DOCSLIB.ORG

Communism's Jewish Question

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Communism’s Jewish Question Europäisch-jüdische Studien Editionen European-Jewish Studies Editions Edited by the Moses Mendelssohn Center for European-Jewish Studies, Potsdam, in cooperation with the Center for Jewish Studies Berlin-Brandenburg Editorial Manager: Werner Treß Volume 3 Communism’s Jewish Question Jewish Issues in Communist Archives Edited and introduced by András Kovács An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License, as of February 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. ISBN 978-3-11-041152-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041159-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-041163-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover illustration: Presidium, Israelite National Assembly on February 20-21, 1950, Budapest (pho- tographer unknown), Archive “Az Izraelita Országos Gyűlés fényképalbuma” Typesetting: Michael Peschke, Berlin Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Abbreviations vii Introduction: The “Jewish Issue” and the East-Central European Communist Systems 1 Continuity of the “Jewish question” and antisemitic discourse after the Holocaust 2 Post-war and Stalinist Communist policy and the continuity of the “Jewish question” 5 Jewish policy of the Communist states in the post-Stalinist period 9 About the collection 15 I Communist Policies and the Jewish State Introduction 21 Documents 32 1 On Emigration 32 2 Meeting with Golda Meir 34 3 Second Meeting with Golda Meir 37 4 Negotiations on Compensation with Israel 39 5 On the Israeli Legation in Budapest 41 6 Negotiations on Compensation with Israel 42 7 Negotiations on Compensation with Israel 44 8 The Condition of Hungarian-Israeli Relations 51 9 Current Issues of Hungarian-Israeli Relations 53 10 Problems Concerning Relations with Israel 55 11 Relations Between Israel and the Socialist Countries in 1966 58 12 Principles of the Relations with Israel 62 13 Hungarian-Israeli Economic Relations 66 14 Summary of Hungarian-Israeli Relations 1967 69 15 Trade Relations with Israel 72 II The Eichmann Affair Introduction 77 Documents 84 1 Minutes of the Political Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party 84 2 Tasks after the Decision of the Political Committee 87 3 Tasks in Connection with the Eichmann Case 89 vi Table of Contents 4 Consultation Issues in Respect of the Eichmann Case 92 5 Official Request of the Legation of Israel 95 6 Position of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic of the Case of Eichmann 97 7 On Co-Operation with Israel 102 8 On Measures to be Taken in the Eichmann Case 106 9 On the Kasztner Issue 108 10 Letter of S. Mikunis, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Israel 110 11 B’nai B’rith Report on Media Coverage of the Eichmann Case in Communist Countries 112 III The Six-Day War and its Aftermath Introduction 129 Documents 140 1 Telephone Conversation between János Kádár and Leonid Brezhnev 140 2 Soviet Ambassador’s Meeting with János Kádár 141 3 Telephone Conversation between János Kádár and Leonid Brezhnev 142 4 Soviet Ambassador’s Meeting with Zoltán Komócsin 144 5 Information from Leonid Brezhnev’s Personal Secretary 145 6 Soviet Ambassador’s Meeting with János Kádár 146 7 Message from Deputy Head of the Foreign-Affairs Department of the CPSU 148 8 On the Moscow Meeting 149 9 Telephone Conversation between János Kádár and Leonid Brezhnev 157 10 Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Committee 158 11 The Presidium of the CC CPČZ on the War in the Middle East 171 12 Message from Deputy Head of the Foreign Affairs Department of the CPSU 178 13 Information from the Soviet Embassy to János Kádár 179 14 Leonid Brezhnev’s Telegram to János Kádár 180 15 Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Committee on 18 July 1967 181 16 Report on the Opinion of Members of the Hungarian Jewish Congregation from an Anonymous Informer 186 17 Report on the Mood within the Hungarian Jewish Religious Denomination 190 18 The Political Committee’s Resolution on Hungarian-Israeli Relations 193 19 Proposal on Hungarian-Israeli Relations 198 20 Appraisal of Draft CC Proposal on Restoring Hungarian-Israeli Diplomatic Relations 211 Table of Contents vii IV The International Jewish Organisations, the Jewish Community and the State Introduction 219 Documents 229 1 Conversation with Meir Vilner, Member of the ICP CC 229 2 Proposal for the Exit of the Hungarian Jewish Denomination from the World Jewish Congress 233 3 The Aims of the World Jewish Congress with Regard