DOCSLIB.ORG

FINLAND SHOOTS DOWN 23 RUSS PLANES Weather FINAL FORECAST—PARTLY CLOUDY Winnipeg Wheat EDITION JULY OPEN 77J4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FINLAND SHOOTS DOWN 23 RUSS PLANES Weather FINAL FORECAST—PARTLY CLOUDY Winnipeg Wheat EDITION JULY OPEN 77J4 FINLAND SHOOTS DOWN 23 RUSS PLANES Weather FINAL FORECAST—PARTLY CLOUDY Winnipeg Wheat EDITION JULY OPEN 77J4 yOL. XXXIV.—No. 166. LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1941 18 PAGES GERMAN ADVANCE RUSSIA HALTED Heavy Raids Russian Soldiers Who Resist Aggression Of Nazi Hordes Nazi Thrusts Are Hurled Nipped Off On Finland Port of Turku Bombed Ten Soviet Claim Times in One Heavy Casualties Inflicted on Germans—Russians • Night Recapture Town—Says Nazis Go Into Action FINNS TO~RESIST "Drunk"—Attempt to Cross Prut TO UTMOST POWER River Foiled HELSINKI, Finland. June 26. ERLIN, June 26 — (A.P.) — D.N.B., German newt —TP)—President Risto Rytl of Finland, in a radio message to B agency, reported today ttiat Russian planes bombed his rountry even as Russian Bucharest, capital of Rumania, twice this morning. warplancs were carrying out HUN ADVANCE HALTED devastating air assaults, charged tonight that Soviet Russia had kifOSCOW, June 26—(A.P.)—Masses of Soviet troops, repeatedly threatened the In­ •1 thrown into the line after German armored units had dependence of Finland since ii^roken through in the drWe on Wilno (Vilna) in Lithu­ their peace of March, 1940. ania, re-formed the front and checked the Nazi advance, NEW BOMB BLASTS HELSINKI, Finland, June 26. Russian military dispatches declared today. —(/P)—Soviet air raiders kept up They reported Soviet troops holding tight also to devastating raids on Finland other points along the 1,000-mile battle front and said today, inflicting destruction over Przemysl, on the border of German-occupied Poland, was a wide area of the country. Heaviest hit, apparently, was recaptured in a Russian counter-attack. the Gulf of Bothnia port of Sale of vodka, wine and other* ' Turku, in southwest Finland, alchollc drinks was prohibited in which was raided 10 times last Moscow in a series of severe war­ night alone. Many were killed time rulings. Civilians were instruct­ Judgment Is and wounded there and damage ed to keep off the streets between was heavy, the government said. midnight and 4 a.m. and theatres, POLICY DECLARED restaurants and other public places The Russian bombardments con­ must close at 10:45 p.m. Reserved On tinued after Finland's declaration On the Lithuanian front, where she will resist with every means in the Nazis are attempting one of htr power and her claim that 23 their main pushes, the advance was held by massing, large numbers of Debt Act Case Soviet raiders had been shot down through yesterday. new troops in the German path. Red • The government, meanwhile, an- army leaders said. Saskatchewan Govt. Sup­ i.nounced President Risto Ryti would German infantry failed completely ' iroadcast to the nation at 8:25 in efforts to follow tanks through ports Arguments in . tonight. temporary gaps cut by the armored ;ftTie declaration or policy was shock vehicles, they asserted. They Favor of its Validity iade by Premier Juhka Rangell at did not disclose the fate of the tanks 'itL secret night session of parliament, that had tn-oken through other than OTTAWA, June 26—(CP)—Th« tcalled after repeated Russian air to say they had been "cut off." supreme court of Canada today ;|assaults had killed scores of pcr- The press published accounts of a reserved judgment after hearing: jwns, wounded hundreds more and fight along the banks of a river in arguments on