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Neutrality in Afghanistan's Foreign Policy
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Nasir A. Andisha This report briefly examines the historical aspects of Afghanistan’s neutrality as an initial step toward a more comprehensive study of desirability and feasibility of neutrality- based diplomatic solutions for conflict in Afghanistan. The research and discussions conducted for the study were Neutrality in Afghanistan’s supported by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). The author also thanks the management of Afghanistan Centre at Kabul University for their kind and invaluable assistance. Foreign Policy ABOUT THE AUTHOR Nasir A. Andisha is a visiting fellow at the School of International, Political & Strategic Studies at the Australian Summary National University (ANU) in Canberra and a candidate for a doctoral degree in diplomatic studies at the ANU Asia-Pacific • The planned withdrawal of U.S. combat troops by the end of 2016 and a declining interna- College of Diplomacy. A senior career Afghan diplomat, Andisha tional engagement leave Afghanistan once again vulnerable to increasing competition from was a Fulbright fellow at the Bush School of Government neighboring and regional states for strategic influence in the country. in Texas A&M University and taught International Relations and Economics at the Al-Berony University in Kapisa and the • Given Afghanistan’s geographic location and historical neutral status, experts have argued Foreign Ministry ’s Institute of Diplomacy in Kabul. that an internationally guaranteed neutrality offers a least-worst but workable long-term solution to the problem of proxy conflict in the country. -
Abhandlungen
ABHANDLUNGEN Dissenting and Individual Opinions in the International Court of justice) Edvard Hambro I. The question of dissent within courts of justice consisting of more than a single judge is difficult and complicated. It has been given different solu- tions in various countries and throughout history. The solution given to the problem in international courts has also differed widely, and it cannot be said that there is unanimity on the point even today. The question is also to some extent rather peculiar because it would seem that individual judges through their dissents have contributed greatly to the development of municipal law 2) whereas this would not seem to be the case in the International Court 3). One coptributing reason for this is undoubtedly the rarity of international awards. Whereas national judgments in each individual country can be counted by the hundreds every year, international awards can generally be 1) For literature see particularly Manley 0. H u d son, International Tribunals, Past and Future, Washington D.C. 1944 p. 111 ff. and The Permanent Court of Inter- national Justice, 1920-1942, New York 1943, p. 205 and 588; Heinrich L a m m a s c h, Die Rechtskraft Internationaler SchiedssprUche, Kristiania 1913 p. 77 ff., A. Merignhac, Traite th6orique et pratique de I'Arbitrage international, Paris 1895, p. 273 ff.; Graf S t a u f f e n b e r g, Statut et Reglement de la Cour Permanente de justice Internationale, Berlin 1934, p. 410 ff.; J. L. T o f f i n, La Dissidence la Cour Permanente de justice Internationale, Paris 1937 and J. -
Cronologia Da Política Externa Do Governo Lula (2003 – 2006)
CRONOLOGIA DA POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO GOVERNO LULA (2003 – 2006) Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Embaixador Celso Amorim Secretário-Geral Embaixador Samuel Pinheiro Guimarães FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Jeronimo Moscardo SECRETARIA DE PLANEJAMENTO DIPLOMÁTICO Eugênio Vargas Garcia Patricia Wagner Chiarello Bruno de Lacerda Carrilho Camilo Licks Rostand Prates Henri Yves Pinal Carrières TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS Ministério das Relações Exteriores Secretaria de Planejamento Diplomático Esplanada dos Ministérios Palácio Itamaraty, 2 º andar Brasília - DF CEP 70170-900 Telefones: (5561) 3441-6105/6106/8029 Fax: (5561) 3411-6993 E-mail: [email protected] MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES SECRETARIA DE PLANEJAMENTO DIPLOMÁTICO FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE G USMÃO CRONOLOGIA DA POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO GOVERNO LULA (2003 – 2006) BRASÍLIA, 2007 Direitos de publicação reservados à Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão (Funag) Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170-900 Brasília – DF Telefones: (61) 3411 6033/6034/6847/6028 Fax: (61) 3411 9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E-mail: [email protected] Equipe Técnica Coordenação: ELIANE MIRANDA PAIVA Assistente de Coordenação e Produção: ARAPUÃ DE SOUZA BRITO Programação Visual e Diagramação: PAULO PEDERSOLLI Impresso no Brasil 2007 Brasil. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Secretaria de Planejamento Diplomático p. 164 ISBN 85-7631-071-6 1. Brasil – Relações exteriores – 2003-2006. 2. Brasil – História. 3. Brasil. Presidente (2003-2006 : L.I.L. da Silva). I. Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão. II. Título. CDU 327(81) Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme Decreto n° 1.825 de 20.12.1907 NOTA O presente volume reúne os principais fatos relativos à diplomacia brasileira no primeiro Governo do Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, entre 1o de janeiro de 2003 e 31 de dezembro de 2006. -
Asamblea General Distr
Naciones Unidas A/59/100 Asamblea General Distr. general 15 de junio de 2004 Español Original: inglés Quincuagésimo noveno período de sesiones Lista preliminar anotada de temas que se incluirán en el programa provisional del quincuagésimo noveno período ordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General* Índice Página I. Introducción ................................................................. 15 II. Lista anotada ................................................................ 16 1. Apertura del período de sesiones por el Presidente de la Asamblea General1 ........ 16 2. Minuto de silencio dedicado a la oración o a la meditación ....................... 16 3. Credenciales de los representantes en el quincuagésimo noveno período de sesiones de la Asamblea General ................................................... 16 a) Nombramiento de los miembros de la Comisión de Verificación de Poderes..... 16 b) Informe de la Comisión de Verificación de Poderes2 ........................ 16 4. Elección del Presidente de la Asamblea General3............................... 17 5. Elección de las Mesas de las Comisiones Principales3 ........................... 18 6. Elección de los Vicepresidentes de la Asamblea General3 ........................ 20 7. Notificación hecha por el Secretario General en virtud del párrafo 2 del Artículo 12 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas .......................................... 21 8. Organización de los trabajos, aprobación del programa y asignación de temas: informes de la Mesa ...................................................... 22 __________________ * La lista preliminar no anotada se publicó el 9 de febrero de 2004 (A/59/50) y el 19 de febrero de 2004 se publicó una corrección (A/59/50/Corr.1). 1 El texto del artículo 31, en su forma enmendada, figura en la resolución 56/509, de 8 de julio de 2002. 2 Este tema sigue figurando también en el programa del quincuagésimo octavo período de sesiones (decisión 58/565, de 23 de diciembre de 2003). -
Presidential Files; Folder: 7/19/77; Container 32
7/19/77 Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential Files; Folder: 7/19/77; Container 32 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff_Secretary.pdf WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES) FORM OF CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE DATE RESTRICTION DOCUMENT memo From Bob Thomson to The President (2 pp.) re: 7/15/77 c Nomination of Don Tucker to the CAB/ enclosed in Hutcheson to Moore 7/19/77 -. " - .• FILE LOCATION Carter Presidential Papers- Staff Offices,. Office of the Staff Sec.- Presidential Handwriting File 7/19/77 Box ~ RESTRICTION CODES (A) Closed by Executive Order 12356'governing access to national security information. (B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document. (C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION. NA FORM 1429 (6-85) ~l'IIE PRESIDENT'S SCHEDULE Tuesday ~ July 19, 1977 . 7:15 Dr. Zbignicw Brzezinski - Oval Office. 7:45 Mr. Frank Moore - The Oval Office. 8:00 Breakfast with Senate Group. (Mr. Frank Moore). ( 6 0 min.) The Roosevelt Room. 9:15 Senator Daniel Moynihan. (Mr. Frank Moore). (15 min.) The Oval Office. 10:00 Hr. Jody Pmvell The Oval Office. 10:30 Arrival Ceremony for.His Excellency The Prime ' Minister of Israel and Mri. Menahe~ Begin. The South Grounds. 11:00 Meeting with Prime Minist~r Menahem Begin. (90 min.) (Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski) - Oval Office and Cabinet Room. 1:30 Vice President lval ter F. Mondale, Admiral (20 min.) Stansfield Turner, a~d Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Oval Office. -
