DOCSLIB.ORG

Index Index 223 Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Index Index 223 Index Index Index 223 Index Aalkijker 54, 141–144, 172, 197 Bidloo, Govard 39 Académie des Sciences 38, 41, 98, 99, 100, 181 Biofilm 87 Accademia del Cimento 30 Biographies 210 Adams, George 196, 197 Blood circulation 136–148 Adrian VI, Pope 188 Bloodletting 45, 137 Alhazen 46, 47 Blood vessels 138–142, 145–146 Alle de Brieven. See Collected Letters, The Bodo caudatus 81 Amici, Giovanni Battista 197 Boerhaave, Herman 89, 120, 152, 156, 184, 191, Amsterdam 7 206 Anaerobic bacteria 86 Boitet, Reinier 5, 61 Anderson, Douglas 212 Bolnes, Catharina 20, 21 Anglo-Dutch Wars 9, 11, 21, 33 Bonomo, Giovanni Cosimo 90 Animalcula 73, 76, 92, 103, 125, 180 Boogaert van Beloys, Nicolaes 164 Animalculism 120, 129, 131, 133, 181 Botany 151 Anthrax 202 Bouricius, Delft municipal archivist 4 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, scientific Boyle, Robert 33 journal 209 Bradley, James 157 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital in Brahe, Tycho 14 Amsterdam 209 British school 181 Aphids 131 Brouncker, William 32, 37, 96, 97 Aristophanes 46 Brown, Louise 135 Aristotle 107, 108, 109, 111, 120 Bruno, Giordano 14, 15 Ascaris mystax 134 Busschoff, Hermanus 162 Asteroid 2766 Leeuwenhoek 210 Buys, Willem 39 Atlantis 80 Atomic force microscope 199 Cabinets of curiosity 38 Auction of Van Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes Campylobacter rectus 88 (1747) 52, 60, 63, 67, 69, 168 Cantharidin 194 Capillaries 140, 141, 145, 146 Babushkas 129 Carlos II 172 Bacillus anthracis 202 Catholic University of Leuven 173, 188, 189 Bacon, Francis 32 medal 188, 194 Bacteria 81, 85, 88 Charles I 110, 111 Bacteria discovery 81 Charles II 30, 32, 33, 168 Baker, Henry 52, 78, 83, 197 Charles VI 170, 171 Basnage de Beauval, Henri 39 Cholera 201 Bassi, Agostino 201 Chromatic aberration 197 Becker, Balthasar 39 Ciliate protozoa 75 Beijerinck, Henriëtte 199 Ciliophora 75 Beijerinck, Martinus W. 86, 202–205 Cink, Antoni 188 Leeuwenhoek medal 204 Circular scale diagram 85 Belly dancer’s disease. See Van Leeuwen- Clay, R.S. 65 hoek’s disease Cocci 88 Benthuizen 6, 7 Coconut 151–156 Berkelse lakes 72, 73, 78 Cocquyt, Tiemen 68 © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/9789004304307_017 224 Index Cogrossi, Carlo-Francesco 90 Dijksterhuis, Eduard Jan 14 Collected Letters, The 22, 211 Divini, Eustachio 27, 28 Condenser 197 Dobell, Clifford 61, 74, 79, 82, 87, 193 Contagionists 201 —biography of Van Leeuwenhoek 4, 211 Cook, James 71 Dou, Jan Pietersz 22–23 Copernicus, Nicolaus 14, 156 Dragonfly, eyes 149–151 Correspondents 164 Draughtsmen, Van Leeuwenhoek’s 61 Couchy, Pieter Mauritsz 7 Drebbel, Cornelis 48 Court, T.H. 65 Dumas, Jean Baptiste 132 Craanen, Theodoor 93, 94 Dutch East India Company 82, 174, 191 Crab’s eyes 160 Duyst van Voorhout, Maria 165–168 Crick, Francis 135 Crisp, Sir Frank 65 Edens, Abram 62 Cromwell, Oliver 33 Eel 142, 145, 146 Cuff, John 197 Egg cell 126, 128, 129, 133, 134 Culpeper, Edmund 51 Electron microscopy 198, 205 Cyanobacteria 75 Elements, doctrine of 137 Cyclidium 79, 81 Empirical methods 32 Cyprianus, Abraham 39 English-Dutch dictionary 11 Czarina Elisabeth 69 Ent, George 111 Czar Peter 69, 172–177 Epigenesis 131, 133 Erasmus, Desiderius 188 Dalenpatius. See De Plantade, François Ex ovo omnia 111, 112 Dark field illumination 58 Davidson of Curriehill, Sir William 7, 9 Faber, Giovanni 49 Da Vinci, Leonardo 109 Fabrizio, Girolamo 110 De Gorter, David 69, 172 Fleas 35, 103–104 De Gorter, Johannes 69, 172 Folkes, Martin 62, 65, 193 De Graaf, Reinier 26, 27–29, 38, 113–119, 120, Foraminifera 22 126 Ford, Brian 60, 68, 212 De le Boë Sylvius, Franz 112, 113, 117, 122, 207 Fossil shells 22 Delft 2–4, 16–20, 63, 183 Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange 15, 39 AvL memorials 212 French school 181 telescope 49 Frogs 86, 136, 139 Delft Thunderclap 16 De Man, Cornelis 44 Galenus, Claudius 108, 109, 111, 136 138 De’ Medici, Anna Maria Luisa 170 Galilei, Galileo 14, 15, 48, 156 De’ Medici, Cosimo III 164 Geocentric theory 157 De’ Medici, Federico II 28 George II 65 De Mey, Barbara (first wife of AvL) 16, 18 George III 65 Dental plaque 87–88 Giardia lamblia 86 De Plantade, François 124 Globules 86 De Pouilly, J. (Depovilly) 197 as basic structures 72, 181 Descartes, René 13–15, 72 blood 146 147 De Vries, Hugo 135 Glorious Revolution 168 De Witt brothers 117, 118 Golden Head, The 18, 212 Diarrhoea 87, 190 Gout 16, 162 Diatoms 22 Graafian follicles 114, 126, 133.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spontaneous Generation & Origin of Life Concepts from Antiquity to The