a reference as to caused widespread property damage. the Ukraine where, it said, peasants the validity of the Alberta Debt VOTR OF CONFIDENCE Joined 40 frontier guards to hold off Adjustment Act of 1937 and The world was rocked with the announcement that ship pact. On a battlefront stretching nearly 2,000. miles aggression. Long reported to be the largest army and attacking Germans for two hours Rangell asserted the Soviet gov­ amendments. German forces had attacked Soviet Russia without any from Finland to the Black Sea, fierce fighting was report­ air force in the world, the Red force.'? are now being put until regular troops arrived. ernment had ignored requests for LEADS FOR ALBERTA formal declaration of war or an ultimatum. The Geiman ed in progress as Soviet troops (above) resisted Nazi to the test by the Nazi military machine. ATTACKS FOILED an explanation of these attacks, and Senator J. W. Farris, who led Itu attack took place in face of the Soviet-German friend­ Nazi eHorts to pierce Russian de­ that Finland thus had only one Alberta argument in support of the fences in the Brody and Lwow sec­ : course to pursue. He obtained a validity of the act, completed his tors In the centre of the battle front ' unanimous vote of confidence. case today and replies were made also "were encountering strong re­ The "e!;planation" is that Ger­ by Aime Geoffrion, acting for th« sistance on the part of counter­ man troops are on Finnish soil, ap­ federal attorney-general and W. N. attacking Red army troops, support­ parently to attack Soviet territory Tilley, for the Canadian Bankers ed by powerful blows of our ah: from the north as soon as the drive Armistice In Huns Claim Association and Mortgage Loans As­ force," a communique said. in the south attains sufficient pro­ sociation of Alberta, who asked that Italy s Lost Legion Farther south, repeated German- gress. the act be declared beyond the pow­ Rumanian attempts to force the (Nazi sources in Berlin claimed ^ *f* *{* ^ *{* ers of the province to enact. Prut river—boundary between Finland had decided to go formally SASKATCHEWAN SUPPORT Russia and Rumania for less than to war with Russia,. but Rangell's Syria Likely Being Driven From Pillar To Post In Ethiopia Big Success J. M. Stevenson, representing th« a year—were said to have been re­ announcement referred only to de­ attorney-general of Saskatchewan pulsed in the region around Cer- fence.) CAIRO, June 26—(/P)—In the "bad rest stumble wearily on. SHORT OF FOOD supported the Alberta argument tor nauti, capital of Bucovina, 25 miles lands" of the Danakil desert be­ In the Etiiiopian highlands where Sudanese Indians now are en­ validity of the act. He outlined HEAVY RAIDS tween the Red Sea and the eastern the rains ai-e turning mountain circling Gondar in the north, where from the Ukraine. provisions of the Saskatchewan debt fContinueo on Page Three.) ToBejouglit escarpment ot the Ethiopian pla­ streams into torrents, odd forces of Gen. Nasi's troops are knoVn to be In Battles German mechanized formations adjustment measure and asked for teau, hunger and thirst fight Brit­ Italians still put up half-hearted short of food and low In morale. were said to have suffered heavy rulings in respect to the Alberta South of this area two pKwkets of losses in yesterday's fighting in the Act which would be a guide to his TO FIGHT CATERPILLARS ain's battle against one of Italy's resistance. Opposition of Vichy Forces lost legions. Italians are surrounded. Say Land and Air Opera­ Lwow and Brody sectors of Soviet- province. ized Poland. Mr. Stevenson referred to argu- TORONTO, June 26.