Version 1.1.0 Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List Fair Trade USA® Agricultural Production Standard Version 1.1.0
Introduction
Through the implementation of our standards, Fair Trade USA aims to promote sustainable livelihoods and safe working conditions, protection of the environment, and strong, transparent supply chains.. Our standards work to limit negative impacts on communities and the environment. All pesticides can be potentially hazardous to human health and the environment, both on the farm and in the community. They can negatively affect the long-term sustainability of agricultural livelihoods. The Fair Trade USA Agricultural Production Standard (APS) seeks to minimize these risks from pesticides by restricting the use of highly hazardous pesticides and enhancing the implementation of risk mitigation practices for lower risk pesticides. This approach allows greater flexibility for producers, while balancing controls on impacts to human and environmental health. This document lists the pesticides that are prohibited or restricted in the production of Fair Trade CertifiedTM products, as required in Objective 4.4.2 of the APS. It also includes additional rules for the use of restricted pesticides.
Purpose
The purpose of this document is to outline the rules which prohibit or restrict the use of hazardous pesticides in the production of Fair Trade Certified agricultural products.
Scope
• The Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List (PRPL) applies to all crops certified against the Fair Trade USA Agricultural Production Standard (APS). • Restrictions outlined in this list apply to active ingredients in any pesticide used by parties included in the scope of the Certificate while handling Fair Trade Certified products. This includes any activity included in the scope of the APS Certificate, for instance in seed or field treatments, growing, post- harvest treatment, processing, storage, and/or transportation. • The use of active ingredients listed in the PRPL is only applicable to fields growing Fair Trade Certified crop. In these fields, intercrops must also comply with the PRPL. • Compliance with the PRPL is mandatory and is the responsibility of all managers of all sites included in the scope of the Certificate.
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 1 of 17 Version 1.1.0 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions, cited from the Fair Trade USA Glossary, are key concepts for the understanding of this guidance document and are included here for reference: active ingredient: The chemical substance or component of a pesticide product that can kill, repel, attract, mitigate or otherwise control a pest (as opposed to inert ingredients such as water, solvents, emulsifiers, surfactants, clay and propellants). pesticide: Insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants, and other substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food or agricultural commodities. The term includes substances intended to be used as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, or agent for thinning fruit or preventing the premature fall of fruit, and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport. Pesticides may be synthetic or naturally occurring, and include those approved for use in organic agriculture.
References
The following references are relevant for the understanding of this guidance document and can be downloaded from www.FairTradeCertified.org: • Agricultural Production Standard • Requirements for Certificate Scope Under the APS
1. Compliance with Local and National Laws
All Fair Trade Certified producers are expected to comply with all local and national laws and regulations. Only pesticides that have been legally approved for use in agriculture in the country of use may be used. The requirements in the PRPL may be more restrictive, less restrictive, or equivalent to applicable laws governing the use of pesticides in any given location. In the case that an applicable law or regulation is stricter than the Fair Trade USA PRPL requirement, the law will prevail. In the case that the Fair Trade USA requirement is stricter, the requirements of the PRPL will prevail.
2. Structure of the List
The Fair Trade USA Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List is divided into two parts: the Red List and the Yellow List. The Red List details the active ingredients that are currently prohibited for use on Fair Trade Certified crops. Any pesticides containing these active ingredients must not be used while handling Fair Trade Certified products. This includes any activity included in the scope of the APS Certificate, for instance in seed or field treatments, growing, post-harvest treatment, processing, storage, and/or transportation. The Yellow List details the active ingredients whose use on Fair Trade Certified crops is permitted only when certain conditions are satisfied, including the implementation of robust mitigation
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 2 of 17 Version 1.1.0 practices. By emphasizing the proper use of these pesticides, rather than expanding our list of prohibited ingredients, we aim to encourage a more holistic approach to pesticide management that will reduce overall risk.
