Vol. XVII No. 1 January, 1962 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. FiNCHLEY RD. (corner Fairlax Rd.). London, N.W.S 0//ice and Consulting Hours: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Ollice and Welfare for the Aged) Mondav to Thursdav 10 am—I a m 3—6 o m MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.C.C.. monaay lo i luirsaay lu a.m. i p.m. J o p.m. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—1 p.m. ACROSS THE CHANNEL THE EICHMANN VERDICT From our Jerusalem Correspondent German Jews in France In the trial against Adolf Eichmann on 15 counts for crimes against the Jewish people, A visitor to the Central Synagogue in Paris will one hour's drive from Paris. The former dining- crimes against humanity and war crimes, the court notice in the entrance hall the memorial tablets room and lounge are now used as communal handed down its verdict: guilty on all 15 counts. where the names are inscribed of those who rooms. Most of the residents no longer work. The court arrived at its judgment after hearinis lost their lives during the Second World War as It seems that the distance from Paris does not which opened on April llth, 1961, and concluded members of the fighting forces or of the Resistance matter to them too much. They are compensated on August Mth, after 114 sessions over a period movement. Inside the synagogue the eye is drawn by the wonderful country in which they live. of 16 weeks. The court heard 111 witnesses and to a wall with yalirzeii candles, each bearing a Furthermore, the feeling of being isolated cannot name-plate in memory of a relative who perished easily arise because Limours has become a rally­ received written transcripts of another 16 in Auschwitz or another extermination camp. All ing centre for " Solidaritd " members in Paris, who examined in Germany, Austria and Italy. One these reminders of the sufferings of French Jewry visit the place on Sundays and also arrange thousand five hundred and forty-three documents, have an additional meaning for us : amonjp the functions there on festive occasions. Lastly, con­ some of them complete books, were admitted as victims were many German Jews who found trary to London, Jewish refugees in Paris are not evidence. No wonder that it took the three refuge in France after 1933 and who, sub­ concentrated in a few districts but are spread all judges—Mr. Justice Moshe Landau, Judge Ben­ sequently, were captured by those from whom over the city; therefore, they are used to travel­ yamin Halevi and Judge Yitzhak Raveh—four they had fled. The holocaust has reduced the ling when visiting relatives or friends. months to study the material. number of German Jews in France to a mere The judgment made it clear that the court's task 7,000-8,000, and an account of the circumstances Flatlets in Paris was to pronounce law, not to write history. " The Under which they survived would fill many Inside the Paris boundaries " Solidaritd" has path of the court was and remains clear. It can­ Volumes of tragic stories. This must always be embarked on three housing schemes, each of not allow itself to be enticed into provinces which kept in mind when comparing the position of which provides accommodation in self-contained are outside its sphere. The judicial process has these remnants with that of German Jews in a flats with one. two or three rooms, kitchen and ways of its own. laid down by law. and which do country like ours where they were spared these bath. The first group of flats, like Limours not change, whatever the subject of the trial sufferings. financed out of funds obtained from the German may be." To build up their lives anew after the war Federal Republic, consists of 21 flats (for 65 A word of praise is given both to the prosecutor called for almost superhuman efforts. It was persons) which have been occupied for some time. and the counsel for the defence. " Mr. Hausner their good fortune that they could benefit from The second one was acquired out of Jewish funds, conducted the prosecution in all its stages as a the constructive help of the world-wide Jewish contributed partly by the Conference on Jewish jurist and on a very high professional level. Dr. relief organisations. However, while in Great Material Claims (which administers the payments Servatius, who stood almost alone in this Britain and many countries overseas the Jews made by the German Federal Republic according strenuous legal battle, in an unfamiliar environ­ from Germany could also fall back on their own to the Hague Agreement) and partly by the Leo ment, always directed himself to the essence of organisations which they had built up before or Baeck Charitable Trust (which acJministers the the matter, and refrained from unnecessary con­ during the war, the German Jews in France had funds of the Council of Jews from Germany). It troversy over matters which did not seem vital to to start from scratch in this respect as well. It provides accommodation for 16 families— him for the defence of the client, thereby afford­ testifies to the strength and, perhaps, also to the altogether 40 persons. ing valuable assistance to the court." organisational gifts of the Jews from Germany To mark the completion of these flats, a Press Eichmann was found guilty on each of the that, in spite of the adverse circumstances, they conference was arranged by the " Solidarite" a 15 charges against him with the following reser­ succeeded within a comparatively short time in short while ago. Greetings were conveyed on vations: His activities in the Emigration Centres creating a representative body of their own com- behalf of the Claims Conference by Mr. Saul in Berlin, Vienna and Prague, the deportations to [yiunity. They gave it the significant name of Kagan and on behalf of the Leo Baeck Charitable Niscom and the expulsions from Stettin. Baden Solidarite". Indeed it is this solidarity which Trust by the writer, Mr. Charles Jordan, the and the Saar, did not constitute crimes against has enabled them to carry out widespread activi­ European Director of the " Joint", who also the Jewish people ; he was not guilty of giving ties in the course of the past years. Apart from spoke, stressed that in recent years the " Joint" had developed the policy of delegating the care Continued on page 2, column 1 taking up the general interests of those in their for the victims of Nazi persecution to the organisa­ charge, they have also embarked on a variety of tions built up by the victims themselves. This Social schemes. These include, among others, policy, he went on. was a departure from the line mention the Old Age Home in Annet-sur-Mame support of persons in need of financial aid. taken during the first years after the war when which is not run by " Solidaritd " but by another However, one aspect of social work which also the " Joint" carried out this function under its organisation. The history of this Home dates plays an important part in the activities of the own auspices. Yet gradually the " Joint" had back to the war years, when an organisation of '^JR has increasingly come into the foreground : come to realise that people in need of care could German Jews in the United States. " Selfhelp ", tjie erection and administration of homes. In best be looked after by those who had shared provided funds for Jewish persecutees in France. this work, " Solidarite " has been assisted by the their fate and therefore understood their require­ After the war, " Selfhelp" raised the means for *-°uncil of Jews from Germany to which it is ments and their mentality. the purchase of a building to be used as an Old stfiliated, by the great Jewish relief organisations Age Home for German Jews. In 1956, this Home and by the German Federal Republic. Yet A third group of 15 flatlets, financed by the was transferred to its present place, Annet. Like "nancial support, indispensable as it is, would not Branche Fran(^ise of the Jewish Trust Corpora­ Limours, it is also a former chateau situated in alone have made the schemes succeed without the tion out of the heirless property in the former a beautiful park. The average age of the "evoted voluntary work of the leading members French zone of Western Germany and by the Leo residents is slightly below that of our Homes in °t ' Solidarity ". The average age of these Com- Baeck Charitable Trust, will be completed shortly. London, and while in London the houses were iTiittee members is less than that of their opposite The groups of flats acquired by " Solidaritd" to a considerable extent converted and adjusted nurnbers in this country. Maybe the memory of are not situated in buildings exclusively inhabited before they were put to their present use, the ineir common sufferings during the war years has by refugees. As most of the residents of the flats chateau has been left more or less uiichanged, A ^Pt them more closely attached to their com- are still able to work, they do not need a warden new wing was added only a short while ago. The giumty of origin than their contemporaries in to look after them. Therefore, and also for facilities, especially the communal rooms, cannot other reasons, the procedure in France differs be compared with those of our Homes. However, " S r^ housing schemes under the auspices of from that of similar schemes in this country; the accommodation is pleasant, and the friendly ^°'idarite" are meant for people who can still " Solidaritd" buys a number of flats in huge atmosphere strikes the visitor as soon as he enters are for themselves. There is one home in the blocks under construction, and the refugees the house. cmity of Paris. Limours. where residents are inhabit flats all over the block. In most cases, The visit to Paris again made us aware of the ccomrnodated in fumished rooms with cooking these residents have been living in slums for many differences and similarities of social schemes fl^^'/'ties. and there are self-contained flats and years, and the modern, newly built flats, provide carried out by and for Jews from Germany in •atiets in several Paris districts. The hofne in them for the first time with the decent accom­ their countries of resettlement. Yet the outstand­ ^•mours was acquired out of funds raised in the modation they had been longing for during the ing feature, which accounts for the success of erman Federal Republic by means of German past 15 years. these schemes, is the strong sense of solidarity— 1, "J^'Timental grants and private donations. The This survey of housing schemes for refugees in a constant inspiration to all those who devote form ' ^hich was opened five years ago, is a France would be incomplete if we did not also their time and energy to this work. rmer chateau, built in a beautiful park, about Continued at bottom of next column W. ROSENSTOCK. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 THE EICHMANN VERDICT {Continued from page 1) THE GERMAN SCENE orders to prevent child-bearing in Kovno Ghetto, or of devising measures for the sterilisation of the STATEMENT ABOUT DR. SCHROEDER WORMS SYNAGOGUE REBUILT offspring of mixed marriages ; he had not been implicated in the deportation of the gipsies to According to a statement issued by the German One of the oldest Jewish monuments in Ger­ Auschwitz and their subsequent extermination; Federal Government, West Germany's new many, the Worms Synagogue, which had been neither he nor his department had been proved Foreign Minister, Dr. Gerhard Schroeder, was destroyed in November, 1938, was reconsecrated to have any connection with the murder of the never a member of the S.A., the Nazi Storm on December 3rd. The original synagogue dates Troopers. back as far as 1034; since then it was repeatedly children of Lidice. destroyed " by fire and persecution", as one of The court, however, agreed with the Attorney- The statement says that, together with many other German students and " Referendare", he the inscriptions puts it. It has now been rebuilt General: that all the acts perpetrated during the according to old plans, with its " Frauenschul" implementation of the " final solution " should be was compelled in 1933 to apply for membership of the S.A. but he never became a full member and its famous " Raschikapelle ". This recon­ regarded as one single whole, and as constituting struction work was the cause of controversy a crime against the Jewish people within the as he moved from Bonn to Berlin in 1934. His name was finally removed from the list of for some years. Some peo.ple expressed the meaning of the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators' candidates because of " lack of interest" on his view that there was no point in building a Law. The court held that everyone who contri­ part. synagogue in a town which had practically no buted towards the " final solution " in the know­ Jewish citizens. However, ultimately the opinion ledge that it meant the physical extermination of Dr. Schroeder, it is stated, had joined the Nazi Party as a "nominal member" in 1933 but had prevailed that this monument should be the Jews, irrespective of the scope of his contri­ re-erected, in memory of the persecutees and also bution, must be regarded as a principal offender, never become an active member. He had opposed the National Socialist rdgime and had previous as an act of moral compensation. and not only as an accessory. The consecration ceremony was attended by In the case of the accused, continued the court, to 1933 headed the University group of the Liberal German People's Party at Bonn, which representatives of the authorities and of the he had been aware of the true significance of the strongly opposed Nazism. In 1938 he hacj joined Jewish organisations; a number of emigrated "final solution" as early as in June, 1941, and the Confessing Church, which actively fought former members of the Worms Jewish community had actively participated in the extermination were also present. The speakers included the campaign as from August, 1941. He was, there­ against the Nazis. In 1934 he joined the Berlin lawyers' firm of Mayor of Worms, Heinrich Voelker, Landes­ fore, guilty of participating in the over-all crime rabbiner Professor Dr. Ernst Roth (Mainz) and constituted by implementing the " final solution ". Dr. Walter Schmidt, Dr. Wilhelm Beutner, Dr. Friedrich Kempner, Dr. Heinz Pinner, and Dr. Landesrabbiner Dr. Fritz Elieser Bloch (Stutt­ The Accused's Defence Joachim Beutner. In spite of strong pressure gart). The historical importance