—(CP) — The Amidst a wilderness ot volcanic The forces in the Gondar region board of control last night voted Expected to End lava covering the ground like petri­ are estimated at three' brigades, tions Continue Accord­ more than half native. NAZI THRUST JUDGMENT IS $1,200 to combat the hordes of fied foam, broken units of forces ing to Schedule (Continued on Page Three.) (Contlnuea on page Three.) caterpillars that have invaded To­ Shortly defeated by South Africans at Kom- | Gen. Gazzera is holding out amid ronto. blotcha April 23 wander in the great the towering mountains of the Master Plan southwest despite the loss of 80O0 DAMASCUSBOMBING Danakil trough, often below the GIVE NO"DETArLS . level of the Red Sea, in one of the prisoners at Jimma. His force is BRITISH COLUMBIA ROUSES PREMIER'S IRE hottest areas of the world. estimated at 2000, the biggest re­ ABOUT FIGHTING ADOPTS SUMMER TIME maining, but his food problem is NEWS BULLETINS Harried ceaselessly by natives, VICHY, June 26.—(VP) — The less serious because this region is VICHY, June 26. —(VP)— The they are dilven from one brackish Of Hitler Is fertile. Germans have made no great VICTORIA, June 26.—((B—Prem­ French acknowledged tonight wen to the next on a journey which ! BACON BOARD WAITS ON PUBLIC REACTION ier T. D. Pattullo announced today that British forces in Syria have F^r westwai-d near the Su'ian forward movement against it is believed can have no end but : OTTAWA, June 26.—(CP.)—Before taking more drastic action : daylight saving would become effect­ driven about 50 miles north of frontier a few Italians still resist; Soviet Russia within the past 24 surrender. I the bacon board will wait for two weeks to see how the public reacts ive throughout British Columbia on Damascus and Nebck and in the ' Gambela area along the hours except for the drive in A few escaped to an internment ; to the appeal to Canadians to eat less pork so that shipments of ji July 7. The change will be made roughly halfway to the impor­ Baro liver in a primitive part oi the vicinity of Vilna. Lithuania, bacon and ham to Great Britain may be increased, an official of I: by order-ln-councU. camp in French Somaliland. The Now Known the country. according to information reach­ tant railroad and desert bus the board said today. route junction of Horns. ing miUtary circles here tonight. French dispatches from the Sir Ronald Cross Says CLAIM SUCCESSES CLAIM GERMANS HAVE OCCUPIED LWOW warfront, however, said Nebck BERLIN, June 26.—.-P)-The LONDON, June 26.—(CP.)—Reuters news agency tonight quoted still was in the hands of Vichy Britain Prepared to German high command declared roundabout, unconfirmed reports that the Germans had occupied The Left Hand forces.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Opettajan Opas
    opettajanSUOMEN opas PRESIDENTIT | OPETTAJAN OPAS 1 opettajan opas SUOMEN ITSENÄISYYDEN AIKA PRESIDENTTIEMME KAUTTA, ILMIÖPOHJAINEN OPETUSKOKONAISUUS KOHDERYHMÄ 6–9 -luokkalaiset, lukiolaiset, ammattikoululaiset, kerhot, opintopiirit, Suomeen muualta muuttaneet ns. uussuomalaiset AINEET Yhteiskuntaoppi, historia, äidinkieli, kotitalous, kuvaamataito, musiikki IDEA JA TAVOITE MITEN ķķ Avata Itsenäisen Suomen tarina niiden henkilöiden kautta, ķķ Katsotaan yhdessä alustuksena pdf-esitys Itsenäisen Suomen jotka ovat olleet aitiopaikalla ja vallan kahvassa Suomea historia lyhyesti. rakennettaessa ja sen olemassaoloa puolustettaessa. ķķ Jaetaan oppilaat ryhmiin, kukin ryhmä saa yhden presidentin. ķķ Ymmärtää, että yhteisten asioiden hoitaminen eli politiikka on ķķ Ryhmä katsoo lyhytfilmin omasta presidentistään. tärkeää ja monimutkaista (demokratiakasvatus). ķķ Ryhmä vastaa kysymyksiin, vastaukset löytyvät kunkin ķķ Lisätä arvostusta, rakkautta ja kiinnostusta Suomea kohtaan. presidentin tekstiosuudesta. ķķ Oppia ymmärtämään omat oikeutensa, velvollisuutensa ja ķķ Ryhmä tekee muita oman presidenttinsä aikakauteen liittyviä vaikutusmahdollisuutensa kansalaisena. tutkimuksia tavallisen ihmisen arkeen liittyen ja haastattelee sen ajan aikalaisia esim. paikallisessa palvelutalossa. ķķ Kokoaminen ja esittäminen muille oppilaille/koululle ryhmän valitsemalla tavalla. Esityksen yhteydessä näytetään aluksi lyhytfilmi omasta presidentistä. SUOMEN PRESIDENTIT | OPETTAJAN OPAS 2 KYSYMYKSET JOKAISESTA PRESIDENTISTÄ 1 MINKÄLAISISTA KOTIOLOISTA PRESIDENTTI
    [Show full text]
  • Kekkonen, Niinistö Ja Koivisto Arvostetuimmat Presidentit
    TIEDOTE 1 Kansalaiset: Kekkonen, Niinistö ja Koivisto arvostetuimmat presidentit Kaikkien aikojen arvostetuimmiksi tasavallan presidenteiksi nousevat Urho Kekkonen ja Sauli Niinistö, käy ilmi KAKS – Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiön kansalaistutkimuksesta. Noin puolet (49 %) suomalaisista asettaa Kekkosen kolmen eniten arvostamansa presidentin joukkoon. Kekkosen niskaan hengittää istuva tasavallan presidentti Niinistö, jonka myös lähes joka toinen (45 %) valitsee kolmen arvostetuimman joukkoon. Kolmanneksi arvostetuin on Mauno Koivisto (35 %). Itsenäisyyden ajan neljä ensimmäistä tasavallan presidenttiä sijoittuvat kansalaisten arvostuslistalla tyveen. Tulos ei tarkoita, etteikö heitä arvostettaisi, mutta tänä päivänä vähemmän kuin kolmea kärkeen sijoittunutta. Todennäköisesti ainakin nuoremmalle osalle väestöä heidän saavutuksensa ovat tuntemattomia. Sen sijaan neljä viimeisintä presidenttiä ovat kaikki kuuden arvostetuimman joukossa. Naiset arvostavat Halosta ja Koivistoa enemmän kuin miehet Miesten ja naisten välillä on eroa arvostuksissa. Kekkosen ja Niinistön arvostus on tosin suurinta molemmissa ryhmissä. Naiset antavat kuitenkin tunnustusta keskimäärää useammin etenkin Tarja Haloselle ja Mauno Koivistolle. Miehistä vain joka viides (22 %) sijoittaa Halosen kolmen arvostetuimman joukkoon, naisista kaksi viidestä (39 %). Miesten parissa mainitaan naisia useammin Ryti, Mannerheim ja Paasikivi. Halosen ja Ahtisaaren arvostus on hivenen korkeampaa nuorimman ikäluokan keskuudessa. Tulos kielii siitä, että etenkin alle 35-vuotiaat naiset
    [Show full text]
  • Pakotettu Sankari?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University Tampereen yliopisto Johtamiskorkeakoulu Politiikan tutkimuksen tutkinto-ohjelma PAKOTETTU SANKARI? Risto Rytin sankaruus ja uhrius Jenna Piiraine Pro gradu -tutkielma Ohjaaja: Tapio Raunio Tampereen yliopisto Johtamiskorkeakoulu Politiikan tutkimuksen tutkinto-ohjelma PIIRAINEN, JENNA: Pakotettu sankari? Risto Rytin sankaruus ja uhrius. Pro gradu –tutkielma, 76 s. Valtio-oppi Joulukuu 2014 Tutkielma käsittelee Risto Rytin toimia sotien aikana, erityisesti jatkosodan lopussa, sankaruuden viitekehyksen kautta. Sankaruuteen läheisesti liittyvä uhrius, uhraus ja uhrautuminen kuvastavat erityisesti Rytistä kerrottuja kertomuksia. Tutkimusote on kertomusanalyyttinen. Sankaruus ja tarinallisuus kuuluvat lähtökohtaisestikin yhteen. Sankaruus luodaan kertomusten välityksellä, joita sankarista kerrotaan. Kertomus on jonkun merkityksellisen asian välittämistä eteenpäin vaikkapa sanoin. Tarina on se kertomuksen syvärakenne, joka herättää kuulijassaan tunteita ja jättää tälle jonkin uskon. Sankaritarinoiden kertominen on myös poliittinen teko, sillä tarinan kertoja on muotoillut kertomuksensa haluamansalaiseksi. Kertomuksen esittäjä näkee asioiden välillä yhteyksiä, rajaa kertomansa asiat ja jopa juonellistaa kertomuksensa. Sankaruutta käsiteltäessä huomio kiinnittyy tässä tutkielmassa nationalismiin, sotaan, identiteettiin ja sankaruuden universaaleihin piirteisiin. Risto Rytin osalta tutkimuskysymys käsittelee
