Chinese Grammar Wiki

ELEMENTARY CHINESE GRAMMAR II - UNDER CONSTRUCTION

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This text was compiled on 09/21/2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Elementary is the second level used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 2-3.

1: PARTS OF SPEECH

1.1: ADJECTIVES 1.1.1: NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "-SI LE" 1.2: ADVERBS 1.2.1: APPROXIMATIONS WITH "CHABUDUO" 1.2.2: EMPHASIZING QUANTITY WITH "DOU" 1.2.3: EXPRESSING ACTIONS IN PROGRESS WITH "ZAI" 1.2.4: EXPRESSING "ALL ALONG" WITH "YIZHI" 1.2.5: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH "YIJING" 1.2.6: EXPRESSING "ALWAYS" WITH "ZONGSHI" 1.2.7: EXPRESSING "AND ALSO" WITH "HAI" 1.2.8: EXPRESSING "JUST" WITH "GANG" 1.2.9: EXPRESSING "ONLY" WITH "ZHI" 1.2.10: EXPRESSING "THEN" WITH "JIU" 1.2.11: NEGATIVE COMMANDS WITH "BIE" 1.2.12: SIMULTANEOUS TASKS WITH "YIBIAN" 1.3: ADVERBS WITH ADJECTIVES 1.3.1: ASKING ABOUT DEGREE WITH "DUO" 1.3.2: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "YIYANG" 1.3.3: EXPRESSING "A LITTLE TOO" WITH "YOU DIAN" 1.3.4: EXPRESSING "BOTH A AND B" WITH "YOU" 1.3.5: EXPRESSING DISTANCE WITH "LI" 1.3.6: EXPRESSING "EVEN MORE" WITH "GENG" 1.3.7: EXPRESSING "NOT VERY" WITH "BU TAI" 1.3.8: EXPRESSING "REALLY" WITH "ZHEN" 1.3.9: INTENSIFYING WITH "DUO" 1.3.10: MODERATING POSITIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "HAI" 1.3.11: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVE + "DE" 1.3.12: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH PHRASE + "DE" 1.3.13: SUPERLATIVE "ZUI" 1.4: CONJUNCTIONS

1.4.1: EXPRESSING "OR" IN STATEMENTS 1.4.2: EXPRESSING "WITH" WITH "GEN" 1.4.3: THE FILLER WORD "NEIGE" 1.4.4: TWO WORDS FOR "BUT" 1.5: NOUNS 1.5.1: AFTER A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.2: BEFORE A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.3: EXPRESSING "BEFORE" IN GENERAL WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.4: EXPRESSING "JUST NOW" WITH "GANGCAI" 1.5.5: EXPRESSING "WHEN" WITH "DE SHIHOU" 1.5.6: IN THE FUTURE IN GENERAL WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.7: TIME WORDS AND WORD ORDER 1.6: NUMBERS 1.6.1: APPROXIMATING WITH SEQUENTIAL NUMBERS 1.6.2: BIG NUMBERS IN CHINESE 1.6.3: STRUCTURE OF TIMES (ADVANCED) 1.7: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS

1.7.1: USING "JI" TO MEAN "SEVERAL" 1.8: PARTICLES

1 9/21/2021 1.8.1: CHANGE OF STATE WITH "LE" 1.8.2: CONCEDING WITH "BA" 1.8.3: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH JUST "LE" 1.8.4: EXPRESSING COMPLETION WITH "LE" 1.8.5: EXPRESSING EXPERIENCES WITH "GUO" 1.8.6: EXPRESSING "NOT ANYMORE" WITH "LE" 1.8.7: EXPRESSING "NOW" WITH "LE" 1.8.8: MODAL PARTICLE "NE" 1.8.9: SENTENCE-FINAL INTERJECTION "A" 1.8.10: SOFTENING SPEECH WITH "BA" 1.8.11: STRUCTURAL PARTICLE "DE" 1.8.12: USING "GUO" WITH "LE" 1.9: PREPOSITIONS 1.9.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "BI" 1.9.2: EXPRESSING "FROM… TO…" WITH "CONG… DAO…" 1.10: VERBS 1.10.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "MEIYOU" 1.10.2: DIRECTIONAL VERBS "LAI" AND "QU" 1.10.3: POLITE REQUESTS WITH "QING" 1.11: AUXILIARY VERBS 1.11.1: AUXILIARY VERB "YAO" AND ITS MULTIPLE MEANINGS 1.11.2: EXPRESSING "SHOULD" WITH "YINGGAI" 1.11.3: EXPRESSING "WILL" WITH "HUI" 1.11.4: EXPRESSING "WOULD LIKE TO" WITH "XIANG" 1.12: VERB PHRASES

