DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ahl 1 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized Washington, D. C. The meeting of the Executive Directors of the Bank Public Disclosure Authorized and IDA convened at 3:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 19, 1987, in the Board Room, 1818 H Street, Northwest, under the Chairman­ ship of Mr. Barber Conable. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N .E. Washington, D.C. 20002 I 2021 ,46-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah2 2 C O N T E N T S AGENDA ITEM: PAGE 3. Proposed Loan - Argentina (A Trade Policy and Export Diversification Loan) Mr. Carling ............... 45 Mr. Draghi. 4 7 Mr. Haxthausen ............ 60 Mr. Malan ................ : 67 Mr. Woodward .............. 68 MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N .E. Wa.shington, D.C. 20002 ' 202\ 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah3 3 AGENDA ITEM: 3. (Continued) : Mr. Boehmer . 7 0 Mr. Yamaguchi ............. 72 Mr. Arlman ................ 75 Mr. Keating ............... 80 Mr. Soe Lin . .............. 84 Mrs. Rubio. 88 Mr. Jembere ............... 90 Mr. Mar ion. 91 Mr. Al-Sultan ....... ..... 92 MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 50 7 C Street, N .E. Washington, D.C. 20002 ( 202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah42 42 Next we have the aforementioned loan to Argentina, Item 3 on the Agenda. It is a Report and Recommendation on a Trade Policy and Export Diversification Loan in the amount of $500 million equivalent to the Argentine Republic. Mr. Neuhaus, Assistant Division Chief, Western Hemisphere Department of the IMF, is attending this meeting. We are pleased to welcome him. Mr. Sokol of the LAC Region will introduce the proposal. Mr. Sokol, as you know, is the Country Economist. Mr. Sokol? MR. SOKOL: Thank you. Mr. Chairman, members of the Board, as background for the proposed trade policy and export diversification loan, I would like to report to you today on the goverrunent's economic policies and recent economic developments in Argentina. The challenge facing the government continues to be bringing down inflation while maintaining economic growth. MILLER REPORTING CO ., INC. 507 C Street, N .E. Washington , D.C. 20002 ( 202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah43 43 Last year the government was successful in this effort. Real economic growth reached 5.5 percent following a 4.5 percent drop in 1984 while yearly inflation was brought from triple­ digit levels during the last decade down to 80 percent. In early 1987, there was a resurgence of inflationary expecta- tions. The government, however, reacted inunediately. It introduced another wage and price freeze and tightened its monetary and fiscal policies. As a result, inflation was brought down from 8.2 percent in March to 3.5 percent in April of this year. The government has concluded successful wage negotiations with the trade unions and industrialists, thus containing wage pressures on prices. Now that inflationary expectations are subsiding and relative price are reasonably in line, the government is in a position to phase out the wage and price freeze again and to move to a system of flexible price administration. The government has initiated a far-reaching trade policy reform as a centerpiece of its structural reform program which would reverse the anti-export bias of the economy. The government intends to maintain the real e xc hange rate bay devaluing the Austral by the d ifference between domestic and international inflation based on a basket MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N.E. Washington, D .C. 20002 (202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah44 44 of currencies. In its efforts to increase efficiency in the economy, the government has accelerated the pace of the trade reform and eliminated non-tariff restrictions by moving additional tariff positions equivalent to some 10 percent of the value of industrial production out of the prior consulta­ tion list and into the automatic list, without increasing nominal tariffs. The government has also begin to phase out pre­ export financing subsidies. Manufactured exports have been picking up as a result of the new policies. Beyond trade reforms, the government is moving into structural adjustment programs in the financial sector, energy, public sector rationalization,industrial incentives, and the elimination of price controls. The Bank strategy is to support the government's medium-term progr am of structural adjustment. The proposed Trade Policy and Export Diversifica­ tion Loan which is before you today is the centerpiece of this strategy. This operation forms part of a concerted interna­ tional effort. You will recall being advise d recently of the conclusi on of negotiations on Ar gentina's 1987 financial package covering rescheduling of about $30 billion of MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N .E. Washington, D .C. 20002 (202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah45 45 existing debt and the provision