    [Show full text]
  • Letterhead Template
    Contact: Public Relations San Francisco Symphony (415) 503-5474 [email protected] sfsymphony.org/press SAN FRANCISCO SYMPHONY MUSIC DIRECTOR ESA- PEKKA SALONEN AWARDED HONORARY KNIGHTHOOD SAN FRANCISCO, CA (December 21, 2020)—San Francisco Symphony Music Director Esa- Pekka Salonen has been awarded an honorary KBE by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for his services to music and United Kingdom-Finland relations. Finnish-born conductor and composer Esa-Pekka Salonen has strong connections to the UK, where his international debut took place in 1983 when he was first invited to conduct the Philharmonia Orchestra in London. Salonen was the Philharmonia Orchestra’s Principal Guest Conductor from 1985–1994 and has been Principal Conductor there from 2008 through June 2021. Following his tenure in that position, he will become the Philharmonia Orchestra’s Artistic Advisor and Conductor Emeritus. “This is a true personal honour, but more than that, it is meaningful to have artists honoured at a national—at a historical—level. It shows an appreciation of art-making as a necessary part of society. A recognition that culture is who we are, not just what we do. I am grateful for my time in London and throughout the UK with the Philharmonia Orchestra. I share this with them,” says Esa-Pekka Salonen. Only a small number of Finns have received British honorary knighthoods. Salonen joins former Presidents Martti Ahtisaari and Urho Kekkonen, Prime Minister of Finland and President of the UN General Assembly Harri Holkeri, former President and Marshal of Finland C. G. E. Mannerheim and former Prime Minister, President and the Governor of the Bank of Finland Risto Ryti.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Vuosiajo AR 2017 Suomi 100 -Teemaan Liittyen Presidenttejä Ja Muistomerkkejä Perussääntö
    1 Vuosiajo AR 2017 Suomi 100 -teemaan liittyen Presidenttejä ja muistomerkkejä Perussääntö Ajon perussääntönä on SS1000–ajo, eli 1000 mailia 24 tunnissa. Matka todistetaan polttoaine-, ostos- tai pankkiautomaattikuiteilla. Ajetun matkan pituus lasketaan kuittipisteiden mukaan ajotarkastusohjelman lyhintä reittiä käyttäen. Erityissäännöt • ajossa kuvataan kahdeksan (8) kohdetta, joista kaksi (2) on presidenttikohteita ja viisi (5) sotahistoriakohdetta. Lisäksi kaikille pakollinen kohde on Urho Kekkosen syntymäkoti, Lepikon torppa Pielavedellä • kuvista on tunnistettava pyörän rekisterinumero ja kohde tai kuljettaja ja kuvattava kohde kuvattuna samaan kuvaan (selfie vrt vuosiajo 2012) Ajettu matka lasketaan kaikissa tapauksissa kuittien perusteella eli käyntikohde ei ole kuittipiste, ellei siitä ole erikseen kuittia. Ajossa hyväksyttävät presidenttikohteet (näistä 2 kpl) 1. Tarja Halonen Tarja Halosen puisto, Helsingin kaupunginteatterin vieressä Kohdekuvaksi paikasta kaupunginteatteri 2. Sauli Niinistö Seppä Laurin patsas, Salo 3. P.E. Svinhufvud Ukko-Pekan silta, Naantali 4. Risto Ryti Näköispatsas Porissa, Pohjoispuisto 5. Carl Gustaf Mannerheim 61.487047, 23.913251 Tampere 6. J.K. Paasikivi Muistomerkki Syntymäpaikalla, Hämeenkoski Huljalan kylä 7. Martti Ahtisaari Martti Ahtisaaren koulu, Kuopion Lehtoniemi, nimi koulun seinässä 8. Urho Kekkonen Muistopatsas Raahe 9. Mauno Koivisto Maunon kivi, Utsjoki Pahtavaara, levähdyspaikka Kaikille pakollinen käyntikohde 1. Lepikon torppa Pielavesi Ajossa hyväksyttävät sotahistoriakohteet (näistä
