DOCSLIB.ORG

The Targeted Pesticides As Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Targeted Pesticides As Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Supplementary material The targeted pesticides as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: comprehensive cross-organism molecular modelling studies performed to anticipate the pharmacology of harmfulness to humans in vitro Milan Mladenović1,*, Biljana B. Arsić2,3, Nevena Stanković1, Nezrina Mihović1, Rino Ragno4,5, Andrew Regan6, Jelena S. Milićević7, Tatjana M. Trtić-Petrović7, Ružica Micić8 1 Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Republic of Serbia 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Republic of Serbia 3 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, United Kingdom 4 Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza Rome University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy 5 Alchemical Dynamics srl 00125 Rome, Italy 6 School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom 7 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 8 Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Republic of Serbia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +381-34-336-223, ext. 255 CONTENTS Figure S1. The sequence alignment between the Mus musculus and Homo sapiens AChE. Figure S2. Vina-based The SB alignment assessment of (a) co-crystallized mAChE inhibitor (PDB ID: 4A16), EC pink, ECRD yellow, RCRD green, ECCD black, RCCD red, and (b) co-crystallized hAChE inhibitor (PDB ID: 4BDT), EC pink, ECRD yellow, RCRD green, ECCD black, RCCD red. Figure S3. The SB alignment of propazine (a), carbaryl (b), tebufenozide (c), and acetamiprid (d) into the mAChE active site. The enzyme ribbons are presented in blue, active site amino acids are depicted in white. For the clarity purpose, hydrogen atoms are omitted from presentation. Figure S4. The SB alignment of diuron (a), monuron (b), and linuron (c), into the mAChE active site. The enzyme ribbons are presented in blue, active site amino acids are depicted in white. For the clarity purpose, hydrogen atoms are omitted from presentation. Figure S5. The SB alignment of propazine (a), carbaryl (b), tebufenozide (c), and acetamiprid (d) into the hAChE active site. The enzyme ribbons are presented in blue, active site amino acids are depicted in white. For the clarity purpose, hydrogen atoms are omitted from presentation. Figure S6. The SB alignment of diuron (a), monuron (b), and linuron (c), into the hAChE active site. The enzyme ribbons are presented in blue, active site amino acids are depicted in white. For the clarity purpose, hydrogen atoms are omitted from presentation. Figure S7. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with ACh. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S8. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with ACh. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S9. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with atrazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S10. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with atrazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S11. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with propazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S12. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with propazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S13. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with simazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S14. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with simazine. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S15. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with carbofuran. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S16. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with carbofuran. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S17. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with monocrotophos. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S18. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with monocrotophos. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S19. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with dimethoate. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S20. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with dimethoate. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. 2 Figure S21. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with carbaryl. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S22. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with carbaryl. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S23. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with tebufenozide. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S24. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with tebufenozide. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S25. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with imidacloprid. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S26. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with imidacloprid. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S27. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with acetamiprid. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S28. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with acetamiprid. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S29. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with diuron. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S30. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with diuron. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S31. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of mAChE in complex with monuron. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction, the blue bars present water bridges. Figure S32. RMSDs (a), RMSFs (b), and Interaction diagrams (c) of hAChE in complex with monuron. The green bars present hydrogen bonds, the purple bars show hydrophobic interactions, the pink bars show ionic interaction,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carbamate Pesticides Aldicarb Aldicarb Sulfoxide Aldicarb Sulfone
