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Hatikvah – the Real Story Behind Israel's Anthem

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Hatikvah – the Real Story Behind Israel's Anthem MARKETPLACE SHLOMO MAITAL Hatikvah – The real story behind Israel’s anthem “WHEREVER YOU look at Hatikvah, ucator David Yellin, who founded the He- The British Ban: During the British Man- there is a story. Peel off the layers and you brew language committee, and later Leib date in Palestine, the Jewish radio station will see that not only is there an endless Matmon Cohen, headmaster of the Rishon was forbidden to play Hatikvah. So instead history, there is also a yearning for an eter- Hebrew School, changed those words to the radio played Smetana’s Die Moldau. nal future.” the ones we sing today. The words of Ha- The British could not blacklist a work of This is what concert pianist and musi- tikvah are actually a single complex sen- classical music. cologist Astrith Baltsan told Ilan Evyatar, tence with two clauses. writing in The Jerusalem Post, in 2010. Official Adoption: Not until November Baltsan wrote a book, “Hatikvah – Past, The Music: It is not true that the Hatikva 10, 2004 was Hatikvah adopted official- Present, Future,” and performs a fascinat- melody came from Smetana’s 1874 piece, ly as Israel’s national anthem, in the Flag, ing one-person show, “Hatikvah – A Hymn Die Moldau, played frequently on the radio Coat of Arms and National Anthem Law. is Born,” while at her piano. I was priv- and in concert halls. The Hatikvah melody The decisive vote in favor was cast by the ileged to see and hear it some years ago. has travelled the world for centuries, al- Druze Knesset Member Ayoub Kara, who Here are some of the stories surround- most like the Diaspora Jewry. hails from Daliat al-Carmel, now the Likud ing Israel’s national anthem. In addition to Baltsan discovered that the Hatikvah Minister of Communications. Why would a Evyatar’s account, I found material in an melody goes back 600 years to a Sefardi Druze citizen vote for Hatikvah? Israel Story podcast on Hatikvah; it can be prayer for dew, Birkat Ha'tal. After the found at www.israelstory.org. It turns out Inquisition, as Jews scattered through Eu- Link with the Druze: It turns out that Im- that what most of us believe about Hatik- rope, the melody found its way to Italy, ber met a British parliamentarian named vah is simply untrue. where it became a popular love song, “Fugi, Laurence Oliphant in 1882, in Constanti- Fugi, Amore Mio” (Flee, flee, my love!). It nople (now Istanbul). Oliphant made Imber The Poet: Naftali Herz Imber wrote a evolved into a Romanian gypsy folk song, his personal secretary and together they left nine-stanza poem, Tikvateinu; the first “Cart and Oxen;” then, a 17-year-old immi- for Palestine, settling in the Druze village stanza is what we sing as Hatikvah. Im- grant to Palestine from Romania, Shmuel of Daliat al-Carmel. Imber became roman- ber was born in Galicia (now, Ukraine) in Cohen, used the “Cart and Oxen” tune for tically involved with Oliphant’s wife and 1856. When he was 25, he set out for Pal- the poem, Hatikvah. And it quickly caught was fired. Kara’s grandfather had worked estine. He carried a notebook in his pocket, on. as an assistant to Oliphant. Hence Kara’s with half-finished poems, including “Tik- What is the connection with Die Moldau? decisive vote in favor. vateinu.” In the Israel Story podcast, staffer 12-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Zev Levi recounts that “at night Imber per- heard the original folk tune in Italy, where The Shoah: At the end of World War II, formed his poetry for the locals and, during he had been sent to study, and incorporat- a British Jewish chaplain named Leslie the day, while they worked in the fields, ed it into one of his compositions. Mozart Hardman led Bergen-Belsen survivors in Imber would raid their wine cellars.” took the music to Vienna, then to Prague. a Kabalat Shabat, in the open, in the midst Imber was an alcoholic. In 1887, he was There, Smetana picked it up. of the camp, on April 20 1945. The “choir broke and unhappy. Baltsan recounts that Smetana’s Die Moldau, like Hatikvah, of human skeletons”, Baltsan wrote, “sang Imber left Palestine for New York, married was part of a nationalist uprising. The Hatikvah in haunting voices.” It was re- a Christian woman who had converted, di- Czech composer thought, a national move- corded by a BBC reporter and was discov- vorced her and died there penniless from ment is like a river, you can’t stop water, ered later in the library of the Smithsonian alcohol-induced liver disease. He was 53. just as you can’t extinguish hope. Smet- Institute. This is perhaps