Mathematicians

MATHEMATICIANS

A Abel, Niels, Henrik

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol.3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 511 DOR 100 Great problems of elementary mathematicians 920 BEL Men of Mathematics R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 SCI Scientists, Mathematicians, and Inventors R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niels-Henrik-Abel http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Abel.html http://www.abelprize.no/c53680/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53894 http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Abel.html http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/abel.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Abel.html http://www.xrefer.com/entry/168138 http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/niels-henrik-abel

Aleksandrov, Pavel, Sergeevich

R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Aleksandrov.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pavel-Sergeevich-Aleksandrov http://www.geometry.net/scientists/aleksandrov_pavel.php http://www.xrefer.com/entry/170311 http://kspu.kaluga.ru/history/English/Aleksandrov/Aleksandrov.html https://books.google.com/books?id=vFHVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=pa vel+sergeevich+aleksandrov+mathematician+biography&source=bl&ots=TpmHNuPE4G &sig=EbzRzLeyjrBc47J6ZmPnMdYx5qU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzj9SQzLrQA hVk0YMKHUoDAsgQ6AEIajAT#v=onepage&q=pavel%20sergeevich%20aleksandrov %20mathematician%20biography&f=false http://www.icmihistory.unito.it/portrait/hopf.php https://www.everipedia.com/Pavel_Alexandrov/?font=Ubuntu&show_a=1 http://famous-scientist.blogspot.com/2008/09/aleksandrov-pavel-sergeevich.html http://russianmath.weebly.com/russian-mathematics.html

Archimedes

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 153 SMI The great mental calculators R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol.4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions 511 DOR 100 Great problems of elementary mathematicians 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.cloudbiography.com/bios/archimedes.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Archimedes.html https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Archimedes.html http://archimedespalimpsest.org/about/history/archimedes.php http://www.permanent.com/archimedes/ http://www.archimedes-lab.org/ http://www.dkfindout.com/us/science/famous-scientists/archimedes/ http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-real-story-behind-archimedes-eureka-armand-d-angour

B Babbage, Charles

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www.charlesbabbage.net/ http://www.biography.com/people/charles-babbage-9193834 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Babbage

2 http://www.cbi.umn.edu/about/babbage.html http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html http://www.cloudbiography.com/bios/babbage-charles.html http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Charles-Babbage http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/babbage_charles.shtml http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121206408 http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/babbage.html http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/babbage/ http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/People/Babbage__Charles__1791_1871_/

Bernoulli, Daniel

R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 Bruno Vol.3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Babbage http://www.springer.com/birkhauser/history+of+science?SGWID=0-40295-6-122589-0 https://plus.maths.org/content/os/issue1/bern/index http://www.visionlaunch.com/daniel-bernoulli-inventions-and-accomplishments/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/daniel-bernoulli-4716.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/daniel-bernoulli http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/BernoulliDaniel.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bernoulli_Daniel.html http://www.birkhauser.ch/books/math/bernoulli/daniel.html http://chronomath.irem.univ-mrs.fr/chronomath/BernoulliDan.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/bernoullidaniel.htm

Bernoulli, Jakob

3 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/BernoulliJakob.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bernoulli_Jacob.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jakob-Bernoulli http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/jacob-bernoulli-543.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/jacob-bernoulli/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/18th_bernoulli.html http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/bernoulli.html http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/jakob_bernoulli.php http://www.birkhauser.ch/books/math/bernoulli/jacob1.html http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Br.html http://www.umass.edu/wsp/acquiring/tales/bernoulli.html https://plus.maths.org/content/os/issue1/bern/index

Bernoulli, Johann I.

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Johann(III).html http://www.math.utsa.edu/ecz/l_b.html http://www.storyofmathematics.com/18th_bernoulli.html http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/bernoulli.html http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bernoulli_Johann.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Bernoulli http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/johann-bernoulli/ http://io9.gizmodo.com/the-epic-story-of-johann-bernoulli-the-meanest-man-in- 1640213708 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/BernoulliJohann.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/johann-bernoulli-3879.php http://study.com/academy/lesson/johann-bernoullis-contributions-to-math-biography- lesson-quiz.html http://pirate.shu.edu/~wachsmut/ira/history/bernoull.html http://www.birkhauser.ch/books/math/bernoulli/johann1.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/bernoullijohann.htm

Bessel, Fredrich, Wilhelm

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics

4 R 510 BRU Vol.4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Wilhelm-Bessel http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/bessel.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/astronomy- biographies/friedrich-wilhelm-bessel http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Bessel_Friedrich_Wilhelm.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/friedrich-wilhelm-bessel http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/bessel-friedrich-wilhelm.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bessel.html http://www.j4.com/scientists/bessel_wilhelm_page_no_4.php http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_bessel.html http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Bk.html