3. Red List of Prohibited Pesticides
The active ingredients included in the Red List are found in the most persistent and highly hazardous pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management defines Highly Hazardous Pesticides as “pesticides that are acknowledged to present particularly high levels of acute or chronic hazards to health or environment according to internationally accepted classification systems such as WHO or GHS or their listing in relevant binding international agreements or conventions. In addition, pesticides that appear to cause severe or irreversible harm to health or the environment under conditions of use in a country may be considered to be and treated as highly hazardous.”1
3.1. Methodology of the Red List The Red List is based on the substances included in the following internationally recognized lists: • Stockholm Convention, Persistent Organic Pollutants2 (POP), which accumulate along the food chain and can move long distances in the atmosphere causing environmental pollution; and/or • Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent3 (PIC), which includes chemicals which have been banned in two or more signatory countries because of health or environmental risks; and/or • Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer4 (Mont. Prot); and/or • WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, 2009, Class Ia (Extremely hazardous).5 (WHO Ia) as these active ingredients pose extreme acute health risks. These active ingredients have also been prohibited by a consortium of other reputable sustainability standards6.
3.2. Table of Red List Active Ingredients The table below lists all the active ingredients prohibited by Fair Trade USA. Substances are identified by their common chemical name and CAS Registry Number, which is a unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. For each substance, the international convention(s) or list(s) that reference it are indicated.
1 http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Code/CODE_2014Sep_ENG.pdf 2 Read more about the Stockholm Convention: http://chm.pops.int/
3 Read more about the Rotterdam Convention: http://www.pic.int/
4 Read more about the Montreal Protocol: http://www.unido.org/montreal-protocol.html
5 Read more about WHO Classifications: http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/pesticides_hazard_2009.pdf
6 http://www.isealalliance.org/online-community/news/iseal-members-make-significant-pesticides-commitment
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 3 of 17 Version 1.1.0 Table 1: Red List of Prohibited Pesticides Mont. WHO Prohibited Active Ingredients CAS no. POP PIC Prot. Ia
2,4,5-T and its salts and esters 93-76-5 X
Alachlor 15972-60-8 X
Aldicarb 116-06-3 X X
Aldrin 309-00-2 X X
Alpha-BHC; Alpha-HCH 319-84-6 X
Azinphos-methyl 86-50-0 X
Beta hexachlorocyclohexane 319-85-7 X
Binapacryl 485-31-4 X
† Brodifacoum 56073-10-0 X
† Bromadiolone 28772-56-7 X
Bromethalin 63333-35-7 X
Calcium cyanide 592-01-8 X
Captafol 2425-06-1 X X
Chlordane 57-74-9 X X
Chlordecone 143-50-0 X
Chlordimeform 6164-98-3 X
Chlorethoxyphos 54593-83-8 X
Chlormephos 24934-91-6 X
Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6 X
Chlorophacinone 3691-35-8 X
DDT 50-29-3 X X
Dieldrin 60-57-1 X X
Difenacoum 56073-07-5 X
Difethialone 104653-34-1 X
Dinoseb and its salts and esters 88-85-7 X
Diphacinone 82-66-6 X
Disulfoton 298-04-4 X
DNOC (Dinitro-ortho-cresol) and its salts* Group X
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 4 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Mont. WHO Prohibited Active Ingredients CAS no. POP PIC Prot. Ia
Dustable powder formulations containing a combination 137-26-8, of benomyl at or above 7%, carbofuran at or above 10% 1563-66-2, X and thiram at or above 15% 17804-35-2
EDB (1,2-dibromoethane) 106-93-4 X
Endosulfan (Technical endosulfan and its related 115-29-7 X X isomers)
Endrin 72-20-8 X
EPN 2104-64-5 X
Ethoprophos; Ethoprop 13194-48-4 X
Ethylene dichloride 106-93-4 X
Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 X
Flocoumafen† 90035-08-8 X
Fluoroacetamide 640-19-7 X
HCH (mixed isomers) 608-73-1 X
Heptachlor 76-44-8 X X
Hexabromobiphenyl 36355-01-8 X
25637-99-4, Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) X 3194-55-6
68631-49-2, Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl 207122-15-4, X ether 446255-22-7, 207122-16-5
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 118-74-1 X X X
Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 X
Lindane (gamma-HCH) 58-89-9 X X
Mercury and its compounds* Group X X
Methamidophos 10265-92-6 X
Methyl bromide 74-83-9 X
Mevinphos 7786-34-7 X
Mirex 2385-85-5 X
Monocrotophos 6923-22-4 X
Parathion 56-38-2 X X
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 5 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Mont. WHO Prohibited Active Ingredients CAS no. POP PIC Prot. Ia
