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Haiti and Panama 121 the Cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama

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Haiti and Panama 121 the Cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama Cha p ter 10: The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama 121 The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama MATION FOR IN C Costa Rica SI A B Population 4,920,000 Comparative Increase (percentage variation 2008-2014) Territorial Extension 51,000 km2 Security Government GDP Budget Budget GDP 2014 (US$) 52,968,000,000 Public Force Personnel 14,201* 2014 Security Budget (US$) 963,059,548 163% 98% 78% * Dependents of the Ministry of Security Principal Actors Security Budget (current US$), 2004-2014 1,200,000,000 Institutions Dependents 1,000,000,000 800,000,000 - Public Force (Civil Guard, Rural Guard, Coast Ministry Guard, Aerial Surveilance, Drugs Control). 600,000,000 of Public -Police School. Security - Directorate of Private Security Services. 400,000,000 - General Directorate of Armaments. 200,000,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ministry of - Directorate of Migration and Foreign Persons. Interior and Security Budget as a Percentage of GDP, 2004-2014 Police - Communal Development. 4.0% 3.5% - General Directorate of Social Adaption. 3.0% Ministry of - General Directorate for the Promotion of Justice and Peace and Citizen Coexistence. 2.5% Peace - National Youth Network for the prevention 2.0% of violence. - Violence Observatory. 1.5% - National Directorate of Alternative Confl ict 1.0% Resolution. 0.5% - Commission for Regulating and Rating Public Events. 0.0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 - Technical Secretariat of the National Commission for the Prevention of Violence and Promotion of Social Peace. The Legal Framework Judicial - Judicial Investigation Organism (Criminal National Legislation Branch investigation, forensic sciences, legal • Organic Law of the Ministry of Public Security (N° 5482 – 1973/12/24). medicine). • General Police Law (N° 7410 – 1994/05/30). - Offi ce of the Public Prosecutor • Organic Law of the Public Prosecutor’s Offi ce (N° 7442 – 1994/11/25). • Arms and Explosives Law (N° 7530- 1995/08/23). Offi ce of the - Special Invention Unit. • Youth Criminal Justice Law (N° 7576 - 1996/04/04). President - Intelligence and National Security Directorate. • Law against Domestic Violence (N° 7586 - 1996/05/02). • Criminal Justice Code (N° 7594 – 1996/06/04). • Law on Alternate Confl ict Resolution and Promotion of Social Peace (N° Ministry 7727 – 1998/01/14). of Public - Directorate of Fiscal Control Police. • Law on the Agreement with the United States to Reduce the Illegal Works and Traffi cking of Narcotics (N° 7929 – 1999/10/06). Transport • Law Creating the National Coast Guard Service (N° 8000 – 2000/05/24). • Law Strengthening the Civil Police (N° 8096 – 2001/03/15). Ministry of - General Directorate of Transit Police. • Law Creating the National Program of Education against Drugs (N° 8093 - Finance 2001/03/23). • Law Declaring December 1st as Abolition of the Army Day (N° 8115 – 2001/08/28). Human Rights • Law on Narcotics and Related Activities (N° 8204 - 2002/01/11). Ombudsman • Law Criminalizing Violence against Women (N° 8589 – 2007/05/30). • Witness Protection Law (N° 8720 - 2009/03/04). Costa Rican • Law against Organized Crime (N° 8754 – 2009/07/24). Drugs • Legal Persons Tax Law (N° 9024 - 2011/12/23). Institutes • Casino Tax Law (N° 9050 – 2012/07/09). • Law against Human Traffi cking (N° 9095 – 2013/02/08). Source: Anuario Estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe, 2013, CEPAL (population, projection 2014); IMF, World Economic Outlook Database (GDP projection 2014); CEPAL website (territory); Ley de presupuesto ordinario y extraordinario de la República para el ejercicio económico 2014; Memoria Institucional del Ministerio de Gobernación, Policía y Seguridad Publicca (2012-2013); Decreto que Crea la Comisión Nacional para la Prevención de la Violencia y la Promoción de la Paz Sociall (Nº 33.149 - 2006/06/07); Decreto que Determina los Ministerios a que pertenecen diversas fuerzas de policía (Nº 23.427 - 1994/07/15); and the websites of the aforementioned institutions. A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean / 2014 Edition 122 Security Forces The following bodies operate below the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security: Public Force Aerial Surveillance Drug Control National Coastguard Service Police Service Personnel assigned to 12,94812 948 576576 232366 441441 each body: Police bodies operating under the jurisdiction of other Ministries: Professional Fiscal Judicial Transit Special Penitentiary Migration Control Investigation Police Intervention Police Police Organism Unit MinistryMinistry of PolicePolice MinistryMinistry of PublicPublic MinistryMinistry of the MinistryMinistry of PeacePeace