Panama: Is Restructuring the Razor to Cut out Corruption?
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Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama 99 the Cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama
Cha p ter 9: The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama 99 The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama MATION FOR IN Costa Rica C SI A B Population 4,870,000 Comparative increase (percentage variation 2008-2015) Territorial Extension 51,000 km2 Security State GDP Budget Budget GDP (US$) 56,908,000,000 Public Force Personnel 14,497* Security Budget (US$) 949,094,945 159% 126% 91% *Dependents of the Ministry of Security Principal Actors Security Budget as a Percentage of GDP, 2004-2015 1,000,000,000 Institutions Dependents 900,000,000 800,000,000 - Public Force (Civil Guard, Rural Guard, Coast 700,000,000 Guard, Aerial Surveilance, Drugs Control). 600,000,000 Ministry of Public -Police School. 500,000,000 Security - Directorate of Private Security Services. 400,000,000 300,000,000 - General Directorate of Armaments. 200,000,000 100,000,000 0 Ministry of - Directorate of Migration and Foreign Persons. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Interior and Police - Communal Development. Security Budget (current US$), 2004-2015 4.0% 3.5% - General Directorate of Social Adaption. Ministry of - General Directorate for the Promotion of 3.0% Justice and Peace and Citizen Coexistence. 2.5% Peace - National Youth Network for the prevention of violence. 2.0% - Violence Observatory. 1.5% - National Directorate of Alternative Confl ict Resolution. 1.0% - Commission for Regulating and Rating Public 0.5% Events. - Technical Secretariat of the National 0.0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Commission for the Prevention of Violence and Promotion of Social Peace. -
2020 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report
United States Department of State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs International Narcotics Control Strategy Report Volume I Drug and Chemical Control March 2020 INCSR 2020 Volume 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Common Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... iii International Agreements.................................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Legislative Basis for the INCSR ......................................................................................................................... 2 Presidential Determination ................................................................................................................................. 7 Policy and Program Developments .................................................................................................... 12 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Methodology for U.S. Government Estimates of Illegal Drug Production .......................................................... 18 Parties to UN Conventions .............................................................................................................................. -
Regional Report on the Review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform For
Regional report on the review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in Latin American and Caribbean countries, 25 years on Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary Raúl García-Buchaca Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Mario Castillo Officer in Charge, Division for Gender Affairs Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and Web Services Division This report was prepared jointly by the Division for Gender Affairs of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Americas and the Caribbean Regional Office of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women). The preparation of the document was coordinated by María Lucía Scuro, Social Affairs Officer of the Division for Gender Affairs of ECLAC, and was carried out on the basis of comprehensive national reviews of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean regarding the application of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) in the context of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women: Action for Equality, Development and Peace and the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Special thanks are extended to Cecilia Alemany, Nicole Bidegain, Laura González, Iliana Vaca Trigo and Alejandra Valdés for their contributions. -
Memorial of Costa Rica
