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Chinese Grammar Wiki ELEMENTARY CHINESE GRAMMAR II - UNDER CONSTRUCTION Chinese Grammar Wiki All Set Learning Book: Elementary Chinese Grammar II - under construction This text is disseminated via the Open Education Resource (OER) LibreTexts Project (https://LibreTexts.org) and like the hundreds of other texts available within this powerful platform, it freely available for reading, printing and "consuming." Most, but not all, pages in the library have licenses that may allow individuals to make changes, save, and print this book. Carefully consult the applicable license(s) before pursuing such effects. Instructors can adopt existing LibreTexts texts or Remix them to quickly build course-specific resources to meet the needs of their students. Unlike traditional textbooks, LibreTexts’ web based origins allow powerful integration of advanced features and new technologies to support learning. 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This text was compiled on 09/21/2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Elementary is the second level used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 2-3. 1: PARTS OF SPEECH 1.1: ADJECTIVES 1.1.1: NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "-SI LE" 1.2: ADVERBS 1.2.1: APPROXIMATIONS WITH "CHABUDUO" 1.2.2: EMPHASIZING QUANTITY WITH "DOU" 1.2.3: EXPRESSING ACTIONS IN PROGRESS WITH "ZAI" 1.2.4: EXPRESSING "ALL ALONG" WITH "YIZHI" 1.2.5: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH "YIJING" 1.2.6: EXPRESSING "ALWAYS" WITH "ZONGSHI" 1.2.7: EXPRESSING "AND ALSO" WITH "HAI" 1.2.8: EXPRESSING "JUST" WITH "GANG" 1.2.9: EXPRESSING "ONLY" WITH "ZHI" 1.2.10: EXPRESSING "THEN" WITH "JIU" 1.2.11: NEGATIVE COMMANDS WITH "BIE" 1.2.12: SIMULTANEOUS TASKS WITH "YIBIAN" 1.3: ADVERBS WITH ADJECTIVES 1.3.1: ASKING ABOUT DEGREE WITH "DUO" 1.3.2: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "YIYANG" 1.3.3: EXPRESSING "A LITTLE TOO" WITH "YOU DIAN" 1.3.4: EXPRESSING "BOTH A AND B" WITH "YOU" 1.3.5: EXPRESSING DISTANCE WITH "LI" 1.3.6: EXPRESSING "EVEN MORE" WITH "GENG" 1.3.7: EXPRESSING "NOT VERY" WITH "BU TAI" 1.3.8: EXPRESSING "REALLY" WITH "ZHEN" 1.3.9: INTENSIFYING WITH "DUO" 1.3.10: MODERATING POSITIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "HAI" 1.3.11: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVE + "DE" 1.3.12: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH PHRASE + "DE" 1.3.13: SUPERLATIVE "ZUI" 1.4: CONJUNCTIONS 1.4.1: EXPRESSING "OR" IN STATEMENTS 1.4.2: EXPRESSING "WITH" WITH "GEN" 1.4.3: THE FILLER WORD "NEIGE" 1.4.4: TWO WORDS FOR "BUT" 1.5: NOUNS 1.5.1: AFTER A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.2: BEFORE A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.3: EXPRESSING "BEFORE" IN GENERAL WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.4: EXPRESSING "JUST NOW" WITH "GANGCAI" 1.5.5: EXPRESSING "WHEN" WITH "DE SHIHOU" 1.5.6: IN THE FUTURE IN GENERAL WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.7: TIME WORDS AND WORD ORDER 1.6: NUMBERS 1.6.1: APPROXIMATING WITH SEQUENTIAL NUMBERS 1.6.2: BIG NUMBERS IN CHINESE 1.6.3: STRUCTURE OF TIMES (ADVANCED) 1.7: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS 1.7.1: USING "JI" TO MEAN "SEVERAL" 1.8: PARTICLES 1 9/21/2021 1.8.1: CHANGE OF STATE WITH "LE" 1.8.2: CONCEDING WITH "BA" 1.8.3: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH JUST "LE" 1.8.4: EXPRESSING COMPLETION WITH "LE" 1.8.5: EXPRESSING EXPERIENCES WITH "GUO" 1.8.6: EXPRESSING "NOT ANYMORE" WITH "LE" 1.8.7: EXPRESSING "NOW" WITH "LE" 1.8.8: MODAL PARTICLE "NE" 1.8.9: SENTENCE-FINAL INTERJECTION "A" 1.8.10: SOFTENING SPEECH WITH "BA" 1.8.11: STRUCTURAL PARTICLE "DE" 1.8.12: USING "GUO" WITH "LE" 1.9: PREPOSITIONS 1.9.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "BI" 1.9.2: EXPRESSING "FROM… TO…" WITH "CONG… DAO…" 1.10: VERBS 1.10.1: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "MEIYOU" 1.10.2: DIRECTIONAL VERBS "LAI" AND "QU" 1.10.3: POLITE REQUESTS WITH "QING" 1.11: AUXILIARY VERBS 1.11.1: AUXILIARY VERB "YAO" AND ITS MULTIPLE MEANINGS 1.11.2: EXPRESSING "SHOULD" WITH "YINGGAI" 1.11.3: EXPRESSING "WILL" WITH "HUI" 1.11.4: EXPRESSING "WOULD LIKE TO" WITH "XIANG" 1.12: VERB PHRASES 1.12.1: ACTIONS IN A ROW 1.12.2: EXPRESSING "DIFFICULT" WITH "NAN" 1.12.3: EXPRESSING DURATION WITH "LE" 1.12.4: EXPRESSING "NEVER" WITH "CONGLAI" 1.12.5: EXPRESSING ONGOING DURATION WITH DOUBLE "LE" 1.12.6: EXPRESSING "TOGETHER" WITH "YIQI" 1.12.7: INABILITY WITH "MEI BANFA" 1.12.8: INDICATING LOCATION WITH "ZAI" BEFORE VERBS 1.12.9: REDUPLICATION OF VERBS 1.12.10: SPECIAL CASES OF "ZAI" FOLLOWING VERBS 1.12.11: SPECIAL VERBS WITH "HEN" 1.12.12: USING "DAO" TO MEAN "TO GO TO" 1.12.13: USING "HAO" TO MEAN "EASY" 1.12.14: VERBING BRIEFLY WITH "YIXIA" 1.12.15: VERBS THAT TAKE DOUBLE OBJECTS 2: GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES 2.1: COMPLEMENTS 2.1.1: POTENTIAL COMPLEMENT "-BU DONG" FOR NOT UNDERSTANDING 2.1.2: RESULT COMPLEMENTS "-DAO" AND "-JIAN" 2.1.3: RESULT COMPLEMENT "-WAN" FOR FINISHING 2.2: NOUN PHRASES 2.2.1: EXPRESSING "SOME" WITH "YIXIE" 2.2.2: USING "YOUDE" TO MEAN "SOME" 2.3: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS 2.3.1: COUNTING MONEY 2.3.2: EXPRESSING "EVERY" WITH "MEI" 2.3.3: EXPRESSING "HALF" WITH "BAN" 2.3.4: MEASURE WORDS FOR COUNTING 2.3.5: MEASURE WORDS IN QUANTITY QUESTIONS 2.3.6: MEASURE WORDS WITH "THIS" AND "THAT" 2.3.7: ORDINAL NUMBERS WITH "DI" 2 9/21/2021 2.4: QUESTION FORMS 2.4.1: ASKING HOW SOMETHING IS WITH "ZENMEYANG" 2.4.2: ASKING WHY WITH "ZENME" 2.4.3: QUESTIONS WITH "LE MA" 2.5: SENTENCE PATTERNS 2.5.1: CAUSE