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Florian Schmaltz. Kampfstoff-Forschung Im
Florian Schmaltz. Kampfstoff-Forschung im Nationalsozialismus: Zur Kooperation von Kaiser-Wilhelm- Instituten, Militär und Industrie.Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm- Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2005. 676 pp. Illustrations. EUR 39.00 (paper), ISBN 9783892448808. Wolfgang Schieder and Achim Trunk, eds. Adolf Butenandt und die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft: Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik im Dritten Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2004. 456 pp. Table of contents. EUR 34.00 (paper), ISBN 9783892447528. Reviewed by Avraham Barkai, Leo Baeck Institute. Published by H-German (January,2007) Belated Confrontation Tw o generations after the fall of the "Third Rürup and Wolfgang Schieder.InJune 2001, the Reich" at the hands of the Allied victors, German president of the Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG), public opinion, as far as reflected in the media, Hubert Markl, announced its first publications, seems to have faced the uneasy recognition that before an audience that included survivors of Hitler and his regime, its policy, its war and its Auschwitz as invited guests, in a remarkable atrocious crimes were based not only on broad speech, stating: "For way too long, manyquestions consent but also on the willing cooperation and were not asked; for way too long manyquestions welcome of its "benefits" by the greater part of the remained uninvestigated and only dealt with by German people. Since the early 1990s outsiders; ... For too long, colleagues supported governmental, municipal and other public agencies each other by remaining silent and not asking have created commissions that have unearthed questions instead of opening the door to honest proof of such acceptance and have broadened our investigation that was needed. -
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 23 (2001), No. 1
German Historical Institute London Bulletin Volume XXIII, No. 1 May 2001 CONTENTS Seminars 3 Review Article Raiding the Storehouse of European Art: National Socialist Art Plunder during the Second World War (Ines Schlenker) 5 Debate Stefan Berger responds to Ulrich Muhlack 21 Book Reviews I. S. Robinson, Henry IV of Germany, 1056-1106 (Hanna Vollrath) 34 Gerd Althoff, Spielregeln der Politik im Mittelalter: Kommuni- kation in Frieden und Fehde (Timothy Reuter) 40 William Gervase Clarence-Smith, Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914 (Andreas Eckert) 48 L. G. Mitchell, Lord Melbourne 1779-1848 (Patrick Bahners) 53 Wolfgang Piereth, Bayerns Pressepolitik und die Neuordnung Deutschlands nach den Befreiungskriegen (Michael Rowe) 65 Margit Szöllösi-Janze, Fritz Haber 1868-1934: Eine Biographie (Raymond Stokes) 71 Gesine Krüger, Kriegsbewältigung und Geschichtsbewußtsein: Realität, Deutung und Verarbeitung des deutschen Kolonial- kriegs in Namibia 1904 bis 1907 (Tilman Dedering) 76 Contents Kurt Flasch, Die geistige Mobilmachung: Die deutschen Intellektuellen und der Erste Weltkrieg. Ein Versuch (Roger Chickering) 80 Notker Hammerstein, Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in der Weimarer Republik und im Dritten Reich: Wissenschafts- politik in Republik und Diktatur; Michael Fahlbusch, Wissen- schaft im Dienst der nationalsozialistischen Politik? Die ‘Volksdeutschen Forschungsgemeinschaften’ von 1931-1945 (Paul Weindling) 83 Peter Strunk, Zensur und Zensoren: Medienkontrolle und Propagandapolitik unter sowjetischer Besatzungsherrschaft in Deutschland (Patrick Major) 89 Paul Nolte, Die Ordnung der deutschen Gesellschaft: Selbstent- wurf und Selbstbeschreibung im 20. Jahrhundert (Thomas Rohrkrämer) 93 Noticeboard 98 Library News 111 Recent Acquisitions 2 SEMINARS AT THE GHIL SUMMER 2001 15 May PROFESSOR GÜNTHER HEYDEMANN (Leipzig) The Revolution of 1989/90 in the GDR—Recent Research Günther Heydemann has published widely on European history of the nineteenth century and the twentieth-century German dictator- ships. -
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Werner Heisenberg And
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science PREPRINT 203 (2002) Horst Kant Werner Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen Werner Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project* Horst Kant Werner Heisenberg’s (1901-1976) involvement in the German Uranium Project is the most con- troversial aspect of his life. The controversial discussions on it go from whether Germany at all wanted to built an atomic weapon or only an energy supplying machine (the last only for civil purposes or also for military use for instance in submarines), whether the scientists wanted to support or to thwart such efforts, whether Heisenberg and the others did really understand the mechanisms of an atomic bomb or not, and so on. Examples for both extreme positions in this controversy represent the books by Thomas Powers Heisenberg’s War. The Secret History of the German Bomb,1 who builds up him to a resistance fighter, and by Paul