1.12.1: ACTIONS IN A ROW 1.12.2: EXPRESSING "DIFFICULT" WITH "NAN" 1.12.3: EXPRESSING DURATION WITH "LE" 1.12.4: EXPRESSING "NEVER" WITH "CONGLAI" 1.12.5: EXPRESSING ONGOING DURATION WITH DOUBLE "LE" 1.12.6: EXPRESSING "TOGETHER" WITH "YIQI" 1.12.7: INABILITY WITH "MEI BANFA" 1.12.8: INDICATING LOCATION WITH "ZAI" BEFORE VERBS 1.12.9: REDUPLICATION OF VERBS 1.12.10: SPECIAL CASES OF "ZAI" FOLLOWING VERBS 1.12.11: SPECIAL VERBS WITH "HEN" 1.12.12: USING "DAO" TO MEAN "TO GO TO" 1.12.13: USING "HAO" TO MEAN "EASY" 1.12.14: VERBING BRIEFLY WITH "YIXIA" 1.12.15: VERBS THAT TAKE DOUBLE OBJECTS 2: GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES

2.1: COMPLEMENTS

2.1.1: POTENTIAL COMPLEMENT "-BU DONG" FOR NOT UNDERSTANDING 2.1.2: RESULT COMPLEMENTS "-DAO" AND "-JIAN" 2.1.3: RESULT COMPLEMENT "-WAN" FOR FINISHING 2.2: NOUN PHRASES

2.2.1: EXPRESSING "SOME" WITH "YIXIE" 2.2.2: USING "YOUDE" TO MEAN "SOME" 2.3: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS 2.3.1: COUNTING MONEY 2.3.2: EXPRESSING "EVERY" WITH "MEI" 2.3.3: EXPRESSING "HALF" WITH "BAN" 2.3.4: MEASURE WORDS FOR COUNTING 2.3.5: MEASURE WORDS IN QUANTITY QUESTIONS 2.3.6: MEASURE WORDS WITH "THIS" AND "THAT" 2.3.7: ORDINAL NUMBERS WITH "DI"

2 9/21/2021 2.4: QUESTION FORMS 2.4.1: ASKING HOW SOMETHING IS WITH "ZENMEYANG" 2.4.2: ASKING WHY WITH "ZENME" 2.4.3: QUESTIONS WITH "LE MA" 2.5: SENTENCE PATTERNS 2.5.1: CAUSE AND EFFECT WITH "YINWEI" AND "SUOYI" 2.5.2: EXPRESSING "ABOUT TO HAPPEN" WITH "LE" 2.5.3: EXPRESSING "EVERYTHING" WITH "SHENME DOU" 2.5.04: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG XIA 2.5.4: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG / XIA / LI" 2.5.5: EXPRESSING "STOP DOING" WITH "BIE… LE" 3: COMPARISONS OF SIMILAR GRAMMAR POINTS

3.1: ADVERBS

3.1.1: COMPARING "BU" AND "MEI" 3.2: AUXILIARY VERBS 3.2.1: COMPARING "YAO" AND "XIANG" BACK MATTER

INDEX GLOSSARY

3 9/21/2021 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

1: PARTS OF SPEECH

1.8.1: CHANGE OF STATE WITH "LE" 1.8.2: CONCEDING WITH "BA"

