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US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7 256 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCE ARCHIVES Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. Abilene James Earl Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta United Nations Archives and Record Management, New York City The British National Archives, Kew Central Intelligence Agency Freedom of Information Archives, Online Department of State Freedom of Information ‘Released Documents’ Archive, Online PUBLISHED INTERVIEWS Interview with Fawaaz Traboulsi by Lynn Barbee, Published in MERIP Reports, No.61, October 1970, pp.3–5. Interview with Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah by Mahmoud Soueid, Published in Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol.25, No.1, 1995. Interview with Yusif al-Haytham, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Published in MERIP Reports, No. 44 February 1976. Speech given by Fawwaz Traboulsi and Assaf Kfoury ‘Lebanon on the Brink’ Lebanese American University, 18 January 2007. Interview with Prince Farid Chehab, Former Director of Public Security, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. © The Author(s) 2017 255 C. Varady, US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7 256 BIBLIOGRAPHY Interview with Adel Osseiran, President of the Council of Representatives, Lebanon, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Said Akl, Lebanese Writer and Political Poet, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Anbara Salam al Khalidi, Conducted by Laila Rostom, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. Interview with Raymond Edde, Former Lebanese Presidential Candidate and Former State Ministers, Jan 25 1970, Centre for Arab and Middle Eastern Studies, American University of Beirut, 2007. -
Zgharta Caza
Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Zgharta Caza Final Associated Consulting Engineers 1|P a g e Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Zgharta Caza TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................2 List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................6 List of Figures .........................................................................................................................7 List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................8 Executive Summary – Non-Technical Summary .........................................................................9 19 ................................................................................................... ملخص تنفيذي - موجز غير تقني 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 28 1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................... 28 1.2 Project Rationale ................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Report Objectives .................................................................................................. 29 1.4 Methodology ....................................................................................................... -
Lebanon: Background and US Policy
Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy name redacted Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs April 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R42816 Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy Summary Lebanon’s small geographic size and population belie the important role it has long played in the security, stability, and economy of the Levant and the broader Middle East. Congress and the executive branch have recognized Lebanon’s status as a venue for regional strategic competition and have engaged diplomatically, financially, and at times, militarily to influence events there. For most of its independent existence, Lebanon has been torn by periodic civil conflict and political battles between rival religious sects and ideological groups. External military intervention, occupation, and interference have exacerbated Lebanon’s political struggles in recent decades. Lebanon is an important factor in U.S. calculations regarding regional security, particularly regarding Israel and Iran. Congressional concerns have focused on the prominent role that Hezbollah, an Iran-backed Shia Muslim militia, political party, and U.S.-designated terrorist organization, continues to play in Lebanon and beyond, including its recent armed intervention in Syria. Congress has appropriated more than $1 billion since the end of the brief Israel-Hezbollah war of 2006 to support U.S. policies designed to extend Lebanese security forces’ control over the country and promote economic growth. The civil war in neighboring Syria is progressively destabilizing Lebanon. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, more than 1 million predominantly Sunni Syrian refugees have fled to Lebanon, equivalent to close to one-quarter of Lebanon’s population. -