Birkhoff, George, David

920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Birkhoff.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-David-Birkhoff http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/people/wd51hd/vddoolpubs/birkhofffinalplus.pdf http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/george-david-birkhoff http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Birkhoff.html http://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/george-birkhoff.html http://www.exploratorium.edu/complexity/lexicon/birkhoff.html http://www.bartleby.com/65/bi/BirkhoffGD.html http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/birkhoff-george-david.html https://books.google.com/books?id=MiZIWtX9AJUC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=georg e+birkhoff+biography+math&source=bl&ots=APfUvaHJ74&sig=EOzi2noPPlxqwV3fzi 97C0g- bu4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq36vvx7LQAhUo44MKHeyTDMg4ChDoAQhGM Ag#v=onepage&q=george%20birkhoff%20biography%20math&f=false

Blackwell, David Harold R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/blackwell_david.html

5 http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Blackwell.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Harold-Blackwell http://www.blackpast.org/aah/blackwell-david-harold-1919-2010 https://ww2.amstat.org/about/statisticiansinhistory/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioI D=20 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/17/education/17blackwell.html http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/obituaries/david-blackwell-fought-racism-became- world-famous-statistician/article_8ea41058-5f35-5afa-9c3a-007200c5c179.html http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/david-blackwell-fell-love-mathematics http://www.maa.org/programs/underrepresented-groups/summa/summa-archival- record/david-harold-blackwell http://celebratio.org/Blackwell_DH/article/27/ https://books.google.com/books?id=WwFMjsym9JwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=david+ blackwell+biography+math&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRjLSdyLLQAhXqzIMKHf4 2AMkQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=david%20blackwell%20biography%20math&f=fals e

Boole, George

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?dis playGroupName=Reference&jsid=88c67bb2538a9d2ad90128ad3a6f4e97&action=2&cat Id=&documentId=GALE%7CK2642210010&u=lom_waynesu&zid=3b35d1f2f0e641029 7c340b36a474bc0 http://biography.yourdictionary.com/george-boole http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Boole.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Boole http://georgeboole.com/boole/life/biog/ http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/boole.html http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/boole.htm http://www.storyofmathematics.com/19th_boole.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/george-boole/ http://famous-mathematicians.org/george-boole/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/george-boole-587.php http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/georgeboole.html

6 http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/george-boole http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551472 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci525743,00.html

C Cantor, Georg

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 ASI Realm of numbers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georg-Ferdinand-Ludwig-Philipp-Cantor http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/georg-cantor-519.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/georg-cantor/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/19th_cantor.html http://famous-mathematicians.org/georg-cantor/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/georg-cantor http://totallyhistory.com/georg-cantor/ http://www.biographybase.com/biography/cantor_georg.html http://www.erraticimpact.com/~19thcentury/html/cantor.htm http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/cantor.html http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Cantor.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/CantorGeorg.html

Cardano, Gerolamo (Jerome Cardan)

7 http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/other-religious-beliefs- biographies/girolamo-cardano http://biography.yourdictionary.com/geronimo-cardano http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Cardano_Gerolamo.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cardano.html http://w1.xrefer.com/entry/494139 http://www.techfak.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/mw1_ge/biographien/cardano.html https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-literature/mathematical-biography-of- girolamo-cardano-english-literature-essay.php

Carnot, Lazare

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.napoleon-empire.com/personalities/carnot.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/french-history-biographies/lazare-nicolas- marguerite-carnot http://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-lazare-carnot- s-geometry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVC3O5QB1F0 http://apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Carnot http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Carnot.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/carnot.htm http://aol.bartleby.com/66/66/10566.html

Cauchy, Augustin-Louis

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 511 DOR 100 Great problems of elementary mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Cauchy.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Augustin-Louis-Baron-Cauchy https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Cauchy/accomplishments.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/augustin-cauchy-588.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/augustin-louis-cauchy/

8 http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/augustin-louis-cauchy http://biography.yourdictionary.com/augustin-louis-cauchy http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cauchy.html http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03457a.htm http://79.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CA/CAUCHY_AUGUSTIN_LOUIS_BARON.htm

Cayley, Arthur

D Descartes, Rene

9 http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/d/descarte.htm http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/Descartes.html http://www.cloudbiography.com/bios/descartes-rene.html http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/descarts.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Descartes.html http://www.iep.utm.edu/descarte/ http://www.biography.com/people/ren-descartes-37613 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Descartes http://www.storyofmathematics.com/17th_descartes.html http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Descartes/RouseBall/RB_Descartes.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/descarts.html