one of the most The Words: The original Imber poem read: ana’s symphonic poem, My Country, in- moving and memorable of all early Hatik- “hatikva hanoshana, lashuv l’eretz avo- cluding Die Moldau (the German name for vah recordings. teinu, la’ir ba David k’hanah” (the ancient the Vltava River, the longest Czech river), hope, to return to the land of our fathers, the became a sort of Czech anthem without Link with Herzl: Herzl absolutely detested city where David encamped). In 1895, ed- words, Baltsan said. Hatikvah, perhaps because he knew Imber 32 THE JERUSALEM REPORT JULY 9, 2018 was a drunk. Herzl even organized a con- time Israel Philharmonic conductor and test, in 1903, for an anthem but the entrants musical director Zubin Mehta has said that were awful. the orchestration of Hatikvah by Bernardi- Israel Story co-founder Mishy Harmon no Molinari, the version now used almost interviewed veteran journalist and former exclusively by orchestras, “was the most MK Uri Avneri. Like Herzl, Avneri viru- COMMONS WIKIMEDIA beautiful national anthem of them all”. lently hates Hatikvah. “It has nothing to do Molinari was an Italian orchestra conduc- with Israel,” he told Harmon. “It is about tor. In October 1948, he arrived in Palestine Jews abroad…and has nothing to do with on a British bomber, claiming the Virgin people in the Land of Israel. It is irrelevant Mary had appeared to him in dream and or- to a state in which we have two different dered him to help the Jews. Molinari spent populations, Jewiah and Arab. [We] need to three years with the Palestine Orchestra, get rid of this anthem and have a real Israeli and one of his first endeavors was to or- anthem.” chestrate Hatikvah. It was he who conduct- Rabbi Avraham Isaac Kook, the chief ed the performance of the national anthem rabbi before the State of Israel was found- when David Ben Gurion declared indepen- ed, actually wrote an alternative anthem to dence in Tel Aviv in May 1948. Hatikvah, called The Faith. Here are the Then, as Israel began to hunt down Nazi first two verses: “Eternally there lives in collaborators, Molinari disappeared. It our hearts, The steadfast faith that we will Naftali Herz Imber emerged that he was put on trial in Italy as return to our holy land, The city in which a Fascist sympathizer who had correspond- David settled. There we shall fulfill our des- ed with Nazi propaganda minister Joseph tiny, [which the] Father of many [nations] Goebbels. As head of an orchestra, he had acquired, There we shall live our life, The Stripes was sung, and other black players betrayed Jews to the Fascists. His flight life of the nation of multitudes.” joined the protest against police killing of to Palestine was a failed attempt to evade blacks, President Donald Trump reviled punishment, or perhaps to pay penance. Link with Israeli Arabs: Levi recounts them as disloyal. Recently, the NFL has He was found guilty and died isolated, in that Rifat Turk, the first Israeli Arab to play ruled that players must stand for the an- a monastery. for Israel’s national soccer team, stood si- them, but can if they wish remain in the lently in his first international game, in locker room until it is over, a ruling that has Link with Hamas: In the Israel Story 1976, when Hatikvah was sung. been widely mocked. podcast, Zev Levi recounts that there is a “I am not a Jewish soul,” he said. “I am an Hamas parody of Hatikvah on YouTube, Arab soul. If the anthem’s lyrics were about Link with Uganda: Levi recounts that at released in May 2014, around Israel’s In- love and consideration of people like me, the Sixth Zionist Congress, in Basel, in Au- dependence Day. It is titled “The End of I’d happily sing it.” gust 1903, the Uganda Proposal to create a Hope” and says, among other things, “The Turk was reviled by Jewish fans for his temporary Jewish State in East Africa was Zionist army is made of wax and already it silence −especially fanatical Beitar Jerusa- discussed. The proposal passed, 295 in fa- is melting and has no hope; the vile Jews lem supporters when Turk’s team Hapoel vor, 178 against. who were here before, someone tell me Tel Aviv played Beitar. “I will kill you. Go Its opponents then got up and sang Hatik- what is left of them!” play in Syria. Go play with Arafat!” they vah – “the eye looks toward Zion.” Thus, Hebrew University musicologist Prof. yelled. Levi observed, “a Hebrew poem penned by Edwin Seroussi, winner of the 2018 Israel Abbas Suan, an Israeli Arab from Sakh- a misfit and stuck to a random Romanian Prize, told Levi, “when protesters burn the nin, became a national hero in 2006 when tune, became the unlikely political anthem flag, they burn the State.
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