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Empowering Socially Excluded Elderly Within Russian Minority in Estonia and Finland
EMPOWERING SOCIALLY EXCLUDED ELDERLY WITHIN RUSSIAN MINORITY IN ESTONIA AND FINLAND TALLINN & HELSINKI 2009 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Theoretical background of the research .......................................................................... 3 1. 1 Reasons for emigration and its history in Estonia and Finland .............................. 3 Estonia......................................................................................................................... 3 Finland ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Quality of life, well-being, self-care ......................................................................... 5 1.2.1 The concept and nature of quality of life ........................................................... 5 1.2.2 Measuring the quality of life .............................................................................. 6 2. Researsh aim, method, results ......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Aim of the research ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Method ...................................................................................................................... 8 Focus-group data and background .............................................................................. 8 2.3 Results ...................................................................................................................... -
NÄIN KOIMME KANSANRINTAMAN Puoluepoliitikkojen Muistelmateosten Kerronta Vuoden 1966 Hallitusratkaisuun Johtaneista Tekijöistä
Lauri Heikkilä NÄIN KOIMME KANSANRINTAMAN Puoluepoliitikkojen muistelmateosten kerronta vuoden 1966 hallitusratkaisuun johtaneista tekijöistä Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta Historian pro gradu-tutkielma Marraskuu 2019 TIIVISTELMÄ Heikkilä, Lauri: Näin koimme kansanrintaman – Puoluepoliitikko!en muistelmateosten kerronta vuoden 1966 hallitusratkaisuun johtaneista teki!öistä pro gradu-tutkielma %ampereen yliopisto Historian tutkinto-ohjelma Marraskuu 2019 Tässä pro gradu-tutkielmassa tutkitaan poliitikkojen muistelmia !a niiden kautta muodostuvaa kuvaa vuoden 1966 hallitusratkaisuun johtaneista teki!öistä' ainopiste on puolueissa toimineissa poliitikoissa, !oilla on takanaan merkittä"ä ura hallituksen tai eduskunnan tehtävissä tai puolueiden !ohtopaikoilla' Muistelmien perusteella luotua kuvaa tarkastellaan muistelma-käsitteen kautta !a poliittisia- sekä valtadiskursse!a kriittisen diskurssianal&&sin periaatteita noudattaen. Muistelmissa tar!ottu poliittinen selit&s on usein monis&isempi !a itsere(lektoivampi kuin a!anjohtaiset poliittiset selit&kset, mutta poliittinen painolasti !a poliittinen selit&starve kuultaa muistelmistakin läpi' oliitikot !atkavat !o aktiiviurallaan alkanutta diskurssia p&rkien varmistamaan poliittisen perintönsä säil&misen, mutta he tavoittele"at m&$s tulkitun historian omista!uutta kokemistaan asioista, ettei heidän tulkintansa !äisi unohduksiin !a etteivät muut tulkinnat ota sitä tilaa, jonka koki!at koke"at kuuluvan heille itselleen. %arkasteltavat muistelmateokset ovat )* :n +a(ael aasion Kun aika on kypsä -
Strategic Low Profile and Bridge-Building: Finnish Foreign Policy During Mauno Koivisto's Presidency
Strategic Low Profile and Bridge-Building: Finnish Foreign Policy during Mauno Koivisto's Presidency Michiko Takagi Graduate Student of Nagoya University 1. Introduction This paper focuses on Finnish foreign policy conducted by Mauno Koivisto, who was the President of Finland between 1981 and 1994. In the beginning of 80s when he took office as president, relationship between superpowers was aggravated and the international tension flared up again, just called as “New Cold War”. However, after the change of political leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, the East and West tension relieved drastically, which eventually led to the end of the Cold War and reunification of Germany. Furthermore, a number of remarkable transformations in Europe began to occur, such as democratization in East European states, collapse of the Soviet Union and acceleration of European economic