Best Copy Available J "I \ I
Document Symbol: A/2437 Best copy available j "i \ I UNiTED NA1'IONS REPORT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Covering the period from 16 July 1952 to 15 July 1953 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: EIGHTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 2 (A/2437) NEW YORK, 1953 UNITED NATIONS REPORT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO THE GENERAL ASSEl\fBLY Covering the period from 16 July 1952 to 15 July 1953 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: EIGHTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 2 (A/2437) New York, 1953 NOTE All United Nations documents are designated by symbols, i.e., capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United :0T ations document. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION V PART I Questions considered by the Security Council under its responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security C!z(l.pter 1. THE INDIA-PAKISTAN QUESTION 1 PART n Other matters considered by the Security Council 2. ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS 12 3. ApPOINTMENT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL .. 24 PART III The Military Staff Committee 4. \VORK OF THE MILITARY STAFF COMMITTEE. ........................... 26 PART IV Matters brought to the attention of the Security Council but not discussed in the COUlwiI 5. COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO THE PALESTINE QUESTION. ............... 27 6. CO:\IMUNICATIONS RELATING TO THE KOREAN QUESTION . .. 28 7. COMPLAINT OF FAILURE BY THE IRANIAN GOVERNMENT TO COMPLY WITH PROVISIONAL MEASURES INDICATED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE ANGLO-IRANIAN OIL COMPANY CASE 28 8. REPORT ON THE TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. ............ 28 9. A REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE BRITISH-UNITED STATES ZONE OF THE FREE TERRITORY OF TRIESTE 29 10. -
UN. Reform: Discussed Yet Still Unrealized Published on Iitaly.Org (
UN. Reform: Discussed Yet Still Unrealized Published on iItaly.org (http://108.61.128.93) UN. Reform: Discussed Yet Still Unrealized Letizia Airos (September 27, 2011) New York. Conversation with Vincenzo Scotti, undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the sidelines of the symposium, “Two Mediterranean Statesmen at the Helm of the UN: Amintore Fanfani and Guido de Marco” at NYU. We speak with him about the United Nations of today and yesterday, cities in the context of an integration process, the centrality of Italy’s parliament, and other topics ITALIAN VERSION >> [2] In New York, as it has been for years, the General Assembly of the United Nations begins its first session. We met on the covered terrace in one of the many hotels that rise on the east side of Manhattan. Art Deco blends with modern New York City and the relaxed pace of Sunday brunch of mixes with the feeling of a vibrant city that is in perpetual motion. This is all in spite of the economic Page 1 of 5 UN. Reform: Discussed Yet Still Unrealized Published on iItaly.org (http://108.61.128.93) crisis that renews fears and uncertainty here and throughout the world. Speaking with the Hon. Vincenzo Scotti, undersecretary of Italy’s Foreign Affairs, a man who has dedicated his life to politics, is like opening a book on the history of Italy and, in this case, its foreign policy. If you manage to corner him for a while, it is impossible to resist the urge to ask him about entire chapters of this book. -
Spring Festival of Conflict Transformation Programme 2017 Welcome the Senator George from the Director J
