Chronicle | Fall 2015 Issue 26 | December 2015 Chronicle | Fall 2015
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US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7 256 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCE ARCHIVES Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. Abilene James Earl Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta United Nations Archives and Record Management, New York City The British National Archives, Kew Central Intelligence Agency Freedom of Information Archives, Online Department of State Freedom of Information ‘Released Documents’ Archive, Online PUBLISHED INTERVIEWS Interview with Fawaaz Traboulsi by Lynn Barbee, Published in MERIP Reports, No.61, October 1970, pp.3–5. Interview with Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah by Mahmoud Soueid, Published in Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol.25, No.1, 1995. Interview with Yusif al-Haytham, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Published in MERIP Reports, No. 44 February 1976. Speech given by Fawwaz Traboulsi and Assaf Kfoury ‘Lebanon on the Brink’ Lebanese American University, 18 January 2007. Interview with Prince Farid Chehab, Former Director of Public Security, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. © The Author(s) 2017 255 C. Varady, US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7 256 BIBLIOGRAPHY Interview with Adel Osseiran, President of the Council of Representatives, Lebanon, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Said Akl, Lebanese Writer and Political Poet, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Anbara Salam al Khalidi, Conducted by Laila Rostom, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Raymond Edde, Former Lebanese Presidential Candidate and Former State Ministers, Jan 25 1970, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. -
Militia Politics
INTRODUCTION Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin Dissertation MILITIA POLITICS THE FORMATION AND ORGANISATION OF IRREGULAR ARMED FORCES IN SUDAN (1985-2001) AND LEBANON (1975-1991) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil) Philosophische Fakultät III der Humbold – Universität zu Berlin (M.A. B.A.) Jago Salmon; 9 Juli 1978; Canberra, Australia Dekan: Prof. Dr. Gert-Joachim Glaeßner Gutachter: 1. Dr. Klaus Schlichte 2. Prof. Joel Migdal Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 18.07.2006 INTRODUCTION You have to know that there are two kinds of captain praised. One is those who have done great things with an army ordered by its own natural discipline, as were the greater part of Roman citizens and others who have guided armies. These have had no other trouble than to keep them good and see to guiding them securely. The other is those who not only have had to overcome the enemy, but, before they arrive at that, have been necessitated to make their army good and well ordered. These without doubt merit much more praise… Niccolò Machiavelli, The Art of War (2003, 161) INTRODUCTION Abstract This thesis provides an analysis of the organizational politics of state supporting armed groups, and demonstrates how group cohesion and institutionalization impact on the patterns of violence witnessed within civil wars. Using an historical comparative method, strategies of leadership control are examined in the processes of organizational evolution of the Popular Defence Forces, an Islamist Nationalist militia, and the allied Lebanese Forces, a Christian Nationalist militia. The first group was a centrally coordinated network of irregular forces which fielded ill-disciplined and semi-autonomous military units, and was responsible for severe war crimes. -
Awardee: Emily Nasrallah Writer, Lebanon
Awardee: Emily Nasrallah Writer, Lebanon Emily Nasrallah is one of the most well-known writers in the Arab world. In her works written for adults and children, she has found a poetic language to describe everyday life in war-torn Lebanon. In this way, she has contributed over the years to reconciliation between the different populations in Lebanon. Besides war, her main themes are the life of village women and migration. Her first novel, Birds of September (1962), is not only read regularly in Lebanon’s schools today, but is also considered a classic of Arabic literature. Born in 1931, Emily Nasrallah grew up in a Christian family in a village in southern Lebanon. After studying education at the American University in Beirut, she worked as a teacher, then as a journalist and freelance writer. In 1962, her debut novel, Touyour Ayloul (Birds of September), was published and went on to receive three Arabic literary awards. In addition to novels, essays and short stories for adults, Nasrallah has also published seven children’s books. Her writings’ mainly focus on village life in Lebanon, women’s emancipation efforts, identity issues in the Lebanese civil war and migration. Many of her books have been translated into other languages, including English, Spanish, Dutch, Finnish, Thai and German. Although her home and possessions were destroyed in various bomb attacks during the Lebanese civil war, Nasrallah refused to go into exile. Together with a group of female writers, described as the “Beirut Decentrists”, the mother of four remained in Beirut, where she still lives today. -
