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The Valery Gerasimov Doctrine *S
The Valery Gerasimov Doctrine *S. M. Azharul Islam Introduction The "Valery Gerasimov Doctrine" is named after the Russian Chief of the General Staff, General Valery Gerasimov. This doctrine consists of military, technological, informational, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and other concerned tactics to accomplish strategic goals. The principle puts more emphasis on the use of nonmilitary means to achieve the desired goals. However, this theory of modern warfare mentions that military standards are also crucial even in today's context. It has often been described as a distinct form of war, also termed Russia's version of hybrid warfare. This commentary will explain the notable "Valery Gerasimov Doctrine". The Valery Gerasimov Doctrine: A Brief Overview Army General Valery Gerasimov, the Chief of Russia's General Staff and First Deputy Defense Minister, published an article that made headlines. The article was titled "The Value of Science is in the Foresight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying out Combat Operations." This article proposed a new form of Russian warfare that blends conventional and unconventional warfare in a holistic approach to achieving strategic goals. Owing to the reaction of the Russian Federation to the crisis in Ukraine, this article gained traction in the professional and academic sphere. It is a part of the Russian Chief of the General Staff's duty to develop futuristic theories to prepare for warfare. The term 'foresight' has also been used in the title of the article to denote the process of transformation in the military sector to keep up with rapid future developments. Foresight has a direct link with the future of warfare in the Russian defence sphere. -
Getting Gerasimov Right Charles K
Getting Gerasimov Right Charles K. Bartles n 26 February 2013, chief of the Russian General Staff Gen. Valery Gerasimov published “The Value of Science Is in the OForesight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying out Combat Operations” in Voyenno-Promyshlennyy Kurier (VPK) (Military-Industrial Courier). In this article, Gerasimov lays out his perspective—and the prevalent view in (Photo courtesy of the Press Service of the Russian Defense Ministry) Russian security circles—of the recent past, present, Chief of the Russian General Staff Gen. Valery Gerasimov and expected future of warfare. This article was pub- lished about a year before the Maidan protests that set in motion the events leading to the eventual annex- Staff has far more authority than any flag grade officer ation of Crimea and Russian-sponsored insurrection in the U.S. military. He is responsible for long-term in eastern Ukraine.1 The chain of events that followed planning duties equivalent to both the U.S. Office the Maidan protests could in no way be foreseen by of the Secretary of Defense and the unified com- Gerasimov, but his article is often cited in the West batant commanders. In addition, he has oversight as “Gerasimov’s Doctrine” for the way Russian forces of strategic transportation equivalent to that of U.S. conducted its operations. Transportation Command, force doctrinal and capa- In this vein of Western thinking, Gerasimov’s ar- bilities development, and equipment procurement for ticle is often interpreted as proposing a new Russian all branches of the Ministry of Defense. He even has way of warfare that blends conventional and uncon- an inspector-general-like function for ensuring that ventional warfare with aspects of national power, General Staff standards and regulations are adhered to. -
Russia's Hybrid Warfare
Research Paper Research Division – NATO Defense College, Rome – No. 105 – November 2014 Russia’s Hybrid Warfare Waging War below the Radar of Traditional Collective Defence by H. Reisinger and A. Golts1 “You can’t modernize a large country with a small war” Karl Schlögel The Research Division (RD) of the NATO De- fense College provides NATO’s senior leaders with “Ukraine is not even a state!” Putin reportedly advised former US President sound and timely analyses and recommendations on current issues of particular concern for the Al- George W. Bush during the 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest. In 2014 this liance. Papers produced by the Research Division perception became reality. Russian behaviour during the current Ukraine convey NATO’s positions to the wider audience of the international strategic community and con- crisis was based on the traditional Russian idea of a “sphere of influence” and tribute to strengthening the Transatlantic Link. a special responsibility or, stated more bluntly, the “right to interfere” with The RD’s civil and military researchers come from countries in its “near abroad”. This perspective is also implied by the equally a variety of disciplines and interests covering a 2 broad spectrum of security-related issues. They misleading term “post-Soviet space.” The successor states of the Soviet conduct research on topics which are of interest to Union are sovereign countries that have developed differently and therefore the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. no longer have much in common. Some of them are members of the European Union and NATO, while others are desperately trying to achieve The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the this goal. -
