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ENERGY RESEARCH GROUP (A joint project of IDRC/UNU)

CDS-ISIS VERSION OF THE ERG DATABASE

USER MANUAL

Version 2.0

Luis E. Monzon Wardie Leppan Ed Brandon

January 1989

,1 w . / 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 Procedure for Installing CDS/ISIS 2.3 ...... 2

2.0 Procedure for Restoring the Database ...... 6

3.0 Energy Research Group Database: General Outline ..... 8

3.1 Subject Classification of Library Materials ...... 11

4.0 ERGS Database: Field Structure ...... 17

5.0 Data Entry ...... 19

5.1 Worksheet for ERGS Database: Legend of Terms ... 21

6.0 Geographical Searches Using the ISO Two-Character Country Codes and the ANY Table ...... 25

6.1 Geographical ANY Table ...... 28

6.2 ISO Two-Character Country Codes ...... 30

7.0 Print ...... 38

7.1 Sample Reports ...... 40

7.2 Print Formats: Table of Fields ...... 48 2

1.0 Procedure for Installing CDSJISIS 2.3 3

PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLING CDS/ISIS Version 2.3

If you do not have the latest version of CDS/ISIS a copy is provided on two diskettes labelled CDS/ISIS BACKUP In the instructions that follow, C: is assumed to be your hard disk. First restore the files contained in these two diskettes by inserting them in the proper sequence in disk drive A: and typing the line RESTORE A: C:*.*/S and follow the prompts. This DOS command will restore CDS/ISIS into 5 directories on your hard disk, as follows: 1) C:\ISIS program 2) C:\ISIS\SYSPAR database parameter files used by CDS/ISIS to locate the application database. 3 C:\ISIS\MENUS the menus used by CDS/ISIS and the character central tables. 4 C:\ISIS\PASCAL some PASCAL programs not required but that may be of interest. 5 C:\ISIS\MESSAGES the English language message file for CDS/ISIS.

With these you can start CDS/ISIS from the directory C:\ISIS, and it will open the data base ERGS from the directory C:\ENERGY, which will be created when you restore the data base. Note that you must have 20 files and at least 20 buffers specified in the DOS CONFIG.SYS file to operate correctly. 4

Check this by the following procedure: 1. Type CD \ 2. Type DIR CONFIG.SYS If you receive the message FILE NOT FOUND refer to "Creating CONFIG.SYS" below. Otherwise, refer to "Editing CONFIG.SYS" below. Creating CONFIG.SYS Using a word processor or program editor to build a file called CONFIG.SYS containing the following 2 lines: FILES=20 BUFFERS=20 Editing CONFIG.SYS Using a word processor or program editor, edit a file called CONFIG.SYS, as follows: 1. Buffers If there is a line that starts with BUFFERS= make sure it has at least 20 buffers. If so, leave it alone. If not, set it to 20. If the line is not present, add it to the end of the file, as BUFFERS=20 2. Files If there is a line that starts with FILES= make sure it has at least 20 files. If so, leave it alone. If not, set it to 20. If the line is not present, add it to the end of the file, as FILES=20 5

Starting CDS/ISIS If you had to create or modify CONFIG.SYS, you will have to re-start the computer system. Before starting CDS/ISIS the first time, you need to create a work subdirectory. CDS/ISIS uses this for all its temporary files, such as search requests or sort work files. It also will place here any SAVE (*.SAV) files or print files that you may create. The full path name will be \ISIS\WORK. To create the directory, at the C:> prompt, enter the following line: MD \ISIS\WORK

To start ISIS, enter the following two lines: CD \ISIS ISIS 6

2.0 Procedure for Installing the Database 7

PROCEDURE FOR RESTORING THE DATABASE

The diskettes labelled "ERGS DATABASE" were prepared using PC-DOS 3.2 and CDS/ISIS Version 2.3. The current data base package contains eleven diskettes prepared using BACKUP, and a total of 5,724 records. At least 6 MB of free space on a hard disk (using an IBM-PC or compatible) is required to use the data base.