to the Hungarian Jewish Denomination 235 4 On the Foreign Relations of the Hungarian Jewish Religious Denomination 238 5 On the Fifth Conference of the World Jewish Congress in Brussels 242 6 The Fifth Conference of the World Jewish Congress 246 7 The Foreign Relations of the Jewish Religious Denomination 249 8 On the Visit to Hungary of Dr Nahum Goldmann and his Colleagues 252 9 Conversation with Dr Philip Klutznick, President of the World Jewish Congress 255 10 Negotiations Held with the Leaders of the World Jewish Congress 258 11 On the Suggestion to Hold in Budapest the 1987 Annual Assembly of EJC 260 12 Comments of the Secretary-General of the WJC 262 13 The Meeting in Budapest of the Executive Committee of the WJC 264 V Mechanisms of Repression and the Jews Introduction 269 Documents 285 1 The Current Situation of the Jewish Denomination 285 2 The Jewish Denomination 288 3 Operational Situation of the Jewish Denomination 292 4 Operational Work against the Zionist Movement 297 5 Conditions for the Indemnification of the Hungarian Jews 303 6 On Zionist Issues 305 7 On the Israeli Embassy 308 8 Campaign to Reduce the Influence of the Israeli Embassy 312 9 The Economic Situation of the National Representation of Hungarian Israelites and the Budapest Israelite Congregation 314 10 Chairmanship Elections at the National Representation of Hungarian Israelites and the Budapest Israelite Congregation 318 viii Table of Contents 11 Policy Measures in the Field of the Jewish Religious Community 321 12 Reports on the World Federation of Hungarian Jews and the Meeting of the Former Pupils of the Jewish Grammar School 324 13 On the Activities of Domestic and Foreign Zioinsts 327 14 On the Operations in the Jewish Religious Community in 1977 330 15 The Centenary of the National Rabbinical Seminary 338 16 The Jewish Clerical Reaction in the Past 3 Years 343 17 Appendix. Orientation for a Systematic Register of the People of Jewish Origin 350 Biographical Notes 354 Bibliography 361 Archival sources 361 Archival sources online 362 Monographs and articles 362 Index of Persons 367 Abbreviations ACNS Administration of the Corps of National Security in Czechoslovakia (Sbor Národní Bezpečnosti) ÁEH State Office for Church Affairs (Állami Egyházügyi Hivatal) APO Agitation and Propaganda Department (Agitációs és Propaganda Osztály) ARTEX Art Export, Hungarian Foreign Trade Company BIC Budapest Israelite Congregation (Budapesti Izraelita Hitközség, BIH) CC Central Committee CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany CPC Communist Party of China CPCz Communist Party of Czechoslovakia CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union ČSSR Czechoslovak Socialist Republic CSU Christian Social Union in Bavaria EJC European Jewish Congress EXIMIS Export-Import Bank of Israel FIJET World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers (Fédération Internationale des Journalistes et Écrivains du Tourisme) FRG Federal Republic of Germany GDR German Democratic Republic HPR Hungarian People’s Republic HSWP Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party (see also MSZMP) IBUSZ Tourism, Purchase, Travel and Transport Private Limited Company (Idegenforgalmi, Beszerzési, Utazási és Szállítási Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság) ICP Israeli Communist Party ICR Institute for Cultural Relations JOINT American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee JRC Jewish Religious Community KSZB Central Social Committee (Központi Szociális Bizottság) MAHART Hungarian Shipping Company (Magyar Hajózási Részvénytársaság) MALÉV Hungarian Airlines (Magyar Légiközlekedési Vállalat) MAPAI Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael) MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Külügyminisztérium) MFT Ministry of Foreign Trade MIOI National Bureau of Hungarian Israelites MIOK National Representation of Hungarian Israelites, NRHI (Magyarországi Izraeliták Országos Képviselete) MSZMP Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, HSWP (Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NB[H] National Bank [of Hungary] NRHI National Representation of Hungarian Israelites (see also MIOK) PC Political Committee PLO Palestine Liberation Organization PPR Polish People’s Republic PSR Polish Socialist Republic SABENA Belgian Corporation for Air Navigation Services (Societé Anonyme Belge d’Exploitation de la Navigation Aérienne) SC Security Council x Abbreviations SSE Société
Recommended publications
  • History of Hatikvah, Israel's National Anthem This Video Dives Into the History of Israel’S Iconic National Anthem, Hatikvah