    Connecticut General Statutes Sec 19a-29a requires the Commissioner of Public Health to annually publish a list setting forth all analytes and matrices for which certification for testing is required. Connecticut ELCP Drinking Water Analytes Revised 05/31/2018 Microbiology Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms/ E. Coli Carbamate Pesticides Legionella Aldicarb Cryptosporidium Aldicarb Sulfoxide Giardia Aldicarb Sulfone Carbaryl Physicals Carbofuran Turbidity 3-Hydroxycarbofuran pH Methomyl Conductivity Oxamyl (Vydate) Minerals Chlorinated Herbicides Alkalinity, as CaCO3 2,4-D Bromide Dalapon Chloride Dicamba Chlorine, free residual Dinoseb Chlorine, total residual Endothall Fluoride Picloram Hardness, Calcium as Pentachlorophenol CaCO3 Hardness, Total as CaCO3 Silica Chlorinated Pesticides/PCB's Sulfate Aldrin Chlordane (Technical) Nutrients Dieldrin Endrin Ammonia Heptachlor Nitrate Heptachlor Epoxide Nitrite Lindane (gamma-BHC) o-Phosphate Metolachlor Total Phosphorus Methoxychlor PCB's (individual aroclors) Note 1 PCB's (as decachlorobiphenyl) Note 1 Demands Toxaphene TOC Nitrogen-Phosphorus Compounds Alachlor Metals Atrazine Aluminum Butachlor Antimony Diquat Arsenic Glyphosate Barium Metribuzin Beryllium Paraquat Boron Propachlor Cadmium Simazine Calcium Chromium Copper SVOC's Iron Benzo(a)pyrene Lead bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Magnesium bis-(ethylhexyl)adipate Manganese Hexachlorobenzene Mercury Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Molybdenum Nickel Potassium Miscellaneous Organics Selenium Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Silver Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
    [Show full text]
  • Organophosphate Poisoning : a Review
    120 Sinha and Sharma Med J Indones Organophosphate poisoning : A review Parmod K. Sinha, Ashok Sharma Abstrak Pestisida organofosfat digunakan secara luas di seluruh dunia. Keracunan oleh bahan ini merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, terutama di negara berkembang. Zat neurotoksik organofosfat merupakan bahan yang dianggap mengancam dalam bidang militer dan terorisme. Mekanisme toksisitas bahan ini adalah dengan cara menghambat asetilkolinesterase yang mengakibatkan menumpuknya neurotransmitor asetilkolin dan terjadi rangsangan terus-menerus pada reseptor asetilkolin pada sistem saraf sentral maupun perifer. Selain krisis kolinergik, organofosfat dapat menimbulkan berbagai sindrom neurologis, baik akut maupun kronik. Sedangkan gejala peralihan ( intermediate) terjadi 1-4 hari setelah krisis kolinergik teratasi. Pengobatan standar terdiri dari reaktivasi asetilkolinesterase dengan antidot golongan oksim (prolidoksim, oksidoksime, HI-6 dan HLo7), dan pengendalian efek biokimia asetilkolin dengan menggunakan atropin. Golongan oksim yang baru HI-6 dan Hlo7 merupakan reaktivator asetilkolinesterase yang lebih cocok dan efektif untuk keracunan akut dan berat dibandingkan dengan prolidoksim dan obidoksim. Penderita yang mendapat pengobatan segera, biasanya dapat sembuh dari toksisitas akut, namun gejala neurologis ikutan dapat saja terjadi. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 120-6) Abstract Organophosphate pesticides are used extensively worldwide, and poisoning by these agents, particularly in developing nations is a public health problem. Organophosphorous
    [Show full text]
  • Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 the CONCEPT and IMPLEMENTATION of CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS
    Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco CORESTA GUIDE N° 1 The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels October 2020 Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee CORESTA TECHNICAL GUIDE N° 1 Title: The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels Status: Valid Note: This document will be periodically reviewed by CORESTA Document history: Date of review Information July 2003 Version 1 GRL for Pyrethrins () and Terbufos corrected. December 2003 CPA terminology corrected. June 2008 Version 2 – GRLs revised and residue definitions added Provisional GRL of 2.00 ppm for Cyfluthrin to replace previous June 2010 GRL of 0.50 ppm July 2013 Version 3 – GRLs revised October 2013 Note for Maleic Hydrazide revised Version 4 – GRLs revised + clarification that scope of GRLs July 2016 applies predominantly to the production of traditional cigarette tobaccos and GAP associated with their cultivation. June 2018 Fluopyram GRL of 5 ppm added to GRL list Version 5 – Nine new CPAs with GRL added to list. November 2019 Revision of GRLs for Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb. Updated web links. October 2020 Version 6 – Flupyradifurone GRL of 21 ppm added to GRL list. CORESTA Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 THE CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS Executive Summary • Guidance Residue Levels (GRLs) are in the remit of the Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee (ACAC) of CORESTA. Their development is a joint activity of all ACAC members, who represent the leaf production, processing and manufacturing sectors of the Tobacco Industry. The concept of GRLs and their implementation are described in this guide. • GRLs provide guidance to tobacco growers and assist with interpretation and evaluation of results from analyses of residues of Crop Protection Agents (CPAs*).