The following files are contained on the ERGS data base diskettes:

ERGS.MST ERGS.LO1 ERGS.XRF ERGS.FDT ERGS.L02 ERGS.CNT ERGS.ANY ERGS.FST ERGS.IFP AERGS.FMT ERGSI.PFT ERGS.NO1 ERGS.PFT BERGS.FMT ERGS2.PFT ERGS.N02 ERGS.STW CERGS.FMT ERGS3.PFT

These files are stored in the directory ENERGY.

Proceed to RESTORE the files by entering:

RESTORE A: C:*.*/S

and follow the prompts. Be sure to insert each floppy diskette in the proper sequence.

You will now be able to work with the data base using CDS-ISIS Version 2.3.

NOTE: As the diskettes were prepared using PC-DOS 3.2 our tests indicate that restoring can be done using either PC-DOS 3.2 or MS-DOS 3.2. 8

3 .0 Enercgv Research Group Database: General outline 9

ENERGY RESEARCH GROUP DATABASE: General Outline

Database Name: ERGS

Specifications: Software: PC-DOS 3.2 and CDS/ISIS Version 2.3 Microcomputer: IBM PC or compatible with at least 20 MB Disk space used: Approximately 6 MB

Supplier: Energy Research Group (a joint project of the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada; and the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan.)

Content: The focus of the ERGS data base is on information about energy problems facing developing countries, but there are also items on energy in general. The data base consists of 40% of books and 60% of journal articles, reports and conference papers.

Period of Coverage: The project began in 1983, but the data base includes many pre-1983 documents as well.

Size: 5,724 references

Indexing Language: English

Thesaurus Used: None; uses its own descriptor list (see list of "Subject Classification of Library Materials", following).

Document Location: The references with ERG in the "Library Code" field belong to the Energy Research Group.

ERG Descriptors: The "Descriptors" field includes alpha-numeric codes as well as descriptors. There is considerable overlap between these two types of subject headings, but this was originally done for internal reasons. For best results, use both when searching. 10

Default Print Format: ERGS (full bibliographic citation).

Alternate Print Formats: ERGS1, ERGS2, and ERGS3. 11

3.1 Subject Classification of Library Materials 12

SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS

1. ALPHANUMERIC CODES

A. Theory and Methods AO General A4 Price Determination and Al Growth and Development Policy A2 Exhaustible Resources A5 Choice and Optimization A3 Demand Analysis and A6 Modelling Management

B. User Sectors BO General B4 Household B1 Industry B5 Urban Areas B2 Agriculture B6 Rural Areas B3 Transport

C. Economy, Policy and Research CO General C3 Research and Research C1 Energy Economy Policy C2 Planning and Policy Formulation

D. Established Resources DO General D5 Biomass D1 Coal D6 Wood and Charcoal D2 Petroleum D7 Crop Residues D3 Natural Gas D8 Animate Energy D4 Electricity D9 Renewables

E. New Resources EO General E5 Solar Thermal E1 Biogas E6 Wind E2 Geothermal E7 Hydrogen E3 Nuclear Electricity E8 Ethenol E4 Solar Electricity E9 Methanol

F. Technologies FO General F4 Equipment F1 Exploration F5 Conservation F2 Technology for Production F6 Scale Variation, Scaling up F3 Transport and Distribution and Miniaturization

