DOCSLIB.ORG

Oxford Scholarship Online

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oxford Scholarship Online The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity University Press Scholarship Online Oxford Scholarship Online Settlement, Urbanization, and Population Alan Bowman and Andrew Wilson Print publication date: 2011 Print ISBN-13: 9780199602353 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: May 2012 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.001.0001 The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity J. W. Hanson DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.003.0009 Abstract and Keywords This chapter examines the urban system of Roman Asia. The distribution of urban sites indicates that a large proportion of Roman Asia was surveyed and controlled by urban centres, fairly evenly distributed across relief, but not across space, becoming sparser in the central plateau and east. The dense clustering of cities seems to reduce the span of control of individual cities within the region considerably, resulting in an average intercity distance of 24.5 km. Supporting this is a far denser network of agricultural sites. This arrangement seems to tally reasonably precisely with central place theory, since sites seem to have functioned as nodes of control (military and political) and as centres of administration and justice, as well as service centres. Keywords: Roman Asia, urbanization, urban sites, central place theory Introduction Page 1 of 40 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Oxford; date: 26 August 2015 The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity When were there ever so many cities both inland and on the coast, or when have they ever been so beautifully equipped with everything? Did ever a man who lived then travel across country as we do, counting the cities by days, and sometimes riding on the same day through two or even three cities, as if he was passing through one only?…Now all the Greek cities rise up under your leadership, and the monuments which are dedicated in them and all their establishments and comforts redound to your honour like beautiful suburbs. The coasts and interior have been filled with cities, some newly founded, others increased under and by you. Aelius Aristides, To Rome: 93–4. In Aristides’ To Rome, there is a certain sense of excitement, real or rhetorical, about the apparently considerable changes brought about in the urban system of Roman Asia since the coming of Roman rule in the Late Republic. The impression given not only by Aelius Aristides, but also by a range of other authors including Strabo, Ptolemy, Pliny, and Dio Chrysostom,1 is of a dramatic increase in the number of cities within Asia and an increased level of urban life. Scholarly (p.230) interpretation of this has added that whilst old sites continued to flourish, a significant number of new towns and cities were founded, along with the imposition of military colonies, a network of new roads, and a new political and administrative system.2 It is claimed that a number of these cities rose to new-found prominence, developing populations of as many as 225,000.3 The settlement pattern of the region also seems to have become increasingly nucleated, moving away from a system geared largely towards subsistence agriculture and based around a scatter of hamlets and small villages, to a more heavily urbanized system, concentrated around a smaller number of large towns and cities. Alongside this, poleis, with their emphasis on local self-sufficiency and focused on their own territories, ceased to exist as separate political entities. In tandem, and partially, if not entirely, as a result of these changes, the region also seems to have come by a new prosperity. This changing urban system is explained both by Aristides and his contemporaries, and by modern scholars, as a direct result of Roman rule and as a direct result of being connected to the wider system of the Roman empire.4 While the process of Romanization seems slow, it is also clear that by the third century the cultural and political milieu of the region had become ‘indivisibly bound up’ with that of Rome and entangled in her political and economic fortunes.5 This picture of Asia’s urban system has not received adequate treatment, however, despite the fact that an examination of the urban system has great potential to inform us about the impact of Rome on the region and the effects of wider connections offered by integration into the Roman empire. No recent systematic study of the urban system of Roman Asia has been undertaken, based on a