    [Show full text]
  • The Finnish War-Responsibility Trial, 1945–1946
    Historical Origins of International Criminal Law: Volume 2 Morten Bergsmo, CHEAH Wui Ling and YI Ping (editors) E-Offprint: Immi Tallgren, “Martyrs and Scapegoats of the Nation? The Finnish War-Responsibility Trial, 1945–1946”, in Morten Bergsmo, CHEAH Wui Ling and YI Ping (editors), Historical Origins of International Criminal Law: Volume 2, FICHL Publication Series No. 21 (2014), Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, Brussels, ISBN 978-82-93081-13-5. First published on 12 December 2014. This publication and other TOAEP publications may be openly accessed and downloaded through the website www.fichl.org. This site uses Persistent URLs (PURL) for all publications it makes available. The URLs of these publications will not be changed. Printed copies may be ordered through online distributors such as www.amazon.co.uk. © Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2014. All rights are reserved. 36 ______ Martyrs and Scapegoats of the Nation? The Finnish War-Responsibility Trial, 1945–1946 Immi Tallgren* 36.1. Why and How to Write about the Finnish War-Responsibility Trial Today? In place of a complicated empirical world, men hold to a relatively few, simple, archetypal myths, of which the conspiratorial enemy and the omnicompetent hero-savior are the central ones. In consequence, people feel assured by guidance, certainty and trust rather than paralyzed by threat, bewilderment, and unwanted personal responsibility for making judgements.1 For the political historian Karl Deutsch, a nation is “a group of people united by a mistaken view about the past and a hatred of their neighbours”. Accounts of the past are one of the ways in which individuals and communities construct their identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania and Finland in the Aftermath of the Operation Barbarossa (1941)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Revista Română pentru Studii Baltice şi Nordice, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 249-284 ROM “ALLIES WITHOUT ALLIANCE” TO CONCERTED ACTION: ROMANIA AND F FINLAND IN THE AFTERMATH OF OPERATION BARBAROSSA (1941) Silviu Miloiu Valahia University of Targoviste, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This study describes the relationship between two small and lesser states joining the German attack against Soviet Union in an attempt to recapture the territories lost to Soviet Union in 1940. It is conceived as an in-depth analysis of the Romanian-Finnish relations based on the criticism of archival sources discovered in the Romanian, Finnish and British archives. Becoming “allies without alliance” almost overnight, the relations between the two countries acknowledged a quick shift from low profile bonds to an agreement based on a combination of balance of power and joint action. The aim was to remove the threat Russia was posing to the two countries and to increase their influence at a peace conference to be open following the expected defeat of their big neighbour. Romania was the advocate of closer ties between the two countries keeping in line with its search for influence rather than autonomy in its foreign relations, while Finland was more prudent consistent with its choice for autonomy rather than influence. Rezumat: Acest studiu descrie relaţiile dintre două state mici şi mijlocii care s-au alăturat atacului german împotriva Uniunii Sovietice într-o încercare de a-şi recâştiga teritoriile pierdute în favoarea acestei mari puteri răsăritene vecine în anul 1940.
