HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES EDITOR Lubomyr Hajda, Harvard University EDITORIAL BOARD Michael S. Flier, George G. Grabowicz, Edward L. Keenan, and Roman Szporluk, Harvard University; Frank E. Sysyn, University of Alberta FOUNDING EDITORS Omeljan Pritsak and Ihor Sevcenko, Harvard University BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Larry Wolff EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Daría Yurchuk DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS Robert A. DeLossa ADVISORY BOARD Zvi Ankori, Tel Aviv University—John A. Armstrong, University of Wisconsin—Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delaware—Bohdan R. Bociurkiw, Carleton University, Ottawa—Axinia Djurova, University of Sofia—Olexa Horbatsch, University of Frankfurt—Halil inalcık, University of Chi- cago—Jaroslav D. Isajevych, Institute of Ukrainian Studies, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, L'viv— Edward Kasinec, New York Public Library—Magdalena László-Kujiuk, University of Bucharest— Walter Leitsch, University of Vienna—L. R. Lewitter, Cambridge University—G. Luciani, University of Bordeaux—George S. N. Luckyj, University of Toronto—M. Łesiów, Marie Curie-Sktodowska University, Lublin—Paul R. Magocsi, University of Toronto—Dimitri Obolensky, Oxford Univer- sity—RiccardoPicchio, Yale University—MarcRaeff, Columbia University—HansRothe, University of Bonn—Bohdan Rubchak, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle—Władysław A. Serczyk, University of Warsaw at Białystok—George Y. Shevelov, Columbia University—Günther Stökl, University of Cologne—A. de Vincenz, University of Göttingen—Vaclav Żidlicky, Charles Univer- sity, Prague. COMMITTEE ON UKRAINIAN STUDIES, Harvard University Stanisław Barańczak Patricia Chaput Timothy Colton Michael S. Flier George G. Grabowicz Edward L. Keenan Jeffrey D. Sachs Roman Szporluk (Chairman) Subscription rates per volume (two double issues) are $28.00 U.S. in the United States and Canada, $32.00 in other countries. The price of one double issue is $ 18.00 ($20.00 overseas). Correspondence should be addressed to HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES, Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University, 1583 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2801, U.S.A. Telephone: 617-495-4053; fax. 617-495-8097. E-mail correspondence: [email protected]. Internet: www.sabre.org/huri. HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume XX (1996) Special Issue UKRAINE IN THE WORLD Studies in the International Relations and Security Structure of a Newly Independent State Edited by Lubomyr A. Hajda Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Publication of this volume has been made possible by a generous grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation. The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. Copyright 1998, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved ISSN 0363-5570 Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Printed in the U.S.A.. Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. CONTENTS About the Contributors viii Map. Ukraine: Oblasts and Cities with Population over 200,000 xii Preface. LubomyrA. Hajda xiii Introduction 1 1. Ukraine's Critical Role in the Post-Soviet Space. Zbigniew Brzeziński З 2. Ukraine in the World. Borys Tarasyuk 9 Part I: Ukraine's External Relations 17 Ukraine and Its Neighbors 3. Ukraine, Russia, and the CIS. Roman Solchanyk 19 4. Ukraine and East Central Europe. Stephen R. Burant 45 5. Ukraine, Turkey, and the Black Sea Region. Duygu Bazoglu Sezer 79 Building Bridges to the West 6. U.S.-Ukrainian Relations: Past, Present, and Future. Sherman Garnett 103 7. Canadian-Ukrainian Relations: Articulating the Canadian Interest. Bohdan S. Kordan 125 8. Ukraine and Western Europe. Olga Alexandrova 145 New Horizons in the East and South 9. Ukraine and the Middle East. Oies M. Smolansky 171 10. Ukraine and Asia: Diplomacy and Prospects in the Contemporary World. Jiang Changbin 191 11. Ukraine and the Southern Hemisphere. Taras Kuzio 211 Part II: National and Regional Security 221 12. Ukraine's Armed Forces and Military Policy. John Jaworsky 223 13. Ukraine's Place in European and Regional Security. F. Stephen Larrabee 249 14. The Denuclearization of Ukraine: Consolidating Ukrainian Security. Nadia Schadlow 271 Supporting Documentation 289 A. Treaty between the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (19 November 1990) 291 B. Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (8 December 1991) 297 C. Reservations of the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (8 December 1991) 302 D. Treaty between the Polish Republic and Ukraine on Good-Neighborliness, Friendly Relations, and Cooperation ( 18 May 1992) 305 E. Trilateral Statement by the Presidents of the United States, Russia, Ukraine (14 January 1994) 313 F. Joint Declaration of the Presidents of the Polish Republic and Ukraine on Understanding and Unity (21 May 1997) 317 G. Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation (31 May 1997) 319 H. Treaty on Relations of Good-Neighborliness and Cooperation between Ukraine and Romania (2 June 1997) 330 I. Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Ukraine (9 July 1997) 340 Index 347 Dedicated to the memory of Zenovia Sochor Parry ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Olga Alexandrova is Senior Research Fellow at the Federal Institute for Rus- sian, East European and International Studies in Köln, Germany. Previously, she held a fellowship with the International Fellowship Programme for Ad- vanced Soviet and East European Studies at the same institute. Dr. Alexandrova's recent publications include "Niemcy-Polska-Ukraina-Rosja: dylematy wschodnioeuropejskich stosunków"; "Russia as a Factor in Ukrai- nian Security Concepts"; "Die Ukraine in Ostmitteleuropa: Bindeglied zwischen Ost und West?"; and, "Rußland und sein 'nahes Ausland': Integrationsvorstellungen und Ansätze der russischen Integrationspolitik." She received her Doctorate in History from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Zbigniew Brzeziński is Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC. From 1977 to 1981 he was the National Security Advisor to the President of the Un- ited States. In 1981 Dr. Brzeziński was awarded the Presidential Medal of Free- dom for his contributions to the human rights and national security policies of the United States. He sits on the boards of numerous public sector foundations and is the president of Z.B., Inc., an international advisory firm. His numerous books include The Soviet Bloc: Unity and Conflict (1961; rev. ed. 1967); Power and Principle: The Memoirs of the National Security Advisor (1983; rev. ed. 1985); the bestselling The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the 20th Century (1990); and Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st Century (1993). His most recent book is The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (1997). He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University and has also taught at Harvard and Columbia Universities. Stephen R. Burant is the Editor of The Secretary's Morning Intelligence Re- port for the U.S. Department of State. Previously he was Managing and Associ- ate Editor of Problems of Communism and a Senior Research Analyst at the Library of Congress. Dr. Burant received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His numerous publications include East Germany: A Country Study (1988; editor); Hungary: A Country Study (1990; editor); "Belarus and 'Belarusian Irredenta' in Lithuania"; "Lithuania's Place in Poland's Foreign Policy"; "Foreign Policy and National Identity: A Compari- son of Ukraine and Belarus"; and "International Relations in a Regional Con- text: Poland and its Eastern Neighbors—Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine." Sherman Garnett is Senior Associate for Russia, Ukraine, and Poland at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He has worked for the U.S. Cen- tral Intelligence Agency and has held many positions within the U.S. Depart- ment of Defense. He has been assistant for multilateral negotiations on chemical and biological weapons control and representative to the Second Re- view Conference on the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention. He was also Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) representative to the U.S. del- egations for U.S.-Soviet talks on chemical weapons arms control and nonpro- liferation, was acting deputy director for multilateral negotiations, and was ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS ix OSD representative on the U.S. delegation at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the negotiations on Conventional Armed Forces in Eu- rope, and the negotiations on Confidence and Security Building Measures. His many publications include The Keystone in the Arch: Ukraine and the Emerg- ing Security Environment of Eastern and Central Europe (1997); "Russian Power in the New Eurasia"; "Two's Company, Three's a Crowd? (US-Russian Participation in Establishing Stability in Ukraine)"; and, "Poland: Bulwark or Bridge?" Dr. Garnett received his Ph.D. in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Michigan. Lubomyr Hajda is Associate Director of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Insti- tute and Editor of Harvard Ukrainian Studies. He has