E Erathosthenes of Cyrene

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 503 World Book Encyclopedia of Science R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/eratosthenes.html http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Eratosthenes.html http://www.famousscientists.org/eratosthenes/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthenes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8On7yCU1EjQ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Eratosthenes.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/eratosthenes-6505.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/classical-literature- biographies/eratosthenes http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/astronomy- biographies/eratosthenes-cyrene#3404702023 http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/eratosthenes/

Euclid

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics 510 ASI Realm of numbers

10 R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.storyofmathematics.com/hellenistic_euclid.html https://explorable.com/euclid http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/euclid-436.php http://www.ancient.eu/Euclid/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/euclid http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/who-is-euclid-and-what-did-he-do.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Euclid-Greek-mathematician http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Euclid.html http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/euclid.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Euclid.html

Eudoxus of Cnidus

R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eudoxus-of-Cnidus http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/astronomy- biographies/eudoxus-cnidus http://biography.yourdictionary.com/eudoxus-of-cnidus http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/04/12/eudoxus-of-cnidus-the-man-who-changed- geometry/ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Eudoxus.html http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/eudoxus/eudoxus.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Eudoxus.html http://www.xrefer.com/entry/494351 http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0817824.html http://www.slider.com/enc/18000/Eudoxus_of_Cnidus.htm

Leonhard Euler

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information

11 153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Euler.html http://www.biography.com/people/leonhard-euler-21342391 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Euler.html http://www.physics.ucla.edu/class/85HC_Gruner/bios/euler.html http://www.cloudbiography.com/bios/euler.html http://www.mathcs.org/analysis/reals/history/euler.html http://www.storyofmathematics.com/18th_euler.html http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Euler/RouseBall/RB_Euler.html http://www.physics.ucla.edu/class/85HC_Gruner/bios/euler.html http://www.usna.edu/Users/math/meh/euler.html

F Fermat, Pierre de

153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions 511 DOR 100 Great problems of elementary mathematicians R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Fermat.html http://www.storyofmathematics.com/17th_fermat.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-de-Fermat http://www.famousscientists.org/pierre-de-fermat/ http://famous-mathematicians.org/pierre-de-fermat/ http://geniusrevive.com/en/139-pierre-de-fermat-one-of-the-greatest-mathematicians-of- all-times.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/pierre-de-fermat http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fermat/RouseBall/RB_Fermat.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/fermat.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fermat.html

Fisher, Ronald Aylmer

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Fisher.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Aylmer-Fisher http://www.famousscientists.org/ronald-fisher/ https://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/special/mss/fisher/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous- biographies/ronald-aylmer-fisher https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2085639 https://errorstatistics.com/2014/02/17/r-a-fisher-how-an-outsider-revolutionized- statistics-2/ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/FisherRonald.html http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P000405b.htm http://www.xrefer.com/entry/170860 http://homepages.which.net/~gk.sherman/eaaaaack.htm http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Ir.html

Fourier, Joseph

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fourier.html http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/fourier.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fourier.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Baron-Fourier http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/joseph-fourier-547.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/joseph-fourier/ http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fourier/RouseBall/RB_Fourier.html http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Fe.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/baron-jean-baptiste-joseph-fourier http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fourier.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/fourier.htm

13 G Galileo

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Galileo.html http://www.galileo-galilei.org/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galileo-Galilei http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/galileo.html http://www.history.com/topics/galileo-galilei http://www.famousscientists.org/galileo-galilei/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/galileo-galilei-123.php https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Galileo/life.html http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/galileo.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/galileo_timeline.html http://www.curriculumunits.com/galileo/

Galois, Evariste

14 http://www.geometry.net/scientists/galois_evariste.php

Gauss, Karl Friedrich

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Germain, Sophie

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 920 HENDERSON Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Germain.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Germain.html http://famous-mathematicians.org/sophie-germain/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophie-Germain http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/germain.html

15 http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/sophie-germain/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/sophie-germain http://biography.yourdictionary.com/sophie-germain https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm http://cuhwww.upr.clu.edu/mate/museo/mujeres/sophie.htm http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0820616.html

Gibbs, J. Willard

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Godel, Kurt

153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HENDERSON Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920.073 Concise dictionary of American Biography http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Godel.html http://www.exploratorium.edu/complexity/CompLexicon/godel.html http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/godel.html http://www.bartleby.com/65/go/Godel-Ku.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kurt-Godel

16 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/kurt-gdel-500.php https://www.usna.edu/Users/math/meh/godel.html http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/kurtgodel.html http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/kurt-godel https://www.quora.com/Did-the-mathematician-Kurt-G%C3%B6del-really-starve- himself-to-death-because-he-was-paranoid-that-he-was-in-danger-of-being-poisoned https://plus.maths.org/content/goumldel-and-limits-logic

Granville, Evelyn Boyd R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www.biography.com/people/evelyn-boyd-granville-21442045 http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous- biographies/evelyn-boyd-granville https://webfiles.uci.edu/mcbrown/display/granville.html http://www.blackpast.org/aah/granville-evelyn-boyd-1924 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evelyn-Granville http://biography.yourdictionary.com/evelyn-boyd-granville http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/granvill.htm http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/GRANVILLE.html http://www.princeton.edu/~mcbrown/display/granville.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Granville.html

H Hadamard, Jacques-Salomon

17 http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press- releases/hadamard-jacques http://blog.yovisto.com/jacques-hadamard-and-the-description-of-mathematical-thought/ http://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/jacques-hadamard-a-universal-mathematician

Hamilton, Sir William Rowan

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hamilton.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Rowan-Hamilton http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/william-rowan-hamilton/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/sir-william-rowan-hamilton-552.php http://www.hamilton2005.ie/biography.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/sir-william-rowan-hamilton http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/William_Rowan_Hamilton http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Hamilton/ http://www.emis.de/classics/Hamilton/ http://www.chemie.uni-bremen.de/stohrer/biograph/hamilton.htm

Hardy, G. H.

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hardy.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Godfrey-Harold-Hardy http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/g-h-hardy/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/g-h-hardy-141.php http://www.storyofmathematics.com/20th_hardy.html https://www.maths.ox.ac.uk/system/files/media/Godfrey%20Hardy_0.pdf http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hardy.html http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/G._H._Hardy/

18 http://mobydicks.com/lecture/GHHardyhall/wwwboard.html

Heine, Heinrich Eduard

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Hermite, Charles

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hermite.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/charles-hermite-493.php https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Hermite http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Ir.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/charles-hermite https://www.jstor.org/stable/2970554?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hermite.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/10-famous-french-mathematicians-and-their- contributions/ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07279a.htm http://cch.loria.fr/ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hermite.html

Hilbert, David

19 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hilbert.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Hilbert http://www.famousscientists.org/david-hilbert/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/david-hilbert-471.php http://famous-mathematicians.org/david-hilbert/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/20th_hilbert.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/david-hilbert/ http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/hilbert/ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hilbert.html http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/hilbert.html

Hipparchus

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Hopper, Grace Murray

R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 Inventors and Discoverers R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809 http://www.famousscientists.org/grace-murray-hopper/

20 http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/grace-murray-hopper/ http://www.thocp.net/biographies/hopper_grace.html https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/computers-and-computing- biographies/grace-hopper http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm http://www.netsrq.com/~dbois/hopper.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Hopper.html

Huygens, Christiaan

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Huygens.html http://www.wmw.utwente.nl/ges/gb/ch.htm http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Huygens.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/huygens.html http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/08sr-hygns-bio.htm https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christiaan-Huygens http://www.famousscientists.org/christiaan-huygens/ http://www.space.com/16070-christiaan-huygens.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/christiaan-huygens-4703.php http://www.brighthub.com/science/space/articles/50441.aspx http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Huygens/RouseBall/RB_Huygens.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/christiaan-huygens http://www.famousinventors.org/christiaan-huygens

Hypatia

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world

21 R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities R 920 Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hypatia.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hypatia http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/hypatia.html http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/ http://www.smithsonianmag.com/womens-history/hypatia-ancient-alexandrias-great- female-scholar-10942888/ http://biography.yourdictionary.com/hypatia-of-alexandria http://womenshistory.about.com/od/hypati1/a/hypatia.htm https://faithljustice.wordpress.com/2011/11/09/hypatia-mathematician-or-teacher/ http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hypatia.htm http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/HYPATIA.html http://hypatia.ucsd.edu/~kl/hypatia.html

J Jacobi, Karl Gustav Jacob

K Kepler, Johannes

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics

22 R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions 920 STE Famous scientists 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Kepler.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/People/kepler.html http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov/johannes.html http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/1995/lectures/kepler.html http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_kepler.html http://www.famousscientists.org/johannes-kepler/ http://www.space.com/15787-johannes-kepler.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/johannes-kepler-515.php http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/kepler.html http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/johanneskepler.html

Al-Khwarizmi

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Al-Khwarizmi.html http://salam.muslimsonline.com/~azahoor/khawariz.html http://www.math.utah.edu/history/al-khwarizmi.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Khwarizmi http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/al-khwarizmi/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/muammad-ibn-ms-al-khwrizm-6035.php http://www.famousscientists.org/muhammad-ibn-musa-al-khwarizmi/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/islamic_alkhwarizmi.html http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/contribution-al-khwarizmi-mathematics-and- geography http://www.ms.uky.edu/~carl/ma330/project2/al-khwa21.html http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Al_Khwarizmi.html

23 http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?zid=b26 3dfa03077ceb7573c6e33a97c11dd&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK16250 00130&userGroupName=frlopacplus&jsid=7afa979a7eb4cdc0a3285d4657aa3e66