    [Show full text]
  • P-Listed Hazardous Wastes
    P-Listed Hazardous Wastes The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified a number of chemicals on the EPA “P-list” that present an especially acute hazard when disposed of as hazardous waste. Because of their acute hazards, there are more stringent requirements when disposing of these wastes: ►Container size: When collecting p-listed chemicals as waste, the volume of the hazardous waste container must not exceed one quart (approximately one liter). ►Empty containers: Empty containers that held p-listed chemicals must also be disposed of as hazardous waste. They are not allowed to be washed or re-used. ►Contaminated materials: Disposable materials that become contaminated with p-listed chemicals (e.g. gloves, weighing boats, etc.) must also be disposed of as hazardous waste. Non-disposable materials must be “triple-rinsed”, or rinsed three times to remove the contamination. This rinsate must be collected as hazardous waste. Materials contaminated with p-listed chemicals may not be washed or re-used until they have been triple-rinsed. Remember: - Label the waste as hazardous waste. Most common p-listed wastes Just like all other hazardous wastes, p-listed Chemical CAS number wastes must be labeled with the words Acrolein 107–02–8 “hazardous waste”, the complete chemical Allyl alcohol 107–18–6 name, and the associated hazard Arsenic compounds Varies characteristics (e.g., ignitable, corrosive, Inorganic cyanide Varies toxic, or reactive). salts Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 - Use disposable materials whenever Cyanogen and 460-19-5, 506-77-4 possible. Triple-rising non-disposable Cyanogen Chloride material generates a lot of waste, which can 2,4-Dinitrophenol 51–28–5 be difficult to dispose of safely.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
    Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS.Comments. Insec.Pdf
    ABBREVIATIONS USED – Insecticides – (data source: U.S. Geological Survey) WELL AND SAMPLE IDENTIFIERS LOCAL – Local number used to identify well. First two letters represent the county (AD = Adams County), the following digits represent incremental numbers. STAID – Station identifier. For the U.S. Geological Survey wells, it is 15 digits long and is comprised of the latitude and longitude plus a two digit sequence number. SOURCE – U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Samples collected for a wide range of water- quality, water resources, and other hydrogeologic investigations. DATES – Date the sample was collected. LAT – Latitude of well, in degrees, minutes, and seconds in format DDMMSS. LONG – Longitude of well, in degrees, minutes, and seconds in format DDMMSS. CNTYC – County where well is located. For USGS the counties are Adams, Allegheny, Armstrong, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Bucks, Butler, Cambria, Carbon, Centre, Chester, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Crawford, Cumberland, Dauphin, Erie, Fayette, Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jefferson, Juniata, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, Lycoming, McKean, Mifflin, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Northumberland, Perry, Pike, Schuylkill, Snyder, Somerset, Tioga, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Westmoreland, York. BASINS – The PADEP basin (numbers range from 1-35) the well is located in. For USGS, wells are located in Basins 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. GEO1 – General geologic (bedrock) unit. For Fixed Station Network, the bedrock units are bcoal (bituminous coal bearing), dkcrys (dark crystalline), ltcrys (light crystalline), pocarb (Precambrian through Ordovician carbonates), qscong (quartz, sandstone, and conglomerate), redsed (red sedimentary rocks), schist (schist), sdcarb (Silurian and Devonian carbonates), shale (shale), trised (Triassic age sedimentary rocks).
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Chemical Usage Restricted Use Summary Agricultural Statistics Board October 2000 1 NASS, USDA Highlights
    United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Chemical National Agricultural Statistics Usage Service 1999 Restricted Use Summary Ag Ch 1 (00) a October 2000 Update Alert The herbicide trifluralin was erroneously listed in the corn, upland cotton, peanuts, fall potatoes, soybeans and sunflower tables (pages 3-7). Trifluralin is not restricted for use on those crops. In addition, summary errors for the chemicals ethyl parathion and methyl parathion were discovered for sunflowers in Kansas. Previously published applications of the insecticide ethyl parathion on sunflowers in Kansas were in error and should have all been reported as applications of methyl parathion. The affected sunflower table has been revised (page 7). 1999 Agricultural Chemical Use Estimates for Restricted Use Pesticides Overview: As determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a restricted use pesticide is a pesticide which is available for purchase and use only by certified pesticide applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for the uses covered by the certified applicator’s certification. This group of pesticides is not available for use by the general public because of the very high toxicities and /or environmental hazards associated with these active ingredients. An active ingredient may be restricted for one crop but not for another. This report shows only those active ingredients which are restricted for each specific crop, based on the “Restricted Use Product (RUP) Report, June 2000" published by the EPA. The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled from the Agricultural Resource Management Study, the Fruit Chemical Use Survey, and the 1999 Fall Area Survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Use the Decision Was Signed on the Same Day As the Completion of the OP Cumulative Assessment
