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Balkanologie, Vol. VI, N° 1-2 | 2002, « Volume VI Numéro 1-2 » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 16 Mai 2008, Consulté Le 17 Décembre 2020

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Balkanologie, Vol. VI, N° 1-2 | 2002, « Volume VI Numéro 1-2 » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 16 Mai 2008, Consulté Le 17 Décembre 2020 Balkanologie Revue d'études pluridisciplinaires Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 Volume VI Numéro 1-2 Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/balkanologie/426 DOI : 10.4000/balkanologie.426 ISSN : 1965-0582 Éditeur Association française d'études sur les Balkans (Afebalk) Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 décembre 2002 ISSN : 1279-7952 Référence électronique Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002, « Volume VI Numéro 1-2 » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 16 mai 2008, consulté le 17 décembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/balkanologie/426 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/balkanologie.426 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 17 décembre 2020. © Tous droits réservés 1 SOMMAIRE Dossier : Contentieux micro-territoriaux dans les Balkans, XIXe-XXe siècles Contentieux micro-territoriaux dans les Balkans, XIXe-XXIe siècles Bernard Lory Mali Zvornik Bernard Lory Ada Kale Bernard Lory Arab Tabija Bernard Lory Le problème de Bregovo dans les relations bulgaro-serbes Gueorgui Peev Le monastère de Saint-Naum (Sveti Naum/Shën Naum) Bernard Lory et Petrit Nathanaili L’île de Sazan (Sasεno) ou la « Porte de l’Adriatique » Petrit Nathanaili Le monastère de Sveti Prohor Pčinski Bernard Lory L’Ile aux Serpents : source de contentieux entre la Roumanie et l’Ukraine François Després La péninsule de Prevlaka Diane Masson Le problème de la délimitation des frontières slovéno-croates dans le golfe de Piran Joseph Krulic Recherches Mountains as “lieux de mémoire” Highland Values and Nation-Building in the Balkans Ulf Brunnbauer et Robert Pichler Rural-urban differences and the break-up of Yugoslavia John B. Allcock Ambiguous partisanships Philhellenism, turkophilia and balkanology in 19th century Britain Margarita Miliori Le voyage en Grèce des membres de l’Ecole Française d’Athènes Du périple héroïque à l’aventure scientifique, 1846-1892 Catherine Valenti Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 2 « la Californie des Roumains »L’intégration de la Dobroudja du Nord à la Roumanie, 1878-1913 Constantin Iordachi Les géographes français et la délimitation des frontières de la Bulgarie à la conférence de la paix en 1919 Taline Ter Minassian Qui est Sadık Ahmet ? Le parcours d’un nationaliste turc en Grèce Samim Akgönül Notes et documents Force et limites d’une lecture moderne des guerres yougoslaves À propos de l’ouvrage Explaining Yugoslavia Xavier Bougarel From Foe to Friend and back Albanians in Serbian History Textbooks 1918-2000 Zoran Janjetović Notes de lecture Neumann (Victor), Ideologie si fantasmagorie. Perspective comparative asupra istoriei gîndirii politice în Europa Est-Centralà [Idéologie et fantasmagorie. Perspectives comparatives sur l’histoire de la pensée politique en Europe Est-Centrale] Iaşi : Éditions Polirom, 2001, 224 p. Antonela Capelle-Pogǎcean García-Arenal (Mercedes), éd., Conversions islamiques. Identités religieuses en Islam méditerranéen Paris : Maisonneuve et Larose, 2001, 460 p. Alexandre Popovic Iveković (Ivan), Ethnic and regional conflicts in Yugoslavia and Transcaucasia. A political economy of contemporary ethnonational mobilization, Ravenna : A. Longo Editore, 2001, 223 p. [Bibliogr., Index] Patrick Michels Glamočak (Marina), La transition guerrière yougoslave Paris : L’Harmattan, 2002, 287 p. Diane Masson Kaser (Karl), Pichler (Robert), Schwandner-Sievers (Stephanie), Hg., Die weite Welt und das Dorf. Albanische Emigration am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts Wien : Böhlau, 2002, 296 p. Nathalie Clayer Creed (Gerald W.), Domesticating Revolution. From Socialist Reform to Ambivalent Transition in a Bulgarian Village University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, Press, 1998,304 pages Galía Valtchinova Radost (Ivanova), Folklore of the Change. Folk Culture in Post-Socialist Bulgaria Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1999 [= FF Communications, 1232, (270)], 127 pages Galía Valtchinova Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 3 Nikolov (Rajko), Diplomacija na četiri oči. lz dnevnika na edni bǎlgarski poslanik v Jugoslavija [Diplomatie entre quatre-z-yeux. Extraits du journal d’un ambassadeur bulgare en Yougoslavie] Sofia : Lik, 1999, 304 p. Bernard Lory Grumel-Jacquignon (François), La Yougoslavie dans la stratégie française de l’entre- deux-guerres, aux origines du mythe serbe en France Bern / Berlin / Bruxelles / Frankfurt / New York / Wien : Peter Lang, 1999, 669 p. Mile Bjelajac Hadžieva-Aleksievska (Jasmina), Kasapova (Elizabeta), Arhitekt Andreja Damjanov 1813-1878 [Andreja Damjanov, architecte, 1813-1878] Skopje, 