L. Rose Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project – A Study in German Culture,2 who characterizes him as a liar, fool and with respect to the bomb as a poor scientist; both books were published in the 1990s. In the first part of my paper I will sum up the main facts, known on the German Uranium Project, and in the second part I will discuss some aspects of the role of Heisenberg and other German scientists, involved in this project. Although there is already written a lot on the German Uranium Project – and the best overview up to now supplies Mark Walker with his book German National Socialism and the quest for nuclear power, which was published in * Paper presented on a conference in Moscow (November 13/14, 2001) at the Institute for the History of Science and Technology [àÌÒÚËÚÛÚ ËÒÚÓËË ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÁ̇ÌËfl Ë ÚÂıÌËÍË ËÏ. -
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: a Study in German Culture
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft838nb56t&chunk.id=0&doc.v... Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project A Study in German Culture Paul Lawrence Rose UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday ― ix ― ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hospitality during various phases of work on this book I am grateful to Aryeh Dvoretzky, Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose invitation there allowed me to begin work on the book while on sabbatical leave from James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, in 1983; and to those colleagues whose good offices made it possible for me to resume research on the subject while a visiting professor at York University and the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1990–92. Grants from the College of the Liberal Arts and the Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies of The Pennsylvania State University enabled me to complete the research and writing of the book. -
Hitler's Uranium Club, the Secret Recordings at Farm Hall
HITLER’S URANIUM CLUB DER FARMHALLER NOBELPREIS-SONG (Melodie: Studio of seiner Reis) Detained since more than half a year Ein jeder weiss, das Unglueck kam Sind Hahn und wir in Farm Hall hier. Infolge splitting von Uran, Und fragt man wer is Schuld daran Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. The real reason nebenbei Die energy macht alles waermer. Ist weil we worked on nuclei. Only die Schweden werden aermer. Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. Die nuclei waren fuer den Krieg Auf akademisches Geheiss Und fuer den allgemeinen Sieg. Kriegt Deutschland einen Nobel-Preis. Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. Wie ist das moeglich, fragt man sich, In Oxford Street, da lebt ein Wesen, The story seems wunderlich. Die wird das heut’ mit Thraenen lesen. Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. Die Feldherrn, Staatschefs, Zeitungsknaben, Es fehlte damals nur ein atom, Ihn everyday im Munde haben. Haett er gesagt: I marry you madam. Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. Even the sweethearts in the world(s) Dies ist nur unsre-erste Feier, Sie nennen sich jetzt: “Atom-girls.” Ich glaub die Sache wird noch teuer, Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, Und fragt man, wer ist Schuld daran, So ist die Antwort: Otto Hahn. -
Wissenschaft, Planung, Vertreibung. Der Generalplan Ost Der Nationalsozialisten
WISSENSCHAFT PLANUNG VERTREIBUNG Der Generalplan Ost der Nationalsozialisten Eine Ausstellung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft „ ... wenn einmal Grund und Boden in deutscher Hand sind.“ Aus dem Generalplan Ost vom Juni 1942: „Die Eindeutschung wird als vollzogen angenommen, wenn einmal der Grund und Boden in deutsche Hand überführt worden ist, zum anderen, wenn die beruflichen Selbständigen, die Beamten, Angestellten, die gehobenen Arbeiter und die dazugehörenden Familien deutsch sind. Aufgrund der in den Raumordnungsskizzen niedergelegten Zielplanung wird die ländliche Bevölkerung rund 2,9 Millionen Menschen, die städtische etwa 4,3 Millionen Menschen betragen. Für die Eindeutschung wird auf dem Lande eine Bevölkerungszahl von rund 1,8 Millionen, in der Stadt von etwa 2,2 Millionen deutscher Menschen für erforderlich gehalten.“ (über annektierte westpolnische Gebiete) „Die Durchdringung der großen Räume des Ostens mit deutschem Leben stellt das Reich vor die zwingende Notwendigkeit, neuen Besiedlungsformen zu finden, die die Raumgröße und die jeweils verfügbaren deutschen Menschen miteinander in Einklang bringen.“ (über deutsche Siedlungsstützpunkte) „Da auf die Mitarbeit der in den Gebieten jetzt bodenständigen Bevölkerung nicht verzichtet werden kann, muß die zu schaffende Volksordnung im Ostraum auf eine Befriedung der dortigen Einwohner abzielen. Die Befriedung wird dadurch erreicht, daß die nötige Bereitstellung von Siedlungsland für die Ansetzung deutscher Menschen nicht wie bisher durch Evakuierungen, sondern durch Umsetzung -
The Virus House -