Interior and Treasury Judiciary Works and Presidency and Justice Police Transport Personnel assigned to each body: 171700 111155 1,1542 898955 64 3,3541541 The Ministry o f Pu blic Security is t he State institution w hose function is to preserve an d maintain nationa l sovereignty, assist in The Ministry of strengthening the principle of law, and ensure security, peace and public order in the country. Historically two ministries have developed competences that include police forces: the Ministry of Interior and Police, and the Public Security Ministry of Public Security. Ministry of Public Prohibition Security of the Army - Rural Guard Ministry of as permanent Ministry of Public - Civil Guard Interior, Police and Ministry of Interior, institution and Security - Drug Control Police Public Security Police and Public creation of the CIVIL GUARD CIVIL GUARD - Aerial Surveilance PUBLIC FORCE Security CIVIL GUARD AERIAL BRANCH ARERIAL BRANCH - Maritime PUBLIC FORCE Surveilance 1948 / 1949 19581958 1970 1994 19951995 20020000 Minister References: Political Level Advisory Relationship General Auditor Gender Equality and Equity Advisory Bodies Board of Superior Ministers Improvement of Institutional Management and Control Formal Line of Institutional Planning International Cooperation Director Level Authority Public and Press Relations Legal Support Operational Level Decentralized Administrative Departaments Relationship Personnel Board Services Comptroller Administrative Viceminister Viceminister of Regular Units of the Public Force Viceminister of Special Units Financial Public Force Administration Armaments National General Board of Coast Guard Inspectorate of the Directors Service Public Force Projects Human Administration Finance Institutional Information Operations Special Police Legal and Tourist National Aerial Private Drug Police Resources Supplier Technology Units Prevention Support to Security Police Surveilance Security Control Reserves Programs Police School Service Services Police Transport Service Work Health Centre Disciplinary actions Regional Reg. Del. Tourist Coast Coast Guard Airport Regional Directorates of Police Police Guard Station Security Delegations Source: Compilation based on the Ley orgánica del Ministerio de Segu- Programs Units Academy Units ridad Pública (Nº 5482 – 1973/12/24), Acuerdo que Adscribe Dependen- cias de Guardia Civil a Seguridad Pública (Nº 57– 1954/06/09), Ley Gen- Police eral de Policía (Nº 7410 – 1994/05/26), Ley de presupuesto ordinario y Delegations extraordinario de la República para el ejercicio económico 2013, Ley Gen- Since 1995, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Interior eral de la Administración Pública (N° 6227 - 1978/05/02) and reforms, and Police have been headed by the Minister of Interior, Police and website of the Ministry of Public Security and the Memoria Institucional District Public Security. In practice functioning in a unifi ed form, the Ministry del Ministerio de Gobernación, Policía y Seguridad Publica (2012-2013). Delegations of Public Security still maintains its own legal structure and budget. The current Minister is Celso Gamboa Sanchez, who has held the positionposition sincesince May 2014. Cha p ter 10: The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama 123 The Public Force The so-called Public Force is the main police force in the country and it has its background in the Civil Guard, which was created following the abolition of the Army as a permanent institution in 1948. The General Police Law places it defi nitively within the Ministry of Public Security. The reform of this law (strengthening of the civilian police) abandoned the military designation of scales and grades and created spaces of internal control. The practical Ministerial division placed on one side the police body, which is known in the country as the Public Force (which in other countries would be called the national police) and on the other side specialist units (which, given the nature of their functions, have different regulations, situations and challenges). The main provisions that govern the Public Force are: Regulations for Service regulations General Ethics Regulations Regulations of Police Law toxicology tests to of the police forces Police Law for members of the Grades and the Police Strengthening members of the police attached to the (Nº 7410 police forces attached Promotion of Public –Citizen the Civil Police forces attached to Ministry of Public -1994/05/26), to the Ministry of Force personnel Manual 2001 the Ministry of Public Security and reforms Public Security Last amendment 05/03/2010 Security Last amendment 08/27/2003 2009 04/04/2002 2008 Ensure the exercise of constitutional rights, the protection of the constitutional order, citizen security, national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Specifi c Keep the peace and public order. Powers of the Public Ensure the
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