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Index

Abolition, 1, 95-7, 123, 124, 165, 180mo; see Bader, Clarisse, 87 also "Golden Law" Bahia, 12, 54, 55, 56, 63, 126, 161, 176n2 abolitionism: in literature, 52-3, 162; in Bandeira, Manuel, 133, 186n2 Gon~alves Dias, 26; Alencar's opposition, Barreto, Tobias, 5, 104 51-2; in Castro Alves, 52, 56--8, 60-4, 67-9, Bastide, Roger, 104, 110 109; in Machado de Assis, 78, 95--8, Baudelaire, Charles, 110, 111, 112, 118, 119, 178--gn3, 180mo 182n6 Afonso V, king of Portugal, 26 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 180n8 Africa: and Castro Alves, 61, 68; and Cruz e Bilac, Olavo, 1, 2, 9, 26, 126, 129, 173 Sousa, 106--8, 111, 115, 119, 171 blacks in racial trinity, 1,4,9,26, 6g, 131-2, African characters: in Gon~alves Dias, 27; in 137, 153, 1;8, 173 Machado de Assis, 88-<), 172 Boas, Franz, 162 Agassiz, Elizabeth Cary, 37--8, 41 Brayner, Sonia, 178n2 A1encar, Jose de, 17, 32-50, 51-2, 63, 82, 83, Brazilian Academy of Letters, 72, gB, 99, 133 124, 125, 131, 155, 158, 159, 160, 165, 168, Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute, 16g, 171, 174n5, 186m3; Iracemtl, 33, 35, 16,20,22 46-50,63, 125, 131, 132, 155-6, 165, 16g, Burton, Isabel, 47 176n3; The Guarani Indian (0 Guarani), 33, Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 58 35,43-6,48,49,63, 155, 16g, 172; Ubirajara, 33, 46; Five Minutes (Cinco Minutos), 34, Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 10 39, 40, 41- 2; Diva, 35, 39; Lucfola, 35, 39, 42, cafuzo (product of Indian-black miscegenation), 47; The Little Widow (A Viuvinha), 35, 39, 16, 19, 29, 162, 164; see also racial 40; The Silver Mines (As Minas de Prata), 35; classification; racial identity The Children of the God Tupa (as Filhos de Caldwell, Helen, 80, 84, 86 Tupa), 36; "As the Pen Writes" (" Ao Correr Calogeras, Joao Pandia, 161 da Pena"), 40 Camara, Eugenia, 55--Brazil-Wood Manifesto" Cooper, James Fenimore, 44 ("Manifesto da Poesia Pau-Brasil"), 130 Corneille, Pierre, 88 antislavery movement, see abolitionism Costa, Claudio Manuel da, 14, 15 Araripe JUnior, Tristao de Alencar, 103 creative crisis, 6--8, 173 Arcadianism, 14-15 Cruz e Sousa, Joao da, 6, 99-122, 140, 159, Augustine, SI., 88--g, 179n5 171, 172, 173, 18m2; Missal, 102, 103, 104, Augustus Caesar, 87 109; Shields (Broqueis), 102, 104, 109, Azevedo, Aluisio, 124 113-19; Beacons (Farois), 103, 119-20; Azevedo, Fernando de, 161 Evocations (Evoca,6es), 104, 107, 119; Last Azores, 71 Sonnets (Ultimos Sonetos), 104, 121-2; "Black

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Index 197

Pain" ("Dor Negra"), 108; "Dark Lady" immaturity, theory of national, 7-8, 33, 15&-9, ("Tenebrosa"), 111; "Weeping of Guitars" 168, 169 ("Viol6es que Choram"), 112; "Antiphony" immigration, 125, 126-7, 128, 129, 138, 141, ("Antifonia"), 113-15, 181-2114; "Lesbia," 148,161 116--17, 182n5; "Lust" ("Lubricidade"), Inconfidincia Mineira, 14-15 117, 183n7; "Origin of Evil" ("Origem do independence of Brazil, 14, 15-16, 18 Mal"), 117, 172; "Acrobat of Pain" "Indian fever," 16, 130; see also Indianism (" Acrobata da Dor"), 119, 140, 183n9; Indianism, 15-17, ll~, 31, 32-3, 43-50, "Good Friday" ("Sexta-feira Santa"), 12Rio de Janeiro, Integralism, 133 Dinis, king of Portugal, 96 Dostoevski, 93 J oao II, king of Portugal, 26 Drummond de Andrade, Carlos, 133 Joao VI, king of Portugal, 15 Julius Caesar, 87, 88 Edenic metaphor, 1(}-11, 22, 46-8, 50, 117-8, 125,131-2, 166--73, 186--~n2,3 Koch-Griinberg, Theodor, 144, 145 education in Brazil, 54 Kossuth, Lajos, 58 Egypt, 107, 149 "Law of the Free Womb," 179n3 ll, 1 epic, 8, 17, 24, 34, 36, 46, 13 Lawrence, D. H., 169 exile, sense of, 1, 6, 7, 8, 1

Index

Modernism, 127-34- 135-6, 139, 145, 168 Rio Grande do Sui, 163 Monica, St., 86, 88 Romanticism, 7, 17, 23, 34, 57, 58, 60, 62, 65, Moreas, Jean, 110 74, 81, 83, 92, 94, 100, 109, 110, 125, 129, Moreno, Martim Soares, 46-<) 130,168 "mulatto escape hatch," 5, 6, 74, 78, 98; see also Romero, Silvio, 100 racial continuum, racial identity music, 1, 81, 86, 92, lSon8 sadness, see national sadness, theme of Sahara Desert, 67, 107 Nabuco, Joaquim, 64, 73, 89 Salgado, Pifnio, 133 national identity, 7-<), 16, 31, 32-3, 46, 48, 50, Salvador, see Bahia 69, 123-4, 128-32, 137, 158-<), 163-4, 168, Santa Catarina, 101, 109, 110 173; see also immaturity, theory of Santos, Hemeterio Jose dos, 17B-