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Jeff Donnelly [[email protected]] Sent: Friday, April 28, 2006 4:55 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: Martha's Vineyard and Hurricanes
From: Jeff Donnelly [[email protected]] Sent: Friday, April 28, 2006 4:55 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: Martha's Vineyard and Hurricanes Hi Paul... The current hospital location is relatively safe from hurricanes making landfall to the west of Martha's Vineyard. For example storm surge from the 1938 hurricane at that location was between 4 and 6 feet. The location is much more susceptible to nor'easters. You might get 6 feet of surge associated with an intense nor'easter potentially with some large waves on top of that. However, my biggest concern is if an intense hurricane were to slowly pass to the east of the island. This would result in strong north and northeast winds that could pile significant storm surge and waves into Vineyard Haven Harbor. The October 3, 1841 hurricane was just such a storm. One of the key factors is the forward motion of the storm. If the storm track is to the east of the island and it is moving rapidly the speed of forward motion would be subtracted from the rotary winds of the west side of the storm and the duration of strong winds would be less (a couple of hours or less). If the storm moves slowly the duration of onshore hurricane force winds could be more like 6 to 10 hours. In this scenario the hospital might be in peril. You could get between 10 and 15 feet of storm surge in Vineyard Haven Harbor during such an event. From my read of the topographic map it looks like the hospital is between 10 and 20 feet above sea level. -
Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1997
2440 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 127 Eastern North Paci®c Hurricane Season of 1997 MILES B. LAWRENCE Tropical Prediction Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 15 June 1998, in ®nal form 20 October 1998) ABSTRACT The hurricane season of the eastern North Paci®c basin is summarized and individual tropical cyclones are described. The number of tropical cyclones was near normal. Hurricane Pauline's rainfall ¯ooding killed more than 200 people in the Acapulco, Mexico, area. Linda became the strongest hurricane on record in this basin with 160-kt 1-min winds. 1. Introduction anomaly. Whitney and Hobgood (1997) show by strat- Tropical cyclone activity was near normal in the east- i®cation that there is little difference in the frequency of eastern Paci®c tropical cyclones during El NinÄo years ern North Paci®c basin (east of 1408W). Seventeen trop- ical cyclones reached at least tropical storm strength and during non-El NinÄo years. However, they did ®nd a relation between SSTs near tropical cyclones and the ($34 kt) (1 kt 5 1nmih21 5 1852/3600 or 0.514 444 maximum intensity attained by tropical cyclones. This ms21) and nine of these reached hurricane force ($64 kt). The long-term (1966±96) averages are 15.7 tropical suggests that the slightly above-normal SSTs near this storms and 8.7 hurricanes. Table 1 lists the names, dates, year's tracks contributed to the seven hurricanes reach- maximum 1-min surface wind speed, minimum central ing 100 kt or more. pressure, and deaths, if any, of the 1997 tropical storms In addition to the infrequent conventional surface, and hurricanes, and Figs. -
1 Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Over
CLIMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE RAINFALL OVER PUERTO RICO: PROCESSES, PATTERNS AND IMPACTS By JOSÉ JAVIER HERNÁNDEZ AYALA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 1 © 2016 José Javier Hernández Ayala 2 To my beloved Puerto Rico, its atmosphere, environment and people 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The main ideas behind the development of this dissertation came from multiple experiences with tropical cyclones while living in Puerto Rico. Those life experiences motivated me to explore the climate of the tropics, with special attention to the rainfall associated with those extreme events and their role in Puerto Rico’s physical geography. The research conducted in this dissertation was possible from support of Dr. Corene Matyas, Associate Professor and Graduate Coordinator at the Department of Geography at the University of Florida. Her magnificent mentoring and continuous support enable me to invest the necessary effort and time to complete this dissertation. I am truly grateful for her exceptional role as my committee chair. I want to thank Dr. Peter Waylen for his continuous support and all of the inspiring conversations we’ve had about research and life in general that gave me even more strength to continue in this journey towards the PhD. I thank Dr. Timothy Fik for sharing his expertise in quantitative methods through two great courses and for inspiring me to aspire to more in life. Thanks to Dr. Zhong-Ren Peng for being my external committee member and teaching me more about the human dimension of climate related phenomena. -
Historical Changes in the Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands and the Roles of Extreme Storms, Sea Level, and Human Activities
HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE MISSISSIPPI-ALABAMA BARRIER ISLANDS AND THE ROLES OF EXTREME STORMS, SEA LEVEL, AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES Robert A. Morton 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞20'0"N Horn Island 30∞20'0"N Petit Bois Island 30∞16'0"N 30∞16'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 2005 2005 1996 Dauphin Island 1996 2005 1986 1986 30∞16'0"N Kilometers 30∞14'0"N 0 1 2 3 4 5 1966 30∞16'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1950 Kilometers 1917 0 1 2 3 4 5 1917 1848 1849 30∞14'0"N 30∞14'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞10'0"N 30∞10'0"N 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W 30∞16'0"N Cat Island Ship Island 30∞16'0"N 2005 30∞14'0"N 1996 30∞14'0"N 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞14'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1917 1848 Fort 2005 Massachusetts 1995 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞12'0"N 1950 30∞12'0"N 1917 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 1848 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W Open-File Report 2007-1161 U.S. -
Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs. -
Tropical Cyclone Effects on California
/ i' NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS WR-~ 1s-? TROPICAL CYCLONE EFFECTS ON CALIFORNIA Salt Lake City, Utah October 1980 u.s. DEPARTMENT OF I National Oceanic and National Weather COMMERCE Atmospheric Administration I Service NOAA TECHNICAL ME~RANOA National Weather Service, Western R@(Jfon Suhseries The National Weather Service (NWS~ Western Rl!qion (WR) Sub5eries provide! an informal medium for the documentation and nUlck disseminuion of l"'eSUlts not appr-opriate. or nnt yet readY. for formal publication. The series is used to report an work in pronf"'!ss. to rie-tJ:cribe tl!1:hnical procedures and oractice'S, or to relate proqre5 s to a Hmitfd audience. The~J:e Technical ~ranc1i!l will report on investiqations rit'vot~ or'imaroi ly to rl!nionaJ and local orablems of interest mainly to personnel, "'"d • f,. nence wUl not hi! 'l!lidely distributed. Pacer<; I to Z5 are in the fanner series, ESSA Technical Hetooranda, Western Reqion Technical ~-··•nda (WRTMI· naoors 24 tn 59 are i·n the fanner series, ESSA Technical ~-rando, W.othel" Bureou Technical ~-randa (WSTMI. aeqinniM with "n. the oaoers are oa"t of the series. ltOAA Technical >4emoranda NWS. Out·of·print .....,rond1 are not listed. PanfiM ( tn 22, except for 5 {revised erlitinn), ar'l! availabll! froM tt'lt Nationm1 Weattuu• Service Wesurn Ret1inn. )cientific ~•,.,irr• Division, P.O. Box lllAA, Federal RuildiM, 125 South State Street, Salt La~• City, Utah R4147. Pacer 5 (revised •rlitinnl. and all nthei"S beqinninq ~ith 25 are available from the National rechnical Information Sel'"lice. II.S. -
1858 San Diego Hurricane and Not Be Sur- Documented to Be Real
THE SAN DIEGO HURRICANE OF 2 OCTOBER 1858 BY MICHAEL CHENOWETH AND CHRISTOPHER LANDSEA The discovery of a hurricane that directly impacted San Diego, California, nearly 150 yr ago has implications for residents and risk managers in their planning for extreme events for the region. ropical cyclones forming in the eastern North 10 September 1976 in California and Arizona, and Pacific Ocean are occasional visitors to the Hurricane Nora in September 1997 in Arizona. Only T southwestern United States. By the time these the 1939 tropical storm made a direct landfall in coastal systems travel far enough to the north to bring their California (Smith 1986), because the other three sys- associated moisture to the United States, the tropical tems entered the United States after first making land- cyclones have normally diminished below tropical fall in Mexico. storm strength over Mexico or over the colder waters The 1939 tropical storm caused $2 million in prop- of the California Current that flows southward along erty damage in California, mostly to shipping, shore the California coast. Rain, sometimes locally excessive, structures, power and communication lines, and crops. is frequently observed in many areas of the southwest- Ships in coastal waters of southern California reported ern United States when tropical cyclone remnants en- southeast winds between 34 and 47 kt (Hurd 1939). ter the region (Blake 1935; Smith 1986). However, no tropical cyclones are recorded or esti- Four tropical cyclones have managed to bring tropi- mated to have made landfall in the southwestern cal storm–force winds to the southwestern United United States as a hurricane, with maximum 1-min States during the twentieth century: a tropical storm surface (10 m) winds of at least 64 kt. -
Extension of the Systematic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting in the Eastern and Central North Pacific
