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PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107013 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-10 and may be subject to change. ANDREAS JOZEF JANSSEN HET ANTIEKE TROPAION 1957 N.V. DRUKKERIJ ERASMUS — LEDEBERG/GENT / HET ANTIEKE TROPAION PROMOTOR .· Prof. Dr. F. J. DE WAELE HET ANTIEKE TROPAION (with a Summary in English) AKADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE AAN DE R. K. UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAG­ NIFICUS DR. W. K. M. GROSSOü W, HOOGLERAAR IN DE FACULTEIT DER GODGELEERDHEID, VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN DE SENAAT VAN DE UNIVERSITEIT IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP VRIJDAG 8 NOVEMBER 1957, DES NAMIDDAGS TE 16 UUR DOOR ANDREAS JOZEF JANSSEN GEBOREN TE VELDEN I957 N.V. DRUKKERIJ ERASMUS — LEDEBERG/GENT INHOUD TEN GELEIDE iv LIJST DER AFBEELDINGEN χ AFKORTINGEN xiv LITERATUURLIJST xv LIJST VAN TEKSTUITGAVEN VAN INSCHRIFTEN EN AUTEURS . xxvni INLEIDING ι HOOFDSTUK I HET TROPAION IN DE GRIEKSE EN ROMEINSE LITERATUUR 6 § i. Afleiding, betekenis en schrijfwijze van het woord . 6 § 2. Accent 8 § 3. Grammaticaal en stilistisch gebruik 9 I. In verbinding met een werkwoord A. Grieks . 9 B. Latijn ... 14 II. In verbinding met een naamval A. Grieks . 16 B. Latijn ... 17 Ш. In verbinding met een praepositie A. Grieks . 17 B. Latijn ... 18 IV. Letterlijk en figuurlijk gebruik A. Grieks . 19 B. Latijn ... 21 § 4. Zijn voorkomen in de literatuur 22 § 5. Woordfamilie 24 HOOFDSTUK Π DE HISTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING VAN HET TRO­ PAION 27 § 1. Tijd en plaats van ontstaan 27 § 2. Verspreiding bij Grieken, Romeinen en andere volkeren 33 § 3. De betekenis van het tropaion 39 ν HOOFDSTUK ΠΙ HET TROPAION IN DE OUDE KUNST. VERBREIDING EN VORM 51 § 1. Chronologisch overzicht van het tropaion in de oude kunst 51 § ψ. De typologie van het tropaion 60 HOOFDSTUK IV HET TROPAION EN ZIJN BEGELEIDENDE FIGUREN . 81 § 1. Het tropaion in een milieu van mensen 81 L Het tropaion te midden van strijdtonelen .... 81 II. De overwinnaar bij een tropaion 82 A. De overwinnaar richt een tropaion op ... 82 1. De overwinnaar bevestigt wapenen aan een tropee 82 2. De overwinnaar offert bij een tropaion . 84 3. De overwinnaar bekranst zijn tropaion ... 85 4. De overwinnaar schrijft op het schild van een tropaion 86 B. De overwinnaar met zijn voltooid tropaion . 86 1. De overwinnaar beschouwt zijn tropaion . 87 2. De overwinnaar laat zijn hand rusten op een tropaion 90 3. Victoria bekranst de overwinnaar bij zijn tropaion 91 С De tropaiophore overwinnaar 92 1. De tropaiophore overwinnaar in het algemeen 92 2. Het tropaiophore Romulus-type 94 3. De tropaiophore keizer en zijn gevangenen . 95 D. Minder verbreide voorstellingen 96 1. Enkele op zich zelf staande afbeeldingen . 96 2. Het tropaion tijdens de triomphtocht ... 97 Ш. De overwonnene bij een tropaion 99 A. Het tropaion met één gevangene 99 1. Een knielende gevangene onder een tropaion 100 2. Een zittende gevangene onder een tropaion . 