2001, 230 p. Bernard Lory Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 4 Dossier : Contentieux micro- territoriaux dans les Balkans, XIXe- XXe siècles Special issue: contested micro-territories in the Balkans, XIXth-XXth centuries Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 5 Contentieux micro-territoriaux dans les Balkans, XIXe-XXIe siècles Bernard Lory 1 Dans l’image négative qu’ont les Balkans aux yeux du reste du monde, les conflits territoriaux occupent une place de choix. L’apprentissage de la balkanologie inclut la longue liste des provinces contestées : Thrace, Dobroudja, Banat, Carinthie, Macédoine, Epire, etc. ; celui des grandes « braderies » territoriales : traités de Berlin, de Bucarest, de Neuilly/Saint-Germain/Trianon, etc ; l’examen de cartes, afin de repérer le Sandjak de Novi Pazar, la ligne Midia-Enos, les cours du Prut ou du Dniestr, etc. Après cette mise en place des enjeux territoriaux majeurs dans les Balkans, on découvre un second registre de conflictualité. On apprend l’existence du Prekmurje et du Medjimurje, des îles de Vis et de Lastovo, de celles d’Imroz et Bozca adasi, du saillant de Strumica, etc. Ces enjeux locaux apparaissent dans les présentations plus détaillées. Ils viennent comme un complément aux grandes disputes régionales. Dans un troisième temps, le curieux qui se penche sur les textes de traités et plus encore sur les compte-rendus des séances de négociations, découvre, non sans surprise, qu’il y est aussi question de lieux tout à fait insignifiants, d’îlots, de rochers, de villages perdus et de monastères isolés, dont la localisation sur une carte moderne peut s’avérer très difficile. Ces questions marginales occupent souvent une place considérable dans la documentation. On est même surpris de leur écho auprès des opinions publiques à certains moments. 2 Nous proposons donc ici une classification des conflits territoriaux dans les Balkans en trois catégories : conflits macro-, méso- et micro-territoriaux. Les premiers sont de l’ordre de la province et se chiffrent en milliers de kilomètres carrés et en centaines de milliers d’habitants ; les seconds sont de l’ordre du canton et se chiffrent en centaines de kilomètres carrés et en dizaines de milliers d’habitants. Les conflits micro- territoriaux qui nous intéressent ici peuvent se définir comme suit : des contentieux territoriaux concernant de très faibles superficies, une dizaine de kilomètres carrés tout au plus, souvent moins d’un kilomètre carré ; des contentieux territoriaux concernant une population minime, quelques milliers d’individus au plus, et, dans bien des cas, une population nulle. Ce deuxième critère, concernant la population, nous conduit à écarter les problèmes de délimitation en milieu urbain, qui constituent un cas Balkanologie, Vol. VI, n° 1-2 | 2002 6 de figure propre. Nous écartons de ce fait la cession de Parga à l’Empire ottoman par la Grande-Bretagne, les litiges italo-yougoslaves à propos de Zadar et de Rijeka/Susak, le « Triangle de Zemun » que le Troisième Reich retrancha à l’Etat croate indépendant, l’attribution des quartiers de Dobrinja I et IV lors des accords de Dayton. 3 Quel intérêt ces litiges minuscules présentent-ils ? A quoi bon s’intéresser à de telles broutilles ? Pour anecdotiques qu’ils soient, ils éclairent avec netteté certains aspects de la conflictualité territoriale. L’absence totale, ou la présence négligeable de population a un effet majeur dans ces contentieux. Elle exclut de recourir à l’argument ethnique pour justifier la possession de tel ou tel territoire. Or l’argument ethnique est roi dans tous les conflits territoriaux des Balkans. Elle disqualifie également l’argument économique, que les Balkaniques font volontiers jouer quand ils présentent leurs revendications sur une scène internationale (comme si l’économie, étant plus froide et objective, devait mieux convaincre les Grandes Puissances, que des arguments ethniques, trop émotionnels). Dans le cas d’îles, cependant, le droit maritime a un effet démultiplicateur en attribuant une zone de six ou douze milles marins autour de la moindre tête d’épingle sur la carte. Aux zones de pêche traditionnelles s’ajoutent de nos jours les possibilités d’exploitation des fonds marins, ce qui peut donner un poids réel à la question. A côté de la question : comment de tels litiges apparaissent-ils ? nous aurons aussi à réfléchir à la manière dont ils sont gérés, aux arguments qui les nourrissent, à la manière dont ils se résolvent. La question ultime étant : pourquoi de tels conflits émergent-ils dans un contexte donné ? Ces querelles de voisins, pour un rocher ou pour un pré inondable n’ont-elles pas une certaine fonction ? 4 Le dossier que nous proposons ici au lecteur regroupe dix études monographiques concernant des contentieux micro-territoriaux, sous les plumes de François Després, Joseph Krulic, Bernard Lory, Diane Masson, Petrit Nathanaili et Gueorgui Peev : Mali Zvornik, entre la Serbie et l’Empire ottoman ; l’île danubienne d’Ada Kale, enclave ottomane entre la Roumanie l’Autriche-Hongrie et
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