THE SENATOR GEORGE J. MITCHELL INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL PEACE, SECURITY AND JUSTICE SPRING FESTIVAL OF CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME 2017 WELCOME THE SENATOR GEORGE FROM THE DIRECTOR J. MITCHELL INSTITUTE Welcome to the Senator George J. Mitchell our events this year focuses on diversity and FOR GLOBAL PEACE, Institute’s Spring Festival of events in Conflict the tensions between social inclusion and Transformation which is now in its fifth year and exclusion in a world that seems increasingly SECURITY AND JUSTICE is continuing to grow. to veer towards the latter. As our screening of a documentary on young people of diverse This year’s programme includes a combination ethnic backgrounds in post-conflict Balkans of politics, art, literature, film and documentary puts it, ‘Will you say hi to me on the bus?’ in formats ranging from debate and panel Meanwhile, our examination of Muslim and discussion to public lecture, conversation Loyalist accounts of World War One shows how and workshop. The Festival has never been exploration of ‘forgotten’ pasts can sometimes The Institute is delighted to have President averse to including challenging topics and reveal ‘undiscovered’ contexts of shared Halonen deliver the fifth Harri Holkeri Lecture this year is no exception. But perhaps more belonging. entitled, ‘Reflections on Women and Peace- than ever before we invite debate around a building’. series of timely, topical and testing issues. As in previous years our Festival draws Why do ordinary people kill? Does terrorism inspiration from the goals -
Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance
Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs June 5, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21922 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance Summary The central government’s limited writ and widespread official corruption are helping sustain a Taliban insurgency, and have fed pessimism about the Afghanistan stabilization effort. However, ethnic disputes remain confined largely to political debate and competition, enabling President Hamid Karzai to focus on trying to build Afghan institutions, and on his bid for re-election in presidential elections slated for August 20, 2009. Karzai has faced substantial loss of public confidence, in large part due to widespread official corruption, but his opponents—divided by ethnicity and personal ambition—were unable to form a strong electoral coalition as the presidential election registration process closed on May 8, 2009. At the same time, U.S. officials have been shifting away from reliance on building the central government and toward promoting local governing bodies and security initiatives. That trend is to accelerate, according to the Obama Administration’s review of U.S. strategy, the results of which were announced on March 27, 2009. The core of the new strategy is a so-called “civilian surge” that will virtually double, to about 900, the number of U.S. civilian personnel to deploy to Afghanistan to help build its governing and security institution, and to increase economic development efforts. The Administration also says it will develop “metrics” by which to judge the performance and legitimacy of the Afghan government, including its efforts to curb official corruption, although the Administration and many in Congress appear reluctant to tie any U.S. -
UNA Executives Review Finances, Discuss Mergers U.S. Secretary Of
INSIDE:• Ukraine’s Foreign Ministry reacts to Russian Duma resolution — page 2. • Memorial concert to mark Chornobyl anniversary in Toronto — page 8. • Lviv’s Les Kurbas Theater in Metropolitan New York area — page 9. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXIV HE No.KRAINIAN 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 24, 1996 EEKLY$1.25/$2 in Ukraine RussianT Duma UU.S. secretary of state denouncesW Duma resolution negates decision by Marta Kolomayets Kyiv Press Bureau dissolving USSR KYIV – In yet another reaffirmation of the growing relationship between the United States and Ukraine, Secretary of by Marta Kolomayets State Warren Christopher arrived in Kyiv Kyiv Press Bureau on March 19 for a six-hour visit to meet KYIV – The Russian Duma – the with top government officials – includ- lower house of that country’s Parliament ing President Leonid Kuchma, Prime – adopted a resolution on March 15 Minister Yevhen Marchuk, Foreign reversing a Soviet legislative decision Minister Hennadiy Udovenko and made in December 1991 that renounced Parliament Chairman Oleksander Moroz. the 1922 treaty forming the Soviet Union. Mr. Christopher denounced the Russian In effect, this resolution denounces the Duma for its March 15 vote on reconstitut- Belaya Vezha pact of December 1991, ing the Soviet Union, calling it “highly and calls for the rebirth of the USSR – an irresponsible.” He was to travel to action that sent alarming signals through- Moscow on March 21 following a visit to out the former Soviet republics, includ- Prague where he addressed Central and ing Ukraine. East European foreign ministers. -
