A History of Modern Palestine
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Focuspoint International 866-340-8569 861 SW 78Th Avenue, Suite B200 [email protected] Plantation, FL 33324 SUMMARY NN02
INFOCUS QUARTERLY SUMMARY TERRORISM & CONFLICT, NATURAL DISASTERS AND CIVIL UNREST Q2 2021 FocusPoint International 866-340-8569 861 SW 78th Avenue, Suite B200 [email protected] Plantation, FL 33324 www.focuspointintl.com SUMMARY NN02 NATURAL DISASTERS Any event or force of nature that has cyclone, hurricane, tornado, tsunami, volcanic catastrophic consequences and causes eruption, or other similar natural events that give damage or the potential to cause a crisis to a rise to a crisis if noted and agreed by CAP customer. This includes an avalanche, FocusPoint. landslide, earth quake, flood, forest or bush fire, NUMBER OF INCIDENTS 32 3 3 118 20 9 Asia Pacific 118 Sub-Saharan Africa 20 Middle East and North Africa 3 Europe 32 Domestic United States and Canada 3 Latin America 9 MOST "SIGNIFICANT" EVENTS • Indonesia: Tropical Cyclone Seroja • Canada: Deaths in connection with • DRC: Mt. Nyiragongo eruption an ongoing heatwave • Algeria: Flash Floods • Panama: Floods/Landslides • Russia: Crimea and Krasnodar Krai flooding 03 TERRORISM / CONFLICT Terrorism means an act, including but not government(s), committed for political, limited to the use of force or violence and/or the religious, ideological or similar purposes threat thereof, of any person or group(s) of including the intention to influence any persons, whether acting alone or on behalf of or government and/or to put the public, or any in connection with any organization(s) or section of the public, in fear. NUMBER OF INCIDENTS 20 1 270 209 144 15 Asia Pacific 209 Sub-Saharan Africa 144 Middle East and North Africa 270 Europe 20 Domestic United States and Canada 1 Latin America 15 MOST "SIGNIFICANT" EVENTS • Taliban Attack on Ghazni • Tigray Market Airstrike • Solhan Massacre • Landmine Explosion 04 POLITICAL THREAT / CIVIL UNREST The threat of action designed to influence the purposes of this travel assistance plan, a government or an international governmental political threat is extended to mean civil threats organization or to intimidate the public, or a caused by riots, strikes, or civil commotion. -
History of Hatikvah, Israel's National Anthem This Video Dives Into the History of Israel’S Iconic National Anthem, Hatikvah
Educator’s Guide History of HaTikvah, Israel's National Anthem This video dives into the history of Israel’s iconic national anthem, HaTikvah. While some students may be familiar with these words, do they know their meaning, or the anthem’s complex backstory? Originally a nine-stanza poem, HaTikvah’s melody may have been lifted from an earlier Italian or Czech song. Today, HaTikvah both inspires and irritates. It is an aspirational anthem, which connects Jews around the world, and it also alienates others who do not connect to the themes. This episode begs the important question: What’s more important in a national anthem- that it include all of its citizens or that it embody the spirit upon which the country was founded and that it strives to maintain? Video: https://unpacked.education/video/history-of-israels-national-anthem-does-hatikvah-mean -hope-for-all/ Further Reading 1. Dr. James Loeffler, “How ‘Hatikvah’ (The Hope) Became Israel’s National Anthem” https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/hatikvah/ 2. Edwin Seroussi, “Hatikvah: Conceptions, Receptions and Reflections” http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/content/hatikvah-conceptions-receptions-and-reflection s 3. Ilan Ben Zion, “How an unwieldy romantic poem and a Romanian folk song combined to produce ‘Hatikva’” https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-an-unwieldy-romantic-poem-and-a-romanian-folk-son g-combined-to-produce-hatikva/ 4. Benjamin Kerstein, “‘Hatikvah’ Keeps its Edge, Despite Everything” http://www.thetower.org/article/hatikva-keeps-its-edge-despite-everything/ © 2019 Unpacked for Educators All Rights Reserved 1 5. Dr. Rafael Medoff, “‘Hatikvah’ in the Holocaust” http://www.jewishledger.com/2013/04/hatikvah-in-the-holocaust/ 6. -
Jews on Route to Palestine 1934-1944. Sketches from the History of Aliyah
JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 JAGIELLONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 1 Artur Patek JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 Sketches from the History of Aliyah Bet – Clandestine Jewish Immigration Jagiellonian University Press Th e publication of this volume was fi nanced by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow – Faculty of History REVIEWER Prof. Tomasz Gąsowski SERIES COVER LAYOUT Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Departure of Jews from Warsaw to Palestine, Railway Station, Warsaw 1937 [Courtesy of National Digital Archives (Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe) in Warsaw] Th is volume is an English version of a book originally published in Polish by the Avalon, publishing house in Krakow (Żydzi w drodze do Palestyny 1934–1944. Szkice z dziejów alji bet, nielegalnej imigracji żydowskiej, Krakow 2009) Translated from the Polish by Guy Russel Torr and Timothy Williams © Copyright by Artur Patek & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Krakow 2012 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereaft er invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3390-6 ISSN 2299-758X www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offi ces: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Krakow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Th e most important abbreviations and acronyms ........................................ -
Israel's National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
Leap of Faith: Israel’s National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict Middle East Report N°147 | 21 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Religious Zionism: From Ascendance to Fragmentation ................................................ 5 A. 1973: A Turning Point ................................................................................................ 5 B. 1980s and 1990s: Polarisation ................................................................................... 7 C. The Gaza Disengagement and its Aftermath ............................................................. 11 III. Settling the Land .............................................................................................................. 14 A. Bargaining with the State: The Kookists ................................................................... 15 B. Defying the State: The Hilltop Youth ........................................................................ 17 IV. From the Hills to the State .............................................................................................. -
A Realpolitik Reassessment
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 178 From Camp David to Oslo: A Realpolitik Reassessment Sep 17, 1998 Brief Analysis he peace process has, in practice, meant Israel's acceptance by the Arab world. This process, however, is not T irreversible. It is mainly a function of Israel's military, economic, and strategic strength and the Arab recognition of structural weakness. Only as long as current conditions hold, the peace process will continue. The American role in the peace process is important yet should not be overstated. Much has occurred without the involvement of the United States. The Oslo Accord, which occurred without American knowledge of the negotiations, is a primary example. The peace treaty between Jordan and Israel also did not have much input from the United States. To be sure, a change in U.S. policy toward increased isolationism could significantly threaten the peace process. Realpolitik Reasons for the Peace Process. The root cause for the peace process has been several realist considerations: Reaction to past conflict. Failed attempts to eliminate Israel by military means have forced the Arab world, however reluctantly, to accept Israel. The use of force has proven too difficult and too costly in dealing with Israel. In addition, Arab recognition of Israel's nuclear capabilities has reinforced the notion that Israel is militarily strong and cannot be easily removed from the map. Weariness toward war has also forced the countries of the region to redefine their national goals. Populations have grown tired of protracted conflict. This has led to a willingness to discuss the possibility of peace by all nations in the region. -
Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs Between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948
[Intelligence Service (Arab Section)] June 30, 1948 Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948 Contents 1. General introduction. 