NPS ARCHIVE 1997.12 BOOTHE, M. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS EXTENSION OF THE SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTING IN THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC by Mark A. Boothe December, 1997 Thesis Co-Advisors: Russell L.Elsberry Lester E. Carr III Thesis B71245 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAl OSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA 93943-5101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching casting data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, I'aperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1 . AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 1997. Master's Thesis TITLE AND SUBTITLE EXTENSION OF THE SYSTEMATIC 5. FUNDING NUMBERS APPROACH TO TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTING IN THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC 6. AUTHOR(S) Mark A. Boothe 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDR£SS(ES) PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESSEES) 10. SPONSORING/MONTTORIN G AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
Plant Communities of Selected Dunes and Sandy Areas of Florida - As Laboratories for High School Biology
PLANT COMMUNITIES OF SELECTED DUNES AND SANDY AREAS OF FLORIDA - AS LABORATORIES FOR HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY By WILLIAM YANCEY BENNETT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA June, 1961 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to thank Prof. Erdman West for valuable assistance in plant identification. Sincere ap- preciation is due Dr. N. E. Bingham, chairman of the super- visory committee, for his direction and advice during the preparation of this work. Gratitude is extended to Dr. E. 3. Ford, of the supervisory committee, for his advice on special botanical problems and for his criticism of the manuscript* The author is indebted to other members of the supervisory committee, Drs. Douglas E. 3cates, Clara M. Olson and Robert D. Powell for their constructive criticism of the manuscript. Especial gratitude is expressed for the late Dr. Leon N. Henderson, whose interest and encouragement were so val- uable to the writer. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . vi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 t T Statement of the Problem Limitations and Definition of Terms Selection of Areas Plan of Dissertation II. ORIGIN OF FLORIDA SANDS . 9 Geological History Soil Types III. FINDINGS . « 25 Nature of a Plant Community Specific Plant Communities Samples of Vegetational Communities Summary IV. PLANT COMMUNITIES USED AS LABORATORIES 103 Introduction Facts to be Investigated in All Plant Communities Some Observable Factors Found in Plant Communities Equipment to be Included in Preparations for Activities Planning a Field Trip Summary iii Page Chapter 7. -
FSU ETD Template
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2017 Crawl Out through the Fallout?: Civil Defense, the Cold War, and American Memory Matthew Byrne Storey Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES “CRAWL OUT THROUGH THE FALLOUT?” CIVIL DEFENSE, THE COLD WAR, AND AMERICAN MEMORY By MATTHEW BYRNE STOREY A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2017 Matthew Byrne Storey defended this thesis on March 24, 2017 The members of the supervisory committee were: Jennifer Koslow Professor Directing Thesis Michael Creswell Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my parents iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. v Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... vi 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. THE OFFICIAL NARRATIVE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ........................................................ -
The Weather and Circulation of September 1967
956 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 95, No. 12 THE WEATHER AND CIRCULATION OF SEPTEMBER 1967 A Month of Continued Record Warmth in the West, Coolness in the East, and Frequent Tropical Activity A. JAMES WAGNER Extended Forecast Division, Weather Bureau, ESSA, Suitland, Md. 1. HIGHLIGHTS Bureau records. This intense Gulf of Alaska Low rep- In most areas of the Nation, the temperature patterns resented a monthly 700-mb. height fall of 340 ft. more of July and August persisted into September 1967, result- than the normal August to September change (fig. 3). An- ing in cool spells, heat waves, and dry periods of record- other deep vortex which was 380 ft. below normal was breaking length. Some sections of the South have had located over northern Baffin Island. These centers of record-breaking coolness all summer, while excessive heat action gave rise to a generally high index situation, and continued drought plagued much of the Northwest. although weak positive anomalies were observed north Maximum temperatures averaged in the eighties during of the Bering Straits and over Scandanavia (fig. 2). September 1967 for only the second time since 1892 at Southern Canada and the northern United States were Missoula, Mont. Temperatures soared into the nineties dominated by a large zonally oriented band of above numerous times throughout the month in the Far West normal heights extending from the Pacific Coast to the and Northern Rockies, setting new records for the total central Atlantic. This pattern was somewhat unusual, as number of days with 90' F. or above for the month or for ordinarily a deep trough would be expected downstream the season.