Naftogaz of Ukraine 2014 Annual Report
NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE 2014 ANNUAL REPORT New Ukraine Europe New rules Market Transparency Naftogaz Reform Europe New Ukraine Europe New rules Naftogaz Market Europe New UkraineNew Transparency Reform Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine Market Naftogaz Europe New Ukraine Reform Transparency Naftogaz EuropeReform Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine New rules Transparency New rules Transparency New rules Europe Transparency New Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Europe Market Reform Reform Naftogaz Market Reform TransparencyNew rules Reform Europe New rules Market Reform Transparency New Ukraine Transparency Transparency Naftogaz New Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Reform NaftogazTransparency Market New rules Reform Europe Reform Naftogaz New rules Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine Transparency Market Transparency New rules Naftogaz Transparency Reform Europe New rules Market New Ukraine New Ukraine Transparency New rules New rules Market Market New Ukraine Europe Transparency Reform Europe New Ukraine New Ukraine Naftogaz Transparency New rules Reform New rules Naftogaz New rules New Ukraine Reform Market Europe New rules ReformNaftogaz Transparency Europe Reform Naftogaz Transparency Reform MarketNaftogaz Reform Naftogaz New rules Naftogaz New Ukraine Market Market Naftogaz Transparency Transparency Reform Europe Transparency New rules New rules New rules Reform New Ukraine Market Transparency New rules Naftogaz Market Europe Changing for the future Ukraine’s gas transmission Entry capacity: EUROPE’S LARGEST GAS MARKETS, 2014, bcm NAFTOGAZ AT A -
[email protected] Website: Crimeahrg.Org
e-mail: [email protected] website: crimeahrg.org CRIMEA: UKRAINIAN IDENTITY BANNED Analytical report on politically motivated persecution and discrimination on the ground of pro-Ukrainian opinion Kyiv February 2016 e-mail: [email protected] website: crimeahrg.org CRIMEA: UKRAINIAN IDENTITY BANNED Analytical report on politically motivated persecution and discrimination on the ground of pro-Ukrainian opinion Kyiv February 2016 Crimea: Ukrainian identity banned. Analytical report on politically motivated persecution and discrimination on the ground of pro-Ukrainian opinion. Editor: Olga Skrypnyk — Kyiv, 2016. — 40 pages. The Crimea Human Rights Group (CHRG) is the initiative of the Crimean human rights defenders and journalists, aimed at promoting the observance and protection of human rights in Crimea by attracting wide attention to problems of human rights and international human- itarian law in the territory of the Crimean peninsula, and the search for and development of mechanisms for the protection of human rights in Crimea. The activity of the CHRG is guided, first and foremost, by the rules of basic documents on human rights, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Helsinki Final Act, the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and others. The CHRG is guided by principles of objectivity, reliability and timeliness while preparing and spreading information. The CHRG’s team consists of experts, human rights activists and journalists from different countries who are involved in monitoring and documenting human rights violations in Crimea, since February, 2014. CHRG focuses on human rights violations in connection with the illegal actions of the Russian Federation in Crimea. -
International Crimes in Crimea
International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation SEPTEMBER 2016 Contents I. Introduction 6 A. Executive summary 6 B. The authors 7 C. Sources of information and methodology of documentation 7 II. Factual Background 8 A. A brief history of the Crimean Peninsula 8 B. Euromaidan 12 C. The invasion of Crimea 15 D. Two and a half years of occupation and the war in Donbas 23 III. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 27 IV. Contextual elements of international crimes 28 A. War crimes 28 B. Crimes against humanity 34 V. Willful killing, murder and enforced disappearances 38 A. Overview 38 B. The law 38 C. Summary of the evidence 39 D. Documented cases 41 E. Analysis 45 F. Conclusion 45 VI. Torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 46 A. Overview 46 B. The law 46 C. Summary of the evidence 47 D. Documented cases of torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 50 E. Analysis 59 F. Conclusion 59 VII. Illegal detention 60 A. Overview 60 B. The law 60 C. Summary of the evidence 62 D. Documented cases of illegal detention 66 E. Analysis 87 F. Conclusion 87 VIII. Forced displacement 88 A. Overview 88 B. The law 88 C. Summary of evidence 90 D. Analysis 93 E. Conclusion 93 IX. Crimes against public, private and cultural property 94 A. Overview 94 B. The law 94 C. Summary of evidence 96 D. Documented cases 99 E. Analysis 110 F. Conclusion 110 X. Persecution and collective punishment 111 A. Overview 111 B. -