attributed to the under which he was put by the Nazi Party, he event was underlined by the fact that the message The court, considering the accused's defence remained associated with this firm, whose partners on behalf of the Federal Government was that he had acted under the orders from his were racial persecutees on account of their own delivered by Vice-Chancellor Professor Erhardt. superiors, did not accept Dr. Servatius' argument or their wives' Jewish origin. In 1941 Dr. In his impressive address Professor Erhardt that the ordinary citizen must give loyalty to his Schroeder married a part-Jewish woman and left recalled the terrible happenings of the past and leadership and stand or fall by the success or the Nazi Party. Until the end of the war, all also dealt with the historic interrelations between failure of their policy. The court agreed that this recommendations for his military promotion were Jews and Germans throughout the centuries, as theory aptly described the situation in a totali­ turned down because he was considered " poli­ symbolised in the history of the reconsecrated tarian country based on the denial of law, as was tically unreliable ". Worms Synagogue. Hitler's Germany. But such an argument cannot E.G.L. be voiced, they held, in any State in the. world CHRISTIAN-JEWISH YOUTH GROUPS which based itself on the rule of law. turning SITE OF ESSEN SYNAGOGUE to the accused's argument that he had merely FOUNDED obeyed " superior orders", the court explained Exhibition Hall opened that the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators' Law, in Under the auspices of the Society for Jewish- The former principal Jewish synagogue in Essen keeping with the London Charter and Law Christian Co-operation youth groups were has been reopened as an exhibition hall. No. 10 of the Allied Control Council for Ger­ founded in Dusseldorf and Bielefeld. The The building, erected in 1913 and considered to many, does not recognise the defence of superior Diisseldorf group comprises both Christian and be one of the most beautiful synagogues in orders. Yet it does admit of this defence as a Jewish members. The Bielefeld group which Europe, was destroyed during the Nazi rdgime mitigating circumstance if the superior order was only consists of Christians because there are no and was rebuilt after the war. It was sold to the not manifestly unlawful and if the accused did young Jews in the town recently made an excur­ sion to Schwalenberg, near Detmold, to put the local municipality by the Jewish Trust Corpora­ his best to reduce the gravity of the offence. old Jewish cemetery of that place in order. tion ant} the small Jewish community in Essen The accused's orders, however, were manifestly now hold services in a new synagogue.—(J,C.) unlawful and he himself, after much evasion, At the opening ceremony on November 24th admitted that by carrying them out he knew he CONFERENCE ON JEWISH EDUCATION the Minister of Culture for Northrhine-West­ was contributing towards " one of the gravest phalia, Werner Schuetz, recalled the history of crimes in the history of humanity ". Furthermore, Jewish religious teachers from all parts of the the site and thanked the Jewish organisations for not only had he failed to do his best to reduce Federal Republic met in Cologne to discuss having consented to the new use of the building. the gravity of his offences, but, on the contrary, problems of Jewish education in Germany. The He expressed the hope that the happenings of the completely identified himself with the order to meeting was organised by the Central Council past would serve as a constant reminder to those exterminate the Jews, acting with stubborn deter­ of the Jews in Germany. who now took charge of the hall. mination and 'ourning fanaticism. It is quite clear that in carrying out his orders he exercised a good JEWS IN EAST GERMANY FRANKFURT CONTRIBUTES TO deal of initiative. In short, held the court, " the ANNE FRANK FOUNDATION accused closed his ears to the voice of conscience. In a front-page article in the " Jewish Com­ munal Bulletin" published in East Berlin, the The Frankfurt City Council is donating 20,000 He sank from one depth to another until, in Chief Rabbi of East Berlin, Dr. Martin Riesen­ marks fo the Intemational Youth Centre of the implementing the ' final solution ', he reached the Anne Frank Foundation at Amsterdam. The nethermost regions of hell". burger, calls on Jews to observe Chanucah. The joumal also contains an appeal to all city has already donated a considerable amount The verdict "' Guilty " has come as no surprise Jewish people the world over, and to " all men in this respect. —neither for the accused nor for the public. of good will" to do everything to prevent war Moreover, there is a noticeable lack of interest in and maintain peace. the personal fate of Eichmann. Israel's Prime TKere are altogether less than 1,500 Jews now Minister Ben-Gurion once said that it was not living in East Germany, including several hundred Your House for:— the trial's purpose to mete out punishment but to in East Berlin and smaller Jewish groups in other establish the truth. Whether Eichmann will be localities. The rabbi, who co-operated very CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO hanged, or not, is of no consequence. The court­ closely with the authorities, is apparently deter­ UPHOLSTERY room of the Bet Ha'am, so crowded during the mined to co-ordinate Jewish life and, according four months of the terrible evidence, was almost to reports, is calling a conference of representa­ spfc/Ai/ry empty when the verdict was handed down. Yet tives of Jewish communities in East Germany, the case will be heard once more by the Supreme to be held at the beginning of 1962. Court, because the Defence has lodged an appeal. The bulletin also carries a report about the CONTINENTAL DOWN Thus the Eichmann Trial, as far as the man goes, consecration of a memorial stone at the Schoen­ has not yet reached its final stage. As far as the hauser Allee Cemetery. Services in East Berlin QUILTS! wider aspects arc concerned. Israel has conducted are held in the " Friedenstempel" (Rykestrasse), a fair trial, on the background of the grim and A new communal house was opened in Karl- ALSO RE-MAKES ANO RE-COVERS fearful canvas of the Jewish catastrophe. Marx-Stadt (formerly Chemnitz). fsr/Aojrfs F«ff THE WEW HOMES BVILDIIVG SOCIETY. EAST TWICKENHAM DAWSON-LANE LIMITED POPejBroye 7402 17, BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Chairman : Anthony Marlowe, MP. Olrectori : J. Cowen. C.B.E., D, Schonlield F.A.L,P., M, Baron, Sir H Robwts, INVEST IN A SOCIETY DEVOTID SOLELY TO ASSIST OWNER OCCUPIERS. Telephone: ARN, 6671 INTEREST RATES FROM 41% TO 5}"/. (TAX PAID) Pefieeal •Itenlion of Mr, W. Schechmenn District Agents throughout U.K. AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA Mr. Ewen Montagu Re-elected DEATH OF SIR BASIL HENRIQUES IN PARLL\MENT The Hon. Ewen E. S. Montagu, Q.C., resumed Sir Basil Henriques passed away in London on Antisemitic Literature by Post the Presidency of the United Synagogue after December 2 at the age of 71. His signal services Mr. Julian Snow, in a question in the House having been unanimously re-elected. Mr. Mon­ for the welfare of youth were recalled in the of Commons, alleged that antisemitic literature tagu stated that since he had been " compelled great number of tributes paid to him in the emanating from the Continent of Europe was to resign" last July, anything he had done, national Press and on the B.B.C. For 32 years being imported by postal services and otherwise. including his acceptance of nomination, had been he was a member of the East London Juvenile He wanted to know what steps the Home motivated only by his feeling for Anglo-Jewry. Court. Together with his wife he founded the Secretary was taking to check this. Oxford and St. George's Jewish Settlement and Mr. Butler replied that a careful watch was Elkan Adler Memorial served as its warden for several decades. In the being kept on the distribution of literature of this type. On the information before him, he To mark the centenary of the birth of Elkan Jewish religious sphere Sir Basil took a prominent Adler, the bibliophile and author, a bay in the part in the work of the progressive movement. did not think that any further action was called for. library of Jews' College was dedicated by the His widow, Lady Henriques, is also a leading Chief Rabbi. A special fund for the purchase Jewish welfare worker who, throughout the years, Aliens and Refugees of books and for the publication of the annual has been also closely associated with the work Speaking during a debate in the House of Adler Memorial Lecture was established at the for German-Jewish refugees. She is a member of Commons on the aliens' regulations, Mr. Francis same time. the Building Committee for the Old Age Homes Noel-Baker said there were large numbers of Adler, a son of Chief Rabbi N. M. Adler, was jnd, in this capacity, closely co-operates with her refugees and other permanent residents in this a former pupil at Jews' College, and later became fellow Committee members from the AJR, who country who had been in Britain for many years. its Hon. Solicitor and a member of its Council. greatly benefit in their work from her widespread They proposed to remain in this country and to experience. We extend our sincerest sympathy to Links with Israel Lady Henriques on her bereavement. become naturalised but the procedure was long and cumbersome and very expensive. The constitution of the Bridge in Britain, set Mr. David Renton. Minister of State, Home up just over a year ago for the purpose of forging AJEX ON GERMANY Office, said that foreigners who had been accepted closer links between the youth of Israel and the for permanent residence were to be completely Diaspora, has been amended. It has been decided The Association of Jewish ex-Service Men and exempted from police registration.—(J.C.) to open the organisation to the general puljlic, Women has issued a statement reaflBrming its and a motion deleting the word " Jewish" from policy on Germany. BRITISH JEWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW the constitution was unanimously passed. The statement says that, accepting that much " The contribution of British Jews to Inter­ It was felt that many distinguished non-Jews has been accomplished in Western Germany to national Law " was the subject of the Presidential wanted to co-operate and that there were many create a democratic way of life, Ajex nevertheless Address given by Professor Norman Bentwich to eager to obtain scholarships to Israel. believes that much has still to be done before that the Jewish Historical Society of England, country can again take her full place in the comity Professor Bentwich said that, until the latter Immigration Laws of nations. It regards the effective elimination of part of the century, public international law was prominent ex-Nazis from German public life antl not greatly regarded in England, but on the Mr. David Davis, a member of the External positions of influence as a prerequisite of Ger­ Continent Jews very early distinguished them­ Affairs Committee of the Anglo-Jewish Associa­ many's redemption and. until this has been selves in this branch of law. Only five Jews in tion, at an A.J.A. brains trust said that the pro­ achieved, cannot consider Germany's intentions England had made a significant contribution and, posed restrictions on immigration from the Without suspicion. with the exception of one, they were all immi­ Commonwealth were especially worrying to Jews. grants. Professor Bentwich described Sir Hersch Any discrimination on the grounds of colour The emergence of Westem Germany as a Lauterpacht as " the greatest and most construc­ smacked of immorality. He agreed, however, that dominant military and industrial Power in Europe tive international jurist of his generation". He a control in immigration was fair, provide(i fust therefore, the statement goes on to say, be played a decisive part, as a member of the legislation was not intended to discriminate but to received with the greatest concem, and the pro- safeguard health and economic standards. yisi(5n of nuclear arms to that country, particularly British Government Committee on War Crimes, ^' the context of the present critical situation in in the preparation of the Nuremberg trial of Nazi turope, can only be considered as adding to the leaders and other war criminals. He drafted a Law Against Antisemitism ? risk of war. number of Articles for a Bill which became the A brains trust sponsored by the Centre Society basis, two years later, of the Universal Declara­ The Association has asked the Government on of the New West End Synagogue was asked tion of Human Rights, since adopted by the whether antisemitism should be an offence many occasions to use its maximum influence to United Nations. ^verse this policv. which it regards not only as punishable by law. The Hon. Ewen E. S. Mon­ immoral but also as highly imprudent.—(J.C.) PRESIDENT OF MEDICAL COUNCIL tagu felt that to make any expression of opinion an offence could lead to unforeseen results. He Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, who is Professor stressed that any manifestations which offendeij of Medicine at Liverpool University, has been MOSLEY NO ANTISEMITE against the ordinary law could be dealt with. elected President of the General Medical Council. Another speaker felt it would be difficult to define He is also a Governor of the Hebrew University Sir Oswald Mosley, leader of the Union antisemitism in an Act of Parliament. and President of the Liverpool Home for the Mr. George Bilainkin, the author and traveller, i^ovement, in a book " Mosley—Right or Aged. wrong ?" (Lion Books, 2s. 6d.), cross-examines felt, however, that there ought to be legislation "'mself and outlines his policies. BARONETCY FOR SIR BERNARD as, with the inevitability of an economic recession, WALEY-COHEN there was bound to be a great amount of active „"^ .condemns antisemitism as "stupid, as well and latent antisemitism in this country. Anr^''" ^^^ s!t\s: "I am not an antisemite. On his retirement as Lord Mayor of London, of 'r^mitism is hatred of all Jews on account the Queen conferred a baronetcy on Sir Bernard Young People and Judaism of if"^ '^^"^^" ^ attack some Jews on account Waley-Cohen. birth^" * they do . . . never on account of their The Rev. L. H. Hardman, minister of the of '• • ^'it, he goes on to talk about the power Hendon Synagogue, speaking on " The Ministry international finance " and " Jewish finance ". DEATH OF LEONARD G. MONTEFIORE As this issue was going to press it was and the Laity in Anglo-Jewry " at a meeting of hom ^^^^ours the policy of a Jewish national the Synagogue Council of the Zionist Federation, learned with the deepest regret that Mr. said that young people were being driven away AraK' ?*y'"8 't should be made clear to the Leonard G. Montefiore, O.B.E., had sud­ and they cannot cut two million Jewish throats from Orthodox Judaism—and even from Judaism I