1 9/21/2021 1.8.3: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH JUST "LE" 1.8.4: EXPRESSING COMPLETION WITH "LE" 1.8.5: EXPRESSING EXPERIENCES WITH "GUO" 1.8.6: EXPRESSING "NOT ANYMORE" WITH "LE" 1.8.7: EXPRESSING "NOW" WITH "LE" 1.8.8: MODAL PARTICLE "NE" 1.8.9: SENTENCE-FINAL INTERJECTION "A" 1.8.10: SOFTENING SPEECH WITH "BA" 1.8.11: STRUCTURAL PARTICLE "DE" 1.8.12: USING "GUO" WITH "LE" 1.9: PREPOSITIONS

1.9.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "BI" 1.9.2: EXPRESSING "FROM… TO…" WITH "CONG… DAO…" 1.10: VERBS 1.10.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "MEIYOU" 1.10.2: DIRECTIONAL VERBS "LAI" AND "QU" 1.10.3: POLITE REQUESTS WITH "QING" 1.11: AUXILIARY VERBS

1.11.1: AUXILIARY VERB "YAO" AND ITS MULTIPLE MEANINGS 1.11.2: EXPRESSING "SHOULD" WITH "YINGGAI" 1.11.3: EXPRESSING "WILL" WITH "HUI" 1.11.4: EXPRESSING "WOULD LIKE TO" WITH "XIANG" 1.12: VERB PHRASES 1.12.1: ACTIONS IN A ROW 1.12.2: EXPRESSING "DIFFICULT" WITH "NAN" 1.12.3: EXPRESSING DURATION WITH "LE" 1.12.4: EXPRESSING "NEVER" WITH "CONGLAI" 1.12.5: EXPRESSING ONGOING DURATION WITH DOUBLE "LE" 1.12.6: EXPRESSING "TOGETHER" WITH "YIQI" 1.12.7: INABILITY WITH "MEI BANFA" 1.12.8: INDICATING LOCATION WITH "ZAI" BEFORE VERBS 1.12.9: REDUPLICATION OF VERBS 1.12.10: SPECIAL CASES OF "ZAI" FOLLOWING VERBS 1.12.11: SPECIAL VERBS WITH "HEN" 1.12.12: USING "DAO" TO MEAN "TO GO TO" 1.12.13: USING "HAO" TO MEAN "EASY" 1.12.14: VERBING BRIEFLY WITH "YIXIA" 1.12.15: VERBS THAT TAKE DOUBLE OBJECTS

2 9/21/2021 1.1: Adjectives

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Negative adjectives with "-si le" Adj. + 死了我今天累死了。

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33037 1.1.1: Negative adjectives with "-si le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.1.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33038 1.2: Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Approximations with "chabuduo" Subj. + Emphasizing quantity with "dou" / + ⋯⋯ wifi Expressing actions in progress with "zai" () + Verb Expressing "all along" with "yizhi" Subj. + + Predicate Expressing "already" with "yijing" ⋯⋯ Expressing "always" with "zongshi" + Verb Expressing "and also" with "hai" + Verb Expressing "just" with "gang" Subj. + + Verb Expressing "only" with "zhi" + Verb Expressing "then" with "jiu" + Verb Phrase Negative commands with "bie" + Verb Simultaneous tasks with "yibian" + Verb 1 () + Verb 2

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33039 1.2.1: Approximations with "chabuduo"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33040 1.2.2: Emphasizing quantity with "dou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33041 1.2.3: Expressing actions in progress with "zai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33042 1.2.4: Expressing "all along" with "yizhi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33043 1.2.5: Expressing "already" with "yijing"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33044 1.2.6: Expressing "always" with "zongshi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33045 1.2.7: Expressing "and also" with "hai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33046 1.2.8: Expressing "just" with "gang"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.8.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33047 1.2.9: Expressing "only" with "zhi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.9.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33048 1.2.10: Expressing "then" with "jiu"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.10.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33049 1.2.11: Negative commands with "bie"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.11.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33050 1.2.12: Simultaneous tasks with "yibian"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.2.12.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33051 1.3: Adverbs with Adjectives