comprehensive catalogue and distribution map of sites. Pounds’s distribution map is a particularly striking example, since it has often been deployed as the fullest study of the urban system of the Roman empire, despite neglecting the whole of Asia, Syria, Arabia, and North Africa (Fig. 9.1).6 While Scheidel supplements Pounds’s map with a more detailed map of the eastern provinces, his Page 2 of 40 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Oxford; date: 26 August 2015 The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity illustration is essentially an adaptation of Jones’s study of 1937 (Fig. 9.2).7 In this context, our understanding of the phenomenon of urbanism within Asia is generally poor. Lacking a more recent (p.231) Fig. 9.1. The distribution of Roman towns and cities in Europe. Source: (Pounds 1973, fig. 3.6). archaeological study of the region, our understanding is based on travellers’ accounts from the early nineteenth century to as late as the 1980s, a handful of ‘biographies’ of individual cities, a few surveys of small areas, and a number of largely out-of-date historical accounts, loosely integrating archaeological material.8 Our picture of the urban system of Asia as a whole has also tended to be drawn to a large extent from primary sources, such as those detailed above, and the extrapolation of trends perceived in the wider Roman empire.9 The impression of the urban system of Asia derived from these sources has been accepted uncritically and has attracted very little examination or explanation, making re-evaluation essential.10 (p.232) Page 3 of 40 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Oxford; date: 26 August 2015 The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity Fig. 9.2. The distribution of sites in the eastern Mediterranean. Source: (Scheidel 2007, map. 3.3 (based on Jones 1937, maps II–IV)). An investigation of the density and nature of an urban system can be extremely informative since there is a strong correlation between rates of urbanism on the one hand and the performance and level of development of the economy on the other.11 In a city beyond a certain size, the bulk of the population will be engaged in non-agricultural activity, and will therefore depend on a surplus produced by the agrarian sector. The higher the rates of urbanization and the populations of cities within a region, the greater the surplus that must be generated and supplied, and therefore the greater the per capita (p.233) production implied, and thus the greater the prosperity of the region. Large cities are particularly economically significant, since they will exert a strain on the economy by drawing individuals from the countryside and placing them in a position where they rely on the surplus of others (although in turn enabling greater division of labour and greater productivity). An extra facet of the Roman urban system is that such urban centres will also display high ‘monumental overheads’, which will also need to be funded.12 Furthermore, a dense urban system, with large cities, requires a relatively complex economy, including the organization and tapping of a large and productive hinterland, the extraction of resources from a wide region, and effective transport. The characteristics of an urban system and its levels of connectivity will therefore have far- reaching implications for our understanding of the society and economy of the region. This study adopts the methodological stance put forward by the Oxford Roman Economy Project (OXREP) and its attempt to advance theoretical debates by working from bodies of quantifiable data that can then be interpreted and analysed as indicators of the performance of the Roman economy. This chapter thus starts from first principles to Page 4 of 40 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Oxford; date: 26 August 2015 The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity collate data that can be analysed by reference to a series of models, many of which have only seldom been applied to archaeological material.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107013 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-10 and may be subject to change. ANDREAS JOZEF JANSSEN HET ANTIEKE TROPAION 1957 N.V. DRUKKERIJ ERASMUS — LEDEBERG/GENT / HET ANTIEKE TROPAION PROMOTOR .