aged, and a bomb shelter in the basement. It NEWS FROM ABROAD represents an exceptional effort on the part of the 1,300 Jews of Helsinki who are geographically JEWS IN RUSSIA NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF POLISH JEWS and linguistically isolated from the mainstream of Jewish life in Europe.—(J.C.) General David Dragunski, himself a Jew, stated The Fourth Conference of Polish Jews has been at a Press conference in Paris that there were held in Warsaw. It was sponsored by the Cul­ DISCRIMINATION IN VS.A. hundreds of Jewish generals and admirals in the tural and Social Union and was attended by Appearing before a sub-committee of the House Soviet Union. The General was in Paris as a more than 200 delegates from large and small Committee on Education and Labour Mr. Will representative of the War Veterans of Soviet communities from all over Poland with a mem­ Russia to visit the exhibition of the revolt of the bership of 40,000. The present and future Maslow, the Executive Director of the American Warsaw and other ghettoes against the Nazis. position of the Jewish community in Poland was Jewish Congress, cited studies which showed considered. there was continuing bias against Jews in The General said that there were a number of employment. Mr. Maslow said that while anti- Yiddish publications in the Soviet Union but Mr. Z. Sznek, the Deputy Minister for Home Jewish barriero that formerly existed in initial that they were published more for political Affairs in charge of the Department of National employment had been greatly reduced, "discrimi­ reasons than in answer to a real need. Jews in Minorities in Poland, declared that the Polish nation becomes more prevalent when promotional Russia preferred to read in Russian, just as Jews Government was determined to see to it that the and administrative posts open" and the Jewish in France preferred to read literature and news­ free development of Jewish cultural life and candidate was often passed over unless he pos- papers in French rather than Yiddish. institutions, including education, should go on ,sessed extraordinary abilities. The sub-commit­ He stated that few Jews wished to emigrate undisturbed. He assured the delegates that the Polish Government would fight against every tee, said Mr. Maslow, should recommend to Israel but, should someone wish to leave, he sislative action.—(J.C.) would not be held back. " For us, the Soviet appearance of discrimination and antisemitism. Union, where every inch of earth has drunk our It was their policy, he declared, to continue the AMERICAN NAZI FREE TO SPEAK blood, is our homeland. And, incidentally, why realisation of the principles of full equality for all citizens. The United States Supreme Court has upheld do the Jews of France, Belgium, America and a ruling of the New York Court of Appeals other Westem countries not go to Israel ? Just The main item of the conference agenda was permitting George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the as they have no inclination to exchange Paris for the task of binding still closer the life and activi­ American Nazi Party, to speak in Union Square, Haifa, or some other town in Israel, so Soviet ties of the Jewish minority in the country with New York. Mr. Wagner, Mayor of New York, Jews have no wish whatsoever to leave Moscow Socialist Poland. commenting on the decision, said it was not a or Leningrad for some kibbutz." The need to increase the " social consciousness good thing for the City of New York but that he He referred to the poet Yevtushenko and his of the Jewish man and woman and strengthen would have to abide by the ruling.—(J.C.) controversial poem " Babi-Yar." The very fact their effort and contribution to the new Poland " tha(t such a controversy was possible proved that was dealt with. Other subjects discussed included O.A.S. THREATENS PROFESSOR there was a hundred per. cent democracy in the the future of the Jewish cultural institutions such as the State Theatre, as well as the schools, news­ After Professor Georges Gurvitch had signed Soviet Union. a declaration on Algeria, together with Jean-Paul The General pointed out that for many years paper, and literary publications. Discussions were also held about the existence and (development of Sartre, Professor Schwartz, and other Left-wing the areas occupied by the Nazis in the Sfoviet French intellectuals, he received a threatening Union were under the influence of strong anti- the Jewish Artisan Co-operatives, future work of Ort, and the training of adults, especially among letter from the French Secret Army Organisation Semitic propaganda, which had its effect. The (O.A.S.), couched in vicious anti-Semitic terms- remnants of that influence were being li(}uidaited. the Jews repatriated from the U.S.S.R. There are active and flourishing Jewish M. Gurvitch, Professor of Sociology at the Sor­ He said the Soviet Union had a brotherly bonne. was accused of being a " newly baked sympathy for Israel but it was saddening that organisations in Warsaw, Lodz, Wroclaw (Breslau), Lignice (Liegnitz), Cracow, Szczezin (Stettin), Frenchman and a wandering Jew, who has no Israel was becoming a base for aggressive forces. right to interfere in our affairs ". Mr. Alexei Adzhubei, editor of Izvesiia, on his Bialystok and in more than 20 other localities.— departure from New York for Moscow, was asked (J.C) Seventy sociologists and research workers, corn- to comment on the recent arrests of Leningrad prising almost all those active in this field i" TREBLINKA MONUMENT Paris, and students of the Sorbonne, have sent Jews." letters expressing full sympathy for and solidarity " People commit crimes in all countries—in The Chairman of the Polish Jewish Central with Professor Gurvitch. They stated that the Russia and also in America," he said. It had Committee, Mr. Salo Fishgrund, and Dr. F. Professor's work was part of the heritage of nothing to do with any special policy against Duszenko, lecturer of the Arts Academy in French sociology and as such contributed to the Jews. Soviet Jews formed part of the Soviet Gdansk, stated at a Press conference held by ra(liance of French culture in the world.—(JC.) nation and were treated in the same way as any­ the Swedish Section of the World Jewish Con­ one else. Those who had been arrested wore ITALIAN FASCISTS individuals who had committed crimes. This did gress in Stockholm, that the Polish Govemment is not entail any special Soviet attitude towards to erect a monument at Treblinka to 800,000 Italian Right-wing racial prejudice has been Jews. persons murdered by Nazis in the concentration incited by the murder of the 13 Italian airmen camp. in the Congo. The Jewish Chronicle, reporting on the two Swedish west-coast granite, of the same type In a Jewish district in Rome a group of youths interviews above, states that these denials of anti- as that of the Warsaw Ghetto monument, will of the Giovane Italia movement assaulted an Semitic tendencies in Russia are more or less in be used. The granite was ordered originally by American Negro, gave the fascist salute, and line with official Soviet propaganda. The pajjer Hitler for a victory monument. Dr. Duszenko, shouted: " Out with the Negroes and the Jews, draws attention to the fact that, during the liqui­ a non-Jew, is the sculptor.—(J.C.) dation of Jewish culture by Stalin and the execu­ Following the incident the Union of Italian tion of a large number of Jewish writers, Soviet Jewish Communities issued a statement saying: visitors abroad flatly denied any knowledge of IMMIGRATION INTO AUSTRALIA " Italian Jews moum the 13 Italians murdered while carrying out a mission of human solidarity, anti-Jewish activities, such reports being The annual conference of the Executive denounced as deUbexate anti-Russian propaganda deplore all forms of racialism, and advocate the Council of Australian Jewry at Sydney, discussed co-operation of all governments to guarantee the in words almost similar to those now used by the problem of financing Jewish immigration, General Dragunski and Mr. Adzhubei. General peace and security of peoples everywhere.' •" especially after Claims Conference Funds ceased in (J.C.) Dragunski, says the article, has obviously pre­ two years' time. There were about 2,000 holders ferred to ignore the fact that there are thousands ROME MEMORIAL of applications from Russian Jews pleading in of permits in Eastern Europe awaiting clearance vain for permission to join their families in Israel, and transport to Australia. A wide range of A memorial dedicated by the " Rome Federa­ other matters affecting Jews in Australia was tion of the National Association of Former also discussed. Deportees to Nazi Camps", to all victims oj ARRESTS IN MOSCOW It was stated that more than 1.000 immigrants deportation, irrespective of religious or poHticai came to Australia during the year ending August. affiliations, was unveiled at the Verano Cemeterx Reports have appeared to the effect that three 1961, and had registered with Jewish welfare in Rome on the 18th anniversary of the first Naz leaders of the Moscow Jewish community have societies. Immigrants included Jews from Western raid on the Ghetto in Rome. been tried and sentenced to long terms of Europe. Hungary, Poland, Rumania. Egypt, China The memorial shows a wall at the Mauthausen imprisonment. It is stated that the principal Indonesia. Israel, and the U.K. Some came from defendant was Mr. Wolf Yossifovitz Ryszal, aged concentration camp with an urn containing tne the U.S,S.R. Reports showed that integration of ashes of Nazi victims. 60, who is referred to as a popular figure among the newcomers was successful and they were Russian Jews in Moscow and throughout the living a thriving communal life.—(J.C.) TURKISH ANTISEMITISM Soviet Union. The Jewish community in Turkey is concerned Tass commentator, Igor Orlov, confirmed that HELSINKI'S JEWS at the antisemitic campaign being conducted oy two men (Ryszal and Goldman) were found guilty a number of Turkish newspapers. , of espionage on behalf of a foreign embassy at A new community centre has been built A magazine has published an article violently a trial held in camera in Moscow in October. bv the small Jewish communitv of Helsinki. attacking Jews and other minorities for vo'jPf Cold-war propagandists, he states, seized on the The centre cost $345,000 and was built with the against the Republican People's Party in tne fact that the officials concemed, who had been help of a long-term loan of $45,000 from the recent elections, and a newspaper has started expelled from the Soviet Union, came from the American Joint Distribution Committee. Other series of articles on "Zionist Plans to Conquer Israeli Embassy, and had involved persons of funds were raised locally, including a Govem­ the world," The notorious antisemite, Atiihan. Jewish nationality in their activities. This became ment subvention of $15,000. The land was a has written a book depicting Jews as the wors the basis for allegations about "a wave of anti- gift from the municipality of Helsinki. enemy of the Moslems, This anti-Jewish P^OP^J Jewish victimisation". writes Orlov. Far from The centre brings together under one roof the ganda is widely distributed in Turkey's rura' being " Jewish leaders", the Soviet citizens con­ various communal activities, and includes a areas. The Chief Rabbinate is expected to aSK cerned did not represent anything or anybody, he kindergarten, a nine-room school, community the Turkish authorities to stop the campaign.-" declares. oflfjces, meeting rooms, a mikva, a flat for the (J.C.) AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 Page 5 if alter Gyssling (Zuerich) Old Acquaintances ANTISEMITISM ON TRIAL Twice Unlucky: When Luise Rainer appeared |n Elisabeth von Castonier's " Sardinennscher" in Berlin, she became a star overnight, but her Zuerich World Premiere of Max Frisch's "Andorra" career was cut short by the Nazis. In spite of two " Oscars" for her performances in " Thc Great Ziegfield" and "The Good Earth", La Max Frisch, who with Friedrich Duerrenmatt is they make him feel his alleged difference for so Rainer never got a chance again in Hollywood. the most important contemporary writer in Swit- long that in the end he believes in it himself, Now, 25 years later, she is happily married to zerlaiid, has turned once more to the stage after grows into the part for which he has been cast publisher Robert Knittel in London. Fritz devoting a fairly long period to novel writing. and is proud of the character he has assumed. Kortner remembered her and «gned her on for And he has come forward with his first big, new In the diary version of 1946 Andrin is horribly his Munich production of " The Cherry Orchard." problem piece, " Andorra ". For he has himself murdered as a Jew during an invasion by the But her come-back is off because she was one of confessed that he only wrote " Biedermann und wicked black neighbours into peaceful, white the 43 passengers on a flight from Munich to die Brandstifter " for practice, as " an attempt to Andorra, this " epitome of all that is just, free London who " hit the ceiling " when their 'plane be more concrete on the stage, more concerned and humane ", as its intellectual officials term it. plunged 3,000 feet, and she was hospitalised.