G. Social, Political and Environmental Factors GO General G2 Social Factors G2 Health and Environment 13

2. DESCRIPTORS.

A. ACCOUNTING CURRENCY RECYCLING ACID HYDROLYSIS C. ACID RAIN CAPITAL D. ADAPTATION CAPITAL GOODS DAMS AFFORESTATION CARBON DIOXIDE DATA ANALYSIS AFRICA CARTELS DATA COLLECTION AGRICULTURAL WASTES CASCADING DEBT (See also D7) CASE STUDIES DECENTRALIZATION AGRICULTURE (See CASSAVA DECISION ANALYSIS also B2) CATALYSTS DEFINITIONS AGROFORESTRY CEC DEFORESTATION AID CELLULOSE DEMAND (See also AID INSTITUTIONS CEMENT A3) AIR TRANSPORT CENTRAL RECEIVERS DEMAND MANAGEMENT ALCOHOLS CERAMICS DEMONSTRATIONS ALUMINUM CHARACTERISTICS DENSIFICATION ANALYSIS CHARCOAL (See also DEPENDENCY ANIMAL POWER (See D6) DEPLETION also D8) CHEMICALS DEPOSITS ANIMAL WASTES CLIMATE DESALINATION ANNUAL REPORTS CNG DESERTIFICATION APPROPRIATE COAL (See also D1) DESIGN TECHNOLOGY COAL LIQUID DEVELOPING AQUATIC PLANTS MIXTURES COUNTRIES ARID REGIONS COASTAL REGIONS DIESEL ASIA & PACIFIC COGENERATION DIRECTORIES AVAILABILITY COKE DISTILLATION (See COMBINED CYCLE also middle B. COMBUSTION (See distillates) BAGASSE also fluidized) DISTRIBUTION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS COMMERCIAL FUELS DISTRICT HEATING BARRIERS COMMERCIAL SECTOR DOWNSTREAM BASIC NEEDS COMMERCIALIZATION DRILLING BATTERIES COMMODITIES DRYING BEHAVIOUR COMMUNICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY COMPETITION E. BIOGAS (See also COMPUTERS ECOLOGY E1) CONSERVATION ECONOMETRICS BIOMASS (See also CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIC ASPECTS D5) MATERIALS ECONOMIC BIOMASS PLANTATIONS CONSUMPTION DEVELOPMENT BIOTECHNOLOGY CONTRACTS ECONOMIC GROWTH BOILERS CONVERSION ECONOMIC BREEDER REACTORS COOKING INDICATORS BUILDINGS COOLING ECONOMICS (See BUSINESS COST BENEFIT also Cl) BY PRODUCTS ANALYSIS EDUCATION COSTS EEC COTTAGE INDUSTRY EFFICIENCY 14

ELASTICITIES FOOD PROCESSING HOUSING ELECTRIC POWER FORECASTS HUMAN POWER (See (See also D4) FOREIGN EXCHANGE also D8) ELECTROTHERMY RATE HUMAN WASTES EMBODIED ENERGY FORESTRY (See also HUNTING EMPLOYMENT social f.) HYBRID SYSTEMS END USE FORESTS HYDROCARBONS ENERGETICS FOSSIL FUELS HYDROELECTRICITY ENERGY FUEL CELLS HYDROGEN (See also ENERGY AUDITS FUELS (See also E7) ENERGY BALANCES commercial f., HYDROLOGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY fossil f., ENERGY INTENSITY liquid f., I. ENGINEERING synthetic f., IMPORTS ENGINES (See also traditional f.) INCENTIVES Stirling) FUELWOOD INCOME ENHANCED OIL FURNACES INDUSTRIALIZATION RECOVERY FUSION INDUSTRY (See also ENTROPY cottage i., ENVIRONMENTAL G. fishing i., EFFECTS GASIFICATION petroleum i., ENZYMATIC GASOLINE service i., HYDROLYSIS GENERATION wood products EQUIPMENT GENERATORS i., B1) EQUIPMENT GEOLOGY INFLATION SUPPLIERS GEOPHYSICS INFORMAL SECTOR ETHANOL (See also GEOTHERMAL (See INFORMATION E8) also E2) INNOVATION EVALUATION GLASS INPUT-OUTPUT EXHAUSTIBLE GLOSSARY ANALYSIS RESOURCES GREENHOUSES INSTITUTIONS (See EXPERIMENTAL DATA GROWTH (See also also aid i.,) EXPLOITATION economic g.) INSULATION EXPLORATION INTEGRATED SYSTEMS EXPORTS H. INTERCONNECTION HANDBOOK INTERDEPENDENCY F. HEALTH INTEREST RATE FEASIBILITY HEAT (See also INTERFUEL STUDIES process h.) SUBSTITUTION FEEDSTOCKS HEAT EXCHANGERS INTERNATIONAL FERMENTATION HEAT PUMPS RELATIONS FERTILIZER HEAT RECOVERY INVESTMENT FIELD TRIALS HEATING (See also IRRIGATION FINANCIAL ASPECTS district ISLANDS FINANCING h.) FIREWOOD HEAVY OIL K. FISHING INDUSTRY HEAVY WATER KEROSENE FLUIDIZED HISTORY KINETICS COMBUSTION HOT WATER FLYWHEELS HOTELS L. FODDER HOUSEHOLDS (See LABOUR FOOD also B4) LAND USE 15