and political integration. During the Cold War, Finland maintained its independence by implementing “good-neighboring policies” towards the Soviet Union based on YYA treaty, bilateral military treaty with the Soviet Union (1948)1）, on the other hand, in spite of this, by pursuing policy of neutrality. In the period of “Détente” of 70s, Urho Kekkonen, the President of Finland at the time, carried out policy of active neutrality, which culminated in success of “Helsinki Process” in 1975 and this Finnish policy of bridge-building between East and West increased its presence in the international community. However, Finnish position and presence as a neutral country fluctuated during the “New Cold War” and the following end of the Cold War. This 1） The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (Sopimus ystävyydestä, yhteistoiminnasta ja keskinäisestä avunannosta). -
FINLAND SHOOTS DOWN 23 RUSS PLANES Weather FINAL FORECAST—PARTLY CLOUDY Winnipeg Wheat EDITION JULY OPEN 77J4
FINLAND SHOOTS DOWN 23 RUSS PLANES Weather FINAL FORECAST—PARTLY CLOUDY Winnipeg Wheat EDITION JULY OPEN 77J4 yOL. XXXIV.—No. 166. LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1941 18 PAGES GERMAN ADVANCE RUSSIA HALTED Heavy Raids Russian Soldiers Who Resist Aggression Of Nazi Hordes Nazi Thrusts Are Hurled Nipped Off On Finland Port of Turku Bombed Ten Soviet Claim Times in One Heavy Casualties Inflicted on Germans—Russians • Night Recapture Town—Says Nazis Go Into Action FINNS TO~RESIST "Drunk"—Attempt to Cross Prut TO UTMOST POWER River Foiled HELSINKI, Finland. June 26. ERLIN, June 26 — (A.P.) — D.N.B., German newt —TP)—President Risto Rytl of Finland, in a radio message to B agency, reported today ttiat Russian planes bombed his rountry even as Russian Bucharest, capital of Rumania, twice this morning. warplancs were carrying out HUN ADVANCE HALTED devastating air assaults, charged tonight that Soviet Russia had kifOSCOW, June 26—(A.P.)—Masses of Soviet troops, repeatedly threatened the In •1 thrown into the line after German armored units had dependence of Finland since ii^roken through in the drWe on Wilno (Vilna) in Lithu their peace of March, 1940. ania, re-formed the front and checked the Nazi advance, NEW BOMB BLASTS HELSINKI, Finland, June 26. Russian military dispatches declared today. —(/P)—Soviet air raiders kept up They reported Soviet troops holding tight also to devastating raids on Finland other points along the 1,000-mile battle front and said today, inflicting destruction over Przemysl, on the border of German-occupied Poland, was a wide area of the country. -
Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO As Security Organisations
POST-NEUTRAL OR PRE-ALLIED? Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO as Security Organisations Tapani Vaahtoranta Faculty Member Geneva Center for Security Policy email: [email protected] Tuomas Forsberg Director Finnish Institute of International Affairs email: [email protected] Working Papers 29 (2000) Ulkopoliittinen instituutti (UPI) The Finnish Institute of International Affairs Tapani Vaahtoranta - Tuomas Forsberg POST-NEUTRAL OR PRE-ALLIED? Finnish and Swedish Policies on the EU and NATO as Security Organisations This report was made possible by NATO Research Fellowships Programme 1998/2000. We would also like to thank Niklas Forsström for his contribution in preparing the report as well as Jan Hyllander and Hanna Ojanen for comments on earlier drafts. We are also grateful to Fredrik Vahlquist of the Swedish Embassy in Helsinki and Pauli Järvenpää of the Finnish Representation to NATO who were helpful in organizing our fact finding trips to Stockholm in November 1999 and to Brussels in April 2000. Finally, Kirsi Reyes, Timo Brock and Mikko Metsämäki helped to finalise this Working Paper. 2 Contents Finland and Sweden: Twins, Sisters, or Cousins? 3 The Past: Neutrals or “Neutrals”? 7 Deeds: The Line Drawn 14 Words: The Line Explained 19 The Debate: The Line Challenged 27 Public Opinion: The Line Supported 34 The Future Line 37 3 Finland and Sweden: Twins, Sisters, or Cousins? At the beginning of the 21st century – a decade after the end of the Cold War – two major developments characterise the transformation of the European security landscape. The first development is the NATO enlargement and its evolving strategic concept that was applied in the Kosovo conflict. -