Parathion-methyl, Methyl-parathion 298-00-0 X X
Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 X
Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters 87-86-5 X X
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and 1763-23-1, X perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride 307-35-7
Phenylmercury acetate 62-38-4 X
Phorate 298-02-2 X
Phosphamidon (including E and Z) 13171-21-6 X X
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) various X
Polychlorinated naphthalenes 70776-03-3 X
Sodium Fluoroacetate 62-74-8 X
Sulfotep 3689-24-5 X
Tebupirimifos 96182-53-5 X
Terbufos 13071-79-9 X
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl 5436-43-1, X ether 60348-60-9
Toxaphene (Camphechlor) 8001-35-2 X X
Tributyltin compounds* Group X
Ingredients marked with an * in the table above represent a grouping of pesticides. All active ingredients in these groups, listed below in Table 2, are on the Red List of Prohibited Pesticides. Table 2: Red List Active Ingredients in Groups Group Active Ingredient CAS no.
DNOC and its salts
DNOC, ammonium salt 2980-64-5
DNOC, potassium salt 5787-96-2
DNOC, sodium salt 2312-76-7
DNOC 534-52-1 Mercury and its compounds
Mercuric chloride 7487-94-7
Mercuric oxide 21908-53-2
Chloromethoxypropylmercuric acetate; CPMA 1319-86-4
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Diphenylmercurydodecenylsuccinate; PMDS 27236-65-3
Phenylmercuric oleate; PMO 104-68-9
Phenylmercury acetate; PMA 62-38-4 Tributyltin compounds
Tributyltin oxide 56-35-9
Tributyltin fluoride 1983-10-4.
Tributyltin methacrylate 2155-70-6
Tributyltin benzoate 4342-36-3
Tributyltin chloride 1461-22-9
Tributyltin linoleate 24124-25-2
Tributyltin naphthenate 85409-17-2
Ingredients marked with the symbol † are Red List in some forms and Yellow List in other forms. When they are used as rodenticides in formulated fixed-bait traps and stations designed to prevent spillage and spoilage, they are considered Yellow List pesticides and subject to the additional requirements outlined below. In all other forms, these ingredients are considered Red List pesticides and are strictly prohibited.
4. Yellow List of Restricted Pesticides
4.1. Methodology of the Yellow List Active ingredients in the Yellow List of restricted pesticides were included based on one or more of three primary hazard criteria. These hazard classifications are based on sources from recognized authorities listed in the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) International’s 2015 List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHP)7. The sources included under each classification are listed below. 4.1.1. High Acute Toxicity (Acute Tox.): There is a high risk of acute toxicity to human health soon after exposure. • Highly hazardous (Class Ib) according to WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard; and/or • Fatal if inhaled (H330) according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). 4.1.2. Long-Term (chronic) Health Effects (LT Health): The active ingredient causes or increases the risk of serious health problems after prolonged or repeated exposure. Such health problems include cancers, reproductive and developmental problems, and/or inheritable mutations in germ cell. • Carcinogenic to humans according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Known or presumed human carcinogens (Category 1) according to the GHS; and/or
7 http://pan-international.org/wp-content/uploads/PAN_HHP_List.pdf
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 7 of 17 Version 1.1.0 • Substances known to induce heritable mutations or to be regarded as if they induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans (Categories 1A and 1B) according to the GHS; and/or • Known or presumed human reproductive toxicant (Category 1) according to the GHS; and/or • Potential endocrine disruptor according to EU Category 1. 4.1.3. Environmental hazard: There is a high risk of serious impacts on ecosystems and environmental services, which could have long-term negative impacts on livelihoods and the local community. 4.1.3.1. Toxic to the Environment (Envt. Tox.) • Very persistent half-life > 60 days in marine or freshwater or half-life > 180 days in soil (typical half- life), marine or freshwater sediment (Indicators and thresholds according to the Stockholm Convention); and/or • Very bioaccumulative (BCF >5000) or Kow log P > 5 (existing BCF data supersede Kow log P data) (Indicators and thresholds according to the Stockholm Convention). 4.1.3.2. Toxic to Aquatic Organisms (Tox. Aqua): Very toxic to aquatic organisms (LC/EC 50 [48h] for Daphnia spp. < 0,1 mg/l). 4.1.3.3. Toxic to Bees (Tox. Bees): Highly toxic for bees according to U.S. EPA (LD50, μg/bee < 2) and classified as the highest risk to honey and bumble bees from acute contact exposure (>99% potential mortality from formulated sprays)8, and pesticide residues (TD50, days <2)9.
