L'impact De La Legio Iiia Augusta Dans
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Ad Pirum (Hrušica) in Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
Vestnik XXVI AD PIRUM (HrušicA) IN CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Peter Kos Vestnik XXVI AD PIRUM (HrušicA) IN CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Peter Kos Ad Pirum (Hrušica) in Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 5 Izdajatelj – partner projekta Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije Peter Kos: AD PIRUM (HRUŠICA) IN CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Vsebina Za izdajatelja: Jelka Pirkovič Uvod 7 Urednica zbirke: Zgodovina raziskovanj 7 Biserka Ribnikar Vasle Urednik: Obrambni sistem Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 13 Peter Kos Redaktor: Umestitev zapornega sistema Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 14 Marko Stokin Recenzija: Arhitektura zapor 15 Janka Istenič Zaporni zidovi 20 Jezikovni pregled: Kamniti oporniki 21 Alenka Kobler Stolpi 22 Oblikovanje: Vratni stolpi 25 Nuit, d. o. o. V zaporne zidove vgrajene manjše trdnjave 26 Naslovnica: Tloris cisterne v sondah XX in XXII (Arhiv AONMS) Trdnjava na Lanišču 26 Trdnjava pod Brstom pri Martinj Hribu 27 Ljubljana, 2014 Kronološka vprašanja gradnje zapornega sistema 32 Funkcija zapornega sistema Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 35 Publikacija je sofinancirana v okviru Programa čezmejnega sodelovanja Slovenija-Italija 2007–2013 iz sred¬stev Evropskega sklada za regionalni razvoj in iz nacionalnih sredstev. Zgodovinski viri 37 Vsebina publikacije ne odraža nujno uradnega stališča Evropske unije. Hrušica 41 Za vsebino publikacije je odgovoren izključno avtor. Hrušica v antičnih virih 41 © ZVKDS in Peter Kos, 2014. Vse pravice pridržane. Trdnjava 42 Brez pisnega dovoljenja založnika in avtorja je prepovedano reproduciranje, distribuiranje, javna priobčitev, -
Thesis-1980-E93l.Pdf
LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN By DIANE MARIE HOPPER EVERMAN " Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma December, 1977 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS July 25, 1980 -n , ,111e.5J s LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii 10S2909 PREFACE Lambaesis was a Roman Imperial military fortress in North Africa in the modern-day nation of Algeria. Rome originally acquired the territory as a result of the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars. Expansion of territory and settlement of surplus population were two ideas behind its Romanization. However, North Africa's greatest asset for becoming a province was its large yield of grain. This province furnished most of the wheat for the empire. If something happened to hinder its annual production level then Rome and its provinces would face famine. Unlike most instances of acquiring territory Rome did not try to assimilate the native transhumant population. Instead these inhabitants held on to their ancestral lands until they were forcibly removed. This territory was the most agriculturally productive; unfortunately, it was also the area of seasonal migration for the native people. Lambaesis is important in this scheme because it was the base of the solitary legion in North Africa, the III Legio Augusta. After beginning in the eastern section of the province just north of the Aures Mountains the legion gradually moved west leaving a peaceful area behind. The site of Lambaesis was the III Legio Augusta's westernmost fortress. -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Rimska Fortifikacijska Arhitektura
Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Diplomski studij: Filozofija – povijest Josip Paulić Rimska fortifikacijska arhitektura Diplomski rad Mentorica: doc. dr. sc. Jasna Šimić Osijek, 2012. 1. Sažetak Najvažniji i temeljni element rimske fortifikacijske arhitekture svakako je vojni grad – castrum. Rimljani su bili narod vojnika, kolonizatora i osvjača, pa je rimski građanin u vojnoj obavezi bio veći dio svog života. Iz tih razloga ustroj i izgled vojnog logora pokazuje toliko zajedničkih elemenata s civilnim naseljima. Zidine grada Rima predstavljaju najreprezentativniji primjer gradske fortifikacijske arhitekture u cijelom Carstvu. Murus Servii Tulii (Servijev zid) sagrađen je u ranom 4. st. pr. n. e., a učinkovito je štitio grad do druge polovine 3. st. kad je izgrađen Murus Aurelianus (271.