David Irving The Virus House - F FOCAL POINT Copyright © by David Irving Electronic version copyright © by Parforce UK Ltd. All rights reserved No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. Copies may be downloaded from our website for research purposes only. No part of this publication may be commercially reproduced, copied, or transmitted save with written permission in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. To Pilar is the son of a Royal Navy commander. Imper- fectly educated at London’s Imperial College of Science & Tech- nology and at University College, he subsequently spent a year in Germany working in a steel mill and perfecting his fluency in the language. In he published The Destruction of Dresden. This became a best-seller in many countries. Among his thirty books (including three in German), the best-known include Hitler’s War; The Trail of the Fox: The Life of Field Marshal Rommel; Accident, the Death of General Sikorski; The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe; Göring: a Biography; and Nuremberg, the Last Battle. The second volume of Churchill's War appeared in and he is now completing the third. His works are available as free downloads at www.fpp.co.uk/books. Contents Author’s Introduction ............................. Solstice.......................................................... A Letter to the War Office ........................ The Plutonium Alternative....................... An Error of Consequence ......................... Item Sixteen on a Long Agenda............... Freshman................................................... Vemork Attacked..................................... -
Comment on Julien Reitzenstein's Book Himmlers Forscher
H-Net Comment on Julien Reitzenstein’s book Himmlers Forscher (Himmler’s Scientists) on the occasion of the legal dispute over the review by Sören Flachowsky Page published by Yelena Kalinsky on Thursday, November 16, 2017 From the H-Soz-Kult Editorial Board By Michael Wildt, chairman of Clio-online e.V., and Rüdiger Hohls, head of the working group H-Soz- Kult For the first time in its twenty-year history, H-Soz-Kult has decided to take a review offline. The review concerns Julien Reitzenstein’s bookHimmlers Forscher: Wehrwissenschaft und Medizinverbrechen im „Ahnenerbe“ der SS (Himmler’s Scientists: Military Science and Medical Crimes in the SS Ahnenerbe; Paderborn: Schöningh, 2014). The book was reviewed by Sören Flachowsky who, by virtue of his studies about Nazi science policy, was the best qualified reviewer. The reasons for taking the review offline can be found at the following address: http://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-23622 First, Flachowsky states in his review that Reitzenstein’s study is concerned with the evolution of the Institut für wehrwissenschaftliche Zweckforschung (IWZ; The Institute for Military Scientific Research), which emerged from the SS Ahnenerbe and thus focused on the hitherto largely unknown establishment of entgrenzter Wissenschaft (science without moral boundaries). While the Ahnenerbe project has received scholarly attention in recent decades, Flachowsky states that a study of the IWZ has so far been lacking. However, Reitzenstein devotes a considerable part of his research, but without wanting to present a biography, to the rise and wide-ranging activities of the managing director of the Ahnenerbe and the IWZ, Wolfram Sievers, a learned publisher without academic training. -
24.11 Books MH 17/11/05 5:01 PM Page 427
24.11 books MH 17/11/05 5:01 PM Page 427 NATURE|Vol 438|24 November 2005 BOOKS & ARTS died. Bickenbach was later condemned by a French court to 20 years in jail. During the A poisonous present lawsuit, Kuhn wrote to Bickenbach’s lawyer, saying that the experiments were “scientifically Kampfstoff-Forschung im in 1938, Kuhn took over some of his lab space. perfect” and “a blessing for future generations”. Nationalsozialismus: Zur Kooperation This gave him access to the nerve poisons Bickenbach was released in 1955 after a Ger- von Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten, Militär tabun and sarin, synthesized in secret in 1936 man medical court found nothing wrong with und Industrie. [Weapons Research in and 1939 by chemists of the IG Farben compa- his experiments and allowed him to practice National Socialism] nies. The Allies only learned of their existence medicine again. by Florian Schmaltz shortly before the end of the war. Kuhn’s Schmaltz, a historian, presents all this and Wallstein: 2005. 676 pp. €39 colleagues showed that the poisons worked much more in great detail. The flow of money by inhibiting acetylcholine esterase, and his between industry, the army and science, in Benno Müller-Hill laboratory synthesized an even more effective particular, is well documented, but the chem- Germany started developing chemical weapons acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, soman, in istry is flawed in places. The structures of sarin nearly a century ago, during the First World 1944. These poisons were synthesized in large and soman are given, but that of tabun is miss- War. Fritz Haber, then director of the Kaiser quantities for use in grenades, but they were ing, and the structure of pinacoline alcohol, a Wilhelm Institute of Physical Chemistry in never used. -
