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Huliganizam Vid Devijantnog Ponašanje Navijaĉa Na Sportskim Terenima

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Huliganizam Vid Devijantnog Ponašanje Navijaĉa Na Sportskim Terenima Univerzitetska hronika – ĉasopis Univerziteta u Travniku HULIGANIZAM VID DEVIJANTNOG PONAŠANJE NAVIJAĈA NA SPORTSKIM TERENIMA HOOLIGANISM VISION DEVIANT BEHAVIOR FANS AT SPORTS GROUNDS Osman Jašarević Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Travniku SAŢETAK devijantnog ponašanja, odnosno navijaĉkih nereda koji završavau uništavanjem Navijaĉi su osobe koje svojim prisustvom, imovine, tuĉnjavama, povrjeĊivanjem a navijanjem, odnosno aplaudiranjem i ponekad i smrću navijaĉa. MeĊu manifestovanim ovacijama na sportskim najpoznatijim primjerima navijaĉkih nereda terenima ohrabruju pojedinca ili tim pri koji se najĉešće uzima za negativan primjer sportskom sudjelovanju radi ostvarivanja je: tragedija na Heysel stadionu 1985., odreĊenih sportskih rezultata. Sastavni su utakmica Dinama i Crvene Zvezde 1990. te dio svakog sportskog dogaĊaja, odnosno nedavni dogaĊaji na utakmici Dinama i spotskog tima. Kako stvari stoje na Hajduka u ĉemu nimalo nezaostaju derbi sportskim terenima, treba razlikovati susreti, Crvena Zvezda i Partizan, Sarajevo pozitivno ponašanje navijaĉa koje korisno - Ţeljezniĉar, i dr. Zbog uĉestalost takvih djeluje na tim, takmiĉara pa i samog nereda posljednjih desetljeća javila se navijaĉa, te s druge strane devijantno potreba za zakonom o navijaĉima i ponašanje navijaĉa koje šteti i dovodi njihovom huliganskom ponašanju. Taj je navijaĉe u fazu divljanja i izliva divljaĉke zakon u pojedinim drţavama donesen, strasti pojedinca i ljudi oko njega. meĊutim uz mnoge oblike pobune i Aplaudirati, odnosno navijati se moţe na neosnovanost ţalbi, radi spreĉavanja više naĉina, a naĉin navijanja odreĊuje i nedoliĉnog huliganskog ponašanja grupe ili sam dogaĊaj na kojem se navija. Tako npr. pojedinih navijaĉa. u Bosni i Hercegovini ima više navijaĉkih grupa, a poznate su Horde zla, Manijaci i Kljuĉne rijeĉi: navijaĉi, devijantno dr. Dok u Hrvatskoj postoji mnogo više ponašanje, huliganstvo, sport, sportski navijaĉkih grupa, od kojih su najpoznatije tereni, neredi, prevencija, organi represije i Bad Blue Boys i Torcida i dr., u Srbiji Zakon. grupa Delije …. i druge što se podrazumjeva da ima više grupa i Key words: fans, deviant behavior, podgrupa koje se javljaju uz svoj domicilni hooliganism, sports, sports courts, riots, tim. Nijedna drţava u regijonu pa i šire nije prevention, repression and law authorities. pošteĊena od navijaĉkih grupa. Veliki sigurnosni problem u drţavno-društvenim ABSTRACT zajednicama su današnje navijaĉke grupe, koje svoje navijanje manifestuju u vidu Fans are people who by their presence, huliganizma a koji se javlja unutar njih. Uz cheering, and applause and a standing huliganizam, problem predstavljaju i ovation manifested at sporting events rasizam, nacionalizam, ksenofobija i ostali encouraging individual or team sports oblici diskriminacije koji se javljaju na participation in order to achieve certain sportskim terenima. Kao posljedica toga results in sport. Are an integral part of any devijantnog navijanja, ĉesto dolazi do sporting event,or for sports teams. As 45 Univerzitetska hronika – ĉasopis Univerziteta u Travniku things stand at sporting events, one must UVOD differentiate between the positive behavior of fans that beneficially affect the team, and Rijeĉ navijaĉi u širem smislu se pojavila the athletes and fans, and on the other side otkad postoji i sam sport. Već u antiĉko of deviant behavior that harms the fans and doba javljaju se grupe ljudi koje su navijale brings fans into a phase of wild and savage za svoje favorite na sportskim outbursts of passion of the individual and manifestacijama. Kako se razvijao sport i the people around him. Applaud or cheer sportski duh navijaĉa, razvijale su se i can be in many ways , a way of cheering mnogobrojne navijaĉke grupe u sportskom determined and the event where the cheers. duhu i razliĉiti vidovi navijanja. MeĊu Thus, for example, Bosnia and Herzegovina njima su se razvijale grupe i pojedinci koji has several fan groups, known horde of su prevazilazili vatrene navijaĉke strasti i evil, maniacs, etc. While there are a lot pritome se nedoliĉno ponašali uzrokujući more fan groups , most notably Bad Blue nered i skandalozne istupe. U današnje Boys and Torcida in Serbia Delije group.... vrijeme to su mnogobrojne i dobro and the other which means that there are organizovane sportsko rekreativne more groups and subgroups that occur huliganski raspoloţene navijaĉke grupe i along its indigenous team. No country in pojedinci, koje se u posljednje vrijeme sve region and beyond is not spared from the više izmiĉu svakodnevnoj zakonitoj fans' group. A major security problem in kontroli drţavnih organa, agencija, odnosno the state and communities are