· Prof. Dr. F. J. DE WAELE HET ANTIEKE TROPAION (with a Summary in English) AKADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE AAN DE R. K. UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAG­ NIFICUS DR. W. K. M. GROSSOü W, HOOGLERAAR IN DE FACULTEIT DER GODGELEERDHEID, VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN DE SENAAT VAN DE UNIVERSITEIT IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP VRIJDAG 8 NOVEMBER 1957, DES NAMIDDAGS TE 16 UUR DOOR ANDREAS JOZEF JANSSEN GEBOREN TE VELDEN I957 N.V. DRUKKERIJ ERASMUS — LEDEBERG/GENT INHOUD TEN GELEIDE iv LIJST DER AFBEELDINGEN χ AFKORTINGEN xiv LITERATUURLIJST xv LIJST VAN TEKSTUITGAVEN VAN INSCHRIFTEN EN AUTEURS . xxvni INLEIDING ι HOOFDSTUK I HET TROPAION IN DE GRIEKSE EN ROMEINSE LITERATUUR 6 § i. Afleiding, betekenis en schrijfwijze van het woord . 6 § 2. Accent 8 § 3. Grammaticaal en stilistisch gebruik 9 I. In verbinding met een werkwoord A. Grieks . 9 B. Latijn ... 14 II. In verbinding met een naamval A. Grieks . 16 B. Latijn ... 17 Ш. In verbinding met een praepositie A. Grieks . 17 B. Latijn ... 18 IV. Letterlijk en figuurlijk gebruik A. Grieks . 19 B. Latijn ... 21 § 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
    TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivianismos En El Diccionario De La Lengua Española, 23ª. Ed (2014)
    Bolivianismos en el Diccionario de la lengua española, 23ª. Ed (2014) 1551 lemas con la marca Bol. o la mención Bolivia o boliviano, na., en una o más acepciones. Autor: Raúl Rivadeneira Prada A __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ abajeño, ña. (De abajo). adj… ǁ 3. Arg., Bol., Ec., Méx., Nic., Perú y R. Dom. Natural o procedente de costas y tierras bajas. abalear. tr. Ant., Bol., Col., Ec., Méx., Nic., Pan., Perú y Ven. balear. abarrote. (De abarrotar). m… ο pl. 3. Am. Cen. Bol., Col., Ec., Méx. y R. Dom. Artículos comerciales, principalmente comestibles, de uso cotidiano y venta ordinaria. abarrotero, ra. m y f. Bol., Col., Ec. y Méx. Persona que tiene tienda o despacho de abarrotes. abatanado, da. (Del part. de abatanar). adj. 1. Arg., Bol., Chile, Ec., Méx., Par. y Perú. Dicho de un tejido: Muy compacto o de mucho cuerpo. abatanar. tr… ο prnl. 3. Bol. Dicho de un tejido: Desgastarse, apelmazarse por el uso o el lavado. abatatamiento. m. Arg., Bol. y Ur. Acción y efecto de abatatar o abatatarse. abatatar. (De batata). tr. Arg., Bol., Par. y Ur. Turbar, apocar, confundir. U.t.c. prnl. abigeato. (Del lat. abigeätus). m. Arg., Bol., Chile, Col., Ec., El Salv., Hond., Méx., Nic. Pan., Par., Perú y Ur. Hurto de ganado. abigeo. (Del lat. abigeus). m. Arg., Bol., Chile, Col., Ec., El Salv., Hond., Méx., Nic. Pan., Par., Perú y Ur. Ladrón de ganado. ablandar. tr... ǁ 5. Arg., Bol. y Uru. rodar (ǁ hacer que un automóvil marche a las velocidades prescritas). ablande. (De ablandar) m. Arg., Bol.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadrian and the Greek East
    HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way.
    [Show full text]
  • Tezi Yöneteu
    İSTAltBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜTITESİ LİSA.liS TEZİ TEZİN KONUSU : STRABOlPUll XIV. KİTABilillA GEÇEli BÖLGE, KENT, TANRI, TAURIÇA VE ŞAHIS İSİMLERİ ÜZERİIIDE KISA AÇIKLAL'IALI TARAiliA. ÇALiı;MASI • TEZİ YÖNETEU : PROF. DR. ADUAN PEKmAN İSTANBUl/HAZİRAN 1982 NERİrı!AN ARSLAN 18809 İÇİNDEKİLER 1. ÖNSÖZ 2. BİDLİYOGRAFYA 3· STRABON'UN KİŞİLİGİ VE ESERLERİ 4. STRABOIPUN XIV. KİTABIIillA GEÇEN BÖLGE, KEUT, TANRI, TAHRIÇA VE ŞAHIS İSİMLERİ ÜZERİNDE KISA AÇIKLAMALI TABALlA ÇALişmASI ÖN SÖ Z Eskiçağın ünlü coğTafyacısı Strabon r un 17 lü taplık "Geographika" adlı bir eseri vardır. Strabon ayrıca tarih alanında da büyülc çalışmalar yapmış ve 47 cil·tlik bir tarih yazmıştır. Ancak bu eseri günümüze kadar ulaşa~amıştır. Strabon Coğrafya eserinde Eskiçağdwci Anadolu'nun sadece coğrafyası halekında değil tarihi haldtında da b~lgiler vermektedir. Eserinin çeşitli yerlerinde kendisinden ve atalarından bahsetmek­ tedir: Strabon hakkındaki bildiklerimizde eserinde bize naklettiği bilgi­ lerden ibaret·tir. A-taları Pontos kralları yanında önemli görevler almış olan kimselerdir. özellikle anne tarafından soylu bir aileye mensup olan Strabon m.ö. 64-63 yıllarında Pontos bölgesinde Aınaseia (Amasya) şehrinde doğmuştur. Varlıklı bir aileye mensup olduğu için iyi bir ÖbTenim yapabil­ miş ve istediği kadar seyahat edebilmiştir. Öğrenimini genç yaşta Karia'da (Tralles) yanında Nysa şehrinde Aristodemos'un yru1ında yapmıştır. H.ö. 44 yıllarında Roma'ya gitmiş ve orada da öğrenimine devam etmiştir. Onun hocaları arasında Stoic filozof tarihçi, büyük bilgin Poseidonios da vardır. Strabon'un kendisi de Stoic felsefenin ilkelerine bağlı bir filazoftur. Eserlerinde Roma Siyasetine ve siyasetçilerine bir hayranlılc gÇ;izlenılenmelctedir. Afrilca'nın ve Anadolu­ nun büyük bir kısmını dolaşan s·trabon hayatının son 26-27 yılını Amasia 1da geçirmiş tir.