    SIMB News News magazine of the Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology April/May/June 2019 V.69 N.2 • www.simbhq.org Spontaneous Generation & Origin of Life Concepts from Antiquity to the Present :ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůDŝĐƌŽďŝŽůŽŐLJΘŝŽƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ Impact Factor 3.103 The Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology is an international journal which publishes papers in metabolic engineering & synthetic biology; biocatalysis; fermentation & cell culture; natural products discovery & biosynthesis; bioenergy/biofuels/biochemicals; environmental microbiology; biotechnology methods; applied genomics & systems biotechnology; and food biotechnology & probiotics Editor-in-Chief Ramon Gonzalez, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA Editors Special Issue ^LJŶƚŚĞƚŝĐŝŽůŽŐLJ; July 2018 S. Bagley, Michigan Tech, Houghton, MI, USA R. H. Baltz, CognoGen Biotech. Consult., Sarasota, FL, USA Impact Factor 3.500 T. W. Jeffries, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 3.000 T. D. Leathers, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL, USA 2.500 M. J. López López, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain C. D. Maranas, Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, PA, USA 2.000 2.505 2.439 2.745 2.810 3.103 S. Park, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea 1.500 J. L. Revuelta, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain 1.000 B. Shen, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA 500 D. K. Solaiman, USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y. Tang, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA E. J. Vandamme, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium H. Zhao, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA 10 Most Cited Articles Published in 2016 (Data from Web of Science: October 15, 2018) Senior Author(s) Title Citations L. Katz, R. Baltz Natural product discovery: past, present, and future 103 Genetic manipulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis for improved production in Streptomyces and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Accumulation of Amylase-Trypsin Inhibitors And
    Call et al. BMC Plant Biology (2021) 21:113 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02886-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Synthesis and accumulation of amylase- trypsin inhibitors and changes in carbohydrate profile during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lisa Call1,2†, Elisabeth Haider1†, Stefano D’Amico1, Elisabeth Reiter1 and Heinrich Grausgruber3* Abstract Background: Recent studies indicate that amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and certain carbohydrates referred to as FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) play an important role in promoting wheat sensitivity. Hitherto, no study has investigated the accumulation of ATIs during the development of the wheat caryopsis. We collected caryopses of common wheat cv. ‘Arnold’ at eight different grain developmental stages to study compositional changes in ATI and FODMAP content. Results: The harvested caryopses were analysed for their size, protein and carbohydrate concentrations. ATIs were further characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, and their trypsin inhibition was evaluated by an enzymatic assay. The results showed that ATI accumulation started about 1 week after anthesis and subsequently increased steadily until physiological maturity. However, the biological activity of ATIs in terms of enzyme inhibition was not detectable before about 4 weeks after anthesis. Carbohydrate analysis revealed the abundance of short-chain fructans in early stages of grain development, whereas non-water-soluble carbohydrates increased during later developmental stages. Conclusions: The results provide new insights into the complex metabolisms during grain filling and maturation, with particular emphasis on the ATI content as well as the inhibitory potential towards trypsin. The time lag between ATI accumulation and development of their biological activity is possibly attributed to the assembling of ATIs to dimers and tetramers, which seems to be crucial for their inhibitory potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater with High Organic Content Using a Stirred Tank Reactor Coupled with a Membrane filtration Unit W