4.2. Table of Yellow List Active Ingredients The table below lists all active ingredients restricted by Fair Trade USA. Substances are identified by their common chemical name and CAS Registry Number, which is a unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. For each substance the hazard classification(s) are indicated, along with the previous classification of the substance by Fair Trade USA. Table 3: Yellow List of Restricted Pesticides Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
3-Chloro-1, 2-propanediol (Alpha- 96-24-2 X chlorohydrin)
Abamectin 71751-41-2 X X
Acetochlor 34256-82-1 X
Acrolein 107-02-8 X
Allyl Alcohol 107-18-6 X
Aluminum phosphide 20859-73-8 X X
Amisulbrom 348635-87-0 X X
8 Zhu Y, et al. Spray Toxicity and Risk Potential of 42 Commonly Used Formulation of Row Crop Pesticides to Adulte Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Econ. Entomol. 1–8 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov269 9 Sanchez-Bayo F, Goka K (2014) Pesticide Residues and Bees – A Risk Assessment. PLoS ONE 9(4): e94482. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094482
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 8 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
Anthracene oil 90640-80-5 X
Arsen and its compounds* 7778-39-4 X
Atrazine 1912-24-9 X
Azafenidin 68049-83-2 X
Azinphos-ethyl 2642-71-9 X
Azocyclotin 41083-11-8 X X X
Benomyl 17804-35-2 X
Bifenthrin 82657-04-3 X X
Blasticidin-S 2079-00-7 X
Borax; disodium tetraborate decahydrate 1303-96-4 X
Boric acid 10043-35-3 X
Brodifacoum† 56073-10-0 X
† Bromadiolone 28772-56-7 X
Bromoxynil 1689-84-5 X
Bromoxynil heptanoate 56634-95-8 X X
Bromoxynil octanoate 1689-99-2 X X
Butocarboxim 34681-10-2 X
Butoxycarboxim 34681-23-7 X
Cadusafos 95465-99-9 X
Carbaryl 63-25-2 X X
Carbendazim 10605-21-7 X
Carbofuran 1563-66-2 X
Carbosulfan 55285-14-8 X X
Chlorantraniliprole 500008-45-7 X X
Chlorfenvinphos 470-90-6 X
Chlorfluazuron 71422-67-8 X X
Chloropicrin 76-06-2 X
Chlorothalonil 1897-45-6 X X
Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 X
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 9 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
Clothianidin 210880-92-5 X
Copper (II) hydroxide 20427-59-2 X X
Copper Acetoarsenite (Paris Green) 12002-03-8 X
Coumaphos 56-72-4 X
Coumatetralyl 5836-29-3 X
Creosote 8001-58-9 X
Cyfluthrin, Beta-cyfluthrin 68359-37-5 X
Cyhexatin 13121-70-5 X X
Cypermethrin 52315-07-8 X
Deltamethrin 52918-63-5 X X
Demeton-S-methyl 919-86-8 X
Diazinon 333-41-5 X X
Dichlorvos; DDVP 62-73-7 X
Dicrotophos 141-66-2 X
Dimethoate 60-51-5 X
Dimoxystrobin 149961-52-4 X X X
Dinocap 39300-45-3 X
Dinotefuran 165252-70-0 X
Dinoterb 1420-07-1 X
Diquat dibromide 85-00-7 X
Diquat dichloride 4032-26-2 X
Diuron 330-54-1 X
edifenphos (EDDP) 17109-49-8 X
Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 X
Epoxiconazole 133855-98-8 X