– 275.), zid opsega 19 km koji ipak nije spasio Rim od Alarikove pljačke i razaranja (410.), kao i one kasnije vandalske (455.). U vrijeme Republike rimski castrum (prema Polibiju) ima pravilan pravokutni, gotovo kvadratan oblik; limitiran je i orijentiran na isti način kao i grad te je omeđen jarkom i zidom. Na svakoj strani logora nalaze se jedna vrata. Istočna vrata Porta praetoria i zapadna Porta decumana povezana su decumanom (via praetoria), dok su sjeverna Porta principalis sinistra i južna vrata Porta principalis dextra spojena s via principalis (cardo). Orijentacija glavnih ulica ovisila je o položaju i usmjerenosti logora. Na križanju glavnih osi logora nalazio se praetorium – središte vojne uprave. U vojnom logoru ulica cardo (via principalis) ima veće značenje od decumana. Neki autori smatraju kako osnovne zametke rimskog urbs quadratisa treba tražiti upravo u vojnom logoru. Vojni grad – castrum - slijedi etruščansko iskustvo i kristalizira nekoliko značajnih ideja i praktičnih postavki iz političke i vojne sfere. -
Ad Pirum (Hrušica): Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
Vestnik XXVI / I AD PIRUM (HRUŠICA): CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Peter Kos Vestnik XXVI / I AD PIRUM (HRUŠICA): CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Peter Kos Ad Pirum (Hrušica) e Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 5 Partner attuatore: Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije / Pubblicazione a cura dell’Istituto per la Tutela dei Beni Culturali della Slovenia Peter Kos: AD PIRUM (HRUŠICA) E I CLAUSTRA ALPIUM IULIARUM Indice Per l’Istituto: Jelka Pirkovič Introduzione 7 Curatrice della collana: Storia delle indagini 7 Biserka Ribnikar Vasle A cura di: Il sistema difensivo dei Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 13 Peter Kos Redazione: L’ubicazione del sistema dei Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 14 Marko Stokin Recensione: L’architettura dei claustra 15 Janka Istenič Le muraglie di sbarramento 20 Traduzione in italiano: Gli elementi di sostegno in muratura 21 »NoVa« Riccardo Bertoni Le torri 22 Revisione della versione italiana: Le torri d’accesso 25 Katharina Zanier I fortini inclusi nelle muraglie di sbarramento 26 Progetto grafico: Il fortino di Lanišče 26 Nuit d.o.o. Il fortino sotto il Brst presso Martinj hrib 27 In copertina: Pianta della cisterna nei saggi di scavo XX e XXII (Archivio AONMS) Le questioni cronologiche legate alla costruzione del sistema dei claustra 32 La funzione del sistema dei Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 35 Ljubljana, 2014 Le fonti storiche 37 Pubblicazione finanziata nell’ambito del Programma per la Cooperazione Transfrontaliera Italia-Slovenia 2007-2013 dal Fondo europeo di sviluppo regionale e dai fondi nazionali. Hrušica 41 I contenuti della pubblicazione non rispecchiano necessariamente la posizione ufficiale dell’Unione europea. Responsabile dei contenuti della pubblicazione è da considerarsi esclusivamente l’Autore. -
Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire
EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR BOUNDARY DISPUTES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE by Thomas Elliott A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2004 Approved by _____________________________________ Advisor: Professor Richard Talbert _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Jerzy Linderski _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Mary Boatwright _____________________________________ Reader: Professor George Houston _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Melissa Bullard ii This page intentionally left blank. iii © 2004 Thomas Elliott ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iv This page intentionally left blank. v ABSTRACT THOMAS ELLIOTT: Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire (Under the direction of Richard Talbert) This dissertation presents all published Greek and Latin epigraphic documents relating to internal boundary disputes of the Roman empire. In date, it spans the period from 2 BC to the third century AD. Spatially, the documents derive from 12 provinces ( Achaia, Africa, Asia, Baetica, Cilicia, Creta et Cyrene, Dalmatia, Iudaea, Lusitania, Macedonia, Moesia and Syria ), plus Italy. The presentation of each includes a text, English translation, bibliography and commentary. Analytical chapters expand upon recent published work by G. Burton and B. Campbell. Terminological analysis permits classification of epigraphic and literary evidence into five categories: boundary disputes, restoration of public and sacred lands, other land disputes, the assignment of boundaries and other authoritative demarcations involving Roman officials. The analysis also provides a more focused definition of several Latin and Greek words that indicate the delivery of a verdict by a Roman official ( decretum, sententia, iudicium, ἀποφάσις, κρίσις, ἐπικρίμα ). -
Au Racines De L'europe : Civis Romanus