    Water Research 37 (2003) 902–908 Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high organic content using a stirred tank reactor coupled with a membrane filtration unit W. Fuchs*, H. Binder, G. Mavrias, R. Braun IFA-Tulln, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria Received 25 October 2001; received in revised form 17 May 2002; accepted 24 May 2002 Abstract Using a cross-flow membrane bioreactor, high anaerobic conversion rates of three different types of wastewater with varying organic content were achieved. Loading rates obtained were as follows: 20 g COD LÀ1 dÀ1 for artificial wastewater, approximately 8 g COD LÀ1 dÀ1 from vegetable processing industry (sauerkraut brine) and 6–8 g COD LÀ1 dÀ1 for wastewater from an animal slaughterhouse. At stable conditions, COD-removal rates in all three wastewaters were higher than 90%. Methane yields from the treatment of artificial wastewater, sauerkraut brine, and À1 À1 animalslaughterhousewastewater were in the range of 0.17–0.30, 0.20–0.34, and 0 :1220:32Ln g COD fed, respectively. The complete retention of biomass and suspended solids is a unique feature of this treatment process, which combines a high loading capacity and at the same time, high COD removal rates even for complex wastewater containing high concentrations of particulate matter. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane filtration; Wastewater treatment 1. Introduction SRT is required to accommodate the slower net growth rate [6,7]. On that account, biomass retention is one of Membrane filtration has gained increasing interest as the most important aspects of anaerobic technology.
    [Show full text]
  • The 100 Most Influential Scientists of All Time / Edited by Kara Rogers.—1St Ed
    Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2010 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2010 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Kara Rogers: Senior Editor, Biomedical Sciences Rosen Educational Services Jeanne Nagle: Senior Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Introduction by Kristi Lew Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The 100 most influential scientists of all time / edited by Kara Rogers.—1st ed. p. cm.—(The Britannica guide to the world’s most influential people) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes index. ISBN 978-1-61530-040-2 (eBook) 1. Science—Popular works. 2. Science—History—Popular works. 3. Scientists— Biography—Popular works. I. Rogers, Kara.
    [Show full text]
  • The Branches Into Which Bacteriology Is Now Ramifying" Revisited
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 72 (1999), pp. 303-31 1. Copyright © 2000. All rights reserved. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION "The Branches into Which Bacteriology Is Now Ramifying" Revisited J. W. Bennetta and J. Karrb aDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; and bASM Archives, Albin 0. Kuhn Library, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Bal- timore, Maryland The American Societyfor Microbiology was originallyfounded in 1899 as the Society ofAmerican Bacteriologists. The transitionfrom "bacteriology" to "microbiology" andfrom an emphasis on the identity ofthe membership (bacteriologists) to an emphasis on the discipline (microbiology) was a contentious one that occurred in several steps. This article reviews the history and events that accompanied this development. The professional society now known were poorly understood. Committees of as the American Society for Microbiology SAB were instrumental in stabilizing and (ASM)C called itself the Society of Amer- clarifying bacterial taxonomy. As the pro- ican Bacteriologists (SAB) from 1899 found differences between prokaryotes until 1960. Although many members of and eukaryotes were elucidated, it became SAB studied non-bacterial life forms, for increasingly difficult to unify the microbi- decades they were comfortable calling ological sciences under the rubric "bacte- themselves bacteriologists. How did the riology." In changing the name, members term "bacteriology" come to stand for all of the society had come to agree that of microbiology in America? It is argued "bacteriology" was too restrictive a term that this scientific synecdoche was based to describe the full activities of the pro- on the fact that early bacteriologists dis- fession.