Lebanese Reconciliation Through Youth Graffiti Art
Murals for Hope: Lebanese Reconciliation through Youth Graffiti Art By © 2017 Katelyn M. Bronell B.A, Marquette University, 2015 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Global and International Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Chair: Marike Janzen Erik R. Scott F. Michael Wuthrich Date Defended: 30 November 2017 ii The thesis committee for Katelyn M. Bronell certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Murals for Hope: Lebanese Reconciliation through Youth Graffiti Art Chair: Marike Janzen Date Approved: 13 December 2017 iii Abstract Lebanese history contains both violence and sectarian tension which permeates Lebanese society and hinders reconciliation for the many ethnic groups in the country. Although the older generation lives with the memories of the civil war, the younger generation has instead developed memories of the war with perspectives that normalize both the social tension and lingering past stories. However, these negative perspectives are transmuted as the younger Lebanese generation reflects their hopes and dreams of the world through the public domain using graffiti as a medium. Although criminalized globally in the past, graffiti art has the potential to repaint walls of society with opinions and art, especially in the Middle East. This textual analysis paper examines the graffiti artwork of five young Lebanese artists, who did not experience the civil war, but grew up in its aftermath and whose perspective add the religious and social aspects needed to authenticate a reconciliation narrative. Using theoretical discussion of both reconciliation and of Ricœur’s hermeneutic phenomenology one can interpret the Lebanese narratives of reconciliation through the images of acknowledgment and acceptance of a collective past, the image of reparation of destroyed relationships through similar cultural symbols, and a commitment to a future of coexistence and peace. -
The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948
The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948 Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Ilan Troen, Graduate Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree by Scott Abramson February 2012 Acknowledgements I cannot omit the expression of my deepest gratitude to my defense committee, the formidable triumvirate of Professors Troen, Makiya, and Salameh. To register my admiration for these scholars would be to court extravagance (and deplete a printer cartridge), so I shall have to limit myself to this brief tribute of heartfelt thanks. ii ABSTRACT The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948 A thesis presented to the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Scott Abramson Much of the historiography on the intercourse between Palestinian Jews and Lebanese Maronites concerns only the two peoples’ relations in the seventies and eighties. This thesis, in contrast, attempts a departure from this scholarship, joining the handful of other works that chart the history of the Zionist-Maronite relationship in its earliest incarnation. From its inception to its abeyance beginning in 1948, this almost thirty-year relationship was marked by a search of a formal alliance. This thesis, by presenting a panoptical survey of early Zionist-Maronite relations, explores the many dimensions of this pursuit. It details the Zionists and Maronites’ numerous commonalities that made an alliance desirable and apparently possible; it profiles the specific elements among the Zionists and Maronites who sought an entente; it examines each of the measures the two peoples took to this end; and it analyzes why this protracted pursuit ultimately failed. -
English Version
Be whoever you want to be. But also let others CONTENTS be whoever they want to be. By respecting others, don’t you expect them to respect your THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE choices? Isn’t life, with its burdens and changes, nothing but a succession of choices? The more we try, the richer we become. The harder we work, the more we go forward. The more our opinions converge and diverge, the more we build our common redemption. Being what you want to be is your right. And it is also your right to draw to your side ACADEMIC AFFAIRS anybody else, but not by any means… and above all not by Machiavellian means. 3 Visit to USA and Canada See yourself in the other; the black bull knew 5 Mr. Amine Moussa of NDU: Success at Arab his turn was coming when he saw the white Conference on Information Technology,Tunisia bull killed by the lion. 6 IEEE Lebanon: Dr. Elias Nassar elected Chairman Editorial Staff 7 Common Platforms for Bridging Cultures – Panel Discussion April 2009 | issue 45 NDU Spirit A periodical about ACADEMIC AND STUDENT ACTIVITIES campus life at Notre Dame University - Louaïze. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 8 Alumni Awards 2008 WEERC 13 2nd Beirut Water Week Telefax: (09) 214205 LERC Email: [email protected] 17 German Government: LERC Affiliate’s Paper www.ndu.edu.lb/newsandevents/nduspirit 17 IF and LIBC Officials’ Visit 18 Visiting Malta Professor 18 Japanese Scholars Visit LERC 19 Prominent Nigerian Artist Invited 20 LERC Agreement with Relief International FAAD | Editor-in-Chief 21 Said Akl Award Georges Mghames 22 FAAD Exhibition – Fay Kazzi FBA&E | English Editor 26 Sustainable Tourism Exhibition Kenneth Mortimer FE 27 Students Test Nahr El Kalb Water Quality | Reporting 28 ESRI Award for Bernadette Dabbak Ghada Mouawad FH | Arabic Typing (For Dr. -