today's fan represivnim institucijama. Generalno, group, that its winding manifested in the najveći problem predstavlja navijaĉki form of hooliganism that occurs within huliganizam koji preplavlja teritorijalno them. With hooliganism, concerns and gradove, odnosno vikend dane kada njihovi issues of racism, nationalism, xenophobia ljubimci odigravaju redovne utakmice ili and other forms of discrimination that occur derbije. Iako se huliganizam javlja u gotovo on the sports field. As a consequence of svim sportovima, i na ovaj naĉin ga je deviant cheering, often lead to deviant vaţno pribiliţiti graĊanima na primjeru behavior, or fan riots that ended in the nogometnih huligana. Razlog tome je destruction of property, fights, injuries and ĉinjenica što se upravo na nogometnim sometimes death fans. Among the most stadionima dogaĊaju najveći navijaĉki famous examples of fan riots that are neredi i to što i na mnogim manifestacijama commonly taken for a negative example is iz drugih sportova nerede izazivaju upravo the Heysel stadium tragedy in 1985., Match pripadnici nogometnih navijaĉkih grupa. U between Dinamo and Red Star Belgrade in ovom struĉnom ĉlanku ću objasniti razlike 1990. and recent events in the match izmeĊu pozitivnih, odnosno dobro between Dinamo and Hajduk, in which no namjernih i nedobro-namjernih, tvz. nezaostaju derby matches, Red Star and negativnih odnosa navijanja, te uzroke i Partizan Belgrade, Sarajevo and uslove koji navijaĉe dovode do takvog Zeljeznicar, etc. Because of the frequency devijantnog i nedobro namjernog of such riots last decade there was a need ponašanja. Kroz ovakvu prizmu odnosa for a law on fans and their hooligan navijaĉa na sportskim manifestacijama behavior. That is the law in some states vaţno je kazuistiĉki i na drugi naĉin enacted, but with many forms of resistance prikazati neke od najmonstruoznijih and unfounded complaints, in order to navijaĉkih nereda u Bosni i Hercegovini, prevent inappropriate hooliganism group or Hrvatskoj, Srbiji i šire u Evropi. individual fans. 46 Univerzitetska hronika – ĉasopis Univerziteta u Travniku NEDOLIĈNI KONTEKST Od kada postoji navijanje, odnosno HULIGANSKOG NAVIJANJA NA manifestovanje duhovnih strasti prema SPORTSKIM TERENIMA pojedincima ili takmiĉarskim timovima, povlaĉi za sobom kontroverze u vezi toga Navijaĉi i njihove psiho-fiziĉke aktivnosti postavljajući se pitanje, šta je navijanje a šta nije pa su tako neke društvene i nomo Navijaĉi su osobe, jedna ili više njih u grupi tehniĉke norme odredile, šta spada u koje svojim navijanjem ohrabruju pravilno i moralno opravdano navijanje a pojedinca, par ili skupinu ljudi u izvoĊenju šta ne? odreĊene psiho-fiziĉke aktivnosti, uz Tako se navijanjem nemoţe smatrati: pomoć odreĊenih sredstava ili bez njih, a u 1. vrijeĊanje sportskog protivnika po svrhu kako osobnog interesa tako i rasnoj, vjerskoj, nacionalnoj, etniĉkoj zadovoljstva onoga za koga navijaju. ili nekoj drugoj diskriminirajućoj Navijaĉi koji imaju iste predmetne objekte osnovi, te fiziĉko nasilje nad istim navijanja ĉesto se organiziraju u grupe osobama; navijaĉa i klubove oboţavatelja (fan 2. vrijeĊanje vlastitog objekta navijanja po klubove), a sve radi vatrenog bodrenja i rasnoj, vjerskoj, nacionalnoj ili nekoj navijanja. drugoj diskriminirajućoj osnovi te Navijati se moţe na više naĉina, a sam fiziĉko nasilje nad istim; naĉin navijanja odreĊuje i bonton dogaĊaja 3. korištenje nedopuštenih sredstava za na kojem se navija: navijanje (bengalke, topovski udar, 1. aplaudiranjem uz pomoć ruku petarde tj. pirotehnika općenito radi (dlanovima) ili pomagala za jaĉi sigurnosti) te ometanje uz pomoć istih pljesak; odvijanja dogaĊaja na kojima se navija; 2. glasom, to jest raznim ovacijama, 4. verbalno izazivanje i fiziĉko povicima, pjesmama, parolama itd., sukobljavanje sa suparniĉkim koje su posebno osmišljene za objekt navijaĉima te vrijeĊanje istih po rasnoj, navijanja ili je historijskim tokom, vjerskoj, nacionalnoj ili nekoj drugoj odnosno vremenom pripala diskriminirajućoj osnovi na sportskim predmetnom timu navijanja; dogaĊajima gdje se navija i van njih; 3. navijaĉkim rekvizitima – raznim 5. sukobljavanje sa osobama sekurite muziĉkim, odnosno duvaĉkim i drugim sluţbi koje su zaduţene za oĉuvanje instrumentima, kao što su udaraljke, javnog reda i mira (pripadnicima bubnjevi, fanfare, transparenti i dr. policije, redarima i drugim fiziĉkim ili tehniĉkim osiguranjima) na sportskim Razlog navijanja podstiĉe sam tim-klub za dogaĊajima gdje se navija, odnosno koga se navija, svojom izgledom, navijaĉi prazne svoju pozitivnu ili ponašanjem i dosadašnjim uspjesima što negativnu energiju; proizvodi tako strastveno navijanje u 6. sprjeĉavanje odrţavanja sportskog smislu: dogaĊaja gdje se navija što na samom 1. da se podrţava, to jest moralno ojaĉa mjestu odrţavanja što van njega i tim, odnosno objekat navijanja, 7. razni naĉini ometanja
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