CRIMEA: Religious Freedom Survey, March 2015
FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief 27 March 2015 CRIMEA: Religious freedom survey, March 2015 By Felix Corley, Forum 18 News Service One year after Russia's March 2014 annexation of Crimea, Forum 18 News Service notes that the forced imposition of Russian restrictions on religion has brought difficulties for those trying to exercise their right to freedom of religion or belief. Individuals and religious communities have faced raids, fines, religious literature seizures, government surveillance, expulsions of invited foreign religious leaders, unilateral cancellation of property rental contracts and obstructions to regaining places of worship confiscated in the Soviet period. Only one percent of communities which had state registration under Ukrainian law have succeeded in gaining the compulsory Russian re-registration. Members of a wide range of religious communities are highly cautious about discussing anything that could be interpreted as criticism of Russian rule for fear of possible reprisals. This includes a reluctance to discuss restrictions on freedom of religion or belief. One year after Russia's March 2014 annexation of the peninsula, Forum 18 News Service's religious freedom survey of Crimea notes that the forced imposition of Russian restrictions on religion has brought difficulties for those trying to exercise their right to freedom of religion or belief. Individuals and religious communities have faced raids, fines, religious literature seizures, government surveillance, expulsions of invited foreign religious leaders, unilateral cancellation of property rental contracts and obstructions to regaining places of worship confiscated in the Soviet period. -
The Unfinished War
#3 (85) March 2015 Can Ukraine survive the next Mobilization campaign: Reasons behind the sharp winter without Russian gas myths and reality devaluation of the hryvnia CRIMEA: THE UNFINISHED WAR WWW.UKRAINIANWEEK.COM Featuring selected content from The Economist FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION |CONTENTS BRIEFING The New Greece in the East:Without a much bigger, long- Branding the Emperor: term investment program, Ukraine’s economy will continue to New implications of Nadiya flounder Savchenko’s case for Vladimir Putin 31 Let Bygones be Bygones: Attempts to preserve the Russian 4 market for Ukrainian exporters by making concessions in EU- Leonidas Donskis on the murder Ukraine Association Agreement hurt Ukraine’s trade prospects of Boris Nemtsov 32 6 FOCUS SECURITY Kyiv – Crimea: the State of Fear of Mobilization: Uncertainty Myths and Reality Has Ukraine learned the An inside look at how lessons of occupation? the army is being formed 8 34 Maidan of Foreign Affairs’ NearestR ecruiting Station: Andrii Klymenko on Serhiy Halushko, Deputy Head Russia’s troops and nuclear of Information Technology weapons, population substitution and techniques to crush protest Department of the Ministry of Defense, talks about practical potential on the occupied peninsula aspects of the mobilization campaign 12 38 Freedom House Ex-President David Kramer on human rights SOCIETY abuses in Crimea, the threat of its militarization and President Catching Up With Obama’s reluctance in arming Ukraine the Future: Will 14 the IT industry drive economic POLITICS development -
The Annexation of Crimea and Attempts to Justify It in the Context of International Law
LITHUANIAN ANNUAL STRATEGIC REVIEW 2015-2016 Volume 14 11 Erika Leonaitė * Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University Dainius Žalimas** Faculty of Law, Vilnius University The Annexation of Crimea and Attempts to Justify It in the Context of International Law The article carries out an assessment of the “reunification of Crimea with Russia” from the point of view of contemporary international law and examines the arguments of Russian legal scholars who try to deny the annexation, i.e. the acquisition of territory by force. The assessment reveals recent changes in the interpretation of the principle of the self-determination of peoples in the Russian official position and legal doctrine, compared to the interpretation of this principle prevalent before the International Court of Justice adopted the Advisory Opinion on Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo. The analysis carried out in the article identifies the arguments and strategies that are employed in seeking to offer an -in terpretation of international legal norms that corresponds to the political interests of the Russian Federation. The examination reveals how new content is attached to international legal concepts in the works of Russian legal scholars who construct a position favourable to the Russian Federation, and in what way legal arguments are combined with statements and theoretical constructs that are irrelevant from the point of view of contemporary international law, thus deleting the boundaries between legal and non-legal reasoning and producing a pseudo-legal narrative that serves the po- litical interests of Russia. Introduction The annexation of part of the territory of Ukraine – namely, the Crime- an peninsula – was unexpected by both the international and academic com- munity. -