    History of Hatikvah, Israel's National Anthem This Video Dives Into the History of Israel’S Iconic National Anthem, Hatikvah

    Educator’s Guide History of HaTikvah, Israel's National Anthem This video dives into the history of Israel’s iconic national anthem, HaTikvah. While some students may be familiar with these words, do they know their meaning, or the anthem’s complex backstory? Originally a nine-stanza poem, HaTikvah’s melody may have been lifted from an earlier Italian or Czech song. Today, HaTikvah both inspires and irritates. It is an aspirational anthem, which connects Jews around the world, and it also alienates others who do not connect to the themes. This episode begs the important question: What’s more important in a national anthem- that it include all of its citizens or that it embody the spirit upon which the country was founded and that it strives to maintain? Video: https://unpacked.education/video/history-of-israels-national-anthem-does-hatikvah-mean -hope-for-all/ Further Reading 1. Dr. James Loeffler, “How ‘Hatikvah’ (The Hope) Became Israel’s National Anthem” https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/hatikvah/ 2. Edwin Seroussi, “Hatikvah: Conceptions, Receptions and Reflections” http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/content/hatikvah-conceptions-receptions-and-reflection s 3. Ilan Ben Zion, “How an unwieldy romantic poem and a Romanian folk song combined to produce ‘Hatikva’” https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-an-unwieldy-romantic-poem-and-a-romanian-folk-son g-combined-to-produce-hatikva/ 4. Benjamin Kerstein, “‘Hatikvah’ Keeps its Edge, Despite Everything” http://www.thetower.org/article/hatikva-keeps-its-edge-despite-everything/ © 2019 Unpacked for Educators All Rights Reserved ​ 1 5. Dr. Rafael Medoff, “‘Hatikvah’ in the Holocaust” http://www.jewishledger.com/2013/04/hatikvah-in-the-holocaust/ 6.
  • Antisemitism in the Radical Left and the British Labour Party, by Dave Rich

    Antisemitism in the Radical Left and the British Labour Party, by Dave Rich

    Kantor Center Position Papers Editor: Mikael Shainkman January 2018 ANTISEMITISM IN THE RADICAL LEFT AND THE BRITISH LABOUR PARTY Dave Rich* Executive Summary Antisemitism has become a national political issue and a headline story in Britain for the first time in decades because of ongoing problems in the Labour Party. Labour used to enjoy widespread Jewish support but increasing left wing hostility towards Israel and Zionism, and a failure to understand and properly oppose contemporary antisemitism, has placed increasing distance between the party and the UK Jewish community. This has emerged under the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn, a product of the radical 1960s New Left that sees Israel as an apartheid state created by colonialism, but it has been building on the fringes of the left for decades. Since Corbyn became party leader, numerous examples of antisemitic remarks made by Labour members, activists and elected officials have come to light. These remarks range from opposition to Israel’s existence or claims that Zionism collaborated with Nazism, to conspiracy theories about the Rothschilds or ISIS. The party has tried to tackle the problem of antisemitism through procedural means and generic declarations opposing antisemitism, but it appears incapable of addressing the political culture that produces this antisemitism: possibly because this radical political culture, borne of anti-war protests and allied to Islamist movements, is precisely where Jeremy Corbyn and his closest associates find their political home. A Crisis of Antisemitism Since early 2016, antisemitism has become a national political issue in Britain for the first time in decades. This hasn’t come about because of a surge in support for the far right, or jihadist terrorism against Jews.
  • The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum to Pay

    The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum to Pay

    JANUARY 2003 VOLUME 16 NUMBER 3 THE UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM TO PAY TRIBUTE TO HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS IN NOVEMBER 2003 WASHINGTON, DC--Once a dream for send a message to the American people preserved, will be open. There will be honor the living,and offer hope for the many survivors, The United States about the importance of remembrance for presentations about the photo archives, future. The ceremony will be broadcast live Holocaust Memorial Museum is now a the future. survivor programs on the Website and on the Website, where visitors can post reality that reaches millions of Americans curator-led tours of the Museum’s special messages of honor and remembrance. from all walks of life every year, with its A Unique Living Legacy exhibitions: Hidden Children and American mission of remembrance and education. “Survivors Day at the United States Responses to the Nazi Book Burnings will Remembrance and America The Museum approaches its 10th Holocaust Memorial Museum” be offered continuously. President George W. Bush and Prof. Elie Anniversary when the world still faces Wiesel will be invited to speak. There will be deadly dangers, and the lessons of the brief remarks prior to a candle-lit procession Holocaust become ever more critical. Now to the Hall of Remembrance, where there will more than before, the mission of the be a memorial candle-lighting. Museum becomes urgent. As a token of gratitude to the U.S., The Museum’s sacred obligation to survivors will present the President with A preserve and transmit the legacy of the Living Legacy, a one-of-a-kind book of survivors, and their enthusiastic support photographs of themselves and their and involvement with the survivors, has descendants, now in the fourth generation, made the Museum an extraordinary success.
  • Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers

    Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers

    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/06/2006 Time 4:59:15PM S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Expanded Number S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Visits of heads of states and foreign ministers Date Created 17/03/1977 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0907-0001: Correspondence with heads-of-state 1965-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit •3 felt^ri ly^f i ent of Public Information ^ & & <3 fciiW^ § ^ %•:£ « Pres™ s Sectio^ n United Nations, New York Note Ko. <3248/Rev.3 25 September 1981 KOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS TO ATTEND GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION The Secretariat has been officially informed so far that the Heads of State or Government of 12 countries, 10 Deputy Prime Ministers or Vice- Presidents, 124 Ministers for Foreign Affairs and five other Ministers will be present during the thirty-sixth regular session of the General Assembly. Changes, deletions and additions will be available in subsequent revisions of this release. Heads of State or Government George C, Price, Prime Minister of Belize Mary E. Charles, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and External Affairs of Dominica Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador Ptolemy A. Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana Daniel T. arap fcoi, President of Kenya Mcussa Traore, President of Mali Eeewcosagur Ramgoolare, Prime Minister of Haur itius Seyni Kountche, President of the Higer Aristides Royo, President of Panama Prem Tinsulancnda, Prime Minister of Thailand Walter Hadye Lini, Prime Minister and Kinister for Foreign Affairs of Vanuatu Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (more) For information media — not an official record Office of Public Information Press Section United Nations, New York Note Ho.
  • Regime Stability and Foreign Policy Change Interaction Between Domestic and Foreign Policy in Hungary 1956-1994 Niklasson, Tomas

    Regime Stability and Foreign Policy Change Interaction Between Domestic and Foreign Policy in Hungary 1956-1994 Niklasson, Tomas

    Regime Stability and Foreign Policy Change Interaction between Domestic and Foreign Policy in Hungary 1956-1994 Niklasson, Tomas 2006 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Niklasson, T. (2006). Regime Stability and Foreign Policy Change: Interaction between Domestic and Foreign Policy in Hungary 1956-1994. Department of Political Science, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 REGIME STABILITY AND FOREIGN POLICY CHANGE Interaction between Domestic and Foreign Policy in Hungary 1956-1994 Tomas Niklasson Lund Political Studies 143 Department of Political Science Lund University Cover design: Cecilia Campbell Layout: Tomas Niklasson © 2006 Tomas Niklasson ISBN: 91-88306-56-9 Lund Political Studies 143 ISSN: 0460-0037 Printed by Studentlitteratur Lund, 2006 Distribution: Department of Political Science Lund University Box 52 SE-221 00 Lund SWEDEN http://www.svet.lu.se/lps/lps.html To Kasper and Felix, for the insights they have provided into work-life balance – and rat races..
  • Antisemitism and the Left

    Antisemitism and the Left

    2 Marx’s defence of Jewish emancipation and critique of the Jewish question The Jew … must cease to be a Jew if he will not allow himself to be hindered by his law from fulfilling his duties to the State and his fellow-citizens. (Bruno Bauer, Die Judenfrage)1 The Jews (like the Christians) are fully politically emancipated in various states. Both Jews and Christians are far from being humanly emancipated. Hence there must be a difference between political and human emancipation. (Marx and Engels, The Holy Family)2 Capitalism has not only doomed the social function of the Jews; it has also doomed the Jews themselves. (Abram Leon, ‘Toward a Solution to the Jewish Question’)3 Within the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, the perspectives of Jewish eman- cipation and the Jewish question were synthesised to the extent that emancipation was justified in terms of solving the Jewish question. Within the French Revolu- tion, the inclusive face of universalism that was articulated in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was synthesised with the terror directed at those labelled ‘enemies of humanity’. In both the Enlightenment and the revolutionary tradition, however, there were alternative ways of thinking about Jewish emancipation that sought to break radically from the prejudicial assump- tions of the Jewish question. In the nineteenth century, the synthesis of Jewish emancipation and the Jewish question was to be torn apart. On the one hand, the Jewish question was set in opposition to Jewish emancipation; on the other hand, Jewish emancipation was justified independently of the Jewish question.4 The tensions contained in the eighteenth-century synthesis could no longer be held in check.
  • 'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To

    'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To

    ‘The Left’s Views on Israel: From the establishment of the Jewish state to the intifada’ Thesis submitted by June Edmunds for PhD examination at the London School of Economics and Political Science 1 UMI Number: U615796 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615796 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7377 POLITI 58^S8i ABSTRACT The British left has confronted a dilemma in forming its attitude towards Israel in the postwar period. The establishment of the Jewish state seemed to force people on the left to choose between competing nationalisms - Israeli, Arab and later, Palestinian. Over time, a number of key developments sharpened the dilemma. My central focus is the evolution of thinking about Israel and the Middle East in the British Labour Party. I examine four critical periods: the creation of Israel in 1948; the Suez war in 1956; the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and the 1980s, covering mainly the Israeli invasion of Lebanon but also the intifada. In each case, entrenched attitudes were called into question and longer-term shifts were triggered in the aftermath.
  • On the Jewish Question” (1843)

    On the Jewish Question” (1843)

    KARL MARX, “On the Jewish Question” (1843) In: The Marx-Engels Reader. Edited by Robert Tucker, New York: Norton & Company, 1978. p. 26 - 46. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The German Jews seek emancipation. What kind of emancipation do they want? Civic, political emancipation. Bruno Bauer replies to them: In Germany no one is politically emancipated. We ourselves are not free. How then could we liberate you? You Jews are egoists if you demand for yourselves, as Jews, a special emancipation. You should work, as Germans, for the political emancipation of Germany, and as men, for the emancipation of mankind. You should feel the particular kind of oppression and shame which you suffer, not as an exception to the rule but rather as a confirmation of the rule. Or do the Jews want to be placed on a footing of equality with the Christian subjects? If they recognize the Christian state as legally established they also recognize the regime of general enslave- [27] ment. Why should their particular yoke be irksome when they accept the general yoke? Why should the German be interested in liberation of the Jew, if the Jew is not interested in the liberation of the German? The Christian state recognizes nothing but privileges. The Jew himself, in this state, has the privilege of being a Jew. As a Jew he possesses rights which the Christians do not have. Why does he want rights which he does not have but which the Christians enjoy? In demanding his emancipation from the Christian state he asks the Christian state to abandon its religious prejudice.
  • An End to Antisemitism!

    An End to Antisemitism!

    Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches
  • Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!

    Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!

    Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches
  • Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly

    Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly

    Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly Sixty -ninth 2014 Mr. Sam Kahamba Kutesa (Pres i- Uganda dent-elect) Sixty -eighth 2013 Mr. John W. Ashe Antigua and Barbuda Sixty -seventh 2012 Mr. Vuk Jeremić Serbia Sixty -sixth 2011 Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al -Nasser Qatar Sixty -fifth 2010 Mr. Joseph Deiss Switzerland Sixty -fourth 2009 Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2009 Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann Nicaragua Sixty -third 2008 Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann Nicaragua Sixty -second 2007 Dr. Srgjan Kerim The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Tenth emergency special (resumed twice) 2006 Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifa Bahrain Sixty -first 2006 Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifa Bahrain Sixtieth 2005 Mr. Jan Eliasson Sweden Twenty -eighth special 2005 Mr. Jean Ping Gabon Fifty -ninth 2004 Mr. Jean Ping Gabon Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2004 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia (resumed twice) 2003 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia Fifty -eighth 2003 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia Fifty -seventh 2002 Mr. Jan Kavan Czech Republic Twenty -seventh special 2002 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Tenth emergency special (resumed twice) 2002 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea (resumed) 2001 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Fifty -sixth 2001 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Twenty -sixth special 2001 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Twenty -fifth special 2001 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2000 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Fifty -fifth 2000 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Twenty -fourth special 2000 Mr. Theo -Ben Gurirab Namibia Twenty -third special 2000 Mr.
  • Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution Introduction In his poem, The Second Coming (1919), William Butler Yeats captured the moment we are now experiencing: Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. As we see the deterioration of the institutions created and fostered after the Second World War to create a climate in which peace and prosperity could flourish in Europe and beyond, it is important to understand the role played by diplomacy in securing the stability and strengthening the shared values of freedom and democracy that have marked this era for the nations of the world. It is most instructive to read the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy, in which he encouraged Americans not only to do good things for their own country, but to do good things in the world. The creation of the Peace Corps is an example of the kind of spirit that put young American volunteers into some of the poorest nations in an effort to improve the standard of living for people around the globe. We knew we were leaders; we knew that we had many political and economic and social advantages. There was an impetus to share this wealth. Generosity, not greed, was the motivation of that generation. Of course, this did not begin with Kennedy. It was preceded by the Marshall Plan, one of the only times in history that the conqueror decided to rebuild the country of the vanquished foe.