    [Show full text]
  • COUNTERING the SOVIET GREAT OFFENSIVE on the KARELIAN ISTHMUS in 1944 – the SIGNIFICANCE of the EUROPEAN THEATRE of WAR in CONTEXT Adj
    COUNTERING THE SOVIET GREAT OFFENSIVE ON THE KARELIAN ISTHMUS IN 1944 – THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EUROPEAN THEATRE OF WAR IN CONTEXT Adj. Prof. Lasse Laaksonen (Finland) With German support, the Finnish army had been able to retake areas lost during the Winter War fought against the Soviet Union. They had advanced to the Olonets Isthmus in East Karelia and stopped at the Svir River line. Despite German demands, President Risto Ryti and Supreme Commander Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Marshal of Finland, refused to launch an offensive against Leningrad. A political union with Germany was also declined. By 1944, the political situation concerning the war had become unfavourable for Finland. The Soviet Union had grown stronger after the Soviets had seized the initiative from Germany on the Eastern Front, and this had had an effect on the Finnish position. Tentative plans for peace had failed after the great power had stepped up its demands. Finland was also all but dependent on the munitions aid and grain deliveries provided by Germany. When the siege of Leningrad crumbled in January 1944, the Soviets began to pay more attention to the Finnish battlefront. It had long remained quiet, as no notable battles had been fought for some years. Irritated by Finland’s attempts to achieve a separate peace in April, Germany had cut off aid deliveries. This had a detrimental effect on the small Finnish army’s defence capacity. The Soviets had already attempted to break the Finnish backbone by bombing Helsinki heavily on three separate occasions in February. The consensus in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (the so-called Stavka) was that defeating Finland would further the efforts to drive Germany out of the Baltics.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech on the Bicentenary of the Bank of Finland, 6 May 20111
    SPEECH ON THE BICENTENARY OF THE BANK OF FINLAND, 6 MAY 20111 Mr. Governor - Erkki, Fellow Governors, Hyvät Naiset ja Herrat, Mina Damer och Herrar, Ladies and Gentlemen, Bicentenaries are special occasions. In my lifetime, we have experienced the bicentenaries of American Independence and the French Revolution. In comparison with those two events, you might think that the founding of the Bank of Finland would be a less significant event. You would be wrong. In fact, the Bank of Finland is a remarkable institution. Created by the reforming spirit of Tsar Alexander I, making it the fourth oldest central bank in the world, the Bank of Finland started life representing only one part of a larger Russian state, issuing first kopecks and then its own markka notes, and is now part of a European monetary union with a single currency. Much happened along the way, as Erkki Liikanen explained yesterday and as is admirably described in the superb history of the Bank by Antti Kuusterä and Juha Tarkka. 2 As that book makes clear, the history of the Bank of Finland is one of continuous involvement with the international economic scene. Founded at a time of monetary disarray in Europe, shepherding its nation towards independence at a time of turmoil in the Great War, dealing with the challenges of the gold standard and its subsequent breakdown in the interwar period, and finally preserving national independence and subsequent integration into European monetary union, the Bank of Finland has shown the way to its bigger brothers on more than one occasion. 3 The importance of the Bank of Finland in the political and economic life of this country was evident when I first visited the Bank more than forty years ago – long before I visited the Bank of England for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Bank of Finland