of new money loans totally $1.9 billion. The commercial banks have expressed interest that approximately $500 million of their new money be provided as cofinancing with the proposed Trade Policy Loan. It is proposed that the cofinancing take the form of a traditional parallel cofinancing. The World Bank thus will not take on any exposure to the credit risk of the commercial banks. We believe that the proposed traditional, parallel cofinancing is feasible and appropriate in this case since it does not provide any form of security by the World Bank and leaves the Bank complete discretion regarding remedial action in the event of default. I might add that we have done several such tradi­ tional, parallel cofinancing operations in the past, par­ ticularly in the period prior to the introduction of the B­ loan instruments. Thank you. MR. CONABLE: Thank you, Mr. Sokol. Mr. Carling will open the discussion. MR. CARLING: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. In looking at this loan, it is relevant to recall the discussion in the Board last Thursday of the World MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah46 46 Development Report. In that draft, Argentina was classified as one of the strongly inward-oriented economies, and the objective of this loan is to support the government's adoption of an outward-oriented strategy. The WDR provided strong support for such a shift, and there is every reason to believe that if implemented, it would be of major benefit to the Argentine economy. Indeed, Argentina seems to have little choice but to turn in this direction if it is to achieve economic growth with external debt alleviation. And the urgency of such policy action has been heightened by Argentina's terms of trade loss. It has been one of the economies hardest hit by the distortion of world agricultural markets. For these reasons this Chair supports the loan. I have to say, though, with some hesitancy, based on Argentina's very uneven economic policy record, that this raises a question about the government's ability to sustain desirable policy changes. In this regard, the trade policy reforms cannot be viewed in isolation. Accompanying structural reforms will help determine the effectiveness of the trade policy reforms while the pursuit of macroeconomic stabiliza­ tion policies will be an important determinant of the sustainability of the trade policy reforms. The government MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah47 47 will need to be committed to policy changes in all these areas, and it is appropriate that the continuation of stabilization policies will be a condition for the release of the second tranche of this loan. Even after this package of trade liberalization measures is implemented, substantial trade distortions will remain. A second-stage trade policy loan is foreshadowed. This gradual approach is a defensible strategy, but clearly, Argentina's commitment to policy reform under the current program will determine whether a second loan is possible. Finally, Mr. Chairman, the course that Argentina is embarking upon involves a 180-degree shift from the policies of the past, and we wish the Argentine authorities well as it works towards an outward economic orientation. Thank you. MR. CONABLE: Thank you, Mr. Carling. Mr. Draghi? MR. DRAGHI: We wish to express our strong support for this trade policy loan to Argentina. We fully share the objectives of the program and welcome the adoption of an outward-looking strategy to improve export competitiveness and to increase the efficiency of the Argentine industry. This Bank loan is the right complement to the MILLER REPORTING CO., INC. 507 C Street, N .E. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-6666 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ah48 48 successes of Argentina's government in dealing with the extremely difficult economic situation, and the macroeconomic indicators speak quite clearly. Differently from other countries of the area, between '83 and '86, the debt service to export ratio has decreased from 134 percent to 76 percent. The debt service to GDP ratio has likewise decreased from 20 to about 9 percent in the same period of time. The adjustment effort has been massive, with great sacrifice of investment expenditure and an impressive reduction in the budget deficit. We believe that this loan constitutes a fundamental stage in the collaboration between the Argentine government and the Bank which can play a key role in the country's economic recovery and future development, and we are strongly in favor of further lending to support Argentina's efforts to achieve sustained and satisfactory rates of economic growth. However, we would like to make some specific observations on the project. The first is on the social impact; the second, on procurement ; the third, on the conditions for the release of the second tranche; the fourth, on the medium-term framework.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Office of Personnel Management (Opm)
