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Farmworker Report Fields of Poison California Farmworkers and Pesticides by Margaret Reeves and Kristin Schafer Pesticide Action Network North America Kate Hallward United Farm Workers of America Anne Katten California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation One in a series of reports by Californians for Pesticide Reform Californians for California Rural Legal Pesticide Reform Assistance Foundation Californians for Pesticide Reform (CPR) is a coalition The California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation of public interest organizations committed to protect- (CRLAF) is a private, non-profit organization dedi- ing public health and the environment from pesticide cated to providing advocacy and educational assistance proliferation. CPR’s mission is to 1) educate Califor- to farmworkers adversely affected by pesticide exposure nians about environmental and health risks posed by and other work health and safety hazards. The Projects’ pesticides; 2) eliminate the use of the most dangerous work includes monitoring of employer compliance pesticides in California; and 3) promote sustainable with CalOSHA standards and CalOSHA enforcement pest control solutions for our farms, communities, for- activities; oversight of pesticide exposure investigations ests, homes and yards; and 4) hold government agen- and DPR policy development and implementation; cies accountable for protecting public health and Cali- and advocacy for improved pesticide exposure protec- fornians’ right to know about pesticide use and expo- tions for workers and elimination of use of the most sure. hazardous pesticides. For more information on pesticides and how you can 2424 K Street, Floor 1 work to reduce pesticide use and protect your health Sacramento, CA 95816 and environment, contact CPR. tel: (916) 446-7904 fax: (916) 446-3057 49 Powell Street, Suite 530 email: [email protected] San Francisco, CA 94102 tel: (415) 981-3939, 888-CPR-4880 (in Calif.) fax: (415) 981-2727 email: [email protected] website: www.igc.org/cpr Pesticide Action United Farmworkers Network North America of America, AFL-CIO The Pesticide Action Network (PAN) advocates adop- The United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO, is tion of ecologically-sound pest management methods the largest union of farmworkers in the country, with in place of pesticide use. For 17 years, our interna- regional offices throughout California and in Texas, tional network of over 400 citizens groups in more Florida and Washington State. Founded by Cesar than 60 countries has created a global citizen pesticide Chavez and Dolores Huerta in 1963, the union now reform movement with regional coordinating centers has 27,000 members and has won 18 elections since in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and North 1994. Because farmworkers are the single population America. PAN North America’s (PANNA) primary ap- most affected by pesticides, the UFW plays a central proach is to link the collective strengths and expertise role in advocating for the ban of the most dangerous of groups in Canada, Mexico and the U.S. with coun- pesticides and for farmworkers’ rights to a safe and terpart citizen movements in other countries, and to healthy work place. The UFW approaches pesticide is- carry out joint projects to further our collective goals sues from an organizing perspective, and works with of sustainable agriculture, environmental protection, groups throughout North America who have joined workers’ rights, improved food security, and guaran- the fight to improve the lives of millions of agricultural teed human rights for all. workers in the U.S. For more information and to order copies of this re- 18 West Lake Ave., #L port, contact Pesticide Action Network. Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: (408) 761-7170 49 Powell Street, Suite 500 fax: (408) 728-4590 San Francisco, CA 94102 website: www.ufw.org tel: (415) 981-1771 fax: (415) 981-9917 email: [email protected] website: www.panna.org 2 Acknowledgments Many individuals contributed their time and expertise to this report. Research as- sistance, including data collection and fact checking, was provided by Christine Lee and Lars Neumeister (Pesticide Action Network). Rupali Das, MD (California Department of Health Services), Shelly Davis (Farmworker Justice Fund, Inc.), Marion Moses, MD (Pesticide Education Cen- ter), Salvador Sandoval, MD (Merced, CA physician) and Gina Solomon, MD (Natural Resources Defense Council) reviewed a draft manuscript of the report and provided valuable comments and insights. Additional useful suggestions were made by Californians for Pesticide Reform (CPR) staff members David Chatfield and Joanie Clayburgh and by staff at CPR member organizations, including Mar- tin Bourque (Institute for Food and Development Policy—Food First), Karen deMoor and Ellen Hickey (Pesticide Action Network). Initial drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by the authors’ colleagues in each organization, including Marcia Ishii-Eiteman (Pesticide Action Network); Michael Meuter, Eileen McCarthy, César Hernández and Emanuel Benítez (California Ru- ral Legal Assistance, Inc.); Lori Schiraga (Environmental Defense Center); and UFW staff (United Farm Workers of America). The report was formatted by Brenda Willoughby (Pesticide Action Network). The Spanish translation was provided by Víctor Reyes. Final editing and proofing were provided by Marcia Ishii-Eiteman, Steve Scholl-Buckwald, Amy Cohen, Ama Marston, Marina García and Michele Wright. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Pesticide Action Network North America, the California Rural Legal As- sistance Foundation, United Farmworkers of America and Californians for Pesti- cide Reform. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders. This report was supported by The California Endowment, The California Wellness Foundation, Clarence E. Heller Charitable Foundation, Columbia Foun- dation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Foundation for Deep Ecology, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, Tides Center and Turner Foundation. Additional support for Pesticide Action Network’s program on work- ers’ rights was provided by Warsh-Mott Legacy and Turner Foundation. Copyright 1999 by Pesticide Action Network North America Regional Center. Permission is granted to reproduce portions of this report, provided the title and publishing organizations, PAN North America, California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation, United Farm Workers of America and Californians for Pesticide Reform, are acknowledged. Cover photo copyright: Kira Carrillo Corser. Printed on recycled paper. Cover printed on 100% post-consumer, non-deinked recycled paper. 3 This report is dedicated to the thousands of farmworkers who labor in California’s agricultural fields. Rini Templeton 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary......................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1. Introduction: Farmworkers on the Frontline of Pesticide Exposure ............. 10 Chapter 2. Reported Pesticide Exposure Among California Farmworkers ....................... 13 Chapter 3. Most Pesticide Poisonings Are Not Reported.................................................... 21 Chapter 4. Enforcement of Pesticide Laws Is Weak and Uneven ....................................... 26 Chapter 5. Recommendations: Protecting Farmworkers from Pesticides ........................ 34 Endnotes ........................................................................................................................................ 38 References..................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 40 Appendix A. Methods ............................................................................................................... 40 Appendix B. Reported Use of Toxic Pesticides in California, 1995 ................................................ 41 Appendix C. All Crops Listed in DPR’s 1991–1996 Pesticide Illness Reports ................................ 43 Appendix D. Proportion of the Most Toxic Pesticides Among Possible Poisoning Agents in Top 10 Crops ......................................................................................... 43 Appendix E. Top 7 Activities Associated with Pesticide Exposure .................................................. 44 Appendix F. Pesticide Poisonings by County, 1991–1996 ............................................................ 45 Appendix G. Pesticide Safety Violations Profile 1991/92–1995/96................................................ 46 Appendix H. Number of Fines by Fine Level—Statewide Totals, FY 1991/92–1996/97 ................. 47 Appendix I. Average Annual Pesticide Fines—All Counties, FY 1991/92–1996/97 ...................... 48 Appendix J. Common Actions for Pesticide Safety Violations—Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Monterey Counties .............................................................................. 49 Tables and Figures Table I. Acute Poisoning Cases—Top 10 Crops, 1991–1996 .................................................. 7 Table II. Top 15 Pesticide Poisoning Counties, 1991–1996.....................................................
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