1 Day After Night Dramaturgy Dictionary Compiled by Mikaley Osley 8/30/12 2 Table of Contents Camps/Kibbutz .............................................................................................................................. 3 Historical Context .......................................................................................................................... 9 WWII/Holocaust History ............................................................................................................. 11 Food/Plants .................................................................................................................................. 12 Politics ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Judaism ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Language/Slang/Terms ............................................................................................................... 21 Places/Locations/Journies............................................................................................................. 22 3 Camps/Kibbutz Alonim—A kibbutz in northern Israel, in 1947 the population was 450; an orchard and dairy farm, known for manufacturing flutes Atlit Detainee Camp—A detention camp established by the British Mandate to prevent Jewish refugees from entering into Palestine Auschwitz—The largest of the German concentration camps, broken down into three camps; housed the most gas chambers where over 3 million people died there; liberated in January by Soviet troupes 4 Beit Oren—A kibbutz in northern Israel, “little Switzerland”; originally served as a watch tower and camp until 1939 when it was founded by Russian and Polish immigrants who were part of the Hebrew Socialist Youth movement; hosted the 208 illegal immigrants that escaped from Atlit Bergen-Belsen—A concentration camp in northwestern Germany that was originally established as a prisoners of war camp and turned into an “exchange camp” where Jewish hostages were held with the intention of exchanging them for German prisoners; it was librated on April 15, 1945 Buchenwald—The first and largest concentration camp on German soil, in Weimar, Germany, housed Elie Wiesel author of Night 5 Dalia—A kibbutz in northern Israel with a population of 320 in 1947; known for its agriculture Displaced Persons Camp—“DP camp/refugee camp”; a temporary facilities for displaces person coerced into forced migration; two years after WWII 850,000 people still lived in DP camps Kibbutz/Kibbutznik—An Israeli community (or someone living in this Israeli community) centered and built around the agriculture of the location. They were constructed based on the Zionist idea of the homeland and the growth of the Jewish community. Spread throughout Israel, famous for different things such as manufacturing flutes, growing oranges, or producing cotton. 6 Kfar Giladi—A kibbutz in northern Israel founded in 1916 known for its continuous growth of apples and avocados Ma’abarot—A kibbutz in Israel founded in 1932 by the Hashomer Hatzair Zionists; consists mostly of farms cotton being its main crop; Nissim Nissimov was a famous musician that lived there who wrote a famous musical inspired by the Song of Songs Negba—A kibbutz Negev, Israel with a name meaning “southward” founded in 1939 by Polish members Hashomer Hatzair; was attacked in 1948 by Arabs of Egypt and the battle went on for three months when the Israeli army finally won; the water tower still stands with bullet holes as a reminder of the battle 7 Ravensbruck—A women’s concentration camp in the north of Berlin opened in 1939 containing 1000 Polish women Theresienstat/Terezin—Thresienstat Ghetto; 150,000 Jews were held there before they were sent to their deaths on rail transports; this was the camp where the Nazi’s allowed the Danish Red Cross to come in and dispel the rumors about the concentration camps sending many prisoners to Auschwitz to minimize the crowding, repainted the rooms, and created false shops and cafés Westerbork Transit Camp—A refugee, detention and transit camp where Dutch Jews were sent before being transferred to concentration camps (Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, and Thresienstadt); where Anne Frank stayed before she was taken to Auschwitz; destroyed in 1970 8 Yagur—One of the two largest kibbutzim in Israel 9km south of Haifa founded in 1922 by Ahva; in 1946 the British conducted a major raid on the kibbutz and arrested many of the kibbutzniks 9 Historical Context The Andrews Sisters—A close harmony trio (LaVerne, Maxene, and Patty) in the swing era selling over 75 million records including their most famous “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy”; they also sing “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree” from the movie Private Buckaroo Calisthenics—A form of exercise consisting of a variety of simple movements without equipment designed to increase body strength and flexibility i.e. lunges, jumping jacks, sit-ups, crunches, push-ups, pull-ups, squats, dips; performed in leader-directed groups to increase group cohesion and discipline and synchronicity Chloroform—A chemical used as an anesthetic; the vapor depresses the central nervous system and can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia (sudden sniffer’s death) Claudette Colbert—An American actress born in France, one of the leading female actresses of screwball comedy and the highest paid cinema actress in the 1930s DDT Powder—An insecticide used to control malaria and typhus among civilians and troops Diaspora—“The movement, migration or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland”, “people settled far from their ancestral homelands”; sense of displacement where the population finds itself separated from its national territory and usually its people have a hope or desire to return to their homeland 10 Groucho Marx—An American comedian and film/TV star; master of quick wit and became famous for his looks i.e. mustache, glasses, and cigar Hebrew University—Israel’s second-oldest university and houses the world’s largest Jewish studies library; established through the Zionist movement Laurel and Hardy—An American double comedy act, Oliver Hardy (large American) and Stan Laurel (slim Englishman), known for their slapstick comedy Private Buckaroo—An American musical film about army recruits where the song “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree” by Sam Stept sung by the Andrew Sisters, originated: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5u8E4s57I0 Samuel Stept—An American songwriter who has written for film, television, and Broadway, focusing mostly in pop and jazz. He wrote “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree” performed by the Andrews Sisters in the movie Private Buckaroo University of Aberdeen—The third oldest university in Scotland located in Aberdeen founded in 1495 Walkie Talkie of 1945—The first radio receiver/transmitter nicknamed “Walkie Talkie”, a backpacked Motorola SCR-300 developed in 1940 11 WWII/Holocaust History Boxcar—A goods van, a railroad car that is enclosed and generally used to carry general freight; livestock is often transported but it is said that there is inadequate air ventilation; Nazi used these to transport Jews to the concentration camps; on average, forty soldiers can fit comfortably or eight horses Final Solution—Nazi Germany’s plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews, the most deadly phase of the Holocaust Gas Chamber—An apparatus for killing humans for animals with gas (hydrogen cyanide); used as a part of the “public euthanasia program”; killed several million people 1941-1945 and could kill 2,000 people at once Kapo—Prisoner functionary; a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to t supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp Lampshade—The term used for when Nazi soldiers would scalp prisoners and make items (most commonly lampshades) out of their skin Pogrom—A violent riot against Jews condoned by law enforcement characterized by killings and destruction of Jewish homes and properties, business and religious centers i.e. Kristalnacht in 1938 Slaughterhouse—Abattoir, a facilities where animals are killed SS Blood Group Tattoo—An emblem worn by the members of the Waffen-SS to identify the individual’s blood type; a small black ink tattoo located on the underside of the left arm, usually near the armpit 7mm; an identifier after the war in finding Nazi supporters 12 Food/Plants Bougainvillea—A flowering plant common in warm climates mostly South America and the Mediterranean Carp—A oily freshwater fish native to Europe and Asia Challah—A braided bread eaten on Sabbath and holidays; the double loaf celebrates the manna that fell from the heavens when the Israelites wandered in the desert for forty years; loaf is woven in six strands, total of twelve, representing the tribes of Israel; on Rosh Hashanah, the bread is rolled in a circular shape symbolizing the cycle of the years and is often baked with raisins and brushed with honey 13 Compote—A French dessert of fruit in sugar syrup topped with whipped cream; the syrup has various flavors such as cinnamon, cloves, vanilla, lemon etc. Cypress—A type of tree that is common in northern temperate regions Halva—“sweet” in Arabic; two types of dessert one with a flour base (more gelatinous) and one with a nut butter base (more crumbly); there can be many variations and bases for the dessert such as sunflower seeds, nuts, beans, lentils, and