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Asking about degree with "duo" Subj. + + Adj. ? Basic comparisons with "yiyang" Noun 1 + / + Noun 2 + + Adj. Expressing "a little too" with "you dian" () + Adj. Expressing "both A and B" with "you" ⋯⋯ ⋯⋯ Expressing distance with "li" Place 1 + + Place 2 + Adv. + / Expressing "even more" with "geng" + Adj. Expressing "not very" with "bu tai" + Adj. Expressing "really" with "zhen" + Adj. Intensifying with "duo" Subj. + + Adj. Moderating positive adjectives with "hai" + Adj. Modifying nouns with adjective + "de" Adj. + + Noun / Modifying nouns with phrase + "de" Phrase + + Noun Superlative "zui" + Adj. (+ )

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33052 1.3.1: Asking about degree with "duo"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33053 1.3.2: Basic comparisons with "yiyang"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33054 1.3.3: Expressing "a little too" with "you dian"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33055 1.3.4: Expressing "both A and B" with "you"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33056 1.3.5: Expressing distance with "li"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33057 1.3.6: Expressing "even more" with "geng"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33058 1.3.7: Expressing "not very" with "bu tai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33059 1.3.8: Expressing "really" with "zhen"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.8.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33060 1.3.9: Intensifying with "duo"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.9.1 9/5/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33061 1.3.10: Moderating positive adjectives with "hai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.10.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33062 1.3.11: Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.11.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33063 1.3.12: Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.12.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33064 1.3.13: Superlative "zui"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.3.13.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33065 1.4: Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Expressing "or" in statements ⋯⋯⋯⋯ Expressing "with" with "gen" ⋯⋯ + Verb The filler word "neige" ⋯⋯⋯⋯ ⋯⋯ Two words for "but" …… / …… /

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33066 1.4.1: Expressing "or" in statements

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.4.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33067 1.4.2: Expressing "with" with "gen"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.4.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33068 1.4.3: The filler word "neige"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.4.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33069 1.4.4: Two words for "but"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.4.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33070 1.5: Nouns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

After a specific time with "yihou" Time / Verb + 10 Before a specific time with "yiqian" Time / Verb + Expressing "before" in general with "yiqian" ⋯⋯ Expressing "just now" with "gangcai" + Verb Expressing "when" with "de shihou" ⋯⋯ In the future in general with "yihou" ⋯⋯ Time words and word order Subj. + Time⋯⋯ / Time + Subj.⋯⋯ /

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33071 1.5.1: After a specific time with "yihou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33072 1.5.2: Before a specific time with "yiqian"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33073 1.5.3: Expressing "before" in general with "yiqian"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33074 1.5.4: Expressing "just now" with "gangcai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33075 1.5.5: Expressing "when" with "de shihou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33076 1.5.6: In the future in general with "yihou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33077 1.5.7: Time words and word order

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.5.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33078 1.6: Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Approximating with sequential numbers Number 1 + Number 2 Big numbers in Chinese Number + / Structure of times (advanced) Number 1 + () + Number 2 +

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33079 1.6.1: Approximating with sequential numbers

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.6.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33080 1.6.2: Big numbers in Chinese

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.6.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33081 1.6.3: Structure of times (advanced)

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.6.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33082 1.7: Numbers and Measure Words

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Using "ji" to mean "several" + Measure Word + Noun

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33083 1.7.1: Using "ji" to mean "several"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.7.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33084 1.8: Particles

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Change of state with "le" ⋯⋯ 25 Conceding with "ba" ⋯⋯ Expressing "already" with just "le" Subj. + Verb Phrase + Expressing completion with "le" Subj. + Verb + + Obj. Expressing experiences with "guo" Verb + Expressing "not anymore" with "le" / () + Verb Phrase + Expressing "now" with "le" New Situation + Modal particle "ne" ⋯⋯ ? Sentence-final interjection "a" ⋯⋯ Softening speech with "ba" ⋯⋯ Structural particle "de" / / Using "guo" with "le" Verb + +