The Managerial Cube
ARTIKKELIT• RAIMO NURMI 269 The managerial cube Raimo Nurmi tinuum (see e.g. Nurmi, 1994, for another con ABSTRACT ceptualization of the relation between the two concepts). Many management textbooks argue that top The article introduces a manageria! cube thai management is in charge of the strategy and it consists of three continua: The first is management delegates the operations to the middle manage vs. leadership, the second strategic vs. op�rative, the third responsibility vs. power. The Pres1dents of ment and operative personnel. ln fact, top man Finland are reviewed and classified by means of the agement tends to be loaded with much opera cube. Admittedly, the interpretations remain tive routine (Mintzberg, 1973), and, strategies debatable. Nonetheless, it is argued thai the cube often emerge from middle management or even has potential for further conceptual refi�ement, empirical measurement and use as an mstrument for from the operative personnel (Viitanen, 1993). AII management development. manageria! tasks have, accordingly, strategic and operative qualities. Strategic qualities purport making the organization fit with its environment, and they include managing and leading chang Key words: Management, leadership, strategy, operations, responsibility, power. es, transitions and transformations. Operative qualities mean to implement the given strategy - or, in fact, sometimes even working without a strategy. ln this article, the two concepts are seen to make up a continuum. 1. INTRODUCTION Responsibility vs. power is regarded in this article as the third manageria! continuum. Re Management and leadership are established sponsibility refers to manageria! behaviour to concepts in literature. Management as a "coun maintain or improve the position of the organiza terpoint" of leadership refers to manageria! work tion even at the cost of the manager - the cost process: e.g., the functions of management (like may be stress, unpleasant decisions, bad pub planning, coordinating, controlling, etc.) have licity and other persona! problems. -
And Ethnicisation of Migration Discourse: the Ingrian Finnish Right To
1 The ‘Secularisation’ and Ethnicisation of Migration Discourse: The Ingrian Finnish Right to Return in Finnish Politics Nicholas Prindiville and Titus Hjelm (Accepted for Publication in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27/02/2017) ABSTRACT Finland’s Right to Return policy for Ingrian Finns presented Russian and Estonian citizens that the Finnish government deemed to have an ancestral connection to Finland the legal means to resettle in Finland. The policy existed from 1990 to 2010, and was initially driven by Finnish President Mauno Koivisto, who spoke publicly of his belief that the Ingrian Finnish minority in Russia was Finnish because it was Lutheran rather than Orthodox. However, as the political discussion on the Ingrian Finns’ identity and Right to Return continued into the 1990s and 2000s, Finnish politicians increasingly abandoned the view of a common Lutheran identity between Ingrian Finns and Finland, and shifted the discussion to language, ancestry and historical memory, which were used to both endorse and disendorse Ingrian Finns’ Finnishness. We argue that the disappearance of religion from the Right to Return discourse was a strategic—if not necessarily conscious—choice that emphasized the more primordial aspects of Finnish identity (and the Ingrian Finns’ lack of those), which in turn enable stricter restrictions and, ultimately, the discontinuation of the policy. In April 1990, Finland’s then-President Mauno Koivisto sat down to a televised interview, part of which focused on his decision to instruct the Finnish Immigration Service to grant residence permits to Ingrian Finns as ‘returnee’ migrants. The Immigration Service defined returnee migrants as those who can prove ‘Finnish ancestry or otherwise a close connection with Finland’.1 Koivisto argued that Ingrian Finns met this qualification as the descendants of Finnish migrants to the historical province of Ingria, nowadays part of north-western Russia and Estonia. -
Kekkonen, Niinistö Ja Koivisto Arvostetuimmat Presidentit
