Van Leeuwenhoek Microscopes—Where Are They Now?
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Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, the Father of Microscope
Turkish Journal of Biochemistry – Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 2016; 41(1): 58–62 Education Sector Letter to the Editor – 93585 Emine Elif Vatanoğlu-Lutz*, Ahmet Doğan Ataman Medicine in philately: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, the father of microscope Pullardaki tıp: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, mikroskobun kaşifi DOI 10.1515/tjb-2016-0010 only one lens to look at blood, insects and many other Received September 16, 2015; accepted December 1, 2015 objects. He was first to describe cells and bacteria, seen through his very small microscopes with, for his time, The origin of the word microscope comes from two Greek extremely good lenses (Figure 1) [3]. words, “uikpos,” small and “okottew,” view. It has been After van Leeuwenhoek’s contribution,there were big known for over 2000 years that glass bends light. In the steps in the world of microscopes. Several technical inno- 2nd century BC, Claudius Ptolemy described a stick appear- vations made microscopes better and easier to handle, ing to bend in a pool of water, and accurately recorded the which led to microscopy becoming more and more popular angles to within half a degree. He then very accurately among scientists. An important discovery was that lenses calculated the refraction constant of water. During the combining two types of glass could reduce the chromatic 1st century,around year 100, glass had been invented and effect, with its disturbing halos resulting from differences the Romans were looking through the glass and testing in refraction of light (Figure 2) [4]. it. They experimented with different shapes of clear glass In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister reduced the problem and one of their samples was thick in the middle and thin with spherical aberration by showing that several weak on the edges [1]. -
Why Natural History Matters
Why Practice Natural History? Why Natural History Matters Thomas L. Fleischner Thomas L. Fleischner ([email protected]) is a professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Prescott College, 220 Grove Avenue, Prescott, Arizona 86301 U.S.A., and founding President of the Natural History Network. The world needs natural history now more children: we turn over stones, we crouch to than ever. Because natural history – which look at insects crawling past, we turn our I have defined as “a practice of intentional heads to listen to new sounds. Indeed, as focused attentiveness and receptivity to the we grow older we have to learn to not pay more-than-human world, guided by attention to our world. The advertising honesty and accuracy” (Fleischner 2001, industry and mass consumer culture 2005) – makes us better, more complete collude to encourage this shrinking of the human beings. This process of “careful, scope of our attention. But natural history patient … sympathetic observation” attentiveness is inherent in us, and it can be (Norment 2008) – paying attention to the reawakened readily. larger than human world – allows us to build better human societies, ones that are It is easy to forget what an anomalous time less destructive and dysfunctional. Natural we now live in. Natural history is the history helps us see the world, and thus oldest continuous human tradition. ourselves, more accurately. Moreover, it Throughout human history and encourages and inspires better stewardship “prehistory,” attentiveness to nature was so of the Earth. completely entwined with daily life and survival that it was never considered as a Natural history encourages our conscious, practice separate from life itself. -
Rapport Van De Stuurgroep Asscher-Vonk Ii
PROEVEN VAN 150 PARTNER- SCHAP RAPPORT VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II VOORBEELDEN van museale samenwerking en initiatieven gericht op kwaliteit, publieksbereik, kostenbesparing en efficiency 4 oktober 2013 PROEVEN VAN 150 PARTNER- SCHAP RAPPORT VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II VOORBEELDEN van museale samenwerking en initiatieven gericht op kwaliteit, publieksbereik, kostenbesparing en efficiency INHOUD DEEL I MUSEA OP WEG NAAR MORGEN: WAARNEMINGEN VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II 5 h 1 INLEIDING 9 h 2 DOEL VAN HET RAPPORT 11 h 3 VOORBEELDEN UIT DE MUSEALE PRAKTIJK: 13 3.1 VORMEN VAN SAMENWERKING 14 3.2 MINDER KOSTEN, MEER INKOMSTEN, MEER EFFICIENCY 17 3.3 KENNIS DELEN, KRACHTEN BUNDELEN 27 3.4 MEER EN NIEUW PUBLIEK 32 3.5 GROTERE ZICHTBAARHEID VAN COLLECTIES 39 h 4 MUSEA OVER SAMENWERKING 43 h 5 HOE VERDER 46 BIJLAGEN: b1 DE OPDRACHT VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II 48 b2 EEN OVERZICHT VAN DE GESPREKSPARTNERS 49 DEEL II 50 150 VOORBEELDEN van museale samenwerking en initiatieven gericht op kwaliteit, publieksbereik, kostenbesparing en efficiency COLOFON 92 DEEL I PROEVEN VAN PARTNERSCHAP RAPPORT VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II MUSEA OP WEG NAAR MORGEN: WAARNEMINGEN VAN DE STUURGROEP ASSCHER-VONK II In Musea voor Morgen stond het al: “Er is meer oog voor samen- werking en synergie nodig, in het belang van het publiek en de samenleving.”1 Met het vervolg op dat rapport, Proeven van Partnerschap, brengt de stuurgroep Asscher-Vonk II bestaande voorbeelden van samenwerking en initiatieven in de museumsector in kaart die zijn ontplooid om in veran- derende tijden kunst en cultuur van topkwaliteit te kunnen blijven bieden. -