101 VI 3· Het tropaion met een staande gevangene . 104 4. De hurkende en liggende gevangene onder een tropaion 105 B. Het tropaion met twee gevangenen 105 1. Een zittende en een knielende gevangene. 106 2. Twee zittende gevangenen 106 3. Een zittende en een staande gevangene . 108 4. Twee staande gevangenen 109 5. Twee hurkende gevangenen 110 6. Twee knielende gevangenen in C. Het tropaion met meer dan twee gevangenen . in D. Enkele bijzondere groepen 112 § 2. Het tropaion in verbinding met een godheid 113 I. Nike-Victoria 113 A. Nike richt een tropaion op 113 1. Nike bevestigt wapenen aan een tropee ... 113 2. Nike bekranst een tropaion 121 3. Nike beschrijft het schild van een tropaion . 125 4. Nike offert een stier bij een tropaion .... 126 B. De tropaiophore Nike 126 1. Nike-Victoria met krans en tropaion .... 127 2. Nike-Victoria met palmtak en tropaion ... 128 3. De tropaiophore Nike zonder verdere attri­ buten 129 4. De tropaiophore zegegodin met verschillende attributen 134 a) caduceus 134 b) schild 134 0 globe 13J d) hoorn des overvloeds 135 e) helm 135 f) bloemslinger 136 g) speer 136 h) offerschaal . 136 i) twee tropaia 136 j) krans en schild 137 k) krans en zegepalm 137 1) gevangene 137 C. Nike-Victoria bij een voltooid tropaion .... 137 Π. Herakles-Hercules 141 Ш. Pan 144 IV. Mars 144 VII V. Athena-Minerva-Roma 152 VI. Eros-Amor 154 VII. Aphrodite-Venus 157 VIII. Dionusos-Bacchus 158 IX. Astarte 160 X. Sol 161 XI. luppiter 161 XII. Personificaties 162 a) Personificaties van landen en steden 162 b) Personificaties van abstracte begrippen .... 163 § 3. Dieren bij een tropaion 165 § 4. Symbolische tekens rond een tropee 167 HOOFDSTUK V HET ALLEENSTAANDE TROPAION 170 § 1. Tropaia in ronde sculptuur 170 § 2. Tropaia in reliëf 173 § 3. Het alleenstaand tropaion op munten en in de overige kleinkunst 175 HOOFDSTUK VI BIJZONDERE FUNCTIES VAN HET TROPAION 179 § 1. Het tropaion als kleine achtergrondfiguur 179 § 2. Het tropaion in een compositionele functie 180 § 3. Het tropaion in de architektuur 183 1. Tropaiophore zegebogen 184 2. Tropaiongebouwen 186 3. Tempels 188 4. Overige bouwwerken 189 HOOFDSTUK П DE SCHEEPSTROPEE 191 § 1. Het tropaion naast een schip of voorsteven 192 § 2. Het tropaion op een schip of voorsteven 194 vin § 3· De tropaiophore figuur op prora of schip 196 § 4. Het tropaion met scheepsonderdelen 197 § 5. Enkele bijzondere typen 199 SCHEMATISCHE OVERZICHTEN 201 INDICES LITERAIRE INDEX 210 INDEX GRAECUS 211 INDEX LATINUS 213 ALGEMENE INDEX 214 SUMMARY 240 IX LIJST DER AFBEELDINGEN ι. „Tropaion" op een mitra uit Rethymno 28 2. „Tropaion" op een Mukeense pinax 29 3. Reliëf van de graftempel te Termessos 35 4. Romeinse gemme uit de i0 eeuw v. Chr 35 5. Gemme te Berlijn 36 6. Victoriatus 5 3 7. Vaasscherf uit Thebai 61 8. Munt van de Boiotische Bond 61 9. Reliëf van het heroön te Gjólbasji-Trusa 62 10. Attische pelike uit de tijd van Perikles 63 11. Atheense basis, gevonden ten 2. w. van de Parthenoon, met tropaiontype IA 64 12. Pelike uit Megara met tropaiontype IB 