— with things, removing the reflective element Afterwards it transpires that he was not a Jew at Elisabeth Bergner, who has not been seen on thc [n favour of the theatrical manifestation". all, but a foundling of indubitable Andorran English stage since she appeared in Mohfere's Andorra", however, described as a " play in origin. And of course the painful matter is " Eingebildeter Kranker" in London over ten '5 pictures", is a work long enough to fill an duly hushed up. In the drama also we have the years ago, went to the States to star in " First evening, the plot of which Frisch had been invasion by the wicked neighbours and Andrin's Love". After a successful first night in New turning over in his mind for a long time. As murder following on his identification as a Jew Haven, she withdrew from the cast for health ^rly as April, 1946, he jotted down in his diary, by the invading country's " Judenbeschauer ", but reasons. So Lilli Darvas, Molnar's widow, will and since published under the title "The Jew of his non-Jewishness has already been discovered. appear in Bergner's part when " First Love" Andorra ", an idea which had occurred to him in Andrin and the daughter of the teacher who reaches Broadway. a cafe in Zuerich shortly after he had made his brought him up love each other, but the teacher first journey through post-war Germany. Although refused him the hand of his daughter, as he Milestones: Jan van Loewen, the Continental the diary reveals how much Frisch was concerned knows that Andrin is her half-brother and his agent of many famous authors, celebrated his at the time with psychological questions, particu­ natural son by a wife from the wicked border 60th birthday in London. After having studied in larly to what extent we are. and become, what country. He was ashamed that his countrymen Heidelberg, Munich, Paris and Oxford, he others constantly declare us to be, that is, the should know that he had had a child by a appeared in " Die Schmiede" in Berlin in 1926, luestion of the magic sorcery of the word, it is " foreigner from over there" and had therefore and helped to pave the way for Coward, certainly no accident, and scarcely unconnected invented the story of the Jewish child saved from Maugham and O'Neill on the German stage. He with that first German trip, that Frisch chooses persecution. A visit from Andrin's mother per­ changed his profession to become a successful antisemitism as subject-matter for a concrete suades him to make the truth known, but no one opera singer, but he returned to his first love exploration of this problem. believes it. not even Andrin himself, who has when he met Cocteau in Paris. In 1937 van identified himself for years with the fate he has Loewen arrived in London and worked for the Gentile Treated as Jew been talked into. The truth comes too late and B.B.C. during the war. He introduced Sartre to the English public, and is now the agent for . In " Andorra", which is. of course, an the catastrophe cannot be prevented. The Andorrans stone Andrin's mother as a wicked Graham Greene and Anouilh, and many Con­ imaginary realm and not the existing diminutive tinental writers.—Maria Ivoguen. born in Buda­ state in the Pyrenees, there lives a young man foreigner from over the border, Andrin is murdered by the invading warriors from his pest and introduced to the Munich opera public whom all believe to be a Jew, He has been by Bruno Walter, is 70 years of age. She teaches ••escued from a bordering country in which mother's homeland, the teacher hangs himself in despair. His daughter is the only one who tries at the Berlin Academy of Music; Elisabeth terrible persecutions of Jews are taking place, by Schwartzkopf is one of her many pupils. a teacher who brings up the child in his own to save Andrin by giving herself to a soldier : tamily. At first no harm comes to him, yet not her hair is shorn because she is a " Judenhure " Neics from Everywhere: Old-timer Harry Piel much love either ; the Andorrans know he is a and she becomes mad. The shattered heap of has emigrated to South America, to join his son jew and, concluding that he must be different human fragments is there, but of course no one there.—Maria Fein, back from the States, has irom themselves, they tell him so again and again, wants to bear the responsibility for it afterwards. appeared in " Mrs. Warren's Profession " in Basle. "ot unkindly or harshly, until the belief is —^The late H. I. Rehfisch's " Verrat in Rome " rammed home. Since Jews are supposed to be Effective Stagecraft was produced in Leipzig and received high praise unfeeling", they naturally tell young Andrin there.—-Imo Moszkowicz, a pupil of Gruendgen, that as a Jew he can never have any feelings, Frisch adopts one of the most effective tricks is directing the new Ruehmann film, " Max dcr yn the other hand, they praise his sharpness of of the non-illusionist theatre by continually Taschendieb". He survived the Nazi regime intellect as being " typically Jewish " and believe arresting time, as it were, and making the various underground in Germany.—In London Marcel '•J?t, since he is a Jew, he must look at every­ Andorrans appear before an imaginary judges' Hellman's daughter. Renee, has edited " Celebrity thing from the standpoint of money. In short. bench to present their confessions and their Cooking for You ", with 280 recipes by famous excuses. At the end of each scene, as the stage personalities, for charity.—Leon Askiu, who grows dark, someone comes forward from the retumed from Hollywood, directed " A Taste of left towar(ls the footlights, always someone who Honey " in Munich.—^The film rights of " Your has pushed Andrin a step nearer his catastrophic Obedient Servant", based on an idea by Dorothea end, with the assurance that he meant everything Gotfurt. have been sold to Associate(l British,— Ackermans for the best, had never done anything wrong, had Tilla Durieux has become a member of Berlin's not been an accomplice in his death, had always Academy of Arts. disliked outrages, had never behaved like the rest Obituary: Richard Weicher who, as director and was, at any rate, innocent. Even the soldier, of the theatre in Frankfurt, paved the way for who was Andrin's rival and admits that he had Fritz von Unruh and many other playwrights and Chocolates never liked him, declares himself to be innocent; actors in the 'twenties, has died in Frankfurt at he had only carried out orders and thus done his the age of 81.—Willie Stettner has died in Ham­ De Luxe duty as a soldier. All the types of human burg, his birthplace, at the age of 66. Before behaviour which helped to let loose the great 1933 he appeared as the buffoon in many 'N BEAUTIFULLY tragedy in Andorra, and in Europe between 1933 operettas. JJe survived the Nazis in Zurich, DESIGNED and 1945, hatred, egoism, credulity, cowardice, where he was a member of Berhardt Theatre.— thoughtless indifference and sheer unkindncss, are PRESENTATION The former conductor of Hamburg's Opera, sharply profiled and given concrete dramatic shape Werner Wolff, has died in Switzerland at the age BOXES in the separate figures of Frisch's play. of 78.—Wilhelm Schulze. a former Ullstein The Zuerich Playhouse, the most important, employee and editor of " Morgenpost" after the and sometimes the only home of the free theatre war, has died in Berlin, aged 65. MARZIPAN in the whole of German-speaking territory between 1938 and 1945, was the perfect place for Austria: Curt Bois has received the German SPEaAUTIES the premifere of this work, this accusation not Great Cross of Merit. He has lately appeared in only of antisemitism, but of the inhumanity of Moliere's " Scapins Schelmenstreiche " at Vienna's the all-too-human, the little everyday acts of Josefstadt.—The former film director, Willi Forst, BAUMKUCHEN has been awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour cowardice and hypocrisy. The production by for Art and Science.—" Jedermann ", produced in Kurt Hirschfeld iJid the play justice in all its Salzburg by Gottfried Reinhardt, has been filmed <3, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., phases, and an outstanding trio of actors, Peter and shown in Vienna.—A memorial tablet has LONDON, W.8 Brogle, Emst Schroeder and Kathrin Schmid, been affixed to the house where Stefan Zweig was WES. 4359 and played the parts of Andrin. the teacher and his born 80 years ago.—Robert Stolz, recently back daughter. The play was enthusiastically received from a concert tour of Munich, Copenhagen, », GOLDHURST TERRACE, by the public, because that is good form Antwerp and Amsterdam, is working on a new FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6 nowadays: after all. one " was always against horrors of every kind" and one knows that a operetta, " Die Trauminsel ".—Robert Jungk. now MAI 2742 tragedy of this kind can fortunately only occur living in Vienna, received the Citv of Lidge's in Andorra, but not here. Or perhaps . . . ? International Peace Prize. PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION January, 1962

original title of his first chapter, " Der Ruf des fremden Vogels ". The Spiers were fairly Ortho­ MEMOIRS BY TWO GERMAN JEWS dox, eating kosher food, but their shop was not closed on Saturdays. The reader of "Vor 1914" gets an idea of the author's piety even before A SERVANT TO JEWRY German authors; by the teachings of German opening the book, as its cover, done after sonie scholars and scientists." old print, shows Frankfurt's Central Synagogue in ^ Martin Rosenblutfa's Reminiscences The second part of the book records some high­ Allerheiligenstrasse, which many emigrants remein- lights of the fifty-one years (from .1910-61) Martin Martin Rosenbluth's reminiscences* form a Rosenbluth spent in the service of the World ber so well. Spier received his first education in desirable and valuable first-hand contribution to Zionist Movement in Central Europe, Copenhagen, a school later to be called after its founder, the knowledge of former German Jewry and of since 1933 in London and since 1940 in New York. Samson Raphael Hirsch, a strictly Orthodox the services rendered by German Jews to the Rosenbluth personifies what another author establishment. It was a gloomy place, where Zionist world movement. The first half of the (Richard Lichtheim, Die Gescliichte des Deutschen incompetent masters would often flog their little book is devoted to the early years the author Zionismus, Jerusalem. 1954, p. 9) has singled out victims. spent at Messingwerk, near Eberswalde, north of as the characteristic contribution of German Jews The Goethe Gynmasium Berlin. Martin Rosenbluth's father, as the to the Zionist cause, viz. sense of organisation and numerous friends of the Rosenblueth clan will discipline. Its importance is perhaps less obvious When he was twelve years old he was recall, was an executive of the metal firm of Aron than spectacular, dramatic propaganda successes. transferred to a Grammar School, the Goethe Hirsch und Sohn, Halberstadt, which had acquired But without the most intimate co-operation Gymnasium, a stately building in the western part Messingwerk from the Prussian Crown in 1863. between forceful propagandists and patient of the city, a so-called Reformgymnasium where A small, but vigorous Jewish community administrators, the dream could never have Latin was no longer the first foreign language to developed, with Gustav Hirsch, the factory become stable reality. Only insiders will ever be taught, but followed French in the fourth year director, serving as the Hazan in the Shool. realise the efforts invested by Dr. Rosenbluth of the curriculum. It was 1905 when Spier and I Services were according to the Hildesheimer since the proclamation of the State of Israel in became proud pupils in that school, he entering a brand of Jewish Orthodoxy. 1948, in establishing and maintaining the name of form called U III, while I was a mere " Quin- the State as a good credit risk inside the Wall taner ". We did not have the same masters, but Street community of bankers and financiers. even so, Spier's description of conditions in our Jewish Orthodoxy and Gemian Culture school was of great interest to me, as it must be It is gratifying to know that his achievements to all those who survived the First World War The German classical authors were given equal were appreciated by the Israel Government which and like to remember a now distant past. Once a weight in the upbringing of the Rosenblueth granted citizenship to Dr. and Mrs. Rosenbluth year our headmaster read out the names of the children. The political outlook was " kaiser- even though they were neither bom in the country boys who moved up to a higher form, and as treu ". One of the author's brothers was killed nor have ever lived within its borders except for he came from the far North of Germany, he in service during the First World War. About short periods as visitors. pronounced Spier's name like the English word the tum of the century, the late Lazarus Barth, Enlivened by Anecdotes spear, which gave us Frankfurters great amuse­ a kinsman of the Hirsch family, and an ardent ment. proponent of the Zionist credo, was transferred to Messingwerk. However, Martin Rosenbluth's Dr. Rosenbluth's narrative is enlivened by Spier's last chapter, " Das Vaterland", has a conversion was achieved only later, during his numerous anecdotes, as a charming raconteur of more general appeal. Deeply interested in history university years in Berlin, by the late Professor which he commands a deserved reputation among and politics, the author here deals with the Eugen Taeubler. " German Zionists," Taeubler his friends and admirers. He could, no doubt, problematic position of a young Jew in a said, "need never regret the influence of their have easily doubled the space allotted to him, by Christian state and society. Those school-leavers upbringing and their education. Their finest filling in worthwhile details. For instance: the who did not enter business could as a rule only thoughts, their dreams, their imaginations would last phase of Messingwerk (after he had left the choose between law and medicine as a career. always be deeply influenced by their heritage of place) witnessed the establishment of a Hachshara Spier chose the former, but his book stops short German childhood songs and fairy tales; by the (retraining) centre for Halutzim. before he went to the university. His book is a remembrance of German hills and forests, fields While in New York, Dr. Rosenbluth co-operated " must" for all Frankfurters, but so great are his and flowers ; by the beautiful music of German with the German-Jewish Representative Commit­ literary skill, his learning and his humour that it composers and the immortal writings of the great tee of the World Jewish Congress. He has also can be warmly recommended also to those in or been a member of the Board of Directors of the from other parts of Germany, and to Jews and * Martin Rosenbluib : Go Forth and Scrre. Early Years American Federation of Jews from Central Gentiles alike. W. MOREL. and Public Life, Herzl Press, New York, 1961. 