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE DISPUTE CONCERNING NAVIGATIONAL AND RELATED RIGHTS (COSTA RICA v. NICARAGUA) MEMORIAL OF COSTA RICA VOLUME 1 29 August 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No Chapter 1 Introduction .................................. 1 Scope of the Dispute ............................ 1 The Court's Jurisdiction .......................... 3 The Structure of this Memorial .................... 4 Chapter 2 Geographical and Historical Background .......... 7 A . The geography of the San Juan basin ............... 7 B . Historical background ........................... 9 (1) The San Juan River under Spanish rule (1492-1821) .............................. 9 (2) The post-independence period (1 82 1. 1 856) ..... 11 (a) The proposed trans-Isthmian canal ....... 12 (b) The British protectorate over the Mosquito Indians .................. 12 (c) Agreements between Great Britain and the United States ............ 14 (d) Conflicts arising from the intervention of the filibusters ............ 14 (3) The conclusion of the Treaty of Limits 1858 ..... 15 (4) Nicaragua's challenge to the Treaty of Limits and the Cleveland Award 1888 ......... 16 (5) Implementation of the Treaty of Limits after 1888: the Alexander Awards ............ 20 (6) The 1916 Judgment of the Central American Court of Justice .................. 21 (7) Later developments ........................ 25 Chapter 3 The Dispute before the Court .................... 27 A . Overview ...................................27 B . Nicaragua's violations of Costa Rica's sights between1980and1998 .......................... 27 Nicaragua's violations from 1998 to the present ....... 33 Attempts by Costa Rica to resolve the dispute ........ 37 (1) Commerce as communication ................1 19 (2) Commerce as transportation of goods and persons (including tourism) ..............123 D . Breaches of Costa Rica's rights of protection of commerce. safeguard. defence and re-supply of police posts .................................124 E . Breaches of other Related Rights ................. -
Role of the Police in Costa Rica (MILITARY OR POLICE) the • REALITY a Paper Presented to the Western Society of Criminology Meetings: Las Vegas, Nevada Feb
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Role of the Police In Costa Rica (MILITARY OR POLICE) THE • REALITY A paper presented to the Western Society of Criminology Meetings: Las Vegas, Nevada Feb. 1990 International Session on Crl~inal Justice Dr. Peter Kassebaum College of Marin ABSTRACT: Costa Rica i& at the crossroads, the nation must decide whether it will expand the limited military capability of its police. The police have been given military training of a limited nature, and various types of military equipment. The country which has supplied most of the support has been the United States; with the help of a handful of interested countries. Costa Rica has been able to expand its ability to deal with threats both internal and external. The nature of the changes have been detailed in this paper, covering both the influences of foreign aid, and the reality of Costa Rica's Military capabilities as they exist today, against the backdrop of Costa Rica's democratic traditions. A variety of international geopolitical forces have created a climate where Costa Rica has been fo~ced to accept a small Military capability including; coast guard forces, air wing, and equipment to expand the role of some police into ground or infantry troops. The police are going to be challenged by the force of narco dollars, and the uncertain econOMic future in • the heMisphere and the accompanying unrest which breeds a greater probability of social conflict spilling over into peaceful Costa Rica. BACKGROUND: This paper will explore the role of the police in contemporary Costa Rica. -
2012 JRP Panama Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction A Letter from Malik Harris, Project Leader……………………………………………………....2 Section 1 A Study of Demilitarization in Panama……………………………………………………….….3 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..22 Section 2 Joint Research Project After Action Report……………………………………………….......…27 Appendices……………………………………………………………………………….51 Dear ALLIES Members, It is with great honor and pleasure that I present the final reports and findings for the 2012 ALLIES Joint Research Project to Panama. Since 2007, students from civilian and military institutions have embarked all over the globe studying pressing issues of our times. However, never before has a trip been so successful in the ability to produce a research report, keep an accurate budget of expenses and document lessons learned to be passed to the future. On behalf of the delegation and the ALLIES family, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude and appreciation to Mr. Sherman Teichman, the Tufts Institute for Global Leadership, the ALLIES JRP Restructuring Committee, Lt. Col. Ben Paganelli, USAF (Ret.), LT Anne Gibbon, USN, LT Michael S. Weber, USN, Asst. Professor Nikolaos Biziouras, Midshipman Michael D. Fessenden, USN, Midshipman Connor McCubrey, USN and all those who made this project a reality and a tremendous success. Sincerely, Malik X. Harris Panama Project Leader 2 SECTION 1 PAGE LEFT BLANK ON PURPOSE ALLIES 2012 Joint Research Project to Panama City, Panama A Study of Demilitarization Malik Harris Amalie Steidley Anna Patten Michael Marks Allison Jeffery Robert Detchon Hannah Ringel May-July 2012 Do not cite without permission from the authors. 4 Abstract The research in this report centers on the process of demilitarization in Panama following the collapse of military rule by General Manuel Noriega in late 1989; it investigates the success of this process in Panama ever since. -