    [Show full text]
  • The Discovery of Microorganisms Revisited a Close Reading of 17Th-Century Documents Shows That Hooke, Rather Than Leeuwenhoek, Was the first to Observe a Microorganism
    The Discovery of Microorganisms Revisited A close reading of 17th-century documents shows that Hooke, rather than Leeuwenhoek, was the first to observe a microorganism Howard Gest wo remarkable geniuses, Robert Preface of Micrographia and in a 1678 treatise, Hooke and Antonie van Leeuwen- Lectures and Collections; Microscopium. hoek, deserve the credit for discover- Hooke’s Preface to Micrographia also describes T ing microorganisms in the 17th cen- how to make a single-lens microscope of the tury. A complex series of events and same kind that Leeuwenhoek used in studies a common interest in microscopes were instru- that began almost a decade later. mental in leading these two men from very dif- According to my analysis along with the im- ferent backgrounds to codiscover the microbial portant studies of microscopist Brian Ford, universe. Their separate journeys into that realm Hooke rather than Leeuwenhoek was the first to were recorded between 1665 and 1678 in pub- observe and document the existence of a micro- lications of the Royal Society of London. organism. Moreover, his Micrographia pro- Among Hooke’s outstanding achievements is vided the basic model and “trigger” for Leeu- the first published description of a microorgan- wenhoek’s subsequent discoveries of other ism. From Hooke’s excellent drawing in Micro- microbes during the the 17th century. Thus, graphia (1665), mycologists identify Hooke’s Robert Hooke as well as Antonie van Leeuwen- specimen as the microfungus Mucor, the com- hoek should be considered responsible for “fa- mon bread mold (Fig. 1). In Micrographia, thering” modern microbiology. Hooke illustrated microscopic views of diverse biological objects, including sponges, wood, seaweed, leaf surfaces, hair, pea- A Glimpse of Robert Hooke’s cock feathers, fly wings, eggs of Illustrious Career silkworms, mites, a flea, and a Robert Hooke (1635–1703) was louse—as well as that of a mold.
    [Show full text]
  • Through the Magnifying Glass: a Short History of the Microscope
    Deep Blue Deep Blue https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/documents Research Collections Library (University of Michigan Library) 2015 Through the magnifying glass: a short history of the microscope Alvarez, Pablo https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120285 Downloaded from Deep Blue, University of Michigan's institutional repository Through the Magnifying Glass: A Short History of the Microscope 9 April – 20 August 2015 Special Collections Exhibit Space 7th Floor • Hatcher Graduate Library University of Michigan Library Ann Arbor, Michigan © 2015 University of Michigan Library (Special Collections Library) All rights reserved This exhibit was curated by Pablo Alvarez, Outreach Librarian & Curator, Special Collections Library. The guest curator, Gregg Sobocinski, Microscope Imaging Specialist in the University’s Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, is responsible for the “modern” section of the exhibit. Thanks go to Cathleen A. Baker, Tom Hogarth, and Lauren O’Meara of the Preservation & Conservation Department for their help in designing, preparing, and installing this display. Through the Magnifying Glass: A Short History of the Microscope This exhibit showcases a selection of books from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that contain extraordinary illustrations of animals and plants as they were originally seen through the lenses of early microscopes. During the course of the Scientific Revolution, leading microscopists such as Marcello Malpighi, Robert Hooke, Nehemiah Grew, Jan Swammerdam, and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek adhered to the Baconian method of relying on observation as opposed to trusting the sole authority of books. Most of them gravitated around the innovative scientific milieu of the Royal Society in London. In their desire to understand natural mechanisms, these revolutionary scientists examined the functioning of the smallest parts of the fabric of nature in order to comprehend better how humans, animals, and plants were born and work.