318pp. Europe, Inc. since its inception. He has devotedly and ably served both the Zionist cause and the collective interests of the German Jews. May he be blessed with many more years to witness and KELLERGEIST enjoy the fruition of his labour. ADVISES A.J.R. READERS DR. H. G. REISSNER. FRANKFURT BEFORE THE HRST WAR This delightful little book* is by a lawyer who left his home-town Frankfurt early in 1936 and settled in what was then Palestine. While living at Ramot Hashavim it occurred to him that his children, born over there, should know something about their father's past, his family background and his education. So he wrote these chapters about his childhood, the town, the family, reli­ gion, schooling and fatherland. They are followed by copious notes on personalities mentioned in the text, institutions and some Hebrew words. THE LUTON Spier was the son of a prosperous businessman, whose shoe-shop was well known in old Frankfurt as " der Schuh-Spier", Neither his father nor his mother was born at Frankfurt, both had KNITTING moved to that centre towards the end of the last century, as did many other Jews from villages or smaller towns. Like so many of their fellow- COMPANY Choose Hallgarten— Jews, the family lived in the east end of the town, near the Zoological Garden, and the little boy could hear from his nursery the notes of the LTD. Choose Fine Wines exotic birds kept in that menagerie. Hence the * Selmar Spier. Vor 1914. Erinnemnien an Frankfort, Manufocturers of Jersey Cloth Ask for tktm by name! xeschriebcn In Israel. Frankfurt a.M. 1961. Verlag Waldemar Kramer. DM. 6.80. and Knitted Headwear If you have any difficulty in finding Wholesale only HALLGARTEN wines, wrile to us for assistance 664-668 DUNSTABLE ROAD, Wir kaulen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, LUTON, BEDFORDSHIRE S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN Autographen und moderne Graphik 1, Crutchad Friars, London, E.C.3 Direktor: Dr. Josaph Suschitzky Tel.: Luton 52516/7 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON. N.W.8 =^=Telephone: MAI. 3030=s:^= AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 Page 7

medical school at the university. The majority of the general practitioners and specialists present FROM THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCENE were Afrikaans-speaking but, irrespective of their political opinions, they were united in their dislike Verwoerd Alarms Conununity right of Jewish citizens to support whichever of discrimination on the grounds of creed in tbe parties they wished. " The Prime Minister has appointment of staff.—(J.C.) Dr. Verwoerd's attack on the Jews has sent a appealed to all to keep the country free from ripple of fear through the Jewish community in antisemitism, as it has been for more than a Relationship with Israel South Africa. Jews have suddenly been given decade. We trust his appeal will be heeded and new grounds for anxiety. Mr. Eric Louw, the South African Foreign hope that as the basic issues have now been Minister, accused Israel of " hostility and Following the South African Government's clarified, this controversy will be allowed to end," ingratitude " for having supported the Afro-Asian reaction to Israel's voting for the censure motion Dr. Schneider said. censure of South Africa at the United Nations. against South Africa at the United Nations The " Rand Daily Mail," criticising Dr. Israel joined 66 other delegations in supporting fecently, a well-known Jewish professional man Schneider's statement, referred to it as " wishy- a Liberian resolution censuring the South African in Cape Town, Mr. Sydney East, wrote a letter to washy ", saying that it " seeks to placate at all delegate's speech. Not a single U.N. delegation Dr. Verwoerd. He enclosed a cutting of a letter costs a policy which Jews, of all people, should supported South Africa. he had sent to newspapers criticising Israel's know does not pay. It is true that Dr. Verwoerd The South African Government deeply resents stand. has tried to overtake his indiscretions—not, mark the fact that Israel and Holland—two countries Dr. Verwoerd replied, saying that Israel's you, in a public statement to the Jewish commu­ which it had regarded as friendly—openly attitude at the U.N. was a tragedy for South nity, but in an off-the-cuff speech at a National opposed South African internal policy, instead African Jewry, and that the fact that so many Party executive meeting. For this favour the of abstaining as did the British and U.S.A. Jews had voted for the Progressive Party in the Board of Deputies practically swoons with grati­ delegations. General Election of October 18 and so few for tude. Thank goodness for the Jewish Press here— In a broadcast from New York, Mr. Louw Govemment candidates " did not pass unnoticed." its voice, at least, has been clear and courageous." recalled that the South African Govemment and The reaction in some circles was that Dr. individual members of the Cabinet had in the Verwoerd had issued an implied threat to the " Conscience Clause " past gone out of their way to foster good South African Jewish community. The Israeli relations with Israel, and that the Ministry of Press, in editorial notes, called on South African A statement by the S.outh African Jewish Board Finance had granted special facilities for the Jews to heed the waming light. One paper stated : of Deputies asks public opinion in South Africa transfer of large sums of money to Israel by ' Jews of South Africa must understand that to take note of resolutions adopted by the Synod South African Jews. He said he was sure thai racialism is indivisible." of the Cape Nederduitse Gereforemeerde Kerke. " South Africans who had racial or religious ties The resolutions call for the removal of the with Israel would disapprove of the hostile and In a speech later. Dr. Verwoerd attacked Israel " Conscience Clause " at all South African univer­ ungrateful action of the Israeli delegation at the again, this time for voting against South Africa sities and the appointment of Protestant teachers. United Nations ". m the sanctions debate at the U.N., and he The Board says the resolutions are of great As a result of the sharp criticism of Israel's added : " What is the value of the so-called threat concern, not only to the Jewish community. To attitude, a storm of controversy has broken out contained in the letter ? If I want to threaten deny any person the right to teach in a State amongst the South African Jewish community. the Jews of South Africa, I will not do it privately. school on the ground of religious belief is a denial Official resolutions have been passed condemning I will threaten all of them." of freedom of conscience and also an infringe­ Israel's action, although it is difficult to know The South .African Jewish Board of Deputies has ment of the rights of citizenship. whether or not these resolutions reflect Jewish Unanimously approved a statement by its Chair- A general meeting of the Bloemfontein branch public opinion. ijan. Dr. Teddy Schneider, welcoming the of the Medical Association of South Africa, South African inhabitants of Dutch origin have clarification of his letter by Dr. Verwoerd at a attended by 50 doctors, decided that the removal also condemned the stand taken by the Nether­ Nationahst Party executive meeting. Dr. Schneider, of the " Conscience Clause " from the constitution lands delegation. They adopted a resolution said the Premier's statement dispelled the disquiet of the Orange Free State University in Bloem­ condemning Holland for supporting the Afro- caused by the letter and reaffirmed the democratic fontein, would not help in the establishment of a Asian anti-apartheid motion.—(J.C,)

Fonds zur Abgeltung von Vermoegensverlusten politisch The new HIGH in girdles Verfolgter. Wien II. Taborstrasse Nr. 2-6 Der Fonds zahlt im Rahmen seiner Statuten, welche am 2. Juli 1961 im Amtsblatt zur Wiener Zeitung veroeffentlicht wurden, Entschaedigungen fuer konfiszierte Guthaben auf Bankkonten, fuer Wertpapiere, Bargeld und Hypothekai^orderungen imd fuer die Entrichtung der Judenvermoegensabgabe und Reichs­ fluchtsteuer. Andere Vermoegensverluste koennen nicht beruecksichtigt werden. Xtra-Hi Formulare fuer Antragsberechtigte in Gross-Britannien sind bei der Oesterreichischen Botschaft, 18 Belgrave Mews, London, S.W.l, oder beim Austrian Desk der United Restitu­ tion Organisation 183/189 Finchley Road. London, N.W.3. zu erhalten. Alle Interessenten werden gebeten ihre Antraege moeglichst ^Smcu^ bald zu ueberreichen, da der Fonds. abgesehen von Zahlungen an Personen, die das 70. Lebensjahr vor dem 31. August 1962 erreicht haben werden. erst leisten kann, wenn alle Antraege bearbeitet wurden. Wer seinen Antrag verspaetet ueberreicht, verzoegert die Auszahlung an sich imd an alle anderen Antragsteller. We Anmeldefrist ^det am 31. August 1962. Sie wird auf keinen Fall verlaengert werden. Antraege. die nach dem 31. August 1962 einlangen werden, CoTMts SiUMitIt* Ud.. (4 lalkcr Itrni. landotL. W.l koennen nicht mehr beruecksichtigt werden. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 / Herbert Freeden NEWS FROM AUSTRIA

IHE NAZI-HUNTERS OF LUDWIGSBURG rOn thLT^''/^.^IT^,"-!^e night of November 22nd, 40 tombstone™ s of the Innsbruck Jewish cemetery were turned " Excuse me. Sir, how can I get to the Oberstaatsanwalt Schuele himself takes charge of over and smeared with odal runes, the Austrian prison ?" J inquired from a passer-by at Ludwigs­ the actual arrests when the culprit in question neo-Nazi symbol; it is assumed that the action burg. the little township near Stuttgart, with its is a " big shot"—and there are many, living was carried out by a well-organised band of beautiful palace and lovely gardens, the erst­ under false names, who are now respected citizens, terrorists. The day after, the Cantor of the com­ while residence of the Dukes of Wurttemberg. even in leading economic positions. munity received an anonymous 'phone call The man stared at me, but directed me expertly. Altogether there are 291 cases pending, in dif­ announcing that the Synagogue would be blown Everyone in Ludwigsburg knows the district ferent stages of preparation, involving thousands up. The Tyrol Regional Government has prison. of people. The Auschwitz trial alone has a list promised an award of oesterr. S.50,000 for any It is a rule with prisons that it is easier to get of 950 accused, of whom so far only 27 are information which might help to trace the culprits. in than to get out. Not so in Ludwigsburg. I had under arrest. Forty of those proceedings cover Protest demonstrations against the desecration to prove my appointment with State Attorney concentration camps, 81 " Einsatzgruppen ", 67 the were held by the Free Students' Group and by Schuele, and when 1 passed a complicated system " Generalgouvemment", 153 the former Reichs- Catholic and Protestant youth organisations. of gates and controls, one of his assistants came gebiet, 29 other countries, and 19 are special cases, The Council of Jews from Austria in Great to take me up to the administration wing, where among them crimes committed during the " Kris­ Britain, in a protest resolution, said: " It is a the "Centre for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes " tallnacht ". In two years' time, so State Attorney painful thought for the surviving victims of Nazi has its spacious offices. Schuele hopes, the Centre will have completed persecution from Austria that their dead are not Oberstaatsanwalt Schuele, a tall and lean figure, its task. allowed to rest in peace." The resolution was with greyish hair, and the air of an army officer, Naturally, our talk turns to the ever-recurring submitted to the Austrian Minister of the Interior, came to greet me. His name is feared and hated question of how many Germans were more or Herr Afritsch. among the Nazis in Germany, those who have less active accomplices in the mass murder, and In an interview with Herr Afritsch, a delegation gone into hiding and shed their identity, and the the figure of 80,000 is brought forward as the of the Vienna Jewish Community Council others who just hope that their crimes will remain nearest approximation. When I raise the subject expressed the concern of Austrian Jewry following anonymous. of the activities of the German army in Poland the latest series of neo-Nazi and antisemitic This Centre is unprecedented in Germany's and Russia, the Oberstaatsanwalt rings for his incidents in Austria. The Minister stated, in a legal practice and history. When, four years ago, secretary and asks for a certain file. Instead of communique issued after the talks, that " the at the great Nazi trial in Ulm, it transpired that answering, he takes out copies of two letters security forces had been instructed to use the many of the crimes committed outside Germany —one written by General Ulex. Commander of most stringent measures to restrain persons and had gone unpunished, a Conference of the Minis­ the Infantry in Sector South of the Eastern Front, organisations interfering with the rule of law and ters of Justice of the German Lander decided in to the Commander-in-Chief East. General Blasko- democratic order, prejudicing the relations between 1958 to unify all investigations under one witz, and the other one by General Blaskowitz citizens and damaging Austria's national standing." authority, and this Centre was set up and charged addressed to Hitler. to enquire what happened in the countries under S.D.