Rapid Needs Assessment: January 2016
Building Alliances for Local Advancement, Development, and Investment – Capacity Building - BALADI CAP Honoring Partner Municipalities and تكريم البلديات Organizations ومنظمات Societyالمجتمع المدني Civilالشريكة تموز 2019 Beirut – Le Royal July 17, 2019 “THIS PUBLICATION IS MADE POSSIBLE WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THROUGH THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID). THE CONTENT OF THIS PUBLICATION IS THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR AND DOES NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE VIEWS OF USAID OR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.” 1 BALADI CAP Is a 14.9 Million USD program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and aiming to: • Create CSO networks and coalitions to bring national and local stakeholders together to achieve advocacy objectives; • Foster increased civic engagement in the conduct of municipal affairs; • Build municipal capacity to better respond to citizens’ needs and improve service delivery; and, • Provide capacity-building assistance to improve the financial management and governance systems of CSOs and ISOs. 2 We are gathered today to: • Honor (TAKREEM) 38 municipalities that have participated in the specialized municipal capacity building program; • Honor 78 municipalities that have participated in the general trainings on municipal management; • Honor 45 municipalities that have participated in advocacy-related projects implemented by networks and alliances of Civil Society Organizations; • Honor 3 national advocacy networks established under BALADI CAP and related to: solid waste management & protection of the environment, strengthening governance & accountability and protecting human rights; • Honor 51 organizations and foundations that have participated in the comprehensive CSO capacity building program; • Honor 5 municipal Service Providers that contributed to creating a market for municipal services; and, • Release 6 publications of BALADI CAP program. -
Militia Politics
INTRODUCTION Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin Dissertation MILITIA POLITICS THE FORMATION AND ORGANISATION OF IRREGULAR ARMED FORCES IN SUDAN (1985-2001) AND LEBANON (1975-1991) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil) Philosophische Fakultät III der Humbold – Universität zu Berlin (M.A. B.A.) Jago Salmon; 9 Juli 1978; Canberra, Australia Dekan: Prof. Dr. Gert-Joachim Glaeßner Gutachter: 1. Dr. Klaus Schlichte 2. Prof. Joel Migdal Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 18.07.2006 INTRODUCTION You have to know that there are two kinds of captain praised. One is those who have done great things with an army ordered by its own natural discipline, as were the greater part of Roman citizens and others who have guided armies. These have had no other trouble than to keep them good and see to guiding them securely. The other is those who not only have had to overcome the enemy, but, before they arrive at that, have been necessitated to make their army good and well ordered. These without doubt merit much more praise… Niccolò Machiavelli, The Art of War (2003, 161) INTRODUCTION Abstract This thesis provides an analysis of the organizational politics of state supporting armed groups, and demonstrates how group cohesion and institutionalization impact on the patterns of violence witnessed within civil wars. Using an historical comparative method, strategies of leadership control are examined in the processes of organizational evolution of the Popular Defence Forces, an Islamist Nationalist militia, and the allied Lebanese Forces, a Christian Nationalist militia. The first group was a centrally coordinated network of irregular forces which fielded ill-disciplined and semi-autonomous military units, and was responsible for severe war crimes. -
SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON North Governorate, Tripoli, Batroun, Bcharreh, El Koura, El Minieh-Dennieh, Zgharta Districts (T+5)
SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON North Governorate, Tripoli, Batroun, Bcharreh, El Koura, El Minieh-Dennieh, Zgharta Districts (T+5) Distribution of the Registered Syrian Refugees at the Cadastral Level As of 31 January 2015 Trablous Ez-Zahrieh Zouq Bhannine Rihaniyet-Miniye 2,610 3,769 8 Trablous El Hadid Tripoli + 5 Districts Trablous Er-Remmaneh 531 Total No. of Household Registered 43,391 Trablous En-Nouri Trablous et Tabbaneh Minie 54 6,404 17,610 Raouda-Aadoua Total No. of Individuals Registered 175,637 Trablous El-Qobbe 201 10,079 Merkebta Mina N 1 256 Mina N 3 Nabi Youcheaa 3,103 Deir Aammar 270 3,717 Borj El-YahoudHiyreaiqis Beddaoui 14 13 16,976 Mina N 2 Terbol-Miniye Mzraat Kefraya Mina Jardin 40 11 4,030 Qarhaiya Aasaymout Trablous Et-Tell Boussit 4 3,550 Aazqai Trablous jardins Hailan 204 Harf Es-Sayad Debaael 2,301 Mejdlaiya Zgharta 224 46 1 Qarne Aalma Kfar Chellane Btermaz Beit Haouik 3,464 730 132 42 Trablous El Mhatra 396 30 Miriata Aachach Mrah Es-Srayj Harf Es-Sayad Haouaret-Miniye Trablous El-Haddadine, El-Hadid, El-Mharta Tripoli Arde 2,094 17 152 Bakhaaoun 46 16 1,703 Trablous Ez-Zeitoun 628 18,633 Kfar Habou 2,613 Aardat Beit Zoud Trablous Es-Souayqa 576 tarane Qemmamine 85 4 Rachaaine 174 Sfire 457 Jayroun Ras Masqa 486 Kharroub-Miniye Kfar Bibnine 4,075 Tallet Zgharta Zgharta Haql el Aazime Mrah Es-Sfire 29 9 Danha 4 3,218 Kfardlaqous 52 13Qraine 135 2 Qattine-MiniyéAain Et-Tine-Miniyé 50 Hazmiyet-Miniye Mazraat Ajbeaa B83eit El-Faqs Aassoun Qarsaita Qalamoun Barsa Asnoun 184 Bkeftine Izal 2,417 192 3,755 796 Kfarhoura -
COMMUNION and LOVE Kreim Modern Printing Jounieh - Liban
COMMUNION AND LOVE Kreim Modern Printing Jounieh - Liban PATRIARCH OF ANTIOCH AND ALL THE EAST COMMUNION AND LOVE THE FIRST PASTORAL LETTER BY HIS BEATITUDE BECHARA BOUTROS RAI PATRIARCH OF ANTIOCH AND ALL THE EAST TO THE BISHOPS, CLERGY, RELIGIOUS TO ALL FAITHFUL, SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF OUR MARONITE CHURCH, AND ALL PEOPLE OF GOOD WILL. ON THE OCCASION OF THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF HIS INVESTITURE FEAST OF THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE VIRGIN MARY MARCH 25th 2012 BECHARA BOUTROS RAI BY THE GRACE OF GOD PATRIARCH OF ANTIOCH AND ALL THE EAST TO OUR BROTHERS BISHOPS, THE CLERGY, AND RELIGIOUS, TO OUR SONS AND DAUGHTERS IN THE MARONITE CHURCH TO ALL FAITHFUL, AND PEOPLE OF GOOD WILL. PEACE AND APOSTOLIC BLESSING INTRODUCTION 1. “Communion and Love” is the motto of my patriarchal ministry, which I chose the day I was elected as Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, with the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, by the Synod of Bishops of our Maronite Church headed by His Beatitude the Patriarch Mar Nasrallah Boutros Cardinal Sfeir, father and head of our Maronite Syriac Antiochian Church, on the morning of Tuesday March 15th, 2011. I drew this motto from the ambiance of prayer, brotherhood and renewal that dominated the Electoral Holy Synod, and from the need of our Lebanese, Eastern and Expansion societies for greater unity and love, I was as well, 5 inspired by the Synod of Bishops’ Special Assembly for the Middle East, held in Rome from October 10th till 24th, 2010 under the title “Communion and Testimony”. I proclaimed my motto during the thanksgiving prayer, which followed the electoral session in the presence of a large number of clergy and lay faithful who fled to the Patriarchal See as the announcement was heard. -
MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES Cilt Volume 6 • Sayı Number 2 • Ocak January 2015
Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi Journal of Politics and International Relations RTADOĞU ETÜTLERİ MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES Cilt Volume 6 • Sayı Number 2 • Ocak January 2015 • Syria’s Firestorm: Where from? Where to? William Harris • Hizballah’s Resilience During the Arab Uprisings Joseph Alagha Implications of the Arab Spring for Iran’s Policy towards the • Middle East Bayram Sinkaya Implications of the Arab Uprisings on the Islamist Movement: • Lessons from Ikhwan in Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan Nur Köprülü European Powers and the Naissance of Weak States in the • Arab Middle East After World War I 2 • Ocak Gudrun Harrer Unpredictable Power Broker: Russia’s Role in Iran’s Nuclear • Capability Development Muhammet Fatih Özkan & Gürol Baba • Israel and the Gas Resources of the Levant Basin A. Murat Ağdemir 6 • Sayı İranlı Kadınların Hatıratlarında İran-Irak Savaşı: Seyyide • Fiyatı: 12 TL Zehra Hoseyni’nin Da’sını Yorumlamak Metin Yüksel BOOK REVIEWS • The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World ORSAM Rümeysa Eldoğan ISSN: 1309-1557 ORSAM ORTADOĞU STRATEJİK ARAŞTIRMALAR MERKEZİ CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STRATEGIC STUDIES ORTADOĞU ETÜTLERİ MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi Journal of Politics and International Relations Ocak 2015, Cilt 6, Sayı 2 / January 2015, Volume 6, No 2 www.orsam.org.tr Hakemli Dergi / Refereed Journal Yılda iki kez yayımlanır / Published biannualy Sahibi / Owner: Şaban KARDAŞ, TOPAZ A.Ş. adına / on behalf of TOPAZ A.Ş. Editör / Editor-in-Chief: Özlem TÜR Yardımcı Editör/ Associate Editor: Ali Balcı Kitap Eleştirisi Editörü/ Book Review Editor: Gülriz Şen Yönetici Editör / Managing Editör: Tamer KOPARAN Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü / Managing Coordinator: Habib HÜRMÜZLÜ YAYIN KURULU / EDITORIAL BOARD Meliha Altunışık Middle East Technical University İlker Aytürk Bilkent Universitesi Recep Boztemur Middle East Technical University Katerina Dalacoura London School of Economics F. -
The EU, Resilience and the MENA Region
REGION ENA THE EU, RESILIENCE The EU Global Strategy outlines an ambitious set of objectives to refashion the EU’s foreign and security policy. Fostering state and AND THE MENA REGION societal resilience stands out as a major goal of the strategy, con- HE M T ceived both as a means to enhance prevention and early warning and as a long-term investment in good governance, stability and prosperity. This book collects the results of a research project designed and implemented by FEPS and IAI exploring different understandings of resilience on the basis of six MENA state and societal contexts, mapping out the challenges but also positive reform actors and dynamics within them as a first step towards operationalizing the concept of resilience. U, RESILIENCE AND E FEPS is the progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007, it aims at establishing an intellec- tual crossroad between social democracy and the European project. THE As a platform for ideas and dialogue, FEPS works in close collabora- tion with social democratic organizations, and in particular national foundations and think tanks across and beyond Europe, to tackle the challenges that we are facing today. FEPS inputs fresh thinking at the core of its action and serves as an instrument for pan-Euro- pean, intellectual political reflection. IAI is a private, independent non-profit think tank, founded in 1965 on the initiative of Altiero Spinelli. IAI seeks to promote awareness of international politics and to contribute to the advancement of European integration and multilateral cooperation. IAI is part of a vast international research network, and interacts and cooperates with the Italian government and its ministries, European and inter- national institutions, universities, major national economic actors, the media and the most authoritative international think tanks. -
Banks in Lebanon
932-933.qxd 14/01/2011 09:13 Õ Page 2 AL BAYAN BUSINESS GUIDE USEFUL NUMBERS Airport International Calls (100) Ports - Information (1) 628000-629065/6 Beirut (1) 580211/2/3/4/5/6 - 581400 - ADMINISTRATION (1) 629125/130 Internal Security Forces (112) Byblos (9) 540054 - Customs (1) 629160 Chika (6) 820101 National Defense (1701) (1702) Jounieh (9) 640038 Civil Defence (125) Saida (7) 752221 Tripoli (6) 600789 Complaints & Review (119) Ogero (1515) Tyr (7) 741596 Consumer Services Protection (1739) Police (160) Water Beirut (1) 386761/2 Red Cross (140) Dbaye (4) 542988- 543471 Electricity (145) (1707) Barouk (5) 554283 Telephone Repairs (113) Jounieh (9) 915055/6 Fire Department (175) Metn (1) 899416 Saida (7) 721271 General Security (1717) VAT (1710) Tripoli (6) 601276 Tyr (7) 740194 