Ethiofencarb 29973-13-5 X
Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 X
Etofenprox; Ethofenprox 80844-07-1 X X X
Famphur 52-85-7 X
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 10 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
Fenamiphos 22224-92-6 X
Fenbutatin-oxide 13356-08-6 X X X
Fenchlorazole-ethyl 103112-35-2 X
Fenitrothion 122-14-5 X X
Fenpropathrin 39515-41-8 X X
Fentin acetate; Triphenyltin acetate 900-95-8 X X
Fentin hydroxide; Triphenyltin hydroxide 76-87-9 X X
Flocoumafen† 90035-08-8 X
Fluazifop-butyl 69806-50-4 X
Fluazolate 174514-07-9 X X
Flucythrinate 70124-77-5 X
Flufenoxuron 101463-69-8 X X
Flumetralin 62924-70-3 X X
Flumioxazin 103361-09-7 X
Flusilazole 85509-19-9 X
Formaldehyde 50-00-0 X
Formetanate 22259-30-9 X
Furathiocarb 65907-30-4 X
Glufosinate-ammonium 77182-82-2 X
Glyphosate 1071-83-6 X
Halfenprox 111872-58-3 X X
Heptenophos 23560-59-0 X
Imidacloprid 138261-41-3 X
Isopyrazam 881685-58-1 X X X
Isoxathion 18854-01-8 X
Lambda-cyhalothrin 91465-08-6 X X X
Linuron 330-55-2 X
Lufenuron 103055-07-8 X X
Magnesium phosphide 12057-74-8 X
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 11 of 17 Version 1.1.0
Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
Malathion 121-75-5 X X
Maneb 12427-38-2 X
Mecarbam 2595-54-2 X
Methidathion 950-37-8 X
Methiocarb 2032-65-7 X
Methomyl 16752-77-5 X
Nicotine 54-11-5 X
Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 X
Omethoate 1113-02-6 X
Oxamyl 23135-22-0 X
Oxydemeton-methyl 301-12-2 X
Paraffin oils; mineral oils* 64741-88-4 X
Paraquat dichloride 1910-42-5 X
Permethrin 52645-53-1 X X
Phosmet 732-11-6 X
Phosphine 7803-51-2 X
Pirimicarb 23103-98-2 X X X
Potasan 299-45-6 X
Propargite 2312-35-8 X X X
Propetamphos 31218-83-4 X
Propoxur 114-26-1 X X
Propylene oxide, Oxirane 75-56-9 X
Prothiofos 34643-46-4 X X
Pyrazoxon 108-34-9 X
Pyridalyl 179101-81-6 X X
Quinoxyfen 124495-18-7 X X
Quizalofop-p-tefuryl 119738-06-6 X
Resmethrin 10453-86-8 X X
Silafluofen 105024-66-6 X X
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Acute LT Envt Tox. Tox. Restricted Active Ingredient CAS no. Tox. Health Tox. Aqua. Bees
Sodium cyanide 143-33-9 X
Strychnine 57-24-9 X
TCMTB 21564-17-0 X
Tefluthrin 79538-32-2 X
Tetrachlorvinphos 22248-79-9 X X
Thallium sulfate 7446-18-6 X
Thiamethoxam 153719-23-4 X
Thiofanox 39196-18-4 X
Thiometon 640-15-3 X
Tolfenpyrad 129558-76-5 X X
Tolylfluanid 731-27-1 X X
Tri-allate 2303-17-5 X X
Triazophos 24017-47-8 X
Tridemorph 81412-43-3 X
Trifluralin 1582-09-8 X X
Vamidothion 2275-23-2 X
Vinclozolin 50471-44-8 X
Warfarin 81-81-2 X
Zeta-cypermethrin 52315-07-8z X
Zinc phosphide 1314-84-7 X
Zineb 12122-67-7 X
Ziram 137-30-4 X
Ingredients marked with an * in the table above represent a grouping of pesticides. All active ingredients in these groups, listed in Table 4 as follows, are on the Yellow List of Restricted Pesticides.