l’EuropE avEc ou sans frontièrEs au racinEs dE l’EuropE : civis romanus sum n jEan-YvEs boriaud n « Le mot “frontière” est un mot borgne ; l’homme a deux yeux pour voir le monde. » Paul Eluard ous autres, Gaulois, savons ce que nous devons à nos coloni- sateurs romains : notre langue, notre organisation territoriale, nnotre droit, et ce sens suraigu de la démocratie, dût-elle (chez nous tous les cinq ans) s’incarner dans un chef, comme le disait un connaisseur, le prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. Lorsque, dans les années 1789, nous nous redécouvrîmes ce goût pour les saines et vivifiantes joies de la politique, il fut d’ailleurs de bon ton d’aller rechercher des modèles parmi les plus nobles figures de notre civili- sation de référence, la civilisation romaine, tels le républicain Brutus ou les premiers des partageux, les Gracques. Les plus méridionaux d’entre nous, les futurs Provençaux, avaient été colonisés sans trop de casse (deux campagnes) autour des années cent vingt avant Jésus- Christ. Ensuite, ce fut un peu plus long et un peu plus « rugueux » ; un politicien ambitieux, noble mais désargenté – Caius Julius Caesar – jeta en effet son dévolu, pour se refaire, sur ce territoire immense 92 l’EuropE avEc ou sans frontièrEs aux racines de l’Europe : civis romanus sum et potentiellement riche. L’entreprise était gigantesque mais il y mit les moyens : on parla, du côté gaulois, d’un million (Plutarque), ou d’un million deux cent mille morts, cependant qu’un million de nos ancêtres étaient réduits en esclavage. Même pour les Romains, c’était beaucoup, et Pline l’Ancien, pourtant militaire de carrière (il était ami- ral de la flotte de Misène), s’en émeut encore un siècle plus tard. -
A Római Birodalom Határai Frontiers of the Roman Empire David J
A RÓMAI BIRODALOM HATÁRAI FRONTIERS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE DAVID J. BREEZE – SONJA JILEK - ANDREAS THIEL A RÓMAI LIMES MAGYARORSZÁGON THE ROMAN LIMES IN HUNGARY VISY ZSOLT Támogató: CENTRAL EUROPE PROGRAM PTE Régészet Tanszék Pécs, 2009. Előlap/Front cover: erődkapu cserépmodellje Intercisából/Clay model of a gate of a fort from Intercisa Hátlap/Back cover: Az Antoninus Falról (Skócia, UK) származó felirat, amelyik a limes egy szakaszának a megépítéséről tájékoztat/An inscription from the Antonine Wall (Scotland, UK) recording the construction of a section of the frontier Copyright © by Historic Scotland, UK; Deutsche Limeskommission, Germany, Pécsi Tudományegyetem Régészet Tanszék Kiadó/edited by Zsolt Visy Fordítás/translation by Zsuzsa Katona Győr Nyelvhelyességi szempontból ellenőrizte: Dr. Fülep Ferencné és Fülep Zsófia Szerkesztés/designed by Krisztián Kolozsvári A 2. javított kiadás a Central Europe Program, Danube Limes pályázatának keretében valósult meg Nyomda/printed by Bornus 2009 Nyomda, Pécs Pécs 2009 ISBN 978-963-642-234-9 Tartalom CONTENTS A Római Birodalom határai ����������������������������� 5 Frontiers of the Roman Empire ����������������������� 5 A római limes Magyarországon ��������������������� 35 The Roman limes in Hungary ����������������������� 35 Szakirodalmi tájékoztató ������������������������������� 79 Further Reading ������������������������������������������� 79 A képek forrása . 82 Illustration acknowledgments . 82 Rövidítések . 83 Abbreviations ����������������������������������������������� 83 A RÓMAI Birodalom -
Burgus Building Inscriptions of Commodus from Pannonia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert Sylloge Epigraphica Barcinonensis (SEBarc) vi, 2008, pp. 125-138 issn 2013-4118 data de recepció 07.11.2008 data d’acceptació 02.06.2008 Burgus building inscriptions of Commodus from Pannonia Péter Kovács* Abstract: In this paper the author examines the case of the building of burgi and praesidia in Pannonia under the reign of Commodus that is attested by a series of inscriptions on the limes between Aquincum and Intercisa. A separated part is devoted to the question what the word paesidium could mean, i. e. most probably a smaller fortlet. The buildings were sud- denly interrupted because of Perennis’ conspiracy around 185. Zusammenfassung: Der Verfasser beschäftigt sich in diesem Beitrag mit den Bauinschriften von Burgi und Praesidia in Pannonia Inferior aus der Zeit von Commodus.Eine Reihe (insgesamt 16 Inschriften) von Bauinschriften ist aus der Limesstrecke Aquincum-Intercisa bekannt. Nach dem Verf. bedeutet das Wort praesidium ein kleineres Kastell, wie die antiken Quellen bezeugen. Das Bauprogramm wurde plötzlich nach dem Sturz des Legatus Augusti, L.Cornelius Felix Plotianus wegen der Teilnahme in der Verschwörung von Perennis im Jahre 185 n. Chr. aufgegeben. Keywords: Epigraphy, Pannonia, Commodus, limes, Roman History Schlüsselwörter: Epigraphik, Pannonien, Commodus, Limes, römische Geschichte The reorganisation of the defence system of the province Pannonia became inevi- tably necessary after the Marcomannic wars1. New auxiliary troops were trans- lated or organized2 and several forts were built into stone during the reign of * Pázmány Péter Catholic University. -