TIEDOTE 1 Kansalaiset: Kekkonen, Niinistö ja Koivisto arvostetuimmat presidentit Kaikkien aikojen arvostetuimmiksi tasavallan presidenteiksi nousevat Urho Kekkonen ja Sauli Niinistö, käy ilmi KAKS – Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiön kansalaistutkimuksesta. Noin puolet (49 %) suomalaisista asettaa Kekkosen kolmen eniten arvostamansa presidentin joukkoon. Kekkosen niskaan hengittää istuva tasavallan presidentti Niinistö, jonka myös lähes joka toinen (45 %) valitsee kolmen arvostetuimman joukkoon. Kolmanneksi arvostetuin on Mauno Koivisto (35 %). Itsenäisyyden ajan neljä ensimmäistä tasavallan presidenttiä sijoittuvat kansalaisten arvostuslistalla tyveen. Tulos ei tarkoita, etteikö heitä arvostettaisi, mutta tänä päivänä vähemmän kuin kolmea kärkeen sijoittunutta. Todennäköisesti ainakin nuoremmalle osalle väestöä heidän saavutuksensa ovat tuntemattomia. Sen sijaan neljä viimeisintä presidenttiä ovat kaikki kuuden arvostetuimman joukossa. Naiset arvostavat Halosta ja Koivistoa enemmän kuin miehet Miesten ja naisten välillä on eroa arvostuksissa. Kekkosen ja Niinistön arvostus on tosin suurinta molemmissa ryhmissä. Naiset antavat kuitenkin tunnustusta keskimäärää useammin etenkin Tarja Haloselle ja Mauno Koivistolle. Miehistä vain joka viides (22 %) sijoittaa Halosen kolmen arvostetuimman joukkoon, naisista kaksi viidestä (39 %). Miesten parissa mainitaan naisia useammin Ryti, Mannerheim ja Paasikivi. Halosen ja Ahtisaaren arvostus on hivenen korkeampaa nuorimman ikäluokan keskuudessa. Tulos kielii siitä, että etenkin alle 35-vuotiaat naiset -
Commemorative Speech at the Funeral of President Mauno Koivisto 25 May 2017
President of the Republic Sauli Niinistö – Commemorative speech at the funeral of President Mauno Koivisto 25 May 2017 Embargo at ca 2.20 pm CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY A great Finn has departed from our midst. Mauno Henrik Koivisto, the ninth President of the Republic, has passed into eternity. He has left us, but remains close to us. In terms of his ideas, ways, values and principles, he is still with us. Let us now remember him; it is as if Finland’s success story is told in pictures before our very eyes. President Koivisto's uniqueness did not lie in the fact that he knew the people, but that the people knew him. The people knew him; recognized him, even if his message was sometimes described as opaque or open to interpretation. In this, the people were a wise interpreter. His thoughtful, deliberative way of approaching issues brought the ordinary citizen close to the statesman, perhaps closer than to any other in Finland’s history. Mauno Koivisto’s pithy, sharply analytical and often humorous remarks remain embedded in the essence of what it is to be Finnish. They reflect a way of thinking, principles and values that still affect our actions and deeds. Only a man who is not just a great statesman, but also a great person, can make such an impression on his own people. * * * Work, education and trust are the cornerstones of Finland's success and prosperity. Mauno Koivisto was a strong, personal example of each of these. The work ethic shone throughout his life in a uniquely varied career ranging from carpenter to harbour master, from school teacher to Governor of the Bank of Finland, and from Minister of Finance to Prime Minister and, finally, President of the Republic. -
Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel
Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel - A piece of history in the heart of Helsinki Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel is a landmark building in the heart of Helsinki. The construction of the building was completed in 1921, and it initially served as the headquarters of SOK, Finland’s leading consumer cooperative. A new hotel wing was built in 1999. Today Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel is protected by Finland’s National Board of Antiquities and represents a significant chapter in the history of commerce in Finland. The cornerstone of the SOK headquarters was laid on the eve of Finnish independence on 5 December 1917, though the ensuing Finnish Civil War delayed construction. The building was also home to the Elonvara and Tulenvara insurance companies, the