The Voc and Swedish Natural History. the Transmission of Scientific Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century
THE VOC AND SWEDISH NATURAL HISTORY. THE TRANSMISSION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Christina Skott In the later part of the eighteenth century Sweden held a place as one of the foremost nations in the European world of science. This was mainly due to the fame of Carl Linnaeus (1707–78, in 1762 enno- bled von Linné), whose ground breaking new system for classifying the natural world created a uniform system of scientific nomenclature that would be adopted by scientists all over Europe by the end of the century. Linnaeus had first proposed his new method of classifying plants in the slim volume Systema Naturae, published in 1735, while he was working and studying in Holland. There, he could for the first time himself examine the flora of the Indies: living plants brought in and cultivated in Dutch gardens and greenhouses as well as exotic her- baria collected by employees of the VOC. After returning to his native Sweden in 1737 Linnaeus would not leave his native country again. But, throughout his lifetime, Systema Naturae would appear in numerous augmented editions, each one describing new East Indian plants and animals. The Linnean project of mapping the natural world was driven by a strong patriotic ethos, and Linneaus would rely heavily on Swed- ish scientists and amateur collectors employed by the Swedish East India Company; but the links to the Dutch were never severed, and he maintained extensive contacts with leading Dutch scientists through- out his life. Linnaeus’ Dutch connections meant that his own students would become associated with the VOC. -
200 Central Park West - American Museum of Natural History, Borough of Manhattan
June 15, 2021 Name of Landmark Building Type of Presentation Month xx, year Public Hearing The current proposal is: Preservation Department – Item 4, LPC-21-08864 200 Central Park West - American Museum of Natural History, Borough of Manhattan How to Testify Via Zoom: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84946202332?pwd=MjdJUjY2a0d3TWEwUDVlVEorM2lCQT09 Note: If you want to testify on an item, join the Webinar ID: 849 4620 2332 Zoom webinar at the agenda’s “Be Here by” Passcode: 951064 time (about an hour in advance). When the By Phone: Chair indicates it’s time to testify, “raise your 1 646-558-8656 US (New York) hand” via the Zoom app if you want to speak (*9 on the phone). Those who signed up in 877-853-5257 US (Toll free) advance will be called first. 888-475-4499 US (Toll free) Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Proposed Relocation Theodore Roosevelt Park, MN NYC Parks American Museum of Natural History Site Location Manhattan American Museum of Natural History Frederick Douglass Circle Upper West Side 2 Site Location View of the American Museum of Natural History, 2020, NYC Parks 3 Site Location Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt, 2020, NYC Parks 4 Existing Site Views Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt looking northwest (left) and southwest (right) 2015, NYC Parks 5 History Roosevelt Memorial model, Date unknown, AMNH 6 History October 28, 1940, New York Times October 1940 view of the equestrian statue, from the south. Photo by Thane L. Bierwert, AMNH Research Library / Digital Special Collections 7 History Landmarks Preservation Commission designation photo of the Roosevelt Memorial, 1967, LPC 8 Composition and Context 9 Photo by Denis Finnin / AMNH Sustained Public Controversy Vandalism of Equestrian Statue of Vandalism of Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, 1971, New 2017, NYC Parks 10 York Times Sustained Public Controversy Addressing the Statue exhibition at AMNH, C. -
University Museums and Collections Journal 7, 2014
VOLUME 7 2014 UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL 2 — VOLUME 7 2014 UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL VOLUME 7 20162014 UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL 3 — VOLUME 7 2014 UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL The University Museums and Collections Journal (UMACJ) is a peer-reviewed, on-line journal for the proceedings of the International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC), a Committee of the International Council of Museums (ICOM). Editors Nathalie Nyst Réseau des Musées de l’ULB Université Libre de Bruxelles – CP 103 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 1050 Brussels Belgium Barbara Rothermel Daura Gallery - Lynchburg College 1501 Lakeside Dr., Lynchburg, VA 24501 - USA Peter Stanbury Australian Society of Anaesthetis Suite 603, Eastpoint Tower 180 Ocean Street Edgecliff, NSW 2027 Australia Copyright © International ICOM Committee for University Museums and Collections http://umac.icom.museum ISSN 2071-7229 Each paper reflects the author’s view. 4 — VOLUME 7 2014 UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL Basket porcelain with truss imitating natural fibers, belonged to a family in São Paulo, c. 1960 - Photograph José Rosael – Collection of the Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo/Brazil Napkin holder in the shape of typical women from Bahia, painted wood, 1950 – Photograph José Rosael Collection of the Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo/Brazil Since 1990, the Paulista Museum of the University of São Paulo has strived to form collections from the research lines derived from the history of material culture of the Brazilian society. This focus seeks to understand the material dimension of social life to define the particularities of objects in the viability of social and symbolic practices. -