    Friday April 25, 1997 Part XXXVI Office of Personnel Management Semiannual Regulatory Agenda federal register 22499 VerDate 14-MAR-97 10:08 Apr 25, 1997 Jkt 173997 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\ADV88.034 25ap34 22500 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 80 / Friday, April 25, 1997 / Unified Agenda OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (OPM) OPM OFFICE OF PERSONNEL SUMMARY: The following Office of binding obligation on the Office of MANAGEMENT Personnel Management (OPM) Personnel Management with regard to regulations are scheduled for any specific item on the agenda. 5 CFR Ch. I development or review from April 1, Additional regulatory action is not 1997, through March 31, 1998. This precluded. agenda carries out OPM's Semiannual Regulatory Agenda responsibilities to publish a semiannual FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: AGENCY: Office of Personnel agenda under E.O. 12866 ``Regulatory Jacquline D. Carter, (202) 606-1973. Management. Planning and Review'' and the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. Office of Personnel Management. ACTION: Semiannual regulatory agenda. chapter 6). This publication in the James B. King, Federal Register does not impose a Director. Prerule Stage Sequence Regulation Title Identifier Number Number 3646 Availability of Official Information ................................................................................................................................... 3206-AG92 Proposed Rule Stage Regulation Sequence Title Identifier Number Number 3647 Appointment of Noncitizens in the Excepted Service ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Athens County Communities
    51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 C GM JOHNSON C GM JOHNSON D HILL-BUCHTEL RD y R ODNR RD Sunda 33 W L O CARBON L A L U D O E H R A E B A K OLD A AR 278 DU SW O WATERWORKS HILL RD M C RD A P N K S RD BUCHTEL T-624A R D 13 T-622 D HOCKING COUNTY D KL 78 R Creek N A EY T N 31 E D O DR S T-35 O W HOCKING COUNTY R T N ILLIAMS ST ATHENS COUNTY W S H S U O Y J RD GLOUSTER CEMETERY O Sunday ATHENS COUNTY C J DEW T BUCHTEL UNITED H A 5 O EDWARDS ST CEMETERY S CEMETERY T-315 M 7 H K METHODIST CHURCH R 6 A O M C N I K D R W R R D E E M Y R AMO N D E O E I I CONNER M D o W D W E L E V n N P ST S O T-567 FRANK ST R T BESSEMER RDELM ST S L F d A B L ELM T B S A N T B T RD R K a W LOVE T T O A S y M V r E A S V ANKLI T R N T-675 I F S a 78 Y T-22 A T-1276 T SYCAMORE ST A R O A PINE ST EA T-1276 R n O D T L IETTA c L GROVER DOVER T P 685 h A WHITMORE T-22 S K GROVER ST T Nelsonville LID E AV EUC A D D FAIRVIEWSCOS V GROVE DR ST VERITY ST FR-3 u A V R D - York n COLLEGE ST RD L A O P E d E N I R DOVER VILLAGE OF GLOUSTER a G N CROSS ST y S R E E DR BUCHTEL MOUND R LAN Nelsonville - York H Buchtel MAYOR’S C R W O O D Park DIAMOND O AV r ST U V E Nelsonville Community OFFICE IO E E H T N Park C O D Y 33B BRICK RD R T-22A S R E C W ST D T K TWELFTH ST DR ST BUCK E E S YE WATERLOO r C B BUCHTEL e A D APARTMENTS N EARL ST OAK ST OAK MILL ST Wayne National Forest TRIMBLSYLVANIAE AV BROAD T-1305 U K PINE GROVE PINE H C e C ELIZABETH MT ST MARY DR B ST MARY OF RD T EMBRY ST GLOUSTER FORT ST FORT k ADAMS
    [Show full text]
  • 1St IRF Asia Regional Congress & Exhibition
    1st IRF Asia Regional Congress & Exhibition Bali, Indonesia November 17–19 , 2014 For Professionals. By Professionals. "Building the Trans-Asia Highway" Bali’s Mandara toll road Executive Summary International Road Federation Better Roads. Better World. 1 International Road Federation | Washington, D.C. ogether with the Ministry of Public Works Indonesia, we chose the theme “Building the Trans-Asia Highway” to bring new emphasis to a visionary project Tthat traces its roots back to 1959. This Congress brought the region’s stakeholders together to identify new and innovative resources to bridge the current financing gap, while also sharing case studies, best practices and new technologies that can all contribute to making the Trans-Asia Highway a reality. This Congress was a direct result of the IRF’s strategic vision to become the world’s leading industry knowledge platform to help countries everywhere progress towards safer, cleaner, more resilient and better connected transportation systems. The Congress was also a reflection of Indonesia’s rising global stature. Already the largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia aims to be one of world’s leading economies, an achievement that will require the continued development of not just its own transportation network, but also that of its neighbors. Thank you for joining us in Bali for this landmark regional event. H.E. Eng. Abdullah A. Al-Mogbel IRF Chairman Minister of Transport, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Indonesia Hosts the Region’s Premier Transportation Meeting Indonesia was the proud host to the 1st IRF Asia Regional Congress & Exhibition, a regional gathering of more than 700 transportation professionals from 52 countries — including Ministers, senior national and local government officials, academics, civil society organizations and industry leaders.