Kolmogorov, Andrey Nikolayevich

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kolmogorov.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrey-Nikolayevich-Kolmogorov http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Andrey_Nikolaevich_Kolmogorov http://homepages.cwi.nl/~paulv/KOLMOGOROV.BIOGRAPHY.html http://kolmogorov.com/Kolmogorov.html http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/biographies/Kolmogorov.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press- releases/kolmogorov-andrei-nikolaevich http://mech.math.msu.su/English/history/kolmogor.html http://www.dam.brown.edu/people/yiannis/kolm.html http://www.stat.purdue.edu/~yiannis/kolm.html

Kovalevskaya, Sofya

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Kovalevskaya.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sofya-Vasilyevna-Kovalevskaya http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Kovalevskaya.html http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/kovalevsky.html http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/science-and-technology/sofia-kovalevskaya/ http://womenshistory.about.com/od/sciencemath1/a/Sofia-Kovalevskaya.htm http://biography.yourdictionary.com/sophia-vasilevna-kovalevsky http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/kova.htm http://www.joanspicci.com/kovalevskaia/ http://writetools.com/women/stories/kovalevskaya_sofya.html

24 http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/cit/citlckovalev.htm

L Lagrange, Joseph-Louis

R 031 Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lagrange.html https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Lagrange/ http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Lagrange/RouseBall/RB_Lagrange.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/joseph-louis-lagrange-446.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous- biographies/joseph-louis-louis-lagrange https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Louis-Lagrange-comte-de-lEmpire http://biography.yourdictionary.com/comte-joseph-louis-lagrange http://totallyhistory.com/joseph-louis-lagrange/ http://math.about.com/od/mathematicians/a/lagrange.htm http://famousastronomers.org/joseph-louis-lagrange/ http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/biographies/Lagrange.html http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Lagrange/RouseBall/RB_Lagrange.html http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/lagrange.html http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/tourclas/lagrange.htm http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/lagrange.htm

Laplace, Pierre-Simon

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Laplace.html

25 http://www.famousscientists.org/pierre-simon-laplace/ http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Laplace/RouseBall/RB_Laplace.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-Simon-marquis-de-Laplace http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/pierre-simon-laplace-6048.php http://famousastronomers.org/pierre-simon-laplace/ https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pierre-Simon_Laplace http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Laplace.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/astronomy- biographies/pierre-simon-marquis-de-laplace http://biography.yourdictionary.com/marquis-de-laplace http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/laplace.html http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0038.html

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HENDERSON Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Leibniz.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz http://www.famousscientists.org/gottfried-leibniz/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/17th_leibniz.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/gottfried-w-leibniz-536.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/gottfried-leibniz/ http://mally.stanford.edu/leibniz.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/leibniz.html http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Leibniz/RouseBall/RB_Leibnitz.html http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/l/leib-met.htm

Lobachevsky, Nikolay Ivanovich

26 R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikolay-Ivanovich-Lobachevsky http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/nikolai-ivanovich-lobachevsky http://www.math.wsu.edu/faculty/slapin/research/presentations/Lobachevsky.pdf http://www.russia-ic.com/people/education_science/l/108/ http://noneuclidean.tripod.com/lobachevsky.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/nikolai-ivanovich-lobachevskii http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/lobachevsky-nikolai-ivanovich.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lobachevsky.html http://www.hsu.edu/faculty/worthf/mathematicians/Lobachevsky/ http://www.geometry.net/Biographer/Lobachevsky.htm http://www.lpe.cic.unb.br/portfolios/visualmusic/musicalpolyhedrals/prints/lobachevsky. html

Lovelace, Augusta Ada

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 HENDERSON Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities http://www.biography.com/people/ada-lovelace-20825323 http://www.famousscientists.org/ada-lovelace/ http://famous-mathematicians.org/ada-lovelace/ http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/ada-lovelace/ http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/sciencemath1/a/bio_lovelace.htm http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/lovelace.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ada-Lovelace http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-ada-lovelace http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/augusta-ada-byron http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/adalovelace/ https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/love.htm http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/ada.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lovelace.html http://www.cs.fit.edu/~ryan/ada/lovelace.html http://www.seaham.com/heritage/ada.html http://www.geometry.net/scientists/lovelace_augusta_ada.php

M Mandelbrot, Benoit B.