    [Show full text]
  • Van Leeuwenhoek Microscopes—Where Are They Now?
    FEMS Microbiology Letters,362,2015,fnv056 doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnv056 Advance Access Publication Date: 6 April 2015 Research Letter R E S E A RCH L E T T E R – Professional Development van Leeuwenhoek microscopes—where are they now? Lesley A. Robertson∗ Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands Corresponding author: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands. Tel: 31-15-2782421; ∗ + E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: The story and fate of van Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes and other lenses as revealed by primary and historical secondary documents are reviewed. Editor: Rich Boden ABSTRACT When Antonie van Leeuwenhoek died, he left over 500 simple microscopes, aalkijkers (an adaption of his microscope to allow the examination of blood circulation in the tails of small eels) and lenses, yet now there are only 10 microscopes with a claim to being authentic, one possible aalkijker and six lenses. He made microscopes with more than one lens, and possibly three forms of the aalkijker. This paper attempts to establish exactly what he left and trace the fate of some of the others using the earliest possible documents and publications. Keywords: single lens microscopes; aalkijker; auction catalogue; biohistory INTRODUCTION ering the implications and suggesting that his ‘little animals’ might cause diseases. These suggestions were largely ignored. Optical microscopes seem to have developed along parallel lines. In 1677, ‘an observing person in the county’ commented on re- Modern compound instruments are claimed to be derived from cent letters in the Philosophical Transactions to the Royal So- the two-lensed tube invented by the Jansens towards the end ciety (Anon 1677).
    [Show full text]
  • Military History: on Teacher Website Military History
    WELCOME TO HEALTH PROFESSIONS/ SPORTS MED I ROW GET TO KNOW #1. What kind of music do you like? Favorite Spotify station? #2 Where do members of your family come from? What languages do they, and you, speak? #3 What holidays do you enjoy and how do you celebrate them? #4 If you could travel anyplace for free, where would you like to travel? Why? #5 What is a movie or a book you have seen or read lately that you really liked? Why? #6 What is something you would change about this school if you could, maybe if you became the principal? #7 What toppings would you put on your pizza? #8 Have you ever been part of a team? In school? Out of school? Music-related? Sports-related? What teams? What was your role? #9 What was the last concert you went to? What venue was it in? HEALTH PROFESSIONS/SPORTS MED I REMIND 101: Expectations/Syllabus http://westada.org/Domain/2811 Sports Med Dividers in Binder: 1: Current +muscles/abbs 2: old Quizlet : Health Professions ____ Jake Ballentyne video http://www.jakeballen CLASS LEAF tine.com/home/school- year-kick-off-video VIDEO ON TEACHER WEBSITE BELL RINGER: ON TEACHER WEBSITE: HISTORY HISTORY OF ______ POSTER http://westada.org/Domain/2811 Using your designated LAB partner you will gather notes. Use the RUBRIC off you Unit Packet and the website to know how to get full points You will have the rest of today to work on it and about 20 min next class. Bring what ever notes you need for next class.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologist 2016-2.Cdr
    ISSN Versión Impresa 1816-0719 ISSN Versión en linea 1994-9073 ISSN Versión CD ROM 1994-9081 The Biologist (Lima) ORIGINAL ARTICLE /ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL REDISCOVERING THE FIRST MONOGRAPH ON PLANT ANATOMY - ANATOME PLANTARUM (1675) BY MARCELLO MALPIGHI REDESCUBRIENDO LA PRIMERA MONOGRAFÍA SOBRE LA ANATOMÍA DE LAS PLANTAS- ANATOME PLANTARUM (1675) DE MARCELLO MALPIGHI Marius-Nicusor Grigore1 1Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iasi, Carol 20 A, Iasi, Romania [email protected] The Biologist (Lima), 14(2), jul-dec: 155-170. ABSTRACT Malpighi's Anatome Plantarum (1675) arises as a natural step in the progress of plant biology and especially of plant morphology and anatomy. The book is well written and the language used is generally accurate, except for the limitations imposed by the level of knowledge at the time of Malpighi. Malpighi treated the plant as a system and recognized that its organs work in a synergic manner. Many of the terms used today in modern plant morphology and anatomy were already used by Malpighi. He introduced many relevant figures to support the information provided, some of which were derived from microscopic observations. Overall, despite the progress made since then, his work should be regarded as a modern monograph in plant anatomy. Keywords: illustrations – Malpighi – microscope – plant anatomy RESUMEN Anatome Plantarum de Malpighi (1675) surge como un paso natural en el progreso de la biología de las plantas y en especial de la morfología y la anatomía vegetal. El libro está bien escrito y el lenguaje utilizado es generalmente exacto, salvo las limitaciones impuestas por el nivel del conocimiento en la época de Malpighi.
