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Vajner Balázs DOI: 10.15774/PPKE.BTK.2016.005 Vajner Balázs Castra, castrum, castellum Statisztika és interpretáció Ph. D. disszertáció Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi Kar Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola Klasszika-filológia Műhely 2015 Témavezető: Dr. Kovács Péter DOI: 10.15774/PPKE.BTK.2016.005 1 Bevezető ................................................................................................................................. 8 2 Etimológiai áttekintés ........................................................................................................... 11 Ókori etimológiák......................................................................................................... 11 Modern etimológiák ..................................................................................................... 12 Morfológiai változások................................................................................................. 13 A castra, castrum, castellum szócsaládja a latin nyelvben .......................................... 14 A castra és a castrum szócsaládja .......................................................................... 14 A castellum szócsaládja .......................................................................................... 15 A castra, castrum, castellum szavak leszármazottai más nyelvekben ......................... 15 Görög ...................................................................................................................... 16 Középkori latin ....................................................................................................... 16 Újlatin nyelvek ....................................................................................................... 17 Germán nyelvek ..................................................................................................... 18 Szláv nyelvek ......................................................................................................... 18 Keleti nyelvek......................................................................................................... 18 Magyar.................................................................................................................... 19 3 Castra, castrum, castellum a modern szótárakban és lexikonokban .................................... 19 Az iskolai felhasználásra szánt szótárak szócikkei ...................................................... 19 Az iskolai felhasználásra szánt szótárak castellum szócikkei ................................ 19 Az iskolai felhasználásra szánt szótárak castra szócikkei ..................................... 20 Castra-tisztségnevek az iskolai szótárakban ................................................... 21 Speciális tábortípusok az iskolai szótárakban ................................................. 22 A castra egyéb kontextusai ............................................................................. 23 Az iskolai felhasználásra szánt szótárak castrum szócikkei .................................. 23 A Realenzyklopädie szócikkei...................................................................................... 24 A Thesaurus szócikkei .................................................................................................. 24 4 Kontextus- és jelentéskategóriák .......................................................................................... 25 Mindhárom szó esetében előforduló kontextusok ........................................................ 25 Település, illetve erődnévhez kapcsolódva (a tulajdonnév részeként, vagy mint típusmegjelölés).................................................................................................................... 25 Településtípus ......................................................................................................... 26 Grammatikai ........................................................................................................... 26 Idézet ...................................................................................................................... 26 Castra ........................................................................................................................... 26 Alapjelentés – Katonai tábor .................................................................................. 27 A Róma városához köthető speciális táborok ................................................. 28 Általános tábortípusok .................................................................................... 29 Informális tábortípusok ................................................................................... 29 2 DOI: 10.15774/PPKE.BTK.2016.005 Tisztségnevek .......................................................................................................... 30 A castra metonimikus használata ........................................................................... 31 A castra átvitt értelmű használata .......................................................................... 32 A castra speciális kontextusai ................................................................................ 32 Megtisztelő címek ........................................................................................... 32 4.2.5.1.1 Filius castrorum .......................................................................................... 32 4.2.5.1.2 Mater castrorum ......................................................................................... 33 Genius castrorum ............................................................................................ 33 Origo castris ................................................................................................... 34 A castra egyéb jelentésváltozatai és kontextusai ................................................... 35 Castrum ........................................................................................................................ 35 A castrum, mint településtípus ............................................................................... 35 A castrum, mint katonai létesítmény ...................................................................... 35 A castrum egyéb jelentésváltozatai ........................................................................ 36 Castellum ...................................................................................................................... 36 Castellum, mint településtípus ............................................................................... 36 A római településtipológia vázlata .................................................................. 37 Castellum – vicus ............................................................................................ 40 Castellum – civitas .......................................................................................... 42 Castellum – oppidum ...................................................................................... 42 Castellum – urbs ............................................................................................. 43 Castellum – colonia és municipium ................................................................ 44 Összefoglaló .................................................................................................... 44 Castellum, mint katonai erődítmény ....................................................................... 45 Castellum aquae ..................................................................................................... 46 Tisztségnevek ......................................................................................................... 48 Genius castelli ........................................................................................................ 48 Castellum figlinarum .............................................................................................. 49 A castellum képes/átvitt értelmű használata ........................................................... 49 5 Előfordulások irodalmi szövegekben ................................................................................... 49 A castra, castrum és castellum viszonylagos gyakorisága........................................... 50 Kontextusok és jelentésváltozatok gyakorisága ........................................................... 50 Castra ..................................................................................................................... 50 Áttekintő táblázat ............................................................................................ 50 Speciális tábortípusok ..................................................................................... 51 Egyéb jelentésváltozatok ................................................................................. 53 Castrum .................................................................................................................. 55 Castellum ................................................................................................................ 55 3 DOI: 10.15774/PPKE.BTK.2016.005 6 Előfordulások feliratokon ..................................................................................................... 56 A castra, castrum és castellum viszonylagos gyakorisága........................................... 58 Castra ........................................................................................................................... 58 A mater castrorum feliratok ..................................................................................
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