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World

27 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Mandelbrot.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benoit-Mandelbrot http://www.biography.com/people/benoit-mandelbrot-9397050 http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/benoit-b-mandelbrot http://www.fractalwisdom.com/science-of-chaos/benoit-b-mandelbrot/ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/benoit-b-mandelbrot http://www.webofstories.com/play/benoit.mandelbrot/1 http://www.thocp.net/biographies/mandelbrot_benoit.htm https://www.ted.com/talks/benoit_mandelbrot_fractals_the_art_of_roughness http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/fractal/ http://www.cs.yale.edu/people/faculty/mandelbrot.html http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0831500.html

Mersenne, Marin

Minkowski, Hermann

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science

28 R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Minkowski.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-Minkowski http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/hermann-minkowski-3334.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/hermann-minkowski http://www.minkowskiinstitute.org/meetings/2017/born.html http://www.nndb.com/people/862/000171349/ http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Minkowski_Hermann.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/MinkowskiHermann.html http://www.xrefer.com/entry/494892 http://www.bartleby.com/65/mi/Minkowsk.html

Monge, Gaspard

N Napier, John

29 R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Napier.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Napier http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/john-napier-546.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/john-napier/ http://www.famousscientists.org/john-napier/ http://inventors.about.com/od/nstartinventors/a/John_Napier.htm http://famous-mathematicians.org/john-napier/ http://totallyhistory.com/john-napier/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/john-napier http://history-computer.com/People/NapiersBio.html http://www.scotlandsource.com/about/napier.htm http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~crumey/john_napier.html http://www-ppg.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/Languages/Napier88/JohnNapier/

Newton, Sir Isaac

R 503 WOR World Book Encyclopedia of Science 509 BIX The universe of Galileo and Newton 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions 511 DOR 100 Great problems of elementary mathematicians R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Newton.html http://www.biography.com/people/isaac-newton-9422656 https://www.newton.ac.uk/about/isaac-newton/life http://www.famousscientists.org/isaac-newton/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton http://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/isaac-newton.html http://www.livescience.com/20296-isaac-newton.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/isaac-newton/ http://www.storyofmathematics.com/17th_newton.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/isaac-newton-124.php http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Newton/RouseBall/RB_Newton.html http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html

Noether, Emmy

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Noether_Emmy.html https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/noether.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/27/science/emmy-noether-the-most-significant- mathematician-youve-never-heard-of.html http://www.awm-math.org/noetherbrochure/AboutNoether.html http://famous-mathematicians.org/emmy-noether/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emmy-Noether http://www.biography.com/people/emmy-noether-39432 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/emmy-noether-507.php http://www.famousscientists.org/emmy-noether/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/emmy-noether http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/noether.htm http://www.math.unl.edu/~awm/awm_folder/NoetherBrochure/AboutNoether.html http://www.physik.tu- muenchen.de/lehrstuehle/T32/matpack/html/Biographies/Noether_Emmy.html http://www.emmynoether.com/

P Pascal, Blaise

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 153 SMI The great mental calculators 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www.biography.com/people/blaise-pascal-9434176 https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Pascal/

31 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Blaise-Pascal http://famous-mathematicians.org/blaise-pascal/ http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/blaise-pascal/ http://www.famousscientists.org/blaise-pascal/ http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/men/pascal.html http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Pascal-Blaise.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/blaise-pascal http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Pascal.html http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Pascal/RouseBall/RB_Pascal.html http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/pascal_bla.html

Penrose, Roger

R 510 Bruno Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Penrose.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-Penrose http://biography.yourdictionary.com/roger-penrose https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WXTX0IUaOg http://www.worldofescher.com/misc/penrose.html http://discovermagazine.com/2009/sep/06-discover-interview-roger-penrose-says- physics-is-wrong-string-theory-quantum-mechanics https://plus.maths.org/content/roger-penrose-knight-tiles https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-penrose-12076/ http://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/penrose_roger_1931 http://www.worldofescher.com/misc/penrose.html http://www.tribunalen.net/srps/SRPSScientists.html http://www.sti.gr/parissis/auth_penrose_roger.html

Poincare, Henri

32 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/henri-poincare-448.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/henri-poincare/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/jules-henri-poincare http://www.storyofmathematics.com/19th_poincare.html http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/henripoincare.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Poincare.html http://www.exploratorium.edu/complexity/lexicon/poincare.html http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/poincare.html http://www-chaos.umd.edu/misc/poincare.html http://home.att.net/~o.caimi/Poincare.html

Poncelet, Jean-Victor

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Poncelet.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Victor-Poncelet http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/jean-victor-poncelet http://what-when-how.com/scientists/poncelet-jean-victor-1788-1867-french- mathematician-engineer-scientist/ http://blog.yovisto.com/jean-victor-poncelet-and-projective-geometry/ http://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/jean-victor-poncelet.html https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Mathematician:Jean-Victor_Poncelet https://books.google.com/books?id=4siw31DPONUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=jean+ victor+poncelet+mathematician+biography&source=bl&ots=b23Gyk- 0QM&sig=SZ0ZKHOkQNqWRZN20xfOpuoZf6Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWx8 bHs7rQAhUC4iYKHb96AwY4ChDoAQg3MAY#v=onepage&q=jean%20victor%20pon celet%20mathematician%20biography&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=MiZIWtX9AJUC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=jea n+victor+poncelet+mathematician+biography&source=bl&ots=APfUy7HDa0&sig=5Qs HkcUgtBWQlpv3xMl0FYK77p8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWx8bHs7rQAhUC4iY KHb96AwY4ChDoAQg8MAg#v=onepage&q=jean%20victor%20poncelet%20mathema tician%20biography&f=false http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Poncelet.html http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/people/p_poncelet/