Dioscorides De Materia Medica Pdf
Dioscorides de materia medica pdf Continue Herbal written in Greek Discorides in the first century This article is about the book Dioscorides. For body medical knowledge, see Materia Medica. De materia medica Cover of an early printed version of De materia medica. Lyon, 1554AuthorPediaus Dioscorides Strange plants RomeSubjectMedicinal, DrugsPublication date50-70 (50-70)Pages5 volumesTextDe materia medica in Wikisource De materia medica (Latin name for Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hul's iatrik's, both means about medical material) is a pharmacopeia of medicinal plants and medicines that can be obtained from them. The five-volume work was written between 50 and 70 CE by Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the Roman army. It was widely read for more than 1,500 years until it supplanted the revised herbs during the Renaissance, making it one of the longest of all natural history books. The paper describes many drugs that are known to be effective, including aconite, aloe, coloxinth, colocum, genban, opium and squirt. In all, about 600 plants are covered, along with some animals and minerals, and about 1000 medicines of them. De materia medica was distributed as illustrated manuscripts, copied by hand, in Greek, Latin and Arabic throughout the media period. From the sixteenth century, the text of the Dioscopide was translated into Italian, German, Spanish and French, and in 1655 into English. It formed the basis of herbs in these languages by such people as Leonhart Fuchs, Valery Cordus, Lobelius, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Klusius, John Gerard and William Turner. Gradually these herbs included more and more direct observations, complementing and eventually displacing the classic text. -
Van Leeuwenhoek's Microscopes
46 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Van Leeuwenhoek’s Microscopes While I am writing this letter, I have 8 or 10 magnifying glasses lying about, which have been mounted in silver by me; and although I never received any instruction in working in any metal with a hammer or a file, still I mount my glasses, and my tools have been fitted in such a way that master goldsmiths say that they cannot emulate me. In a letter comparing his ability to see sperm with the results claimed by Nicolaas Hartsoeker (see chapter 6), Antoni van Leeuwenhoek wrote to the Royal Society about how well he made his simple microscopes. It is frequently said that he invented the microscope, but this is not true. He improved the single-lens microscope enormously, but the manufacture and use of magnify- ing lenses began much earlier. The First Microscopes: A Brief History Magnifying lenses of one type or another have been in use for thousands of years. The oldest known lenses – made of polished crystals, usually quartz – date from 700 BC and were found in the Assyrian empire, and later in Egypt, Greece and Babylon. The Greek comic playwright Aristophanes (446–386 BC) wrote that burning glasses for the starting of fires were on sale in the shops of Athens. It is believed that the necessary magnification for the delicate work of cutting precious stones in antiquity was done using glass flasks filled with water. The Roman Stoic philosopher, Seneca (± 4 BC–65 AD), wrote that small letters, however small and unclear they may be, became large and clear when viewed through a glass bowl filled with water. -
Anne Kox JAPES 1..216
Physics as a Calling, Science for Society Studies in Honour of A.J. Kox Edited by Ad Maas and Henriëtte Schatz LEIDEN Publications The publication of this book has been made possible by grants from the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Amsterdam, Stichting Pieter Zeeman- fonds, Stichting Physica and the Einstein Papers Project at the California Institute of Technology. Leiden University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. Cover illustration: Albert Einstein and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, photographed by Paul Ehrenfest in front of his home in Leiden in 1921. Source: Museum Boerhaave, Leiden. Cover design: Sander Pinkse Boekproducties Layout: JAPES, Amsterdam ISBN 978 90 8728 198 4 e-ISBN 978 94 0060 156 7 (pdf) e-ISBN 978 94 0060 157 4 (e-pub) NUR 680 © A. Maas, H. Schatz / Leiden University Press, 2013 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Contents Preface 7 Kareljan Schoutens Introduction 9 1 Astronomers and the making of modern physics 15 Frans van Lunteren 2 The drag coefficient from Fresnel to Laue 47 Michel Janssen 3 The origins of the Korteweg-De Vries equation: Collaboration between Korteweg and De Vries 61 Bastiaan Willink 4 A note on Einstein’s Scratch Notebook of 1910-1913 81 Diana K. -