Club of Rome Ran the Beirut Massacre
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 9, Number 39, October 12, 1982 behind other names and other institutions. At the core of the Club's Mideast deployments is the Kaslik group of Maronite priests led by Father Mouhannes, Father Boulos Naamann, Sherbel Kassis, and others. The Kaslik group aims at remodeling Lebanon into a "Phoenicia" whose inhabitants would be "pure-blooded" descendants of the Aramaics. Its "chivalric" military order is the Order of the Guardian of the Cedars. Club of Rome ran the The August 1976 massacre of Tel al-Zaatar in Beirut, conducted by Bashir Gemayel's Falangists, was directed by Kaslik leader Father Sherbel Kassis, a member of the Order. Beirut massacre Only a quick retreat into monastic obscurity saved Sherbel Kassis from excommunication by Pope Paul VI. For Kassis and his collaborators, the Christian religion is nothing but a by Thierry Lalevee, Middle East Editor cover; coherentwith their vision of "Phoenicia," the godthey worship is the ancient Tyrean Baal (see EIR. Oct. 5). They The massacre in Beirut of more than 1000 Palestinian men, control most of the drug production in Lebanon, and own women and children on Sept. 16-17 was not the result of an huge pieces of real estate as far away as Brazil. uncontrolled move to avenge the assassination of President The Falange and other forces are the extension of these elect BashirGemayei. It was a cold-blooded operationplanned priests, who in the 1930s gave their approval, and funding, by leaders of the Israeli-controlled militias of Major Sadam to PierreGemayel' s establishment of his Kataeb Party, as the Haddad and secondary leaders of Amin Gemayel's Falangist Falangists are known. -
Charles Corm
100 years ago: CHARLES CORM A man of culture, who used a car to establish a country Introduction Built on the slopes of Mount Lebanon, the port city of Beirut has a history dating from prehistoric times, through the Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Islamic and Ottoman periods, primarily as a trading and cultural centre. Under the French mandate in the 1920s, Beirut was known as the ‘Paris of the Middle East’. It was also a major trading gateway, including to Iran. In 1925, a budding Iranian business entrepreneur, Habib Sabet, visited Beirut and expressed “unprecedented excitement” at the sight of such a thriving environment. After a few days, he decided to buy a car, specifically a Ford. Visiting the local dealer, Sabet recalled he was a “respectable and well-mannered poet and scholar, very elegantly dressed, always wearing beige silk shirts and high-quality suits”. Sabet drove the car, a Model T, to Haifa then to Teheran, selling it for twice the purchase price. Not surprisingly, he repeated this exercise a number of times. Habib Sabet credited the Ford dealer as the source of inspiration for his business, one which turned him into a billionaire and one of Iran’s richest men. But who was this Ford dealer described as a poet and scholar? He was Charles Corm, born in 1894, the son of a very famous Lebanese artist who trained at the Rome Academy. Daoud Corm, famous artist and Charles’ father, painting Pope Pius IX The eldest son of Daoud Corm, Charles attended a top university in Beirut run by the Jesuits. -
Arabic Dialect Identification
Arabic Dialect Identification ∗ Omar F. Zaidan Microsoft Research ∗∗ Chris Callison-Burch University of Pennsylvania The written form of the Arabic language, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), differs in a non- trivial manner from the various spoken regional dialects of Arabic—the true “native languages” of Arabic speakers. Those dialects, in turn, differ quite a bit from each other. However, due to MSA’s prevalence in written form, almost all Arabic data sets have predominantly MSA content. In this article, we describe the creation of a novel Arabic resource with dialect annotations. We have created a large monolingual data set rich in dialectal Arabic content called the Arabic On- line Commentary Data set (Zaidan and Callison-Burch 2011). We describe our annotation effort to identify the dialect level (and dialect itself) in each of more than 100,000 sentences from the data set by crowdsourcing the annotation task, and delve into interesting annotator behaviors (like over-identification of one’s own dialect). Using this new annotated data set, we consider the task of Arabic dialect identification: Given the word sequence forming an Arabic sentence, determine the variety of Arabic in which it is written. We use the data to train and evaluate automatic classifiers for dialect identification, and establish that classifiers using dialectal data significantly and dramatically outperform baselines that use MSA-only data, achieving near- human classification accuracy. Finally, we apply our classifiers to discover dialectical data from a large Web crawl consisting of 3.5 million pages mined from on-line Arabic newspapers. 1. Introduction The Arabic language is a loose term that refers to the many existing varieties of Arabic. -