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 13 of 17 Version 1.1.0 Table 4: Yellow List Active Ingredients in Groups Group Active Ingredient CAS no.
Arsen and its compounds
Arsenic pentoxide 1303-28-2
Cacodylic acid; dimethylarsinic acid 75-60-5
MSMA 2163-80-6
Sodium arsenate 13464-38-5
Cacolydate; sodium dimethylarsinate 124-65-2
Chromated copper arsenate; CCA 75-60-5
Arsenic trioxide 1327-53-3
Calcium arsenate 7778-44-1
Copper arsenate 10103-61-4
Lead arsenate 7784-40-9
Sodium arsenite 7784-46-5
Paraffin oils
Paraffin oil 64741-88-4
Paraffin oil 64741-89-5
Paraffin oil 64741-97-5
Paraffin oil 64742-46-7
Paraffin oil 64742-54-7
Paraffin oil 64742-55-8
Paraffin oil 64742-65-0
Paraffin oil 72623-86-0
Paraffin oil 97862-82-3
Ingredients marked with the symbol † are Red List in some forms and Yellow List in other forms. When they are used as rodenticides in formulated fixed-bait traps and stations designed to prevent spillage and spoilage, they are considered Yellow List pesticides and subject to the additional requirements outlined below. In all other forms, these ingredients are considered Red List pesticides and are strictly prohibited.
4.3. Conditions for Use of Pesticides Containing Active Ingredients on the Yellow List The pesticides listed in the Yellow List have shown a high risk of severe or irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment. Pesticides containing these active ingredients may only be used on Fair
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 14 of 17 Version 1.1.0 Trade Certified crops when the following conditions are satisfied. Both conditions must be met in order to comply with APS criterion 4.4.2.c10 . 4.3.1. There is evidence that the use of less hazardous alternatives has been attempted, but alternatives are either not available or ineffective; and, 4.3.2. The requirements and risk mitigation practices outlined in Section 4.4 are followed.
4.4. Requirements and Risk Mitigation Practices for Use of Pesticides Containing Active Ingredients on the Yellow List This section outlines the requirements that must be implemented in order to satisfy the condition listed in 4.3.2 above. Some of these requirements (those listed in Section 4.4.1) are already detailed in the APS for other objectives but are relevant and must be implemented immediately in the use of Yellow List products. Other requirements (those listed in Section 4.4.2) are external to the APS but are equally required.
4.4.1. Requirements Outlined in the APS Table 5 lists compliance criteria in the APS that are relevant to the handling of pesticides and hazardous chemicals. Certificate Holders who use any product that contains any active ingredient on the Yellow List must immediately implement the requirements described in each of these criteria, regardless of compliance criteria type or timeline, in relation to the handling and use of the Yellow List product. Table 5: List of compliance criteria relevant for the proper handling of Yellow List ingredients on Fair Trade Certified products Theme Relevant Compliance Criteria in the APS
3.2.1.c, 3.2.1.g, 3.2.1.h, 3.2.2.a, 3.2.2.b, 3.2.2.c, 3.2.3.a, Safe Work Environment 3.2.3.d
Protect Waterways and Ecosystems 4.2.2.d
Integrated Pest Management and Chemical Use 4.3.1.b Reduction
Pesticides Used Safely 4.4.1.a, 4.4.1.b, 4.4.1.c, 4.4.1.d, 4.4.1.e, 4.4.2.d
Waste Disposal 4.5.1.b, 4.5.2.a, 4.5.2.b, 4.5.3.a, 4.5.3.c
. Note that failure to follow the requirements outlined in Table 5 when handling Yellow List pesticides will result in non-compliance for both criterion 4.4.2.c and the individual criteria listed in Table 5. The non- compliance in 4.4.2.c will outline which of the above criteria include requirements that the Certificate Holder did not follow when using a Yellow List product. This is regardless of the type of compliance criteria (Critical, Progress, or Best Practice) that those requirements fall under. Note that for Progress criteria, to comply with 4.4.2.c the requirement must be implemented in relation to the Yellow List product only, however Progress Points cannot be earned for applying these criteria only in the context of Yellow List products.