    [Show full text]
  • University of South Florida at Tampa Student Government Statutes
    University of South Florida at Tampa Student Government Statutes Statutes updated and certified accurate on 1/10/2018 Page 1 of 171 Pro Tempore Yusef Shafiq, YS Table of Contents Commented [AH1]: New University of South Florida at Tampa Student Government Statutes ................................................... 1 Title 1 System of SG Statutes ................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 100 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 101 Amendments ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 102 Symbols ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 103 Acronyms and Terms ........................................................................................................................... 10 Title 2 Membership Procedures ...........................................................................................................12 Chapter 200 Membership............................................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 201 Code of Ethics ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Auction 14A Final Draft.Vp
    OUR STAFF Stephen Album Paul Montz Director of Islamic & Early Indian Numismatics Director of World Coins Steve has been serving the Paul joined the staff in January numismatic community since 2011. He attended UC Davis 1960. In 1976 he began dealing from 1975-80, earning bachelor's nearly exclusively in Islamic and and master's degrees in Indian coins. He has authored Agricultural Science & several books including the Management and Agronomy, Catalogue of California Trade respectively. He began working Tokens, Volumes I & II in 1972 in the numismatic field in the and 1974 respectively. 1977 saw 1970's. In 1981, he founded the release of his complete rewrite of Marsden's Olde World Numismatics in Chico, CA, a business he Numismata Orientalia Illustrata, a guide to Islamic ran for 30 years, focusing on A-Z world coins, before and Oriental coins with values. In 1993 he published merging with Stephen Album Rare Coins. He has put A Checklist of Islamic Coins, which now in its second out price lists for many years and has been a fixture edition is the standard for collectors of Islamic coins. at major shows since the 1980's. Paul is a life Mr. Album is currently a senior fellow at the member of the American Numismatic Association Worcester College, Oxford, England, and in this and is a member of other organizations. He has been position has authored three of the ten volumes of the a contributing editor for the Standard Catalog of Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean (Museum) World Coins since 1998. Paul brings experience in beginning in 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Road Upgrading to Overland Trade in Asian Highway Network Ziyodullo PARPIEV ∗ Jamshid SODIKOV **
    Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics 2008, 1 (2), 85-101. The Effect of Road Upgrading to Overland Trade in Asian Highway Network Ziyodullo PARPIEV ∗ Jamshid SODIKOV ** Abstract This paper investigates an impact of road upgrading and improvement on overland trade in 18 out of 32 Asian Highway Network member countries. A regression based cost model was developed. The results indicate that approximately 6.5 billion US dollars is required to upgrade and improve surface condition of the selected roads with total length of 15,842 km. The gravity model approach was adopted to quantitatively evaluate overland trade expansion assuming pessimistic and optimistic scenarios: improvements in road quality indices up to 50 and up to 75, respectively. The results suggests that in the first scenario total intra-regional trade will increase by about 20 percent or 48.7 billion US dollars annually, while second scenario predicts that trade will increase by about 35 percent or 89.5 billion US dollars annually. Keywords: Asian Highway Network, road transport, gravity model. Jel Classification: F12, F15, F17. ∗ Advisor-Economist, UNDP Uzbekistan Country Office, Email: [email protected] ** Chief Engineer, Road Research Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of organizations the authors are associated with. Ziyodullo PARPIEV & Jamshid SODIKOV 1. Introduction In 1992, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) endorsed the Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project comprising of the Asian Highway and the Trans-Asian Railway network. The formalization of the Asian Highway, through the Intergovernmental Agreement on Asian Highway Network (AHN), was adopted in November 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Together Articulates a Number of Proposals That Can Help the Region Exploit Its Huge Untapped Potential for Regional Economic Integration