    [Show full text]
  • Cappadocia and Cappadocians in the Hellenistic, Roman and Early
    Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses X Cappadocia and Cappadocians in the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine periods An international video conference on the southeastern part of central Anatolia in classical antiquity May 14-15, 2020 / Izmir, Turkey Edited by Ergün Laflı Izmir 2020 Last update: 04/05/2020. 1 Cappadocia and Cappadocians in the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine periods. Papers presented at the international video conference on the southeastern part of central Anatolia in classical antiquity, May 14-15, 2020 / Izmir, Turkey, Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea – Acta congressus communis omnium gentium Smyrnae. Copyright © 2020 Ergün Laflı (editor) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the editor. ISBN: 978-605-031-211-9. Page setting: Ergün Laflı (Izmir). Text corrections and revisions: Hugo Thoen (Deinze / Ghent). Papers, presented at the international video conference, entitled “Cappadocia and Cappadocians in the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine periods. An international video conference on the southeastern part of central Anatolia in classical antiquity” in May 14–15, 2020 in Izmir, Turkey. 36 papers with 61 pages and numerous colourful figures. All papers and key words are in English. 21 x 29,7 cm; paperback; 40 gr. quality paper. Frontispiece. A Roman stele with two portraits in the Museum of Kırşehir; accession nos. A.5.1.95a-b (photograph by E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse
    1974, 3) THE BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGIST 69 The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse OTTO F. A. MEINARDU S Athens, Greece Some months ago, I revisited the island of Patmos and the sites of the seven churches to which letters are addressed in the second and third chap- ters of the book of Revelation. What follows is a report on such Christian remains as have survived and an indication of the various traditions which have grown up at the eight locations, where, as at so many other places in the Orthodox and Latin world, piety has sought tangible localization. I set out from Piraeus and sailed to the island of Patmos, off the Turkish coast, which had gained its significance because of the enforced exile of God's servant John (Rev. 1:1, 9) and from the acceptance of the Revelation in the NT canon. From the tiny port of Skala, financial and tourist center of Patmos, the road ascends to the 11th century Greek Orthodox monastery of St. John the Theologian. Half way to this mighty fortress monastery, I stopped at the Monastery of the Apocalypse, which enshrines the "Grotto of the Revelation." Throughout the centuries pilgrims have come to this site to receive blessings. When Pitton de Tournefort visited Patmos in 1702, the grotto was a poor hermitage administered by the bishop of Samos. The abbot presented de Tournefort with pieces of rock from the grotto, assuring him that they could expel evil spirits and cure diseases. Nowadays, hundreds of western tourists visit the grotto daily, especially during the summer, and are shown those traditional features which are related in one way or another with the vision of John.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey Archaeology and the Historical Geography of Central Western Anatolia in the Second Millennium BC
    European Journal of Archaeology 20 (1) 2017, 120–147 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Story of a Forgotten Kingdom? Survey Archaeology and the Historical Geography of Central Western Anatolia in the Second Millennium BC 1,2,3 1,3 CHRISTOPHER H. ROOSEVELT AND CHRISTINA LUKE 1Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University, I˙stanbul, Turkey 2Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Koç University, I˙stanbul, Turkey 3Department of Archaeology, Boston University, USA This article presents previously unknown archaeological evidence of a mid-second-millennium BC kingdom located in central western Anatolia. Discovered during the work of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey in the Marmara Lake basin of the Gediz Valley in western Turkey, the material evidence appears to correlate well with text-based reconstructions of Late Bronze Age historical geog- raphy drawn from Hittite archives. One site in particular—Kaymakçı—stands out as a regional capital and the results of the systematic archaeological survey allow for an understanding of local settlement patterns, moving beyond traditional correlations between historical geography and capital sites alone. Comparison with contemporary sites in central western Anatolia, furthermore, identifies material com- monalities in site forms that may indicate a regional architectural tradition if not just influence from Hittite hegemony. Keywords: survey archaeology, Anatolia, Bronze Age, historical geography, Hittites, Seha River Land INTRODUCTION correlates of historical territories and king- doms have remained elusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
    GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter.
    [Show full text]
  • ROUTES and COMMUNICATIONS in LATE ROMAN and BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (Ca
    ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY TÜLİN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu ERCİYAS Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk SERİN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe F. EROL (Hacı Bayram Veli Uni., Arkeoloji) Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine SÖKMEN (Hitit Uni., Arkeoloji) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Tülin Kaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) Kaya, Tülin Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Cities & Islands of Asia Minor
    MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB .
    [Show full text]