Pythagoras

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information

33 153 SMI The great mental calculators R 503 World Book Encyclopedia of Science 510 ASI Realm of numbers R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 STE Famous scientists R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.003 SCI Scientists and Inventors (Macmillan Profiles series) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Pythagoras.html http://www.mathopenref.com/pythagoras.html http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/pythagoras-504.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/pythagoras/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pythagoras http://www.storyofmathematics.com/greek_pythagoras.html http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Pythagoras.html http://www.famousscientists.org/pythagoras/ http://famous-mathematicians.org/pythagoras/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy- biographies/pythagoras http://www.top-biography.com/9081-Pythagoras/ http://www.xrefer.com/entry/553316

R Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aiyangar

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Ramanujan.html http://www.biography.com/people/srinivasa-ramanujan-082515 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Srinivasa-Ramanujan http://www.famousscientists.org/srinivasa-ramanujan/ http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/srinivasa-ramanujan/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/srinivasa-ramanujan-503.php http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Ramanujan.html http://famous-mathematicians.org/srinivasa-ramanujan/ http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Ra.html http://www.hsu.edu/faculty/worthf/mathematicians/Ramanujan/

34 http://www.msri.org/development/notes5.html

Regiomontanus (Johann Muller)

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10628a.htm https://www.britannica.com/biography/Regiomontanus http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Regiomontanus http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/regiomontanus http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/famous-medieval-people/regiomontanus.htm http://nrich.maths.org/6908 http://www.learn-math.info/historyDetail.htm?id=Regiomontanus http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Regiomontanus.html http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/Johann%20Muller/ http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/Regiomontanus/

Riemann, Bernard

35 Robinson, Julia Bowman

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/robinson.htm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Robinson_Julia.html https://www.nap.edu/read/4560/chapter/21 http://www.awm-math.org/noetherbrochure/Robinson82.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/julia-bowman-robinson http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/julia-robinson/ http://biography.yourdictionary.com/julia-robinson http://logic.pdmi.ras.ru/~yumat/JRobinson/ http://www.desargues.univ-lyon1.fr/home/fem/biblio/biblio-1-11.html http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Rb.html

Russell, Bertrand

R 031 LIN Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/ http://www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell.htm http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1950/russell-bio.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bertrand-Russell http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/bertrand-russell-135.php http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/bertrand-russell/ http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/bertrandrussell.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/bertrand-arthur-william-russell http://www.biographybase.com/biography/russell_bertrand.html http://www.biographyonline.net/writers/bertrand-russell.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Russell.html http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~bertrand/

36 S Shannon, Claude Elwood

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers 920 HENDERSON Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Shannon.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shannon.html http://history.computer.org/pioneers/shannon.html http://biography.yourdictionary.com/claude-elwood-shannon http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/claude-elwood-shannon http://www.ams.org/notices/200201/fea-shannon.pdf https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Shannon http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/27/nyregion/claude-shannon-mathematician-dies-at- 84.html http://www.thocp.net/biographies/shannon_claude.htm https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/claude-e-shannon-founder/ https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401112/claude-shannon-reluctant-father-of-the- digital-age/ http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/courses/v610003/shan.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shannon.html

Sylvester, James Joseph

R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 Webster’s biographical dictionary R 920.073 Concise dictionary of American Biography http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Sylvester.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Joseph-Sylvester http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~aar/sylv/sylvchap.pdf http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/james-joseph-sylvester http://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-a-letter-of- james-joseph-sylvester-to-leopold-kronecker http://www.jstor.org/stable/2967796?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Sr.html http://www.ualr.edu/lasmoller/matrices.html http://grail.cba.csuohio.edu/~somos/sylvester.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Sylvester.html

37 T Tarski, Alfred

R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Tarski.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Tarski http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy- biographies/alfred-tarski http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Alfred_Tarski http://biography.yourdictionary.com/alfred-tarski http://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/alfred-tarski-life-and-logic http://history.computer.org/pioneers/tarski.html http://www.essentiallifeskills.net/Alfred-Tarski.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Tarski.html