In the Matter of an Arbitration Under the Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes O
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION UNDER THE ARBITRATION RULES OF THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES OMEGA ENGINEERING LLC AND MR. OSCAR RIVERA CLAIMANTS v. THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA RESPONDENT CLAIMANTS’ REJOINDER ON PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS Counsel for Claimants JONES DAY SHOOK, HARDY & BACON LLP 51 Louisiana Avenue, N.W. Citigroup Center Washington, DC 20001 201 S. Biscayne Blvd., Suite 3200 United States Miami, FL 33131 United States of America JONES DAY 21 Tudor Street London EC4Y 0DJ England 20 JANUARY 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5 II. THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL HAS JURISDICTION OVER ALL CLAIMS ................................ 10 A. Respondent’s Illegality Objection Does Not Impugn This Tribunal’s Jurisdiction (and, in any Event, Fails on the Facts)......................................... 10 1. Respondent’s Illegality Allegations Are Baseless as a Matter of Fact ..... 14 a. Respondent Fails to Prove the Key Elements of Bribery and Corruption ..................................................................................... 16 b. The Criminal Investigations Were Fatally Flawed and Do Not Prove that the La Chorrera Contract Was Acquired Through Corruption ..................................................................................... 23 c. Respondent Ignores Key Evidence that Shows that Claimants Did Not Secure the La Chorrera Contract Through Corruption and Instead Focuses on Irrelevancies -
Icptaplpanama POLICE TWINING PROJECT EVALUATION FINAL
ICPTAPlPANAMA POLICE TWINING PROJECT EVALUATION FINAL REPORT August 23, 1994 National Cenfcr for State Courb 1700 North Moore Street, Suite 1710 Arlington, VA 22209 (703)84 1-0205 1 Fax (703)84 1-0206 TABLE OF CONTENIS DICTIONARY OF ACRONYMS ........................................ iv EVALUATION METH0DOU)GY ....................................... v L BACKGROUW ................................................ 6 A . BEFORE "JUST CAUSE" ..........: ................... 6 1 . The Panama Polie ........................ 6 a Wceden~.... ...................... 6 b. ~ol~t~c~zat~on,.... ..................... 6 c. M~l~tmzat~on..................... 6 d. Corru~tion....................... 7 2. JCITAP ................................. 7 B. POST "JUST CAUSE" ................................. 7 1 . Chaos and Cnsrs .......................... 7 2. Com~romisedmons~ ..................... 8 3 . Y.S.Assistance ........................... 8 C PRIOnEVALUATION ................................ 10 IIL (JJRRENT STATUS OF POLICE ORGANIZATICiNS AND FUNCIIONS .... 114 A . NATIONAL P;OLICE ................................ 14 1 . Function ............................... 14 2. Jvhna~rementand Adminiad .............. 15 a _General. ......................... 15 b. -8zatlon . an d-Bmmud mln~stration. ................ 15 d. Communicaho~.................. 18 e. ............. 18 3 . Traininn ............................... 18 a Back- ..................... 18 ' . (1) The PNP .Academx . ..... 19 (2) Field Trlunlnn Ofia CFTO") Pronrm .... 22 b. ICITAP Assistanqe Pro~osedfor 1994/1995 -
Panamá 2019 Crime & Safety Report
Panamá 2019 Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Panama City, Panamá. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Panamá at Level 1, indicating travelers should exercise normal precautions. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Embassy in Panamá does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The ACS Unit cannot recommend a particular individual or location and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. Review OSAC’s Panamá-specific webpage for proprietary analytic reports, Consular Messages, and contact information. Crime Threats There is considerable risk from crime in Panamá. Practicing common sense security habits is essential. Panamá remains relatively safe when compared to other Central American countries, yet crime rates are high, including shootings, rapes, armed robberies, muggings, and thefts. The provinces with the largest cities also had the highest overall crime rates: Panamá, Colón, Herrera, and Chiriquí. According to statistics from the Panamanian National Police (Policía Nacional de Panamá, PNP), overall homicide numbers rose slightly from 424 in 2017 to 440 in 2018. Reports of assault rose from 3,380 to 3,670 in 2018; sexual assault rose from 4,681 to 4,959 in 2018; robbery decreased from 9,683 to 8,939 in 2018; and theft decreased from 17,365 to 14,233. It is important to note that crime reporting is typically lower in some rural provinces. -