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative risks from the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides as required by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. In addition, the individual OPs have also been subject to review through the individual- chemical review process. The Agency’s review of individual OPs has resulted in the issuance of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) for 22 OPs, interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for 8 OPs, and a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for one OP, malathion.1 These 31 OPs are listed in Appendix A. EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and 1 Malathion is included in the OP cumulative assessment. However, the Agency has issued a RED for malathion, rather than an IRED, because the decision was signed on the same day as the completion of the OP cumulative assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
    Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Organophophorus insecticides: a general introduction (EHC 63, 1986) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1986 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination
    [Show full text]
  • Quantification of Organophosphorus Pesticides by Quechers and LC
    HPLC Application ID No.: 20020 Quantification of Organophosphorus Pesticides by QuEchERS and LC/MS/MS Column: Synergi™ 4 µm Fusion-RP 80 Å, LC Column 50 x 2 mm, Ea Dimensions: 50 x 2 mm ID Order No: 00B-4424-B0 Elution Type: Gradient Eluent A: Add 5mL of 1M ammonium formate to 1L Water Eluent B: Add 5mL of 1M ammonium formate to 1L Methanol Gradient Step No. Time (min) Pct A Pct B Profile: 1 -5 95 5 2 0 95 5 3 2 95 5 4 6 50 50 5 12 10 90 6 14 10 90 7 16 95 5 8 17 95 5 Flow Rate: 250 mL/min Col. Temp.: 25 °C Detection: Tandem Mass Spec (MS-MS) @ (ambient) Detector Info: <a target="_blank" href="https://sciex.com/products/mass-spectrometers?utm_campaign=2019%20application%20search&utm_source=phenomenex&utm_medium=referral">SCIEX</a> Analyst Note: SecurityGuard™ Guard Cartridge System extends column lifetime. - SecurityGuard Cartridges, Fusion-RP 4 x 2.0mm ID, 10/Pk Part No.: AJ0-7556 - Holder Part No.: KJ0-4282 ©2021 Phenomenex Inc. All rights reserved. For more information contact your Phenomenex Representative at [email protected] Phenomenex products are available worldwide. www.phenomenex.com [email protected] Page 1 of 2 HPLC Application ID No.: 20020 Quantification of Organophosphorus Pesticides by QuEchERS and LC/MS/MS ANALYTES: 1 Acephate (MRM: 184/142.8) 41 Diazinon (MRM: 305/169) 2 Acephate (MRM: 184/94.9) 42 Diazinon (MRM: 305/153) 3 Demeton-S-methyl sulfone (MRM: 263/169) 43 Fenthion (MRM: 278.9/169) 4 Demeton-S-methyl sulfone (MRM: 263/109) 44 Fenthion (MRM: 278.9/246.9) 5 Parathion-methyl Methyl parathion (MRM: 263.9/232.1)45
    [Show full text]
  • How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides
    PNW 591 December 2006 How to ReduceReduce BeeBee PoisoningPoisoning from pesticides H. Riedl E. Johansen L. Brewer J. Barbour A Pacific Northwest Extension publication Oregon State University • University of Idaho • Washington State University Contents Pollinators are essential to Pacific Northwest agriculture .......................................................................1 Rules to protect bees ..............................................................................................................................1 Causes of bee poisoning in the Pacific Northwest .................................................................................2 Investigating a suspected bee poisoning ................................................................................................2 Signs and symptoms of bee poisoning ...................................................................................................2 Honey bees .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Managed solitary bees ................................................................................................................................... 3 Ways to reduce bee poisoning ...............................................................................................................3 Beekeeper–grower cooperation ..................................................................................................................... 3 What pesticide
    [Show full text]
  • List of Class 1 Designated Chemical Substances
    List of Class 1 Designated Chemical Substances *1：CAS numbers are to be solely as references. They may be insufficient or lacking, in case there are multiple chemical substances. No. Specific Class 1 CAS No. (PRTR Chemical （*1） Name Law) Substances 1 - zinc compounds(water-soluble) 2 79-06-1 acrylamide 3 140-88-5 ethyl acrylate 4 - acrylic acid and its water-soluble salts 5 2439-35-2 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate 6 818-61-1 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate 7 141-32-2 n-butyl acrylate 8 96-33-3 methyl acrylate 9 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 10 107-02-8 acrolein 11 26628-22-8 sodium azide 12 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 13 75-05-8 acetonitrile 14 75-86-5 acetone cyanohydrin 15 83-32-9 acenaphthene 16 78-67-1 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile 17 90-04-0 o-anisidine 18 62-53-3 aniline 19 82-45-1 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone 20 141-43-5 2-aminoethanol 21 1698-60-8 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one; chloridazon 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyano- 22 120068-37-3 4[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]pyrazole; fipronil 23 123-30-8 p-aminophenol 24 591-27-5 m-aminophenol 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; 25 21087-64-9 metribuzin 26 107-11-9 3-amino-1-propene 27 41394-05-2 4-amino-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; metamitron 28 107-18-6 allyl alcohol 29 106-92-3 1-allyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane 30 - n-alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and its salts(alkyl C=10-14) 31 - antimony and its compounds 32 120-12-7 anthracene 33 1332-21-4 asbestos ○ 34 4098-71-9 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate 35 78-84-2 isobutyraldehyde
    [Show full text]