Information (120) Weather (1718) Zahle (8) 800235/722 ASSOCIATIONS, SYNDICATES & OTHER ORGANIZATIONS - MARBLE AND CEMENT (1)331220 KESRWAN (9)926135 BEIRUT - PAPER & PACKAGING (1)443106 NORTH METN (4)926072-920414 - PHARMACIES (1)425651-426041 - ACCOUNTANTS (1)616013/131- (3)366161 SOUTH METN (5)436766 - PLASTIC PRODUCERS (1)434126 - ACTORS (1)383407 - LAWYERS - PORT EMPLOYEES (1) 581284 - ADVERTISING (1)894545 - PRESS (1)865519-800351 ALEY (5)554278 - AUDITOR (1)322075 BAABDA (5)920616-924183 - ARTIST (1)383401 - R.D.C.L. (BUSINESSMEN) (1)320450 DAIR AL KAMAR (5)510244 - BANKS (1)970500 - READY WEAR (3)879707-(3)236999 - CARS DRIVERS (1)300448 - RESTAURANTS & CAFE (1)363040 JBEIL (9)541640 - CHEMICAL (1)499851/46 - TELEVISIONS (5)429740 JDEIDET EL METN (1)892548 - CONTRACTORS (5)454769 - TEXTILLES (5)450077-456151 JOUNIEH (9)915051-930750 - TOURISM JOURNALISTS (1)349251 - DENTISTS (1)611222/555 - SOCKS (9)906135 - TRADERS (1)347997-345735 - DOCTORS (1)610710 - TANNERS (9)911600 - ENGINEERS (1)850111 - TRADERS & IND. -
Awardee: Emily Nasrallah Writer, Lebanon
Awardee: Emily Nasrallah Writer, Lebanon Emily Nasrallah is one of the most well-known writers in the Arab world. In her works written for adults and children, she has found a poetic language to describe everyday life in war-torn Lebanon. In this way, she has contributed over the years to reconciliation between the different populations in Lebanon. Besides war, her main themes are the life of village women and migration. Her first novel, Birds of September (1962), is not only read regularly in Lebanon’s schools today, but is also considered a classic of Arabic literature. Born in 1931, Emily Nasrallah grew up in a Christian family in a village in southern Lebanon. After studying education at the American University in Beirut, she worked as a teacher, then as a journalist and freelance writer. In 1962, her debut novel, Touyour Ayloul (Birds of September), was published and went on to receive three Arabic literary awards. In addition to novels, essays and short stories for adults, Nasrallah has also published seven children’s books. Her writings’ mainly focus on village life in Lebanon, women’s emancipation efforts, identity issues in the Lebanese civil war and migration. Many of her books have been translated into other languages, including English, Spanish, Dutch, Finnish, Thai and German. Although her home and possessions were destroyed in various bomb attacks during the Lebanese civil war, Nasrallah refused to go into exile. Together with a group of female writers, described as the “Beirut Decentrists”, the mother of four remained in Beirut, where she still lives today. -
Nahr Al Kalb and the Jeita Springs - an Iwrm Case Study
NAHR AL KALB AND THE JEITA SPRINGS - AN IWRM CASE STUDY Nadim Farajalla, PhD Director of Research Climate Change and the Environment Program Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs American University of Beirut Note • This presentation will draw heavily on work conducted under a German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project for protecting the Jeita Springs – most graphics are taken from various reports produced under this project. Key Definitions • IWRM may be defined as a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems • It involves the integration of natural and anthropogenic systems – the former includes the integrated management of surface and groundwater resources Project Area Description • Case study is for the integrated management of surface and groundwater resources in the Nahr El Kalb area. • Surface water component: • Nahr El Kalb - catchment covers about 272 km2 • Average annual flow of around 254 million m3 • Groundwater component: • Jeita springs – catchment covers about 400 km2 • Average annual flow is estimated at about 210 million m3 • Catchment areas include a multitude of land uses Project Area Project Area Project Area Description • Catchment area – within Nahr El Kalb - includes a multitude of land uses and an equal number of threats • Significance of area: • Nearly 200,000 inhabitants • Major water source for Beirut • Major tourist attractions: • Ski resorts • Coastal resorts • Natural attractions - Jeita cavern, Faqra natural bridge, etc. • Archeological sites - Nahr el Kalb monuments, Kfardebian temples, etc. • Religious sites – Harissa, Bkirke, etc.