Tartaglia, Niccolo Fontana

Taylor, Brook

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics

38 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/brook-taylor http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Taylor.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/brook-taylor/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Brook-Taylor http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/218/a-short-account-of-the-history-of-mathematics/5532/brook- taylor/ http://biography.yourdictionary.com/brook-taylor http://www.nndb.com/people/460/000098166/ http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Taylor.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/TaylorBrook.html http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/taylor.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/taylor.htm

Thales of Miletus

R 031 Lincoln Library of Essential Information R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 510 OSE Women in Mathematics 510.9 HOG Mathematics for the millions R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 AND Scientists of the ancient world R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Thales.html http://www.mathopenref.com/thales.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/thales/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thales-263.php https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thales-of-Miletus http://www.famousscientists.org/thales/ http://totallyhistory.com/thales/ http://famous-mathematicians.org/thales/ http://quatr.us/greeks/science/math/thales.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy- biographies/thales http://www.ancient.eu/Thales_of_Miletus/ http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/t/thales.htm http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/thales2/thales2.html

39 Torricelli, Evangelista

R 031 Lincoln Library of Essential Information 509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evangelista-Torricelli http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Torricelli.html http://www.famousscientists.org/evangelista-torricelli/ http://www.famousinventors.org/evangelista-torricelli http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/evangelista-torricelli-6408.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/physics- biographies/evangelista-torricelli http://biography.yourdictionary.com/evangelista-torricelli http://schoolworkhelper.net/evangelista-torricelli-biography-inventor-of-barometer/ http://www.nndb.com/people/605/000087344/ http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/toriceli.html http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6914/toreng.htm http://br.geocities.com/saladefisica9/biografias/torricelli.htm

Turing, Alan Mathison

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 510 Bruno Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 Inventors and Discoverers 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www.biography.com/people/alan-turing-9512017 http://www.turing.org.uk/publications/dnb.html http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Turing.html https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Turing http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/8-things-didnt-know-alan-turing/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/alan-mathison-turing http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/reference%20articles/Bio%20of%20Alan %20Turing.html http://www.nndb.com/people/952/000023883/ http://biography.yourdictionary.com/alan-mathison-turing http://famous-mathematicians.org/alan-turing/

40 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/alan-turing-4223.php http://history.computer.org/pioneers/turing.html http://www.btinternet.com/~glynhughes/sculpture/turing.htm http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0849730.html

V Von Neumann, John

153 SMI The great mental calculators R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 609 INV Inventors and Discoverers R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present R 920.073 CON Concise dictionary of American Biography https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-von-Neumann http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Von_Neumann.html http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/john-von-neumann/ http://www.famousscientists.org/john-von-neumann/ http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/john-von-neumann-481.php http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/vonNeumann.shtml http://math.bme.hu/~szasz/files/neumann.pdf http://famous-mathematicians.org/john-von-neumann/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/mathematics- biographies/john-von-neumann https://www.ias.edu/von-neumann http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/thinkers/Neumann.html http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/notebooks/von-neumann.html http://www.physics.umd.edu/robot/neumann.html

W Weierstrass, Karl

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World 920 HEN Modern Mathematicians 920 MCG McGraw Hill modern men of science R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Weierstrass.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Weierstrass.html

41 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Weierstrass http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/karl-weierstrass-482.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press- releases/weierstrass-karl-theodor-wilhelm https://www.reference.com/math/karl-weierstrass-6befe0ab93ba999f http://www.storyofmathematics.com/19th.html http://planetmath.org/node/39410 http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/W.html http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Weierstrass.html http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib/c ustom3/bios/weierstrass.htm

Weyl, Hermann

Whitehead, Alfred North

509 PAR Breakthroughs : a chronology of great achievements in science and mathematics R 510 BRU Vol. 4 Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World R 902.02 GRU The timetables of history R 920 NOT Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present

42 R 920 WEB Webster’s biographical dictionary http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/ http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Whitehead.html http://alfrednorthwhitehead.wwwhubs.com/ http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/alfred-north-whitehead/ http://www.biography.com/people/alfred-north-whitehead-9529782 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/alfred-north-whitehead-179.php https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-North-Whitehead http://pnarae.com/phil/main_phil/white/whitehead.htm http://www.erraticimpact.com/~american/html/whitehead.htm http://home.att.net/~quotesabout/alfrednorthwhitehead.html

Y Young, Grace Chisholm

R 920 Notable Notable Mathematicians From Ancient Times to the Present 920 PER Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians and related activities http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Chisholm_Young.html http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/young.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and- maps/young-grace-chisholm-1868-1944 http://www.apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Chisholm_Young http://www.geometry.net/scientists/young_grace_chisholm.php http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/young.htm http://www.desargues.univ-lyon1.fr/home/fem/biblio/biblio-1-9.html http://www.geometry.net/scientists/young_grace_chisholm.php http://www.math.twsu.edu/history/women/young.html