2. Basic figures on Arab migration 3. National phases of evacuation and migration 4. Causes of Arab migration 5. Arab migration trajectories and absorption issues Annexes 1. Regional reviews analyzing migration issues in each area [Missing from document] 2. Charts of villages evacuated by area, noting the causes for migration and migration trajectories for every village General introduction The purpose of this overview is to attempt to evaluate the intensity of the migration and its various development phases, elucidate the different factors that impacted population movement directly and assess the main migration trajectories. Of course, given the nature of statistical figures in Eretz Yisrael in general, which are, in themselves, deficient, it would be difficult to determine with certainty absolute numbers regarding the migration movement, but it appears that the figures provided herein, even if not certain, are close to the truth. Hence, a margin of error of ten to fifteen percent needs to be taken into account. The figures on the population in the area that lies outside the State of Israel are less accurate, and the margin of error is greater. This review summarizes the situation up until June 1st, 1948 (only in one case – the evacuation of Jenin, does it include a later occurrence). Basic figures on Arab population movement in Eretz Yisrael a. At the time of the UN declaration [resolution] regarding the division of Eretz Yisrael, the following figures applied within the borders of the Hebrew state: 1. -
In the Name of Socialism: Zionism and European Social Democracy in the Inter-War Years
In the Name of Socialism: Zionism and European Social Democracy in the Inter-War Years PAUL KELEMEN* Summary: Since 1917, the European social democratic movement has given fulsome support to Zionism. The article examines the ideological basis on which Zionism and, in particular, Labour Zionism gained, from 1917, the backing of social democratic parties and prominent socialists. It argues that Labour Zionism's appeal to socialists derived from the notion of "positive colonialism". In the 1930s, as the number of Jewish refugees from Nazi persecution increased considerably, social democratic pro-Zionism also came to be sustained by the fear that the resettlement of Jews in Europe would strengthen anti-Semitism and the extreme right. The social democratic movement was an important source of political support for the setting up of a Jewish state in Palestine. Yet its attitude to Zionism has been noted mostly en passant in works tracing the socialist, and in particular the Marxist, interpretations of the Jewish question.1 The lack of attention accorded to this issue stems partly from the pre-1914 socialist theoreticians themselves, most of whom considered Zionism, simultaneously, as a diversion from the class struggle and a peripheral issue. In the inter-war years, however, prominent socialists, individual social democratic parties and their collective organizations established a tradition of pro-Zionism. The aim, here, is to trace the ideas and political factors which shaped this tradition. Before World War I, sympathy for Zionism in the socialist movement was confined to its fringe: articles favourable to Jewish nationalism appeared, from 1908, in Sozialistische Monatshefte, a journal edited by Joseph Bloch and influential on the revisionist right wing of the German Social Democratic Party.2 Bloch's belief that the sense of national com- munity transcended class interest as a historical force, accorded with interpreting the Jewish question in national rather than class terms. -
Did the San Remo Conference Advance Or Undermine the Prospects for a Jewish State? » Mosaic
12/1/2020 Did the San Remo Conference Advance or Undermine the Prospects for a Jewish State? » Mosaic DID THE SAN REMO CONFERENCE ADVANCE OR UNDERMINE THE PROSPECTS FOR A JEWISH STATE? https://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/israel-zionism/2020/12/did-the-san-remo-conference-advance-or-undermine-the-prospects-for-a-jewish-state/ As a Jew, I wish that the resolution signed 100 years ago had been what today’s celebrants claim it was. As a historian of Israel, I must report that it was much less. December 1, 2020 | Martin Kramer About the author: Martin Kramer teaches Middle Eastern history and served as founding president at Shalem College in Jerusalem, and is the Walter P. Stern fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Three years ago this month, Israel marked not one but two major anniversaries: the centennial of the Balfour Declaration, announcing British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine (November 2, 1917), and 70 years since the UN General Assembly partition resolution calling for separate Jewish and Arab states in Palestine (November 29, 1947). Both are widely recognized as landmarks on the road to Israeli independence. This year, though, we’ve been told by Zionist organizations, Israeli officials, and political activists that we should really be celebrating a different date entirely: namely, this year’s centennial of an international conference held in San Remo on the Italian Riviera in late April 1920. At that conference, a sequel to the post-World War I Paris peace conference of 1919, Britain and France (along with Italy and Japan) agreed on the division of the post- Ottoman Levant and Mesopotamia into League of Nations mandates. -
Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!
Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches -
April 30, 1971
R. t. J H 13!1 !! I STO~ I GA L AS SO~. 11 20 0 t,1,GE LL ST• P. ROV. b, R. I. Q2 (J09 VOLUME LV, NUMBER 9 FRIDAY, APRIL 30, 1971 16 PAGES 15c PER COP"ll Jerusalem City Cou.ncil In Uproar Over Acting Deputy's Ideas For City JERUSALEM - Some Foreign Ministry ofttclals and What the newspaper did not members ot the Jerusalem City Mayor Kollek promptly warned say, but the Foreign Ministry and Council demanded this week the that national pollc)'- was In dange r the Mayor's otftce quickly re Je ct lo n ot Mayor Teddy of being compromised In local announced, was that this proposal Kollek's acting deputy for political feud s . This Is had been submitted by Mr. development and planning when it "particularly unfortunate and Benvenlsti three years ago, as was reported that he had unfair," the Mayor said, Just a one ot the contingencies that advocated returning part of tew days before Secretary ot ' Israel might consider as the Jerusalem to Arab sovereignty. State WWlam P, Rogers is due In political situation evolved. Israel. "Ideas that were prevalent Just after the war In 196 7," Says Discrimination A day uproar In the council ot Mayor Kollek said In a formal marked the latest chapter in the statement, "have evolved during In Private Clubs dispute over Jerusalem, where the last three years and I do not municipal planning had become a now see any way to separate the Will Disappear problem of International diplomacy. subject or Jerusalem from the NEW YORK - A leading entire problem of Arab-Israeli Industrialist predicted this week The local point of the con relations by specific suggestions that racial and religious trqversy Is Meron Benvenistl, a concerning Jerusalem in any discrimination In private social 36-year-old Counatman known area." clubs In the United states would for his persistent defense ot Arab The Foreign Ministry be eliminated within 10 years, Interests In the formerly divided spokesman acknowledged that Roger P, Sonnabend, president city. -
Beirut's Sunset: Civil War, Right to the Truth and Public Remembrance 1
Beirut's Sunset: Civil War, Right to the Truth and Public Remembrance Gianluca Siega Battel' 1. The Years of Darkness: An International-Regional Civil War Several factors contributed to the 1975-1990 Lebanese civil war and different weight has been given to them in the literature on the topic. Some have a distinct Lebanese origin; others pertain to the domain of Middle Eastern and inter national politics. Inter-communal (and no less ferocious intra " Human rights expert; areas of expertise include minority rights, communal <<wars within the wan>) battles intertwined with post-conflict situations, the Balkans wars by proxy and episodes of full-scale inter-state conflict and the Middle East. against a background of regional rivalries (many states of the 1 On Lebanon's recent history and region played a role, even if only financial or diplomatic), the the civil war, I have consulted, among others: P. Hitti, History of unsolved Palestinian issue and the influence of superpowers. the Arabs, London, Palgrave The Lebanese civil war is probably better described as «cycles MacMillan, 2002 (1st ed. 1937), pp. 728-736; P. Mansfield, A History of of wars» with internal, regional and international dimensions'. the Middle East, London, Penguin In its modern history Lebanon experienced two civil wars prior Books, 2003 (1st ed. 1991), pp. 280- 322; F. Massoulie, Les conflicts du to 1975: in 1858-1860, between the Maronite and Druze Proche Orient, Paris, Casterman, communities, which triggered French intervention in defense 1994 (revised ed.); R. Fisk, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, london, of the former, and in 1958, between pro-Western and Oxford University Press, 20013 (1st nationalist/leftist forces, which ended with US intervention at ed. -
Palestine 100 Years of Struggle: the Most Important Events Yasser
Palestine 100 Years of Struggle: The Most Important Events Yasser Arafat Foundation 1 Early 20th Century - The total population of Palestine is estimated at 600,000, including approximately 36,000 of the Jewish faith, most of whom immigrated to Palestine for purely religious reasons, the remainder Muslims and Christians, all living and praying side by side. 1901 - The Zionist Organization (later called the World Zionist Organization [WZO]) founded during the First Zionist Congress held in Basel Switzerland in 1897, establishes the “Jewish National Fund” for the purpose of purchasing land in Palestine. 1902 - Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II agrees to receives Theodor Herzl, the founder of the Zionist movement and, despite Herzl’s offer to pay off the debt of the Empire, decisively rejects the idea of Zionist settlement in Palestine. - A majority of the delegates at The Fifth Zionist Congress view with favor the British offer to allocate part of the lands of Uganda for the settlement of Jews. However, the offer was rejected the following year. 2 1904 - A wave of Jewish immigrants, mainly from Russia and Poland, begins to arrive in Palestine, settling in agricultural areas. 1909 Jewish immigrants establish the city of “Tel Aviv” on the outskirts of Jaffa. 1914 - The First World War begins. - - The Jewish population in Palestine grows to 59,000, of a total population of 657,000. 1915- 1916 - In correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon, the British High Commissioner in Egypt, and Sharif Hussein of Mecca, wherein Hussein demands the “independence of the Arab States”, specifying the boundaries of the territories within the Ottoman rule at the time, which clearly includes Palestine.