Indrastra.Com-Putin Visiting Crimea to Celebrate Crimean Accession To
Putin Visiting Crimea to Celebrate Crimean Accession to Russia indrastra.com/2019/03/Putin-Visit-to-Crimea-5th-Anniversary-Accession-005-03-2019-0045.html March 18, 2019 By IndraStra Global News Team Image Attribute: The file photo of Swallow's Nest, a decorative castle located at Gaspra, a small spa town between Yalta and Alupka, in the Crimean Peninsula (annexed by Russia in 2014) / Source: Pixabay.com On March 18, 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin is set to travel to Crimea and visit cities of Sevastopol and Simferopol to mark the fifth anniversary of of Crimea’s reunification with Russia - the day Ukraine’s Black Sea peninsula became part of Russia. The Kremlin's press service issued a statement on March 17, 2019; "On March 18, 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin will visit Crimea and Sevastopol" - marking five years since Crimea "rejoined" Russia. However, Kyiv and the West slammed the move as an "illegal" annexation, leading to sanctions against Russian individuals and entities. 1/4 During the visit, Putin will receive reports about the launch of the Balaklava and Tavria thermal power plants and participate in the unveiling ceremony of the Port electric substation in the city of Taman via videoconference. Both the power stations were at the center of an international scandal after German conglomerate Siemens said its power turbines had been installed there without its knowledge and in violation of EU sanctions banning the supply of energy technology to Crimea. In Moscow, city authorities are organizing a street festival a stone's throw from the Kremlin called "Crimean Spring" that hosts jazz concerts, cooking workshops, and a photography exhibition. -
Crimean Human Rights Situation Review
e-mail: [email protected] website: crimeahrg.org CRIMEAN HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION REVIEW April 2020 The monitoring review was prepared by the Crimean Human Rights Group on the basis of materials collected in April 2020 Follow the link to read Findings of monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic response in Crimea https://crimeahrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ covid_in_crimea_2020.04.27-05.03_en.pdf Follow the link, to read monthly monitoring Follow the link, to read thematic reviews and reviews of the Crimean Human Rights Group articles of the Crimean Human Rights Group Crimean Human Rights Situation Review April 2020 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 2 2. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS .................................................................................................. 3 Right to liberty and security of the person ................................................................................... 3 Searches and detentions ........................................................................................................... 3 Politically motivated criminal prosecution .................................................................................... 3 «Case of Crimean Muslims»...................................................................................................... 3 «Ukrainian saboteurs’ case» ..................................................................................................... -
Mare Nostrum Strategy: Russian Military Activity in the Black Sea
SPECIAL REPORT 03/21/2019 MARE NOSTRUM STRATEGY: RUSSIAN MILITARY ACTIVITY IN THE BLACK SEA Warsaw Institute MARE NOSTRUM STRATEGY: RUSSIAN MILITARY ACTIVITY IN THE BLACK SEA SOURCE: MIL.RU l Owing to its geographic location, Russia’s prerequisite to acquire and maintain the status of a superpower has long been to seize and retain control over two maritime „windows to the world.” This strategy was first mapped out by Peter the Great and led to multiple wars in the Baltic and Black Seas. l Russia has in the past focused on intensifying its activities in the south, as exemplified by the conflict with Ukraine and Moscow’s armed intervention in the Syrian civil war. Symbolically, this is illustrated by making the Black Sea city of Sochi Russia’s „summer capital” and a place where Vladimir Putin hosts world leaders and Kremlin officials. l The Black Sea is to become a platform from where Russia is able to exert influence on neighboring regions, including the Middle East, the Balkans and the Mediterranean countries. The Kremlin’s accom- plishments in the Black Sea region and friendly ties with the Turkish authorities successfully obstructed shipping Caspian hydrocarbon supplies to Europe. l Thanks to the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 and increased combat capabilities in the immediate vicinity of the peninsula, Russia finally managed to regain dominance across the Black Sea it had lost in 1991. For Russia, it is vital to exert full control over Crimea as it will permit the Kremlin to hold Kiev in check while extending field reconnaissance activities and firing capabilities to the vast area of the Black Sea.