    i Photo by Warren Field ii FOREWORD For the global economy, these are difficult times. The world is emerging from a crisis whose aftershocks continue to resonate – trapping some of the richest economies in recession and shaking the foundations of one of the world’s major currencies. Here at ESCAP, there are historical echoes. What is now the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific was founded more than 60 years ago – also in the aftermath of a global crisis. The countries of Asia and the Pacific established their new Commission partly to assist them in rebuilding their economies as they came out of the yoke of colonialism and the Second World War. The newly established ECAFE, as ESCAP was called then, held a ministerial conference on regional economic cooperation in 1963 that resolved to set up the Asian Development Bank with the aim of assisting the countries in the region in rebuilding their economies. Fifty years later, the Asia-Pacific region is again at a crossroads, on this occasion seeking ways and means to sustain its dynamism in a dramatically changed global context in the aftermath of a global financial and economic crisis. An important change is the fact that, burdened by huge debts and global imbalances, the advanced economies of the West are no longer able to play the role of engines of growth for the Asia-Pacific region that they played in the past. Hence, the Asia-Pacific region has to look for new engines of growth. The secretariat of ESCAP has argued over the past few years that regional developmental challenges, such as poverty and wide disparities in social and physical infrastructure, can be turned into opportunities for sustaining growth in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Highway Handbook
    ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ASIAN HIGHWAY HANDBOOK UNITED NATIONS New York, 2003 ST/ESCAP/2303 The Asian Highway Handbook was prepared under the direction of the Transport and Tourism Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. The team of staff members of the Transport and Tourism Division who prepared the Handbook comprised: Fuyo Jenny Yamamoto, Tetsuo Miyairi, Madan B. Regmi, John R. Moon and Barry Cable. Inputs for the tourism- related parts were provided by an external consultant: Imtiaz Muqbil. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been issued without formal editing. CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION TO THE ASIAN HIGHWAY………………. 1 1. Concept of the Asian Highway Network……………………………… 1 2. Identifying the Network………………………………………………. 2 3. Current status of the Asian Highway………………………………….. 3 4. Formalization of the Asian Highway Network……………………….. 7 5. Promotion of the Asian Highway……………………………………... 9 6. A Vision of the Future………………………………………………… 10 II. ASIAN HIGHWAY ROUTES IN MEMBER COUNTRIES…... 16 1. Afghanistan……………………………………………………………. 16 2. Armenia……………………………………………………………….. 19 3. Azerbaijan……………………………………………………………... 21 4. Bangladesh……………………………………………………………. 23 5. Bhutan…………………………………………………………………. 27 6. Cambodia……………………………………………………………… 29 7. China…………………………………………………………………... 32 8. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea……………………………… 36 9. Georgia………………………………………………………………... 38 10. India…………………………………………………………………… 41 11. Indonesia………………………………………………………………. 45 12. Islamic Republic of Iran………………………………………………. 49 13 Japan…………………………………………………………………..
    [Show full text]
  • ASIAN HIGHWAY ROUTE MAP 500 Km
    40° E 60° E 80° E 100° E 120° E 140° E 500 Km. Vyborg Torpynovka 60° N St. Petersburg ASIAN HIGHWAY ROUTE MAP 500 Km. 60° N RUSSIAN FEDERATION AH8 Yekaterinburg AH7 AH6 Moscow AH6 AH6 Krasnoyarsk AH6 Ufa Petuhovo AH6 Chelyabinsk E30 Chistoe Isilkul AH6 Omsk Novosibirsk E30 AH60 Krasnoe Petropavlovsk Karakuga E30 AH4 AH8 Troisk AH6 Samara Cherlak E119 Kaerak AH7 AH62 Pnirtyshskoe E30 Kostanai AH64 Barnaul AH30 E123 Kokshetau AH60 AH30 E125 AH63 E127 Tambov E121 Pavlodar AH64 Irkutsk Ulan-Ude Borysoglebsk Saratov Kurlin AH7 AH64 Chita Kursk AH61 Pogodaevo AH60 AH6 Ozinki AH64 (AH64) AH6 E38 Shiderty (AH67) AH3 AH61 Voronezh Ural'sk AH62 Astana E127 Veseloyarskyj AH4 AH6 Krupets Kamenka AH7 (AH67) Belogorsk E38 AH8 Zhaisan E123 Krasny Aul E119 E125 Kyahta AH61 Arkalyk AH67 Semipalatinsk Heihe AH63 Altanbulag Zabaykalsk Blagoveshchensk E38 Aktobe Karabutak Karaganda AH60 E121 Tashanta (AH67) Ulaanbaishint Darkhan Georgievka AH3 Manzhouli AH30 Volgograd AH61 AH4 AH6 Donetsk AH70 E38 AH67 Khabarovsk AH32 E40 E40 AH60 (AH67) Ulaanbaatar Nalayh AH8 AH7 Hovd AH32 Sumber Arshan E119 Zhezkazgan AH32 Qiqihar AH31 Tongjiang (AH70) Atyrau AH63 E125 Taskesken Choybalsan (AH70) KAZAKHSTAN Uliastay Kotyaevka AH70 E105 Numrug Port of Odessa E40 Aralsk Baketu Ondorhaan AH62 Bakhty AH35 AH33 Astrakhan E121 E123 AH67 Takeshkan Choir Ucharal AH3 AH32 E40 AH68 MONGOLIA Yarantai Harbin AH30 Beyneu E014 Dostyk Bichigt E119 Kyzylorda AH60 AH8 Burubaital Alatawshankou AH4 E40 AH35 Daut-ota Saynshand AH6 AH60 AH5 AH31 Pogranichny AH70 AH5 Port of Constantza 500