Front Matter
Panama’s Canal What Happens When the United States Gives a Small Country What It Wants Mark Falcoff The AEI Press Publisher for the American Enterprise Institute WASHINGTON, D.C. 1998 Available in the United States from the AEI Press, c/o Publisher Re- sources Inc., 1224 Heil Quaker Blvd., P.O. Box 7001, La Vergne, TN 37086-7001. To order: 1-800-269-6267. Distributed outside the United States by arrangement with Eurospan, 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU England. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Falcoff, Mark. Panama’s Canal : what happens when the United States gives a small coun- try what it wants / Mark Falcoff. p. cm. Includes bibliographic references and index. ISBN 0-8447-4030-6 (alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8447-4031-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Panama Canal (Panama)—Politics and government. 2. Panama Canal Treaties (1977) 3. Panama—Politics and government—1981– 4. Panama— Social conditions. 5. Panama—Foreign relations—United States. 6. United States—Foreign relations—United States. I. Title. F1569.C2F35 1998 327.7307287—dc21 98-14395 CIP 13579108642 © 1998 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Wash- ington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or repro- duced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the Ameri- can Enterprise Institute except in cases of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI. -
Proceedings 4.Pdf
WILLIAM J. PERRY CENTER FOR HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE STUDIES Proceedings 2018 EDITION, NO.4 (JULY) Central America Regional Seminar on Countering Transnational Threat Seminar, Group Photo, Panama City, Panama Central America Regional Seminar on Countering Transnational Threat Networks Panama City, Panama, 5 – 7 June 2018 Summary Proceedings1 By William Godnick, Celina Realuyo and Boris Saavedra The nations of Central America face increasingly formidable security challenges from transnational threat networks that have regional and global reach without boundaries. Military and security forces must recognize and confront these threats, with interagency frameworks and the understanding that it takes a network to neutralize a network. The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (WJPC) provides a space for academics and practitioners to address these issues affecting the Western Hemisphere in a constructive and enriching environment. To that end, and as a follow up to the May 2018 Central American Defense Conference 1 These summary proceedings reflect the discussions conducted under Chatham House Rules (no attribution) of the 5 – 7 June 2018 William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Central American Regional Seminar on Countering Transnational Threat Networks in Panama City, Panama. In specific cases where provided authorization their names and institutions are included in the report. Proceedings is a publication of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. The views represented are those of the author -
Haiti and Panama 121 the Cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama
Cha p ter 10: The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama 121 The cases of Costa Rica, Haiti and Panama MATION FOR IN C Costa Rica SI A B Population 4,920,000 Comparative Increase (percentage variation 2008-2014) Territorial Extension 51,000 km2 Security Government GDP Budget Budget GDP 2014 (US$) 52,968,000,000 Public Force Personnel 14,201* 2014 Security Budget (US$) 963,059,548 163% 98% 78% * Dependents of the Ministry of Security Principal Actors Security Budget (current US$), 2004-2014 1,200,000,000 Institutions Dependents 1,000,000,000 800,000,000 - Public Force (Civil Guard, Rural Guard, Coast Ministry Guard, Aerial Surveilance, Drugs Control). 600,000,000 of Public -Police School. Security - Directorate of Private Security Services. 400,000,000 - General Directorate of Armaments. 200,000,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ministry of - Directorate of Migration and Foreign Persons. Interior and Security Budget as a Percentage of GDP, 2004-2014 Police - Communal Development. 4.0% 3.5% - General Directorate of Social Adaption. 3.0% Ministry of - General Directorate for the Promotion of Justice and Peace and Citizen Coexistence. 2.5% Peace - National Youth Network for the prevention 2.0% of violence. - Violence Observatory. 1.5% - National Directorate of Alternative Confl ict 1.0% Resolution. 0.5% - Commission for Regulating and Rating Public Events. 0.0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 - Technical Secretariat of the National Commission for the Prevention of Violence and Promotion of Social Peace. The Legal Framework Judicial - Judicial Investigation Organism (Criminal National Legislation Branch investigation, forensic sciences, legal • Organic Law of the Ministry of Public Security (N° 5482 – 1973/12/24).