Rainfall & Storm Surge Combined Effects Modeling
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Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction Modeling: Phase 2 – Rainfall & Storm Surge Combined Effects Modeling Nancy Powell (ARCADIS), Haihong Zhao (ARCADIS), Shan Zou (ARCADIS), Hugh Roberts (ARCADIS), Don Resio (University of North Florida), David Johnson (RAND), and Ryan Clark (The Water Institute of the Gulf) Produced for and Funded by: Coastal Protection & Restoration Authority of Louisiana and Lafourche Basin Levee District July 8, 2015 INTEGRATING APPLIED RESEARCH | LINKING KNOWLEDGE TO ACTION | BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS ABOUT THE WATER INSTITUTE OF THE GULF The Water Institute of the Gulf is a not-for-profit, independent research institute dedicated to advancing the understanding of coastal, deltaic, river, and water resource systems, both within the Gulf Coast and around the world. This mission supports the practical application of innovative science and engineering, providing solutions that benefit society. For more information, visit www.thewaterinstitute.org. SUGGESTED CITATION Powell, N.1, Zhao, H. 1, Zou, S. 1, Roberts. H. 1, Resio, D.2, Johnson, D.3, & Clark, R.4 (2014). Project Development and Implementation Program: Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction Modeling: Phase 2 – Rainfall & Storm Surge Combined Effects Modeling. The Water Institute of the Gulf. Funded by the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority under Task Order 18 Contract No. 2503-12-58. Baton Rouge, LA. 1 ARCADIS 2 University of North Florida 3 RAND Corporation 4 The Water Institute of the Gulf Preface This study was performed for the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana (CPRA) and Lafourche Basin Levee District (LBLD) under the Project Development and Implementation Program. The program was proposed in the 2012 Coastal Master Plan to provide a defined process for projects to be added to the analysis of projects for the 2017 Master Plan or be incorporated into the 2012 Master Plan in between the legislatively required 5-year updates and be eligible for funding through the Annual Plan. With limited funding available, any new project that is proposed to be added to the Master Plan must undergo a similar level of analysis and demonstrate a high level of performance. The same strategic approach to decision making used in the 2012 Master Plan will be maintained for any new project being proposed for inclusion in the Master Plan. CPRA recognizes that continued investment in cutting edge technology and further refinement of Master Plan components and projects will be critical to efforts going forward. This effort focuses on the continued analysis of flood risk in the northern extents of Barataria Basin. Flooding caused by both rainfall in the study area and an increased water level in coastal areas south of Highway 90 due to tropical storms and other events (e.g., extratropical or “winter” storms) were studied. The study builds on analyses previously completed as Project Development & Implementation Program: Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction (Roberts et al., 2014), which analyzed storm surge in the study area. The analysis will be completed to determine whether proposed project alternatives in the study area should be considered for inclusion in the evaluation for the 2017 Coastal Master Plan. The project team brings together expertise in hydrology, meteorology, hydrodynamic modeling, extremal statistics, and risk assessment. The project team completed the previous analysis, Project Development & Implementation Program: Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction (Roberts et al., 2014), and builds on that effort in this study. ARCADIS U. S. (ARCADIS) led the tasks of data collection and review, as well as Hydrology & Hydraulics (H&H) modeling. These tasks were done to support the statistical analysis of rainfall-surge-induced stages led by Professor Resio. The risk assessment was led by RAND. The Water Institute of the Gulf (the Institute) led project management for this analysis, provided an approach for the incorporation of rainfall derived from radar data, and provided quality reviews. Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction Modeling: Phase 2 – Rainfall & Storm Surge Combined Effects Modeling i Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ v List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Data Collection and Review ....................................................................................................................... 11 H&H Modeling ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Model Description .................................................................................................................................. 16 Model Updates .................................................................................................................................... 16 Future Scenario ................................................................................................................................... 18 Model Validation .................................................................................................................................... 19 Climatology and Statistics .......................................................................................................................... 26 JPM-OS Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 26 Antecedent Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 27 H&H Model Production Runs ................................................................................................................ 34 Model Setup ........................................................................................................................................ 34 H&H Modeling Results ...................................................................................................................... 34 Limitations of Modeling ..................................................................................................................... 44 Flood Risk ............................................................................................................................................... 45 Damage and Benefits .................................................................................................................................. 48 Project Alternatives ................................................................................................................................. 48 Cost Estimation ....................................................................................................................................... 50 Highway 90 ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Cost Effectiveness ............................................................................................................................... 56 Analysis of Future Large Industrial Projects ...................................................................................... 57 Uncertainty and Sources of Uncertainty ..................................................................................................... 59 Upper Barataria Basin Risk Reduction Modeling: Phase 2 – Rainfall & Storm Surge Combined Effects Modeling ii Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 64 Appendix A: Data Inventory ................................................................................................................... 65 Appendix B: Identified Historical Rainfall Events ................................................................................. 69 Appendix C: Storage Names and Labels ................................................................................................ 73 Appendix D: Rainfall Runoff for Existing and Future Landscape ......................................................... 79 Appendix E: Stage Hydrographs ...........................................................................................................