-OFFICER ACQUITTED German occupation and to search for the guilty. States General Ulex : " The acts of violence Once they were identified and arrested, the Centre on the part of the police forces . . . show an A Vienna jury acquitted and discharged Josef was to hand them over to the competent German incomprehensible lack of human and moral feel­ Hoeblinger, accused of being an accessory in the courts. ing, and bear the mark of bestiality ... the only killing of hundreds of Jews who were rounded remedy to this undignified situation which defiles up during the last days of the war and mowed When State Attorney Schuele showed me round the honour of the German people is the transfer down by machine-gun fire in a deserted valley in his offices and introduced me to his team of of all police forces, including all superiors and Lower Austria. The paper Neues Oeslerreich young and keen collaborators—attorneys, each of all civic authorities at the Generalgouvernment, describes the acquittal as " incomprehensible " in Ihem responsible for a certain area—I had the who for months now have been onlookers of view of the facts which had been verified during impression of being at army headquarters ; and. those ghastly crimes; their places are to be taken the proceedings, A strong protest against the indeed, here an unrelenting war is being waged by honourable units ". judgment was also published in the organ of the against the known and unknown set of Nazi Four days later General Blaskowitz reports to Vienna Jewish Community, Die Gemeinde. criminals. Each room is dominated by a huge the Fuhrer about the killing of 10,000 Jews : "The wall-map, demarcating the area of inquiry. All AUSTRIAN NEO-NAZIS ARRESTED acts of violence committed in such an area fall worst damage which is being afflicted to the within the competence of one investigation unit. German people by crimes like this Is an immeasur­ Guenther Schweinberger, who is regarded as a Special units have been assigned to the concentra­ able infection with brutality and moral depravity, key figure in the Austrian Nazi underground tion camps—Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Ravens­ which may soon spread like an epidemic. . . . movement, gave himself up to the police, after bruck, Sachsenhausen. Others cover the former With high authorities of thc S.S, and police his girl friend, also a neo-Nazi, had been arrested territories of the special S.S. commandos encouraging violence and terror, and even prais­ a few days before. Proceedings have been opened (" Einsatztruppen") in Estonia, Minsk, Latvia, ing them publicly, the beast will reign in no time. against him. Investigations in the activities of and Lithuania, and of the extermination camps People of doubtful character, whose minds are secret extreme right-wing organisations have so at the " Generalgouvemment" Poland ; others diseased, flock together, a* is happening here in far resulted in the detention of ten leading neo- cover the domain of the Security Police in Poland, and let their animal and pathological Nazis. instincts run amok. . . ." He added that the Cracow and Warsaw and those areas which at SYNAGOGUE MEMORIAL CONSECRATED one time were incorporated in the " Reich"— army was shocked and disgusted. " Its attitude Bialystok, Lodz, and the eastern provinces of to the S.S. and police is one of aversion and On the 23rd anniversary of the November Germany during the war, A special department horror ". pogroms, a memorial plaque was consecrated at deals with other countries, such as Bulgaria, Den­ the site of the former " Storchentempel" iu mark, France, Greece, and Italy. NAZI DOCTORS ON TRIAL Vienna. The Centre's task is to collect all obtainable Three former doctors at the Nazi concentration CONFERENCE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES material, to sift and evaluate it, and to present camp at Sachsenhausen are on trial at Munster. At a Conference of the Federation of Jewish the indictments, clearly defined as to place, time, They are Drs. Baumkoetter, Gaberle, and Adam. Communities in Austria held in Vienna, questions and the identity of the accused. This does not Oskar Bloemer. a survivor of the camp, stated of indemnification and of anti-Semitism were the exclude the possibility that the public prosecutor at the trial that, before being executed, most main points on the agenda. The Conference also to whom the material has been passed on asks prisoners at the camp were strapped down over decided to confer the Federation's Golden Medal the Centre for assistance in further investigations. a wooden block and beaten by the S.S. guards. on the President of the Stadtschulrat, Dr. Max He stated he saw Baumkoetter and Gaberle at a Neugebauer. This medal is awarded each year on Resourceful Working Methods number of executions. the anniversary of the November pogroms to Another witness said that Baumkoelter was the non-Jews who take a responsible part in the fig"' How the Nazi-hunters of Ludwigsburg obtain principal doctor and was as much feared in the for human rights and against antisemitism. their material is one of the most fascinating stories camp as " Iron Gustav "—Gustav Sorge. the S.S. that have yet to be told. A principal source officer who was sentenced to hard labour for life are the orders of the Reichsfuhrer of the S5. by a court at Bonn some time ago. and Chief of German Police. But no less impor­ Several other witnesses, however, testified in Gorta RadioTision tant are the many incidental pieces of information, favour of the accused and said that Gaberle. picked up from talks and quarrels among the Adam, and even Baumkoetter helped sick Service one-time comrades in crime, and sometimes even prisoners.—(J.C.) from ordinary trials. The divorce proceedings of (Member R.T.R.A.) a former member of the Einsatzgruppe 8, for 13, Frognal Parade, instance, led to the arrest of its commandant. WITNESSES FOR TARNOV MURDERS Dr. Otfo Bradfisch, who was found guilty of The public prosecutor in Dortmund is conduct­ Finchley Road, N.WJ accessory to murder in 15,000 cases and sentenced ing investigations into the mass murder of Jews at SALES REPAIRS to ten years' penal servitude. Two of his accom­ Tarnov, Poland, during the war. He is looking plices—Wilhelm Schulz and Oskar Winkler—^were for former Jewish inhabitants of the town and AU Leading Makes Supplied sentenced to seven and three years' penal servi­ the neighbouring area who might be able to testify Refrigerators, Wasfaing-Machines Stocked tude respectively. about the murders. Witnesses are requested to get Mr. Gort will always be pleased to In many cases, such arrests cause chain in touch with the Oberstaatsanwalt beim Land­ advise you. reactions—each accused dragging others with him gericht, Dortmund. Kaiserstrasse, referring to file (HAM. 8635) and opening up new vistas for the prosecution. number 45 Js/18/6. AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 Page 9

which he wrote for the AJR's booklet " Britain's OBITUARY New Citizens" (1951). As a strong and. at the same time, kind-hearted SENATOR JOACHIM LIPSCHITZ ^R. GUSTAV KULLMANN personality he will be gratefully remembered by his numerous friends and pupils, and we extend Joachim Lipschitz, the West Berhn Senator of Dr. Gustav Kullmann, who passed away our sympathy to his widow and his family. the Interior, died on December llth at the age recently, dedicated his whole life to the rescue IN MEMORY OF LEO LANIA of 43, following a heart attack during a session and rehabilitation of refugees. He started his of the Senate. The death of this outstanding career in this sphere under Nansen after the First When I started as a young journalist on the man will be particularly mourned by our readers World War and took a decisive part in the work staff of the " Berliner Borsen-Kurier ", Leo Lania, as well as by Jewish emigrants all over the world. for Russian refugees. When the Nazis came to who died in Munich recently, was my first boss. They have lost one of their staunchest friends. power he became Deputy High Commissioner for Bom in Kharkov, he came to Vienna while still His merits as a courageous politician and Refugees under the auspices of the League of a schoolboy. He wrote his first articles for the efficient administrator have been described fully Nations. In this capacity he rendered signal Socialist " Arbeiterzeitung ", edited by Austerlitz. in the national Press. Jews from Germany knew services to the refugees from Germany and, later During the first war he served as an Austrian and appreciated him as one of the strongest sup­ on, from other countries. He even managed to officer on the Russian front and won the Iron porters of a generous " Wiedergutmachungspoli- go to Nazi-occupied France during the war to do Cross and the Silver Medal. After the end of tik ". As Senator of the Interior he directed and some rescue work. After the end of hostilities, the war Lania founded a news agency in Rome supervised the activities of the Berlin Indemnifica­ when as an aftermath of the catastrophe new and tried to warn the Socialists of the growing tion Office. It is due to his guidance and inspira­ categories of refugees had to be looked after, he Fascist danger. As special correspondent of tion that this office often developed a more rendered his expert services to the United Nations Popolo d'Italia, he interviewed Hitler in 1923 in generous practice than the indemnification authori­ and held leading positions in their refugee work Munich. ties in other "Laender" of the Federal Republic. In his book, " Gewehre auf Reisen", he In certain questions Lipschitz paved the way for until he reached the retirement age of 60 a few years ago. described the results of his investigations of the a liberal interpretation of the Indemnification Law, illegal arms traffic by which secret Nationalist Sometimes in open opposition to the " Bundes- During the war, when Dr. Kullmann was Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, the arsenals were built up ; however, the authorities gerichtshof". He consistently endeavoured to did not heed his sensational revelations. After a ?peed up indemnification proceedings. Some AJR often had the opportunity of discussing with him the problems of the refugees in this country spell as city editor of " Borsen-Kurier " he worked improvements introduced by the " BEG " of 1956 with Piscator and also helped to script the are mainly due to his influence. and of the Jews left on the Continent. In those years he also repeatedly addressed public meet­ '• Dreigroschenoper" film. Victor Gollancz The London visit of Senator Lipschitz in 1957 ings of the AJR to inform our members on published his autobiography. " Today We are *ill always be remembered as a landmark in the developments of importance to them and their Brothers ", shortly before the Second World War field of " Wiedergutmachungspolitik ". It was a nearest ones. As a devoted worker, who combined when Lania was still in France. After the fall of courageous act. the act of a fighter. He was not compassion with a sense for practical require­ France he escaped to the United States, where he afraid" of meeting the Jewish emigrants in this ments and who had a widespread knowledge, he lectured for many Jewish causes all over the country face to face, and that at a stage when will be gratefully remembered by all who knew country. Five years ago he returned to Ger­ the practical results of indemnification had not yet many, more or less for good. Lania's last two developed fully and when many of our people him and, directly or indirectly, benefited from his activities. books are biographies of Willy Brandt and Were still full of resentment and distrust. Before Hemingway, published by Kindler in Munich. the public meeting took place the promoters of DR. ARTHUR GALLINER He was a fighting journalist and a courageous the function were not free of misgivings. It man. Opened in a tense atmosphere, but it proved a full On December 12, Dr. Arthur Galliner passed success. The sincerity of the speaker, supported awav in his 84th year. For almost four decades PEM ''y the Amtsassador. Herr von Herwarth, gripped he was the Art teacher at the Philanthropin in DR. PAUL BACHMANN and convinced the audience. It was particularly Frankfurt/Main. His gifts as an outstanding It is learned with deep regret that Dr. Paul A. striking that Lipschitz freely avowed that the educationist were combined with those of an artist Bachmann died of a heart attack in Rome on his "materielie Wiedergutmachun'g" would never be in his own right and of a prolific writer. His way home from a holiday in Israel. He was able to heal the wounds inflicted on the Jewish publications include a book on medieval glass born in Nuernberg 48 years ago and came to people and that it had to be supplemented by the painting, a monograph on Max Liebermann and England in 1933. He graduated in 1940 and, for "moralische Wiedergutmachung", the willingness numerous articles for art journals ; he was also a many years, was a practitioner in Ewell, Surrey. of the German people to recognise their collective contributor to the " Encyclopedia Judaica ". When Otto Hirsch House (Kew) was opened in responsibility and to face the atrocious past. When Dr. Galliner came to this country in 1958. Dr. Bachmann agreed to become its The visit had practical consequences as well. 1939. he was first appointed art master in a well- Medical Officer. He held this appointment until The Senator was accompanied by some of the known college. Later on, he became a teacher I960 and by his services rendered spade work leading officials of the Indemnification Office, who of painting and lecturer on the History of Art at during the initial period of the Home. His remained in London for several weeks interviewing two important art schools. At the same time, he sudden and untimely death has come as a great individual claimants. Many proceedings were continued painting, and his works include por­ shock to his relatives, friends and patients, who thus speeded up and led to successful conclusion. traits of Jewish personalities such as Dr, Leo will always gratefully remember him as an Recentlv Lipschitz was severely stricken by the Baeck, Sir Francis Simon and Lazarus Gold­ upright and helpful man. We extend our sin­ untimelv death of his son. Even so he never schmidt. His pictures were also shown in the cerest sympathy to his widow and his children, ceased i'n his unsparing work. If we consider the exhibitions of Royal British Artists, and he was appalling burden of the manifold responsibilities a member of the Hampstead Artists' Council. DR. JAMES ELLENBOGEN the Senator of the Interior had to bear under the Though he thus succeeded in being integrated Dr. James Ellenbogen died in Haifa, aged 77. "Beriin crisis", we all are the more grateful to into the cultural life of this country, he was also For many years he was head of the Finance him for his sustained interest in indemnification well aware of the special problems foreign artists Department of the Berlin Jewish community. He *ork up to the last day of his all-too-short life. have to face: his assessment of their position is first emigrated to Holland and reached Palestine reflected in the article " The Refugee Artist" in 1944, after having been a prisoner in Belsen.