AND EFFECT WITH "YINWEI" AND "SUOYI" 2.5.2: EXPRESSING "ABOUT TO HAPPEN" WITH "LE" 2.5.3: EXPRESSING "EVERYTHING" WITH "SHENME DOU" 2.5.04: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG XIA 2.5.4: EXPRESSING LOCATION WITH "ZAI... SHANG / XIA / LI" 2.5.5: EXPRESSING "STOP DOING" WITH "BIE… LE" 3: COMPARISONS OF SIMILAR GRAMMAR POINTS 3.1: ADVERBS 3.1.1: COMPARING "BU" AND "MEI" 3.2: AUXILIARY VERBS 3.2.1: COMPARING "YAO" AND "XIANG" BACK MATTER INDEX GLOSSARY 3 9/21/2021 CHAPTER OVERVIEW 1: PARTS OF SPEECH 1.1: ADJECTIVES 1.1.1: NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "-SI LE" 1.2: ADVERBS 1.2.1: APPROXIMATIONS WITH "CHABUDUO" 1.2.2: EMPHASIZING QUANTITY WITH "DOU" 1.2.3: EXPRESSING ACTIONS IN PROGRESS WITH "ZAI" 1.2.4: EXPRESSING "ALL ALONG" WITH "YIZHI" 1.2.5: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH "YIJING" 1.2.6: EXPRESSING "ALWAYS" WITH "ZONGSHI" 1.2.7: EXPRESSING "AND ALSO" WITH "HAI" 1.2.8: EXPRESSING "JUST" WITH "GANG" 1.2.9: EXPRESSING "ONLY" WITH "ZHI" 1.2.10: EXPRESSING "THEN" WITH "JIU" 1.2.11: NEGATIVE COMMANDS WITH "BIE" 1.2.12: SIMULTANEOUS TASKS WITH "YIBIAN" 1.3: ADVERBS WITH ADJECTIVES 1.3.1: ASKING ABOUT DEGREE WITH "DUO" 1.3.2: BASIC COMPARISONS WITH "YIYANG" 1.3.3: EXPRESSING "A LITTLE TOO" WITH "YOU DIAN" 1.3.4: EXPRESSING "BOTH A AND B" WITH "YOU" 1.3.5: EXPRESSING DISTANCE WITH "LI" 1.3.6: EXPRESSING "EVEN MORE" WITH "GENG" 1.3.7: EXPRESSING "NOT VERY" WITH "BU TAI" 1.3.8: EXPRESSING "REALLY" WITH "ZHEN" 1.3.9: INTENSIFYING WITH "DUO" 1.3.10: MODERATING POSITIVE ADJECTIVES WITH "HAI" 1.3.11: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVE + "DE" 1.3.12: MODIFYING NOUNS WITH PHRASE + "DE" 1.3.13: SUPERLATIVE "ZUI" 1.4: CONJUNCTIONS 1.4.1: EXPRESSING "OR" IN STATEMENTS 1.4.2: EXPRESSING "WITH" WITH "GEN" 1.4.3: THE FILLER WORD "NEIGE" 1.4.4: TWO WORDS FOR "BUT" 1.5: NOUNS 1.5.1: AFTER A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.2: BEFORE A SPECIFIC TIME WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.3: EXPRESSING "BEFORE" IN GENERAL WITH "YIQIAN" 1.5.4: EXPRESSING "JUST NOW" WITH "GANGCAI" 1.5.5: EXPRESSING "WHEN" WITH "DE SHIHOU" 1.5.6: IN THE FUTURE IN GENERAL WITH "YIHOU" 1.5.7: TIME WORDS AND WORD ORDER 1.6: NUMBERS 1.6.1: APPROXIMATING WITH SEQUENTIAL NUMBERS 1.6.2: BIG NUMBERS IN CHINESE 1.6.3: STRUCTURE OF TIMES (ADVANCED) 1.7: NUMBERS AND MEASURE WORDS 1.7.1: USING "JI" TO MEAN "SEVERAL" 1.8: PARTICLES 1.8.1: CHANGE OF STATE WITH "LE" 1.8.2: CONCEDING WITH "BA" 1 9/21/2021 1.8.3: EXPRESSING "ALREADY" WITH JUST "LE" 1.8.4: EXPRESSING COMPLETION WITH "LE" 1.8.5: EXPRESSING EXPERIENCES WITH "GUO" 1.8.6: EXPRESSING "NOT ANYMORE" WITH "LE" 1.8.7: EXPRESSING "NOW" WITH "LE" 1.8.8: MODAL PARTICLE "NE" 1.8.9: SENTENCE-FINAL INTERJECTION "A" 1.8.10: SOFTENING
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