    Bank of Finland Lennart Segerstråle Finlandia-Frescos The Finlandia frescos pained by Lennart Segerstråle on the staircase walls of the Bank of Finland’s main building were unveiled on 4 May 1943. In this brochure, art historian Helmiriitta Sariola discusses the frescos’ origins and Segerstråle’s career. Segerstråle himself described the content of the frescos in a leaflet published in 1943. A full translation of this leaflet is included in this brochure. 2 Contents Helmiriitta Sariola: War overSHadoWed tHe artiSt’S Work 4 lennart SegerStråle: Finlandia FreSco paintingS in tHe Bank oF Finland 10 The Finlandia frescos 10 The Bank of Finland staircase 10 Technique 11 The motifs 14 VICTORY: Gratitude and faith Lennart Segerstråle Works in Brochure © Kuvasto 2010 Photos: Matias Uusikylä. 3 War overshadoWed tHe artiSt’S Work The unveiling of Lennart Segerstråle’s Norway, attracted a great deal of appeal, art should be incorporated (1892–1975) Finlandia frescos on attention. In addition to the national in the current social programme: ‘in 4 May 1943 was considered one of romantic spirit, the expressive implementing building works’ the the most significant art events of the tendency in Norwegian fresco art most skilled artists should be wartime years. However, the frescos culminated in societal affirmation. assigned tasks ‘that would guarantee – ‘Finland Awakens’ and ‘Finland As the achievements of Norwegian full decoration of buildings and, at Builds’ – painted on the staircase monumental painting became better the same time, give Finnish art the walls of the Bank of Finland’s main known in Finland towards the end possibility to fulfil its greatest social building (completed in the 1880s) of the 1930s, discussion arose on task’.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidenttien Elämäkertatyöryhmän Mietintö
    Presidenttien elämäkertatyöryhmän mietintö Valtioneuvoston kanslian raporttisarja 5/2008 Presidenttien elämäkertatyöryhmän mietintö Valtioneuvoston kanslian raporttisarja 5/2008 Julkaisija KUVAILULEHTI VALTIONEUVOSTON KANSLIA 30.6.2008 Tekijät Presidenttien elämäkertatyöryhmä Julkaisun laji Toimeksiantaja Toimielimen asettamispäivä Raporttisarjan julkaisu Valtioneuvoston kanslia 16.1.2008 Julkaisun nimi Presidenttien elämäkertatyöryhmän mietintö Tiivistelmä Valtioneuvoston kanslian asettama presidenttien elämäkertatoimikunta on selvittänyt Suomen presidenttien elämäkerrallista historiantutkimustilannetta. Työryhmä on todennut nykyisen tutkimustilanteen olevan moninainen ja monilta osin puutteellinen. Työryhmä mietinnössään esittää, että osana Suomi 100 -juhlavuoden juhlistamista julkaistaisiin yhtenäinen elämäkertasarja presidenteistä Ståhlbergistä Koivistoon (9 osaa). Tutkimustyötä johtaisi pitkäjänteisesti sitoutunut ja tieteellisesti pätevä toimikunta, joka valitsisi elämäkertojen kirjoittajat ja hyväksyisi tutkimukset julkaistaviksi. Elämäkertojen kirjoittajiksi valittaisiin yksi kokenut tutkija elämäkertaa kohden, jolta edellytettäisiin tutkimuksessaan tarkkoja lähdeviittauksia ja primaariaineiston käyttöä. Teokset julkistettaisiin juhlavuoden alkupuolella vuonna 2017. Avainsanat Avainsanatelämäkerrat, presidentit, poliittinen historia, tutkimus Sarjan nimi ja numero Kieli Kokonaissivumäärä Valtioneuvoston kanslian raporttisarja 5/2008 Fi 26 ISBN (nid) ISBN (PDF) ISSN 978-952-5631-87-6 978-952-5631-88-3 - Kustantaja Painopaikka Valtioneuvoston
    [Show full text]
  • The Problem of the Finnish Separate Peace, US Initiatives, and the Second Front in 1943
    41 Henry Oinas-Kukkonen The Problem of the Finnish Separate Peace, US Initiatives, and the Second Front in 1943 Introduction “Throughout the remainder of 1943, the United States sought Finnish withdrawal from the war,” states the US Embassy’s book, U.S.-Finnish Diplomatic Relations, published in 1999.1 Americans did try to push the Finns to switch sides after the United States (US) entered World War II in 1941. For example, US diplomatic representatives in Helsinki and US intelligence agents, such as the Photojournalist Thérèse Bonney, approached the Finns in 1942 and 1944 to put pressure on them.2 However, in Finnish president Risto Ryti’s (1889–1956) memoir, published in 2012, he claims that secret information was received from a US official indicating that Finland should not establish a separate peace agreement with the Soviet Union in the autumn of 1943.3 This paper analyzes and explains this inconsistency and how it was linked to the Allied forces’ war effort prior to the D-day landing at Normandy. Finland is a small country and was the only Western-type republican democracy in northeastern Europe during World War II. It was not occupied, but it was severely damaged after the 1939–1940 Russo-Finnish Winter War. The Finns wanted to restore the country’s territory that was lost in the Winter War. When Germany occupied Denmark and Norway in April 1940, Finland was surrounded by the Communist Soviet Union and Nazi Germany and had to negotiate diplomatically with these two dictatorships. It feared the Soviet Union and the threat of losing its independence.
    [Show full text]