Pierre Sadek
Pierre Sadek Picturing History 8 February – 30 April 2018 In partnership with: Pierre Sadek Foundation With the support of: touch Media partner: LBCI Exhibition design: Karim Bekdache Studio Lighting: Joe Nacouzi Exhibition graphics: Mind the gap Translation: Lina Mounzer Booklet design: Mind the gap Printing: Byblos Printing Preferred wine partner: Château Marsyas Cover Pierre Sadek in his office inAl-’Amal newspaper, late 1970s Though rooted in a very specific world-historical era, Pierre Sadek’s work is timeless. It constitutes a meticulous record of the history of a region in political, existential, and violent turmoil, documenting the names, faces, and events that captured the world’s attention during a time of tumult. Sadek was a man of such few words he teetered on the abyss of silence; over the course of five decades, he devised a shorthand language which spoke directly to the conscience and unsettled the course of nations. His drawings illuminate events with flashes of brilliance, his sensitivity to people’s pain never dulling the sharpness of his outrage. The Sursock Museum and the Pierre Sadek Foundation are proud to present the first exhibition of Pierre Sadek’s work since his passing, collecting together some of the various subjects and themes he worked on over the course of a long career in both print and broadcast journalism, which spanned a period of time from the end of the 1950s until his death in 2013. The exhibition is intended as an exploratory journey into the work of an artist who created images that at times served to record history and some- times helped make it. -
New Graffiti Sub-Cultures of Beirut, Lebanon Jaime Alyss Holland University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2014 "Beirut Speaks": New Graffiti Sub-Cultures of Beirut, Lebanon Jaime Alyss Holland University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Holland, Jaime Alyss, ""Beirut Speaks": New Graffiti Sub-Cultures of Beirut, Lebanon" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 2269. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2269 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. “Beirut Speaks”: New Graffiti Sub-Cultures of Beirut, Lebanon “Beirut Speaks”: New Graffiti Sub-Cultures of Beirut, Lebanon A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Jaime A. Holland Arkansas State University Bachelor of Fine Arts in Graphic Design, 2010 May 2014 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dr. Ted Swedenburg Thesis Director Dr. Jonathan S. Marion Dr. Kirstin Erickson Committee Member Committee Member ABSTRACT Modern graffiti is an ever-present part of urban space. It has become globalized and has adapted to different environments and social contexts. Today in Beirut, Lebanon a phenomenal street art movement is infiltrating public space. This particular movement questions the common understandings that have constructed Western graffiti artists and graffiti culture for so long. A new group of street artists is working to make the art form more inclusive of Beirut’s many communities by writing messages that speak to the whole of Lebanon. -
CAN LEBANON SURVIVE?(U) MONTEREY CA POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 7AO-A084 4114 MARNAVAL 80 F M WNEK UNCLASSIFIED""IIII"III NL 0Z LEVEL
F/6 5/14 CAN LEBANON SURVIVE?(U) MONTEREY CA POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 7AO-A084 4114 MARNAVAL 80 F M WNEK UNCLASSIFIED""IIII"III NL 0z LEVEL NAVAL Monterey,POSTGRADUATE California SCHOOL it F:TIC MYAY 2O0 198 THESIS E--- 9an Lebanon Survive? by Francis itchellAnek MaroWb480 ' . Thesis Advisor: K. T. Said Approved for public resease; distribution unlimited ,r-Z 80 5 20 072 'i,<-9."..'>. / /I- - SE9CURUTV CLASSIVICATIO19 OF TMIS WAGIR (Ma Dims Eaee REPORTI DOJUMENTATIOM PAGE INTRJC1fQBA IMOR "U11100 4V C86"G.o ESOIM RVUPLZIAR 411n D -A 9I/ ____1___I 4. TITLE (~8440000a) S.-Ty16 OF REPORT a 11101110 COViEE Can Lebanon Survive? Master's Thesis; March 1980 6. *Smvtooge Oe. 49000T Mummase 7. Au THOOD~) S. CONTRACT ON GROOT MuUOCVOI Francis Mitchell Wnek 9.0110FOOMIwa @RGANSZAT.GW6 nmAe &aG AGGRESS to. 00UA a" LE1111T. 0 JET. T A" REuIT MirMU Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 II CfnMTMOLLINGO OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRUSS 12, REPORT GATS Naval Postgraduate School March 1980 Monterey, California 93940 IS.MUNGER OF PAGES 14. 00tiTORING AGIUNCV 160MS A0 95 1 flD400ES'vlIo~m o m C&m*t Clof*@* Is.SECURITY CLASS. (of1 o .mfe"i Naval Postgraduate School Ucasfe Monterey.- California 93940 UnclassIf4.-0 id/00a"l0 10. GISTRIGUTIOM6 STATIMENT (Of IS~l JRme") Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. OISTRIDUTION STATEMENT (&It&* oftertm @000fdtRI.Doob20 810M00Iew IN WO Approved for public release; distribution unlimited IS. SUPPL[EENTARYI NOrKS It. UKgy woROs (Cael"Veo "..w. aie## R&OO& aoom80metty W weekA nmAN) Lebanon, crisis, Arab-Israeli, Palestinian, civil war, socio-economic, legitimacy a0.