    [Show full text]
  • Pub 2424 Fulltext 0.Pdf
    ESCAP is the regional development arm of the United Nations and serves as the main economic and social development centre for the United Nations in Asia and the Pacific. Its mandate is to foster cooperation between its 53 members and 9 associate members. ESCAP provides the strategic link between global and country-level programmes and issues. It supports Governments of the region in consolidating regional positions and advocates regional approaches to meeting the region’s unique socio-economic challenges in a globalizing world. The ESCAP office is located in Bangkok, Thailand. Please visit our website at www.unescap.org for further information. The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Priority Investment Needs for the Development of the Asian Highway Network United Nations New York, 2006 ST/ESCAP/2424 This publication was prepared under the direction of the Transport and Tourism Division of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Inputs related to priority investment needs and projects were provided by national experts and representatives of member countries at three subregional expert group meetings. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been issued without formal editing. ii CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 I. STATUS OF THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Capital Approaches for Sustainable Development
    Natural Capital Approaches for Sustainable Development Emily McKenzie Chief Adviser, Economics and Sustainability © Anton Vorauer / WWF Outline 1. Natural capital and the SDGs 2. The case of Myanmar 3. What tools are available? 4. Natural capital in business decisions 2 27-Jun-17 1 Natural Capital and the SDGs © BRANDON COLE/WWW.NATUREPL.COM 2 5 27-Jun-17 © Azote Images for Stockholm Resilience Centre 6 What is natural capital? Natural Capital is the stock of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, (e.g. plants, animals, air, water, soils, minerals) that combine to yield a flow of benefits to people Food, fuel, fiber Climate Pollination regulation Coastal Clean protection water Spiritual Fulfilment 7 27-Jun-17 8 Multiple forms of capital Financial capital Manufactured capital Intellectual Human capital capital Social and relationship capital Natural capital <IR> capitals framework 9 10 11 12 13 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment • 60% of ecosystem services are being degraded or used unsustainably • Degradation of ecosystem services causes significant harm to human well-being 14 27-Jun-17 © Christy Williams / WWF Sustainable Securing Sustainable, Standards for Safe, Resilient Development Freshwater Livable Cities the Private Coastal Planning Sector Communities Working together to account for nature’s values, toward shared outcomes THEORY OF CHANGE Robust evidence of Build and tell Create user-friendly conditions for success stories, approaches & tools success engage leaders Get information about natural capital into decisions Make decisions
    [Show full text]
  • University of Minnesota , Minutes
    Year 1965-66 No. 10 UNIVERSITYOF MINNESOTA , BOARD OF REGENTS MINUTES March 11, 1966 A meeting of the Board of Regents was held in the Regents' Room, Morrill Hall on Friday, March 11, 1966, at 9:30 a.m. Present: Regent Mayo presiding; Regents Gainey, Hartl, Hess, Hughes, Montague, Rauenhorst, and Silha; and President Wilson. Absent: Regents Grottum, Howard, Malkerson and Skyberg. APPROVAL OF MINUTES Voted to approve the minutes of the following meeti~gs: Draft of the Minutes for the meeting of February 11, 1966 AMENDMENT OF MINUTES Voted to approve the following amendment of minutes: September 17, 1965, Donald B Lawrence Professor Botany on leave of absence without salary for the spring quarter of 1965-66 to prepare manu- scripts on Alaskan research and to present lectures at Rutgers University to be canceled (to remain on campus for research and writing and to guide and instruct graduate students in the conduct of their research) PERSONNEL CHANGES Voted to approve the following personnel changes: Retirements Arthur H Bulbulian as Associate Professor Emeritus Medical Education Mayo Foundation effective December 31, 1965 Roy E Sauter Experimental Plot Supervisor Fruit Breeding Farm to retire on State Employees Retirement and Old Age Survivors and Disability Insurance effective March 2, 1966 Bruce B Clifton Building Caretaker Food Stores to retire on State Emnlovees- Retirement and Old Aae- Survivors and Disabilitv Insurance effe'cti;e March 7, 1966 Auguat Oltmann Creamery Worker hlilk and Cream Department to retire on State Employees Retirement
    [Show full text]