United Nations GENERAL ASSEMBLY
United Nations 118th GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Wednesday, II May 1983, at 3.30 p.m. THIRTY-SEVENTH SESSION United Nations Official Records • 118th NEW YORK GENERAL President: Mr. Imre HOLLAI (Hungary). 6. SincePLENARY1974, CyprusMEETINGhas experienced neither in ternal cohesion nor internal peace and security. None ASSEMBLY of the Wednesday,efforts designed// Mayto resolve/983, the issues has been 3.30 THIRTY-SEVENTH SESSION crowned with success.at Thisp.m.lack of progress has been AGENDA ITEM 37 aH the more disturbing since we fervently believed in Official Records ~97~, as.did m~ny NEWothers YORKassembled in this body, that Question of Cyprus: report of the Secretary-General an mtenm penod should be accorded to the inter President: Mr. Imre HOLLAI (Hungary).(continued) 6. Since 1974, Cypruslocutorshas experiencedin which to negotiateneither inthe peaceful resolution ternal cohesion nor internalof the peaceCyprusandquestion.security.DuringNone that interim period, I. Mr. M'TESA (Zambia): Mr. President,of the effortsmy deledesignedconsiderationto resolve theofissuesthe questionhas beenof Cyprus was deferred gation is gratified to see you continuingcrownedtowithpresidesuccess.atThisthe lackthirty-fifthof progressandhasthirty-sixthbeen sessions of the AGENDAover thisITEMresumed37 session of the Generalall the moreAssemblydisturbingGeneralsince weAssembly.ferventlyBut,believedunfortunately,in the optimism with renewed dedication and commitment~97~, toasthe.didsearchm~ny other.sassociatedassembledwithinthethisbeliefbody,inthata successful negotiation Question of Cyprus: forreportsolutionsof the Secretary-Generalto the issues before us.anWeIDtenmextendpenodour shouldduringbethataccordedinterimto periodthe interdid not generate any (continued)heartiest congratulations to you onlocutorsyour illustriousin which to negotiateprogress.theThispeacefullack ofresolutionprogress has created the need leadership and renew our pledge toofco-operatethe Cypruswithquestion.to seekDuringoncethatagaininterimthe period,avenue of the General As 1. -
Afghan Student New-S
Afghan Student New-s SEATTLE, WASHINGTON FEBRUARY-MAt cH 1965 Shamal Addresses Middle East Students Pazhwak Sends Inspiring Message to Young People Attending 11th ASA Meet Among the chief speakers invited to attend the 11th Annual Convention of the Associated Students of Afghanis- , tan in the United States was H. E. Abdul Rahman Pazhwak, Extra-ordi nary Representative and Ambassador of Afghanistan to the United Na tions. Although His Excellency was extremely interested in being present and addressing the Convention, a pre vious official engagement prevented him from doing so. Afghan Student News, therefore, takes this opportunity to present Mr. Pazhwak's message to the Convention. In sending this message I am reminded of the last annual convention of the Af ghan Students Association of America Mr. Shamal, representing the Associated Students of Afghanistan, addresses the meeting when I had the great pleasure of being of the Middle East Student Associations at Middle East House in Washington, D.C. able to be with you in Williamsburg. I Flanking Mr. Shamal are members of the Executive Committee fl/ the Pakistan wish to take this opportunity to thank Student Association and the Organization of Arab Students in the your President, Mr. Haffizullah Amin, for United States. (Cont. on Page 2) More American Wheat Afghanistan's Creeping Democracy Shipped to Homeland by A. Latif Hotaki Some 22,000 tons of American wheat reached Peshawar and Chaman Ask any "expert" on Afghan affairs about democracy in Afghanistan and the first of this year, according to a he would "expertly" enlighten you by a qualifying statement such as this, report in Kabul News.