Spontaneous Generation & Origin of Life Concepts from Antiquity to The
SIMB News News magazine of the Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology April/May/June 2019 V.69 N.2 • www.simbhq.org Spontaneous Generation & Origin of Life Concepts from Antiquity to the Present :ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůDŝĐƌŽďŝŽůŽŐLJΘŝŽƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ Impact Factor 3.103 The Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology is an international journal which publishes papers in metabolic engineering & synthetic biology; biocatalysis; fermentation & cell culture; natural products discovery & biosynthesis; bioenergy/biofuels/biochemicals; environmental microbiology; biotechnology methods; applied genomics & systems biotechnology; and food biotechnology & probiotics Editor-in-Chief Ramon Gonzalez, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA Editors Special Issue ^LJŶƚŚĞƚŝĐŝŽůŽŐLJ; July 2018 S. Bagley, Michigan Tech, Houghton, MI, USA R. H. Baltz, CognoGen Biotech. Consult., Sarasota, FL, USA Impact Factor 3.500 T. W. Jeffries, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 3.000 T. D. Leathers, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL, USA 2.500 M. J. López López, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain C. D. Maranas, Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, PA, USA 2.000 2.505 2.439 2.745 2.810 3.103 S. Park, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea 1.500 J. L. Revuelta, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain 1.000 B. Shen, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA 500 D. K. Solaiman, USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, USA Y. Tang, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA E. J. Vandamme, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium H. Zhao, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA 10 Most Cited Articles Published in 2016 (Data from Web of Science: October 15, 2018) Senior Author(s) Title Citations L. Katz, R. Baltz Natural product discovery: past, present, and future 103 Genetic manipulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis for improved production in Streptomyces and R. -
Robert Hooke's Micrographia of 1665 and 1667
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2010; 40:374–6 Ex libris doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2010.420 © 2010 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Robert Hooke’s Micrographia of 1665 and 1667 Until recently Robert Hooke’s name more important than Hooke’s own was not widely known to the public. observations using microscopy. Later, When he was remembered it was Hooke himself learned Dutch so that usually in connection with memories, he could read Leeuwenhoek’s letters. often vague, of ‘Hooke’s Law’ (the extension of an elastic body is However, while Leeuwenhoek’s proportional to the force applied to descriptions of his findings were extend it). However, little or nothing lively and detailed, the sketches he was remembered of Hooke’s connec- provided were fairly crude. Hooke, tions with Robert Boyle, Christopher on the other hand, devised a method Wren and, later, Isaac Newton and of looking at a sheet of paper with others of that exalted circle, particularly one eye while observing through John Wilkins who probably introduced the microscope with the other so him into it, of his long service to the that he could trace the outlines of Royal Society’s regular programme of the virtual image seen by the demonstrations, of his contributions to microscope eye on the paper. He the theories of light and, indeed, of describes doing this to allow him to gravitation, of his surveying of London measure the magnification achieved after the Great Fire of 1666 and his ex libris RCPE by his instruments. He then worked overseeing of much of its reconstruction. -
Apollo 17 Index
Preparation, Scanning, Editing, and Conversion to Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) by: Ronald A. Wells University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 May 2000 A P O L L O 1 7 I N D E X 7 0 m m, 3 5 m m, A N D 1 6 m m P H O T O G R A P H S M a p p i n g S c i e n c e s B r a n c h N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s a n d S p a c e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n J o h n s o n S p a c e C e n t e r H o u s t o n, T e x a s APPROVED: Michael C . McEwen Lunar Screening and Indexing Group May 1974 PREFACE Indexing of Apollo 17 photographs was performed at the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center under the direction of Charles Miller, NASA Program Manager, Aerospace Charting Branch. Editing was performed by Lockheed Electronics Company, Houston Aerospace Division, Image Analysis and Cartography Section, under the direction of F. W. Solomon, Chief. iii APOLLO 17 INDEX 70 mm, 35 mm, AND 16 mm PHOTOGRAPHS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 13 INDEX OF 16 mm FILM STRIPS ........................................................................................ 15 INDEX OF 70 mm AND 35 mm PHOTOGRAPHS Listed by NASA Photograph Number Magazine J, AS17–133–20193 to 20375.........................................