10 Criterion 4.4.2.c states, “Pesticides listed on Fair Trade USA’s Yellow List of Restricted Pesticides are used on Fair Trade crops only under specific conditions.”
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 15 of 17 Version 1.1.0 For example, criterion 3.2.2.b, is a Progress criterion that is listed in Table 5. A farm that does not use any Yellow List ingredients can choose when to become compliant with 3.2.2.b throughout the six-year certification program. However, if the farm starts using a chemical containing a Yellow List ingredient, they must implement criterion 3.2.2.b (in addition to the other criteria in Table 5and requirements in Section 4.4.2 below) in the scope of the use of the Yellow List ingredient in order to be compliant with criterion 4.4.2.c. To earn Progress Points for 3.2.2.b, or any other Progress criteria listed in Table 5, requirements must be applied universally and not simply in the case of Yellow List products. For instance, for 3.2.2.b, a Certificate Holder will receive Progress Points when all workers handling any kind of hazardous pesticide are given a regular free medical exam, but not when only workers handling the Yellow List pesticide are provided with the exam, since this is a requirement under 4.4.2.c.
4.4.2. Additional Required Risk Mitigation Practices In addition to implementing the relevant requirements outlined in the APS, the following additional risk mitigation practices are also required for the use of Yellow List substances. 4.4.2.1. For all Yellow List substances spill response materials must be available near chemical storage, mixing, and loading areas, and all workers handling pesticides must know how to use the materials and respond to a spill. Best practice is to have a posted Spill Response Plan. 4.4.2.2. For Yellow List substances indicated as an acute or long-term risk to human health: a) In addition to the signaling required by 4.4.1.b, notification of planned spraying must be posted at least 24 hours in advance of the planned activity. Under exceptional circumstances, if 24 hours’ notice is not possible, notice must be provided as soon as possible to minimize risks to people. Warning signs should be presented in relevant languages for local communities and explained in pictograms. These signs must be removed once the fields are safe to enter without personal protective equipment. b) Workers may not handle chemicals with acute toxicity risk on their own, i.e. they must always work at least in pairs when mixing or loading, cleaning equipment, or applying via a backpack sprayer. The intent of this requirement is to ensure there is always another person around to provide assistance in case of accidental exposure. c) Workers may not take home personal protective equipment or application equipment. Such equipment must be stored in a location separate from personal belongings. 4.4.2.3. For Yellow List substances indicated as toxic to bees: a) In greenhouses they may be used if there are sufficient precautions to ensure that no wastewater escapes from the greenhouse and pollinators are not able to enter the greenhouse while spraying occurs, e.g. through vents. If bees are used for pollination of the crop, spraying may not be conducted while bees are present. b) In open fields they may be used only if contact with pollinators is minimized: 1) Substances may not be applied to Fair Trade Certified crops that are flowering, and they may not be applied to flowering weeds; or 2) Substance are applied only when pollinators are not active. For instance, application may be targeted to late in the day, evening, or night. 3) If bee hives are present in the field, they must be temporarily covered or removed during application.
4.4.2.4. For Yellow List substances marked with a † in Table 3 above:
Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides List May 2020 Page 16 of 17 Version 1.1.0 a) Ingredients are only used in formulated fixed-bait traps and stations designed to prevent spillage and spoilage (all other forms are prohibited under the Red List); b) Fixed-bait traps and stations are designed to prevent access by non-target species; c) A rodent management plan is developed based on integrated pest management techniques, and is implemented; d) Rodent carcasses are handled with the same care as the ingredients themselves, to include proper disposal that precludes risk to human and environmental contamination; e) Rodent activity is monitored and recorded, to include regular inspection of fixed-bait traps and stations; f) Use of these rodenticides is reduced if monitoring indicates the incidence of rodents decreases; g) Use of these rodenticides is halted if monitoring indicates rodents are not feeding on traps; and, h) Use of these rodenticides is halted if there is evidence of widespread or frequent access to traps by non-target species.
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