    [Show full text]
  • Inicio Da Revista.Qxp
    2009-AR-66 Dezembro ARTIGO DE REVISÃO Da descoberta da circulação sanguínea aos primeiros factos hemorreológicos (2ª Parte)* [109] J. MARTINS E SILVA Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Rev Port Cardiol 2009; 28 (12): 1405-1440 SUMÁRIO ABSTRACT Nesta segunda e última parte é recordada, From the discovery of the circulation em suas secções (A e B) a contribuição de of the blood to the first steps in mais duas personalidades geniais, respecti- hemorheology: Part 2 vamente Marcello Malpighi e Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek, os quais, pela originalidade In the second and last part of this article, the dos seus trabalhos, confirmaram as obser- contributions of two more brilliant figures are vações pioneiras de Harvey, completando-as described in two sections, A and B, respec- ainda com factos relevantes. Malpighi apli- tively Marcello Malpighi and Antonie van cou o microscópio óptico, até então quase só Leeuwenhoek. Through the originality of utilizado como o curiosidade mundana, ao their work, both confirmed the pioneer estudo in vitro de componentes dos tecidos William Harvey’s observations and went on to corporais de várias espécies. Deste conjunto add important details. Malpighi applied the de observações pioneiras destaca-se a vi- optical microscope, until then used almost sualização, pela primeira vez, das estruturas exclusively as a mere curiosity, to the in vitro capilares e dos glóbulos sanguíneos, de que study of the body tissues of various species. resultaram a definição da composição do Outstanding among these pioneering observa- sangue e a conceptualização, inédita, sobre tions was the visualization, for the first time, a respectiva fluidez.
    [Show full text]
  • Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)
    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1997, p. 584 Vol. 47, No. 2 0020-7713/97/$04.00 -I- 0 Copyright 0 1997, International Union of Microbiological Societies Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria) MALCOLM POTI’S” Department of Biochemistry and Anaerobic Microbiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universiq, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 The word Nostoch was invented by the 15th century scientist, philosopher, and alchemist Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (Paracelsus) to describe the gelatinous colonies of the ubiquitous terrestrial cyanobacteriumNostoc commune. It is proposed that Nostoch is a play on two words, an Old English word and a German word, which both describe that part of the human anatomy intimately associated with extracellular polysaccharide; Nosthryl and Nasenloch = Nostoch. The genus Nostoc (cyanobacteria) is one of five genera in the a peculiar intermediate between the microcosmos and the family Nostocaceae of subgroup 4, section A, of the oxygenic macrocosmos (8). So persuasive was his teaching that many phototrophic bacteria (5). Descriptions of Nostoc species can alchemists connected Nostoch with the “philosopher’s stone.” be traced back more than 1,600 years to the time of the Eastern There is considerable controversy surrounding the teachings Jin Dynasty (317 to 420 A.D.), when Nostoc commune, known of Paracelsus, and only sketchy details about his life are avail- as Ge-Xian-Mi, was used as a staple food by Hung Ge, a able. What is known is that he was an iconoclast with a great renowned alchemist and hermit (3, 7). The use of the name distaste for classical Greek and Arabic literature and the rigid Nostoc has its origins in Europe some 500 years ago, well authority of the universities of his time.
    [Show full text]