Geographical Aspects Regarding the Roman Limes in the County of Bistrița-Năsăud (Romania). Case Study: the Someș Limes (Sper
Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Geografie Year XXVI, no. 2/2016 (December), pp. 250-260 ISSN 1221-1273, E-ISSN 2065-3409 Article no. 262115-716 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE ROMAN LIMES IN THE COUNTY OF BISTRIȚA-NĂSĂUD (ROMANIA). CASE STUDY: THE SOMEȘ LIMES (SPERMEZEU-PERIȘOR-ZAGRA-SALVA- NĂSĂUD SECTION) Ioan BÂCA ”Babeș-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Geography, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Călin C. POP ”Babeș-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Geography, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Eduard SCHUSTER ”Babeș-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Geography, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Radu ZĂGREANU Bistrița-Năsăud County Museum, 19 General Grigore Bălan Street, RO-420016 Bistrița, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Roman limes from the county of Bistrița-Năsăud is part of the Porolissensis Limes and extends along a line connecting the villages Ciceu Corabia, Negrilești, Ciceu Poieni, Dobric, Spermezeu, Zagra, Salva, Năsăud, Livezile, and Orheiul Bistriței. It features specific elements, represented by Roman roads, watchtowers, burgi, and castra. Geographically, this section of the limes lies in a hilly area, represented by the Someșul Mare Hills (Ciceu Hills, Suplai Hills, Năsăud Hills) and the Bistrița Hills. The touristic and leisure value of the Limes from the county of Bistrița-Năsăud is given by the geographical features of the region (relief, climate, vegetation) and by the Roman vestiges discovered in the area. The present paper focus on the limes section stretching between the Ilișua Valley (at Spermezeu) and the Someșul Mare River (at Năsăud), and aims to identify, catalogue, and evaluate elements of the Roman limes, and to elaborate touristic utilisation strategies of the archaeological sites. -
Impact of Empire
Frontiers in the Roman World Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire géza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 13 Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access Frontiers in the Roman World Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16–19 April 2009) Edited by Olivier Hekster and Ted Kaizer LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Impact of Empire (Organization). Workshop (9th : 2009 : Durham, England) Frontiers in the Roman world : proceedings of the ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16-19 April 2009) / edited by Olivier Hekster and Ted Kaizer. -
WATERING the ROMAN LEGION Gabriel Moss a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in P
WATERING THE ROMAN LEGION Gabriel Moss A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Richard Talbert Fred Naiden S. Thomas Parker © 2015 Gabriel Moss ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Gabriel Moss: Watering the Roman Legion (Under the direction of Richard Talbert) This thesis investigates how ancient Roman legions provisioned fresh water while on campaign, arguing that water logistics were an important limit on Rome’s ability to defend the empire. Using comparative data, this thesis estimates the hefty water requirements of a Roman army in the field and argues that the limits of preindustrial transportation technology compelled commanders to stick close to local water supplies except in the most urgent circumstances. After a discussion of what water sources ancient armies could tap, this thesis turns to investigate how the reliance on local water sources limited the strategic maneuverability of Roman forces. Through GIS analysis of water sources along the Roman frontier in Tripolitania, it demonstrates that large swaths of nominally “Roman” territory were inaccessible to Roman troops, and that the strictures of water logistics made it challenging for the Roman Empire to adequately secure its desert frontiers. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been produced without the generous contributions of many people and organizations. My thanks to professors Richard Talbert, Fred Naiden, S. Thomas Parker, and John Chasteen for their valuable feedback and guidance, to Ryan Horne for technical assistance in all things GIS, and to Philip McDaniel and the UNC GIS Library for directing me to invaluable mapping datasets.