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33085 1.8.1: Change of state with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33086 1.8.2: Conceding with "ba"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33087 1.8.3: Expressing "already" with just "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33088 1.8.4: Expressing completion with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33089 1.8.5: Expressing experiences with "guo"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33090 1.8.6: Expressing "not anymore" with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33091 1.8.7: Expressing "now" with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33092 1.8.8: Modal particle "ne"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.8.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33093 1.8.9: Sentence-final interjection "a"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.9.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33094 1.8.10: Softening speech with "ba"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.10.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33095 1.8.11: Structural particle "de"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.11.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33096 1.8.12: Using "guo" with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.8.12.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33097 1.9: Prepositions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Basic comparisons with "bi" Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + Adj. Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… ⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1 5 dao…"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.9.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33098 1.9.1: Basic comparisons with "bi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.9.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33099 1.9.2: Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.9.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33100 1.10: Verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Basic comparisons with "meiyou" Noun 1 + () + Noun 2 + Adj. Directional verbs "lai" and "qu" / + Place Polite requests with "qing" + Verb

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.10.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33101 1.10.1: Basic comparisons with "meiyou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.10.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33102 1.10.2: Directional verbs "lai" and "qu"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.10.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33103 1.10.3: Polite requests with "qing"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.10.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33104 1.11: Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings + Noun / + Verb Expressing "should" with "yinggai" / + Verb Expressing "will" with "hui" + Verb Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" + Verb

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.11.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33105 1.11.1: Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.11.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33106 1.11.2: Expressing "should" with "yinggai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.11.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33107 1.11.3: Expressing "will" with "hui"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.11.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33108 1.11.4: Expressing "would like to" with "xiang"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.11.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33109 1.12: Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Actions in a row (Verb Phrase 1) + (Verb Phrase 2) Expressing "difficult" with "nan" + Verb Expressing duration with "le" Verb + + Duration Expressing "never" with "conglai" + / () + Verb Expressing ongoing duration with double "le" Verb + + Duration + Expressing "together" with "yiqi" + Verb Inability with "mei banfa" + Verb Indicating location with "zai" before verbs Subj. + + Place + Verb Reduplication of verbs Verb + Verb Special cases of "zai" following verbs Verb + + Place Special verbs with "hen" + Verb Using "dao" to mean "to go to" + Place Using "hao" to mean "easy" + Verb Verbing briefly with "yixia" Verb + Verbs that take double objects Subj. + Verb + Indirect Obj. + Direct Obj.

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33110 1.12.1: Actions in a row

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33111 1.12.2: Expressing "difficult" with "nan"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33112 1.12.3: Expressing duration with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33113 1.12.4: Expressing "never" with "conglai"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33114 1.12.5: Expressing ongoing duration with double "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33115 1.12.6: Expressing "together" with "yiqi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33116 1.12.7: Inability with "mei banfa"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33117 1.12.8: Indicating location with "zai" before verbs

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.8.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33118 1.12.9: Reduplication of verbs

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.9.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33119 1.12.10: Special cases of "zai" following verbs

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.10.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33120 1.12.11: Special verbs with "hen"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.11.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33121 1.12.12: Using "dao" to mean "to go to"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.12.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33122 1.12.13: Using "hao" to mean "easy"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.13.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33123 1.12.14: Verbing briefly with "yixia"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.14.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33124 1.12.15: Verbs that take double objects

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1.12.15.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33125 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

2: GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES

2.1: COMPLEMENTS 2.1.1: POTENTIAL COMPLEMENT "-BU DONG" FOR NOT UNDERSTANDING 2.1.2: RESULT COMPLEMENTS "-DAO" AND "-JIAN" 2.1.3: RESULT COMPLEMENT "-WAN" FOR FINISHING 2.2: NOUN PHRASES 2.2.1: EXPRESSING "SOME" WITH "YIXIE" 2.2.2: USING "YOUDE" TO MEAN "SOME" 2.3: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS 2.3.1: COUNTING MONEY 2.3.2: EXPRESSING "EVERY" WITH "MEI" 2.3.3: EXPRESSING "HALF" WITH "BAN" 2.3.4: MEASURE WORDS FOR COUNTING 2.3.5: MEASURE WORDS IN QUANTITY QUESTIONS 2.3.6: MEASURE WORDS WITH "THIS" AND "THAT" 2.3.7: ORDINAL NUMBERS WITH "DI" 2.4: QUESTION FORMS 2.4.1: ASKING HOW SOMETHING IS WITH "ZENMEYANG" 2.4.2: ASKING WHY WITH "ZENME" 2.4.3: QUESTIONS WITH "LE MA" 2.5: SENTENCE PATTERNS