Finnish Co-op School, as well as SOK employees and their families. Training services for co-operative members were also provided on the premises. Prosperity on display The main entrance to the building is located on the corner of Mikonkatu and Vilhonkatu in downtown Helsinki. The building architects, Kauno S. Kallio and Oiva Kallio, designed the entrance to lead to a spacious lobby with stained glass painting by Finnish artist Juho Rissanen. The paintings depicted scenes from SOK’s original business areas: fishing, maritime trade, consumer goods and agriculture. The same motifs were repeated as decorative patterns in the lobby’s oak panelling. From the lobby, visitors proceeded to a vaulted exhibition hall, where co-operative members could choose merchandise for their shops. Almost every type of consumer good – from canned meat to evening gowns – was displayed in the hall. -
Northern Flank by A
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 12, Number 4, January 29, 1985 Northern Flank by A. Borealis Koivisto's diplomacy: made in Russia necker discreetly visited Stockholm, Finnish President Koivisto visited Palme in Stockholm to explain allegedly for the congress of the tiny Swedish Communist Party (VPK). why Sweden shouldfollow Finland's example. However, informed observers believe that the visit, which was only reported after thefact by East German TV, must have had a much more important pur pose, such as perhaps a special con sultation with Palme. F rom the very beginning of the new tempted to smooth over the resent The Palme regime, in fact, is year, Stockholm has been a center of ment caused by Soviet military incur launching a broad Asian "disarma hectic diplomatic activity. On 1 an. 7, sions into Swedish waters and air ment" offensive. Palme himself will Finnish President Mauno Koivisto paid space. visit India on 1 an. 26, to push the so a dramatic one-day official visit to The security spokesman of the called "Five Continent Initiative," Stockholm, and three days before him, Moderate Party, Carl Bildt, stated that which includes Moscow-inspired ideas East German dictator Erich Honecker the Moderates had assured Koivisto of a "nuclear freeze" and "nuclear-free also surfaced in the Swedish capital. that a non-socialist government zones." The sponsors of the initiative, Both Premier Olof Palme himself and which is not unlikely to result from the the Five Continent Group, will meet several of his associates are touring September elections this year-would in India, including Greece's Andreas most of Asia during 1 anuary, as sales cling to the same "traditional Swedish Papandreou, Argentina's Raul Alfon men for the disarmament policies of neutrality policy" that Palme is sfn, Mexico's Miguel de la Madrid, the Moscow-run Palme Commission. -
Pakotettu Sankari?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University Tampereen yliopisto Johtamiskorkeakoulu Politiikan tutkimuksen tutkinto-ohjelma PAKOTETTU SANKARI? Risto Rytin sankaruus ja uhrius Jenna Piiraine Pro gradu -tutkielma Ohjaaja: Tapio Raunio Tampereen yliopisto Johtamiskorkeakoulu Politiikan tutkimuksen tutkinto-ohjelma PIIRAINEN, JENNA: Pakotettu sankari? Risto Rytin sankaruus ja uhrius. Pro gradu –tutkielma, 76 s. Valtio-oppi Joulukuu 2014 Tutkielma käsittelee Risto Rytin toimia sotien aikana, erityisesti jatkosodan lopussa, sankaruuden viitekehyksen kautta. Sankaruuteen läheisesti liittyvä uhrius, uhraus ja uhrautuminen kuvastavat erityisesti Rytistä kerrottuja kertomuksia. Tutkimusote on kertomusanalyyttinen. Sankaruus ja tarinallisuus kuuluvat lähtökohtaisestikin yhteen. Sankaruus luodaan kertomusten välityksellä, joita sankarista kerrotaan. Kertomus on jonkun merkityksellisen asian välittämistä eteenpäin vaikkapa sanoin. Tarina on se kertomuksen syvärakenne, joka herättää kuulijassaan tunteita ja jättää tälle jonkin uskon. Sankaritarinoiden kertominen on myös poliittinen teko, sillä tarinan kertoja on muotoillut kertomuksensa haluamansalaiseksi. Kertomuksen esittäjä näkee asioiden välillä yhteyksiä, rajaa kertomansa asiat ja jopa juonellistaa kertomuksensa. Sankaruutta käsiteltäessä huomio kiinnittyy tässä tutkielmassa nationalismiin, sotaan, identiteettiin ja sankaruuden universaaleihin piirteisiin. Risto Rytin osalta tutkimuskysymys käsittelee