Nazi Nuclear Research: Why Didn’T Hitler Get the Bomb? Jim Thomson
Nazi nuclear research: Why didn’t Hitler get the Bomb? Jim Thomson www.safetyinengineering.com 1 Nazi nuclear research 1. The German project and a brief comparison with the Manhattan and V-weapons projects 2. German project technical achievements and failures 3. Political and organisational factors 4. Motives, ethics, competence and honesty 5. Postscript: The lunatic fringes 2 Jim Thomson www.safetyinengineering.com 1. The German project and a brief comparison with the Manhattan and V-weapons projects 3 Jim Thomson www.safetyinengineering.com Arnold Kramish 1985 The Griffin 1947: April 1943: “Los ALSOS – Samuel Mark Walker 1989 German National Socialism and the Quest Dec 1942: for Nuclear Power 1939–1949 Alamos Primer” Goudsmit Chicago pile UK Government 1992 Farm Hall transcripts declassified lecture notes give (republished 1996) critical complete overview of David Cassidy 1992 Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg bomb project Frisch-Peierls 1944/1945: ALSOS 1956: Thomas Powers 1993 Heisenberg’s War memorandum mission to capture Brighter Than a Mark Walker 1995 Nazi Science: Myth, Truth, and the German March 1940 German researchers , Thousand Suns – Atomic Bomb July/Aug 1945: Einstein letter equipment and data Robert Jungk Paul Lawrence 1998 Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb to Roosevelt Trinity, Little Boy and Rose Project: A Study in German Culture Fat Man. The Smyth 1968: Hans Bethe 2000 ‘The German Uranium Project’, Article in August 1939 Physics Today Report outlines the The Virus House - Jeremy Bernstein 2001 -
Appendix a I
Appendix A I Appendix A Professional Institutions and Associations AVA: Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (see under --+ KWIS) DFG: Deutsche Forschungs-Gemeinschaft (previously --+ NG) German Scientific Research Association. Full title: Deutsche Gemeinschaft zur Erhaltung und Forderung der Forschung (German Association for the Support and Advancement of Sci entific Research). Successor organization to the --+ NG, which was renamed DFG unofficially since about 1929 and officially in 1937. During the terms of its presidents: J. --+ Stark (June 1934-36); R. --+ Mentzel (Nov. 1936-39) and A. --+ Esau (1939-45), the DFG also had a dom inant influence on the research policy of the --+ RFR. It was funded by government grants in the millions and smaller contributions by the --+ Stifterverband. Refs.: ~1entzel [1940]' Stark [1943]c, Zierold [1968], Nipperdey & Schmugge [1970]. DGtP: Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir technische Physik German Society of Technical Physics. Founded on June 6, 1919 by Georg Gehlhoff as an alternative to the --+ DPG with a total of 13 local associations and its own journal --+ Zeitschrift fUr technische Physik. Around 1924 the DGtP had approximately 3,000 members, thus somewhat more than the DPG, but membership fell by 1945 to around 1,500. Chairmen: G. Gehlhoff (1920-31); K. --+ Mey (1931-45). Refs.: Gehlhoff et al. [1920]' Ludwig [1974], Richter [1977], Peschel (Ed.) [1991]' chap. 1, Heinicke [1985]' p. 43, Hoffmann & Swinne [1994]. DPG: Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft German Physical Society. Founded in 1899 a national organization at to succeed the Berlin Physical Society, which dates back to 1845. The Society issued regular biweekly proceedings, reports (Berichte) on the same, as well as the journal: Fortschritte der Physik (since 1845). -
Aus Dem Institut Für Ethik Und Geschichte Der Medizin
Aus dem Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin Täter, Netzwerker, Forscher: Die Medizinverbrechen von Dr. med. Sigmund Rascher und sein personelles Umfeld Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität zu Tübingen vorgelegt von Janze, Matthias Michael 2020 Dekan: Professor Dr. B. Pichler 1. Berichterstatter: Privatdozent Dr. H. Tümmers 2. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. F. Dross Tag der Disputation: 26.07.2018 Inhaltsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis .......................................................................................................... 5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................... 6 Einleitung ......................................................................................................................... 8 A. Quellengrundlage und Quellenkritik ..................................................................... 10 B. Forschungsstand ..................................................................................................... 15 1. Raschers Werdegang und seine Experimente ..................................................... 15 2. Täterforschung .................................................................................................... 22 3. Netzwerkanalyse ................................................................................................. 26 C. Gliederung und Ziel dieser Studie ........................................................................