2.5.1: CAUSE AND EFFECT WITH "YINWEI" AND "SUOYI" 2.5.2: EXPRESSING "ABOUT TO HAPPEN" WITH "LE" 2.5.3: EXPRESSING "EVERYTHING" WITH "SHENME DOU" 2.5.04: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG

XIA 2.5.4: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG / XIA / LI" 2.5.5: EXPRESSING "STOP DOING" WITH "BIE… LE"

1 9/21/2021 2.1: Complements

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Potential complement "-bu dong" for not Verb + understanding Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" Verb + / Result complement "-wan" for finishing Verb + (+ )

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33127 2.1.1: Potential complement "-bu dong" for not understanding

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.1.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33128 2.1.2: Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.1.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33129 2.1.3: Result complement "-wan" for finishing

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.1.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33130 2.2: Noun Phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Expressing "some" with "yixie" + Noun Using "youde" to mean "some" + Noun

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33131 2.2.1: Expressing "some" with "yixie"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.2.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33132 2.2.2: Using "youde" to mean "some"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.2.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33133 2.3: Numbers and Measure Words

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Counting money Number + / (+ Number + / ) (+ ) Expressing "every" with "mei" + Measure Word (+ Noun) Expressing "half" with "ban" Number + Measure Word + + Noun Measure words for counting Number + Measure Word + Noun Measure words in quantity questions + Measure Word (+ Noun) ? Measure words with "this" and "that" / + Measure Word (+ Noun) Ordinal numbers with "di" + Number (+ Measure Word)

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33134 2.3.1: Counting money

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33135 2.3.2: Expressing "every" with "mei"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33136 2.3.3: Expressing "half" with "ban"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33137 2.3.4: Measure words for counting

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33138 2.3.5: Measure words in quantity questions

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33139 2.3.6: Measure words with "this" and "that"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.6.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33140 2.3.7: Ordinal numbers with "di"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.3.7.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33141 2.4: Question Forms

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Asking how something is with "zenmeyang" ⋯⋯ Asking why with "zenme" ⋯⋯ Questions with "le ma" Verb + +

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33142 2.4.1: Asking how something is with "zenmeyang"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.4.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33143 2.4.2: Asking why with "zenme"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.4.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33144 2.4.3: Questions with "le ma"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.4.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33145 2.5: Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" ⋯⋯ ⋯⋯ Expressing "about to happen" with "le" + Verb / Adj. + Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou" + / ⋯⋯ Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li" + Place + / / / Expressing "stop doing" with "bie… le" + Verb +

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33146 2.5.1: Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33147 2.5.2: Expressing "about to happen" with "le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33148 2.5.3: Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.3.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33149 2.5.04: Expressing location with "zai... shang This page was auto-generated because a user created a sub-page to this page.

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.04.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33150 xia This page was auto-generated because a user created a sub-page to this page.

Chinese Grammar Wiki 1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33151 2.5.4: Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.4.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33152 2.5.5: Expressing "stop doing" with "bie… le"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 2.5.5.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33153 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

3: COMPARISONS OF SIMILAR GRAMMAR POINTS

3.1: ADVERBS 3.1.1: COMPARING "BU" AND "MEI" 3.2: AUXILIARY VERBS 3.2.1: COMPARING "YAO" AND "XIANG"

1 9/21/2021 3.1: Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Comparing "bu" and "mei" vs

Chinese Grammar Wiki 3.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33155 3.1.1: Comparing "bu" and "mei"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 3.1.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33156 3.2: Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples

Comparing "yao" and "xiang" vs

Chinese Grammar Wiki 3.2.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33157 3.2.1: Comparing "yao" and "xiang"

Chinese Grammar Wiki 3.2.1.1 9/7/2021 https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/33158 Index D dire Glossary Sample Word 1 | Sample Definition 1