65 13. Munt van Syracuse 65 14. Munt van Capua 66 15. Munt van Lusimachos van Thrakië met tropaiontype II 66 16. Etrurische vaas met tropaiontype III 67 17. Gemme 67 18. Gemme 67 19. Syracusaanse munt van Purrhos 68 20. Munt van Pergamos 68 ii. Munt van M. Fourius Philus met tropaiontype IVA 69 22. Munt van C. Fundanius 69 23. Munt van Faustus Cornelius Sulla 70 24. Atheense munt van Sulla met tropaiontype 1С 70 25. Munt van Sulla 70 26. Munt van Caesar 70 27. Munt van Caesar 71 28. Munt van Caesar 71 29. Munt van Caesar 71 30. Munt van Caesar 72 31. Munt van Q. Caepio Brutus 72 32. Trofei di Mario; klassiek tropaion van type IVC 74 33. Trofei di Mario; barbaars tropaion 75 34. Reliëf van de triomphboog te Toulouse met tropaion met menselijk gezicht 76 3 5. Reliëf van de triomphboog te Orange met tropaiontype IVB 77 36. Reliëf van een sarkophaag in de verzameling Borghese 78 37. Agaat uit de ie eeuw v. Chr 79 38. Gemme 83 39. Munt van Constantijn I 83 40. Munt van Constantius II 83 41. Archaiserend reliëf 85 42. Kelk uit Orbetello 88 43. Munt van M. Aurelius 89 44. Beeld van M. Aurelius uit Moutali 90 45. Munt van L. Verus 90 X 46. Munt van Alexander Severus 92 47. Munt van M. Aemilius Lepidus 92 48. Munt van Constantijn I 93 49. Fresco uit Pompeii 94 50. Munt van Theodosius II 9^ 51. Munt van Constantijn I 95 52. Munt van Constantijn I 95 53. Munt van P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus 96 54. Gemme 96 55. Munt van L. Verus 98 56. Munt van Caesar 100 57. Munt van Augustus 100 58. Munt van T. Cloulius 101 59. Reliëf van het graf van Caecilia Metella te Rome 101 60. Munt van Vespasianus ιοί 6i. Munt van Domitianus 101 62. Relief van het beeld van Traianus te Turijn 102 63. Munt van Traianus 102 64. Munt van M. Aurelius 102 65. Bronzen groepje uit Bern 104 66. Munt van Caesar 106 67. Munt van Claudius Gothicus 108 68. Relief van het grafmonument van Clodius Quirinalis 109 69. Munt van M. Aurelius 109 70. Relief van de triomphboog van Carpentras 110 71. Munt van Lampsakos 114 72. Munt van Tarente 115 73. Gemme met „philosoof" 115 74. Munt van L. Verus 115 75. Munt van Antoninus Pius 116 76. Munt van Commodus 116 77. Reliëf uit de Giardino Boboli te Florence 117 78. Munt van Geta 117 79. Torso uit Amasra 119 80. Reliëf van een beeld in de verzameling Oppermann 119 81. Kapiteel in het Tabularium te Rome 120 82. Wierookaltaartje 121 83. Munt van Tarente 122 84. Munt van P. Vettius Sabinus 122 85. Munt van Cn. Cornelius Biasio 123 86. Gemme uit Asjik 123 87. Munt van Q. Caepio Brutus 123 88. Munt van Augustus 124 89. Munt van C. Egnatuleius 125 90. Medaillon uit Aboukir 125 91. Munt van Traianus uit Amisos 127 92. Munt van Septimius Severus 127 93. Gemme uit de ie eeuw v. Chr 128 94. Terracotta beeldje uit Bonn 128 95. Munt van Constantijn II 129 96. Munt van Augustus 129 XI 97- Hellenistische vaas uit Malta of Todi 130 98. Victoria van Apollonia 130 99. Munt van Claudius uit Smurna 130 00. Reliëf uit Istanboel 132 01. Munt van Constantijn I 132 02.
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