ZION HOUSE LECTURES AJR CLUB WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, Through in conjunction with the N.W.S. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (Extra-Mural Department) SUNDAY, JANUARY 14 BARON TRAVEL COMPANY at 4.30 p.m. sharp 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, LA^VD TURKS fiV EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX JEWISH HISTORY CONCERT Tel. : STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 TUESDAY, JANUARV 16 given by Cobles : TRANSBAROM, EDGWARE Israel Finestein PROPRIETOR : J. C. I. BARON. A.T.A.I. DORA WEINSTEIN ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE "The Jewish Emancipation" (SOPRANO) MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL & HOLIDAYS TUESDAY. JANUARY 30 accompanied by June Smith ASSOCIATION Jon Kimche Song Recitals "The War of Liberotion " FERRY EHRLICH STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE LTD The lectures will be held at 8.1S p.m. (PIANO) ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. |t Eli Selinger Room. Zion House. WEL. 2S2I 57 Eton Avenue. Hampstead, N.W.S. Continental Entertainment Fees : Series 12/- All Makes Beuiht. Sold. & Excbanicd Space donated by Repairs. Maintenance Single lecture 2:- (Students 1/-) TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED 38 Felsham Road, Putney, S.W.IS 18 CRAWFORD STREET. BAKER STREET, W.I Page 10 AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 PERSONALIA Letter to the Editor PRAGUE MEMOIRS GERMAN-JEWISH SCIENTISrS DEATH OF MAX HANSEN ENDOWMENT Dear Sir, Max Hansen, who suddenly died last month in To promote an Anglo-German scientific Copenhagen, started his career as " Little In your November issue, which reached me exchange in questions of experimental medical Caruso " in variety before he was discovered by only now, Eugen Winterberg, in his very interest­ research, Dr, Wilhelm Feldberg, F.R,S. (London), Emmeric Kalman and Hubert Marischka for ing article on Prague, quotes a passage: ". • • una has created an endowment deriving mainly from " Countess Marizza" and subsequently became es werfelt und brodelt, und kafkat und kischt "• the compensation payments he received from the highest-paid comedian of the 'twenties in which he ascribes to Eigon Erwin Kisch. Actually, Germany, It is understood that the endowment's Berlin. His biggest success was " Leopold" in Ihis satyricai formula originated from Karl Kraus, assets amount to DM. 100,000 and is expected Eric Charell's famous production of " White who used it in order lo ridicule the whole German to rise to DM. 200,000. Out of the interest (at Horse Inn " at " Grosses Schauspielhaus ", a part Jewish literary atmosphere of pre-FirsI World War present DM. 4,(XX)) each year one German and he played afterwards in all Scandinavian countries Prague, paraphrasing a famous passage from one English scientist are to be awarded ; a lec­ and, after the war, again in Berlin. Schiller's " Der Toucher" and inserting the ture is to be given by the English prizewinner in Together with the late Kurt Robitschek and names of four at thai time most prominent Germany and by the German prizewinner in Paul Morgan, Hansen founded the " Kabarett der authors. England. The first prizes, distributed recently, Komiker", where he parodied Richard Tauber Yours, etc., were bestowed on Professor Sir Lindor Brown and starred in " Die Schoene Galathee ". Before (Dr.) ROBERT WELTSCH. (Oxford) and Professor Herbert Hensel (Mar­ he had to leave Germany, because he was partly Jeruscdem, burg). Jewish, he dehghted his audiences in " Das December 10th, 1961 Dr. Feldberg was bom in Hamburg in 1900. Bezaubernde Fraeulein " and " Kleines Cafe". Being a Jew, he was dismissed as a Berlin Uni­ In Vienna Hansen wrote " Axel an der Himmels­ LEO BAECK MEMORIAL LECTURE versity teacher in 1933. He emigrated to England tuer " and appeared in it with 2Larah Leander at and is now head of the Physiology and Pharma­ " Theater an der Wien" under the directorship Dr. Leon Roth gave the annual Leo Baeck cology Division of the National Institute for of A. Hellmer. Memorial Lecture on " Ups and Downs in Jewish Medical Research. He was liked by everybody. Each year, on Ethics", under the auspices of the Society for Christmas Eve, he held open house for all those Jewish Study and the B'nai B'rith Leo Baeck JAMES MCDONALD HONOURED who had no home of their own. He did not Lodge. He stated there were many differing survive to see his twelve-year-old daughter appear rabbinical interpretations and explanations of the On the occasion of his 75th birthday, James same Biblical texts, each revealing contradictory G. McDonald was presented with an Honorary on the stage in Copenhagen, where he lived with his wife and children. PEM moral attitudes. " We seem to have no Jewish Fellowship of the Weizmann Institute of Science. ethics to tell us which are the ' ups' and which Mr. McDonald was a High Commissioner for are the ' downs '", said Dr. Roth. Refugees at the League of Nations in the early HONOUR FOR ROME CHIEF RABBI Dr. Roth suggested that Jewish scholars should years of the Nazi regime and later first United The President of Italy has bestowed the title turn their learning to a consideration of these States Ambassador to Israel, At a luncheon of " Knight of Merit of the Italian Republic" problems so that guidance could be given in given in his honour in New York, Mr. on the Chief Rabbi of Rome, Professor Elio R. instances where contrary moral attitudes were McDonald's efforts on behalf of the German Toaff. revealed. Two things were needed: to state the Jews were also recalled ; in spite of getting very moral ideas of Judaism ; and to bring them inadequate moral and financial support from the TEL AVIV MEETING IN MEMORV OF ERNST BERENT together into one intelligible and coherent whole. League of Nations, he found new homes for many —(J.C.) of them. Under the auspices of the Israeli Section of the Council of Jews from Germany and of the FESTSCHRIFT FOR ROBERT WELTSCH AWARD FOR DR. P. TUTTNAUER Group of Immigrants from Danzig, a memorial Dr. Phoebus Tuttnauer. of Portman Place. meeting for the Council's late Hon. Secretary. As a tribute to Robert Weltsch on the occasion London, W., took up painting some six years Mr. Ernst Berent, was held in Tel Aviv. Tribute of his 70th birthday, a Festschrift (in German) ago, at the age of 65. He has exhibited success­ was paid to him by Mr. Heinz Gerling on behalf has been published in Israel. The authors include, fully in London and one of his paintings—a view of the Council and by Dr. Erwin Lichtenstein among others, Kurt Blumenfeld, Martin Buber, of Lake Lugano—was awarded a silver plaque at (formerly Danzig), who recalled Ernst Berent's Hans Kohn, Siegfried Moses, Eva G. Reichmann, the exhibition of medical art at the International effective and courageous work as Chairman of the Ernst Simon and Alfred Wiener, and a review of Medical Congress in Turin, Danzig Jewish community during the difficult the interesting contents will be published in our Dr. Tuttnauer's work is now on exhibition at years after 1933. The President of the Council, paper soon. The 220-page book ($4) may be the Friends of Israeli Museums in London. Dr. Siegfried Moses, was present at the meeting. ordered through the AJR. FAMILY EVENTS Women ENGLISH / GERMAN shorthand- TYPEWRITER for sale Olympia SM Entries in this column are free of typist, experienced, seeks full- of part- 3 with " Umlaute" and French charge. Texts should be sent in by PART-TIME shorthand-typist wanted, time or homework. Box 914. accents. Excellent condition, HEN­ the ISth of the month. one (any) day per week, 'Phone HOMEWORK of a light nature don 0500. Birthdays SHO. 4171 or write K. & E. Bloch required by middle aged intelligent SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Will—Mr. Louis Will, of 22 Ding­ Ltd., 176 Hoxton Street, London, N.l. lady unable to take a permanent post permanently removed by qualified wall Gardens, London, N.W.ll, will LADY COMPANION, German due to bad health. Box 920. Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. celebrate his 91st birthday on speaking, wanted by elderly lady for Facials, Body massage. Visits January 15th, 1962. Mr. Will, who shopping and cooking. Help for Accommodation Vacant arranged. Consultations free. Mrs. cleaning kept. Comfortable room in is in the best of health, was bom in FURNISHED BED-SITTING Dutch, D.R,E„ 239 Willesden Lane, Schoenlanke. small modern flat. Salary fixed at N.W,2. Tel.: WILlesden 1849, or interview. Box 919. ROOM in central-heated flat, use of Nathanson—Mrs. Jenny Nathanson kitchen, bath. Abbey Road, St, COLindale 8277 (for messages). (nee Hobinstock). of 22 Dingwall HOUSEKEEPER / COMPANION wanted for old lady in modern flat. John's Wood, Box 916. AJR Attendance Service Gardens, London, N.W.ll, who has Please 'phone SUNnyhill 1367, SUNNY/LARGE BED-SITTER, been looking after Mr. Will for the N,W.2, in self-contained flat. Near WOMEN available to care for sick past 22 years, will be 75 on January Situations Wanted tube. Central Heating. Use of people and invahds, as companions 20th. 1962, kitchen and bathroom. Professional and sitters-in; full- or part-time; non­ The AJR extends its sincerest con­ Men Lady. Box 923. residential. 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. gratulations to them both. MESSENGER, 49, over 11 years in Deaths last firm, seeks post as messenger Accommodation Wanted MISSING PERSONS BaHin.—Mrs. Sidy Ballin (n^e Rosen­ or storekeeper, experienced in textiles. meyer). widow of Dr. Fritz Ballin. Box 910. SELF-CONTAINED fumished 2 Enquiries by AJR formerly Munich, passed away on room flat wanted for about 3 months STOREKEEPER/PACKER, experi­ Henry Gordon Walton, born December 3rd after a long illness. enced in textiles, conscientious by couple and child of two. Box 915. Deeply mourned by Harold Ballin RETIRED LADY requires unfum­ 14.2.1922 in Frankfurt a,M„ formerly worker, seeks position. Box 911, resident in Canada, between 1959 and and family and Gerda Dales and BOOKKEEPER, experienced, good ished small flat, Central London family. Villa Capri, Allum Lane, 1.9.1961 in Frankfurt a.M. and Bonn, references, seeks full- or part-time preferred. Box 921. since then in London. Sought in Elstree. Herts, job. Box 912. Hellbrunn—My dear mother, Mrs, restitution proceedings Amalie Wolo- COOK, 61, seeks post as cook or Miscellaneous wicz V. Deutsches Reich. Clementine Heilbrunn (nee Rosen­ catering storekeeper. Box 913. thal), died on November 12th, 1960, I M P O R T/EXPORT consultant— VISITING SECRETARY, typing, Margaret Jacobi, 61 Latimer Court, 14 years' experience Eastern Europe. translating. interpreting, English, Furniture Repairs London, W,6. Available for case work or on a German. French. Own typewriter, CLASSIFIED permanent basis. Box 918. BAY. 8777. R. BANDMAN Situations Vacant Women TRANSLATION BUREAU. Dr. 9 Mapesbury Court, Men jur. Oscar Zweigenthal, 43 Warring­ ANWALTSBUERO sucht Mitarbeiter GENERAL CLERK, adaptable, con­ ton Crescent, W.9. CUNningham Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 fuer Bearbeitung von Wiedergut- scientious, seeks full-time job. Box 3755. Certified translations: English, GLA. 5662 machungsangelegenheiten. Box 922. 917. German, Czech and Slovakian. AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 Page 11 MISCELLANEOUS ISelly Wolffheim WINTERFREUDEN IM OTTO SCHIFF TV SETS FOR OLD FOLKS IN HAMPSTEAD TALKS FOR YOUNG GERMANS HOUSE An Important Scheme As readers know from previous announcements, Seit Jahren finden in den drei Londoner an " Arbeitskreis 1961 " has been founded to Heimen in etwa monatlichen Abstaenden Whilst, on many occasions, members of the give young Germans in this country a platform kuensllerische und andere Veranstallungen stall, AJR lend their assistance to old or needy mem­ for an exchange of views on topical questions. an denen ausser den Heimbewohnern auch ihre bers of our own community, they also take an Under the heading " Germany Yesterday and Angehoerigen teilnehmen. Die folgende active interest in other charitable schemes. If Tomorrow " a series of talks has been arranged. Schilderung von Frau Wolffheim gibl daher they live in Hampstead they will know that there The subject of the latest meeting was "The Jews gleichzeitig ein Bild von der Ausgestaltung are a considerable number of cases of poverty, in the Weimar Republic", with Dr. Eva G. solcher Nachmittage in den anderen beiden Imked with serious ill-health or infirmity within Reichmann as the speaker. At the next function, Heimen, dem Leo Baeck House und dem Otto the boundaries of the Borough. To bring these on January 10th, Mr. Hans Jaeger will speak on Hirsch House.—Ed. people some joy and happiness, a Hampstead " Das politische Ressentiment und seine Ueber­ Old Folks' TV Society Ltd., has been founded, Unsere Wintervergniigungen fingen mit einem windung " ; based on everyday life observations sehr lustigen, improvisierten Simchat Tora Abend with the Mayor of Hampstead as its President. and on the lessons of past history he will, among The Society does not ask for large sums, but an. Dann hatten wir, wie alljahrlich, ein schones others, deal with the questions of group relations Konzert von dem Ehepaar Lichtenstera gemeinsam every gift or regular contribution (which may and prejudices. The last lecture of the present also be paid under Covenant) will help to cover mit Kantor Josef Dollinger. Es war zum Teil ein series will be given on February 7th by Rabbi Wunschkonzert; doch gab es diesmal etwas the rental of a television set for a needy Hamp- Dr. G. Salzberger on " Synagogue and Jewish •''tead neighbour. One of the Society's methods Neues: Hanni Metzger-Lichtenstern und Josef Home". The programme for spring will be Dollinger trugen—besonders fiir diejenigen von ^hich has proved particularly successful consists announced in due course. The meetings are held of forming people into groups of twelve, each of uns. die nicht in die Synagoge kommen kbnnen— in the German CVJM, 35 Craven Terrace, W.2, liturgische Gesange vor. them contribufing Is. per week and thus jointly at 8 p.m. providing one set including the cost of installa­ Ein zweites Konzert wurde von Mr. H. tion and licence. Any donations should be sent Blumenau, dem Chairman unseres House Commit­ to The Treasurer, Hampstead Old Folks' TV LASTENAUSGLEICH UND WIEDER­ tees, eingeleitet, der uns Miss Martindale vor- Society Ltd . 1 Downshire Hill. London. N.W.3. GUTMACHUNG stellte. Die junge Kunstlerin, von ihrer Freundin Talk at Lawyers' Association Meeting Mrs. Brown begleitet, entzuckte uns alle. Ausser­ FAREWELL DINNER FOR MATRON OF dem spielte zu unserer Freude der uns bereits MANCHESTER HOME At the next meeting of the Association of bekannte Geiger Van Dyle, mit seiner Frau am Lawyers from Germany a lecture on questions of Klavier. Dann folgte die langst erwartete Licht- .On December 17th a farewell dinner party was " Lastenausgleich " in connection with restitution bildervorfiihrung von Mr. Blumenau. der uns given in honour of Mrs. Gertrude Blumenbach. claims will be given by Rechtsanwalt Ernst diesmal Aufnahmen von Frankreich zeigte. to rnark her retirement after more than 13 years' Muller. The meeting will be held on January 16, Und dann kam die Chanukah-Woche. Rabbiner Service as Matron of Morris Feinmann House, at 8 p.m., at 51 Belsize Park, London. N.W.I Dr. Salzberger leitete das Fest mit einer seiner •Manchester. This home had been founded by schonen Ansprachen ein. Am Sonntag war die Committee members of the AJR Manchester AJR MEETING IN GLASGOW eigentliche Feier: Das Chanukah Cabaret von Branch. At a meeting of the Glasgow Society of Refu Mitgliedern des B'nai B'rith Circles fuhrte ein Trained as a social worker and endowed with gees, the AJR's Glasgow constituent. Dr. H. vielseitiges, ausserordentlich gutes Programm vor. Untiring energy and devotion, Mrs. Blumenbach Reichmann spoke about " The cultural heritage Die leuchtenden Augen der Zuschauer werden Was ideally suited for her task, which she accom­ of Central European Jewry" and outlined the den Amateur-Kunstlern gezeigt haben, welchen plished with high distinction. Not the least of activities of the Leo Baeck Institute. At question- Anklang sie fanden. Eine erfreuliche Neuein- j^f achievements was the removal, in December, time he also dealt with problems connected with richtung war es, dass die jungen Kiinstler und wir '"59, of 26 residents from the old home, con­ the work of the AJR and the United Restitution Heimbewohner nachher noch eine Weile in ceived on the austeritv lines of the post-war Organisation. lebhafter Unterhaltung zusammen blieben. Period, to the home built in Spath Road out of An einem Nachmittag kam Rabbiner Kokotek lunds of the Jewish Trust Corporation. There, in THE HYPHEN zum Lichteranzunden. und da es in diesem Jahr [•je spacious new surroundings, Mrs. Blumenbach The Hyphen Programme for January includes bei uns an " Sangern " fehlte, war das von ihm so "^sfged the old residents and some 20 new theatre visits, outings, a special dinner and party, schon vorgetragene ChanukahUed eine besondere arrivals into one large family. and At Homes. Further particulars can be Freude. Er erzahlte dann eine amtisante jUdische .After a prolonged rest abroad Mrs. Blumenbach obtained from the Honorary Secretary, Miss Legende, die uns in heitere Stimmung versetzte *'" rejoin Morris Feinmann House as a resident. Marion Koppel, 23 Paddington Green, London, und auf das anschliessende Tee-Zusammensein Sh, s IS succeeded as Matron by Miss Elsa Otto. W.2. nachwirkte.

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HAMpstead 2602 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION January, 1962 GERMAN EFFORTS OF ATONEMENT CATHOLIC TRIBUTES TO VICTIMS Church in Bei^en-Belsen "CRYSTAL NIGHT" ANNIVERSARY ERECTION OF MEMORIALS In Bergen a Catholic church has been con­ secrated dedicated to the thousands of victims Thc Jewish communities in West Germatiy held Suggestion by ParHamentarians from 14 nations who were murdered in the special ceremonies in memory of Jewish victims Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. of Nazi persecution who perished during the A delegation of German Parliamentary Depu­ The new church is called " Suehnekirche vom infamous " Crystal Night", 23 years ago. ties and educationists who recently visited Israel kostbaren Blut". The Bishop of Hildesheim, Dr- Representatives of German authorities attended declared in Frankfurt that German towns and Jannssen, who initiated the project, said it was the ceremonies. villages should erect monuments commemorating meant to be a visible expression of the tribute former Jewish citizens who perished during the that German Catholics paid to the victims of The central ceremony was held in the Jewish Nazi regime.—West Berlin ; the speakers ment of a Catholic group aiming at promoting were Senator Joachim Lipschitz and the Chair­ Monuments Consecrated Christian-Jewish understanding and commemorat­ man of the Jewish community, Heinz Galinski. To commemorate its former Jewish citizens ing the victims of Nazi brutality.—(J.C.) The ceremony ended with a tribute to the non- the Westphalian town of Luebbecke erected a Jewish citizens of the former German capital memorial stone on the site of the former syna­ CHAPEL IN PLOETZENSEE who, at the risk of their own lives, helped Jews gogue which had been bumt down 23 years during the Nazi regime,—(J,C.) A Catholic Chapel named "Maria Regina before. Dignitaries of the Protestant and Catho­ Martyrum" was recently erected in Ploetzensee Press references to the event include an article lic Churches, as well as representatives of the to commemorate the Nazi victims who were in the Frankfurter Rundschau. It pays special governmental and municipal authorities and of executed in the near-by prison. tribute to the memory of two Jewish artis.ts who the Jewish organisations, spoke at the ceremony were prominent members of the city's opera which was held on November 12. A member LESSER URY EXHIBITION IN BERLIN before 1933: Hans Erl and Magda Spiegel. AVhen of the AJR who, before 1933, was a city council­ the arrested Jews were assembled in the lor in Luebbecke, recalls that his home town also To mark the 100th anniversary of the birth " Festhall", the Nazis cruelly forced Erl to sing has a considerably older memorial whose mes­ of Lesser Ury an exhibition of his paintings was Sarastro's aria " In diesen heil'gen Hallen". sage was however ignored in our century. It held in the "Haus am Luetzowplatz" (Berlin), Magda Spiegel, the paper writes, could have saved is a stone in front of the old church with the not far from the artist's former studio at the herself by accepting tempting offers from abroad ; following inscription (in Latin): "TTiis church NoUendorfplatz, was enlarged A.D. 1350.—There was the pest.— however, she stayed in Germany because she PREMIERE OF GHETTO PLAY refused to believe in the danger to her life. Both The flagellants were roving.—The Jews were slain singers perished in extermination camps. "The (' Judaei occidebantur')." " The Wall", a play by the American. Millard tragedy of the Frankfurt Jewish community, At present there lives in Luebbecke only one Lampell, based on John Hersey's novel of the once 30,000 strong, drew to its conclusion ; on solitary Jew who returned from Auschwitz after same name, had its German and European each anniversary of the 9th of November it is an almost miraculous escape. premiere at the Residenztheater in Munich. Frankfurt's duty to remember the sins committed On the anniversary of the November pogroms The play describes the sufferings and death ot against innocent people on that day." a memorial tablet was also consecrated at the Jewish population of the Warsaw Ghetto. Langendiebach, near Hanau. Addresses were CHORAL WORK delivered by Rabbi Dr. E. I. Lichtigfeld REPARATIONS SHIPS (Frankfurt), who was the guest of honour, and Based on Buber's Bible Translation The ship-building programme under The Hague by representatives of the political, municipal and At this year's Musical Festival in Cassel a Reparations Agreement with Israel has been com­ clerical authorities. Before 1933, the Mayor Choral Work "In the Beginning" by Guenter recalled. 39 Jews lived in the village, of whom 22 Bailas (Munich), based on the Book of Genesis, pleted with the delivery of the " Har Gilead ", the emigrated in 1942, and eleven were deported 5,800-ton refrigeration ship. was performed for the first time. The under­ and perished. It is intended to compile a record lying Biblical text was taken from the Bible German shipyards have during the past six years with the names and dates of all former Jewish translation by Martin Buber and Franz built 49 ships for Israel. inhabitants. Rosenzweig.

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