LANDSCAPING NATURAL GAS (See PRICES (See also LATIN AMERICA also D3) A4) LEGAL ASPECTS NET ENERGY PRICING LEISURE NETWORKS PROCESS HEAT LIFE CYCLE NON-MOTORIZED PRODUCER GAS ANALYSIS TRANSPORT PRODUCTION LIFESTYLES NONGOVERNMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY LIGHTING ORGANIZATIONS PROJECT ANALYSIS LIQUEFACTION NUCLEAR POWER (See PUMPING (See also LIQUID FUELS also E3) heat LNG NUCLEAR WEAPONS pumps) LOAD MANAGEMENT NUTRITION PYROLYSIS LOSSES LPG 0. R. LUBRICATING OILS OAPEC R&D OECD RADIATION M. OFFSHORE RAIL TRANSPORT MAINTENANCE OIL EXPORTING RANKINE CYCLE MANAGEMENT (See COUNTRIES RATIONALIZATION also load m.) OIL IMPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES REFINING MAPS OIL SANDS REFRIGERATION MARITIME TRANSPORT OIL SHALE REFUGEES MARKETING OILSEEDS RELIABILITY MARKETS OMEC RENEWABLE ENERGY MATERIALS OPEC (See also D9) MECHANICAL ENERGY OPTICS RESERVES MECHANIZATION OTEC RESIDENTIAL SECTOR METABOLISM RESOURCES (See METHANE P. also METHANOL (See also PASSIVE SOLAR exhaustible E9) PEAT r.) METHODOLOGY PETRO-CROPS REVIEW MHD PETROCHEMICALS RISK MICROELECTRONICS PETROLEUM (See ROAD TRANSPORT MICROORGANISMS also D2) RURAL AREAS (See MIDDLE DISTILLATES PETROLEUM INDUSTRY also B6) MIDDLE EAST PHOTOCHEMICAL RURAL MINERALS CONVERSION ELECTRIFICATION MINING PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODELS (See also PHOTOVOLTAICS S. A6) PILOT STUDIES SAFETY MONOPOLIES PLANNING (See also SAVINGS MOTORS C2) SAVONIUS ROTOR MULTINATIONAL PLASMA SCIENCE ENTERPRISES POLICY SEISMICS MUNICIPAL WASTES POLITICAL ASPECTS SERVICE INDUSTRY POLLUTION SHIFTING N. POPULATION CULTIVATION NAPHTHA POVERTY SMALL HYDRO NATIONAL OIL POWER SECTOR SOCIAL ASPECTS COMPANIES PREPARATION SOCIAL FORESTRY 16

SOLAR COLLECTORS also air t., SOLAR maritime t., CONCENTRATORS non-motorized t., SOLAR ENERGY (See rail t., B3) also E4, E5) TRANSPORTATION SOLAR FURNACES SECTOR SOLAR PONDS TRENDS SOLAR RADIATION TROPICAL REGIONS SOLAR THERMAL (See TURBINES (See also also E5) vertical axis SOLAR FUELS t.) SPACE STANDARDS U. STATISTICS URANIUM STEAM URBAN AREAS (See STEEL also B5) STILLAGE STIRLING ENGINES V. STORAGE VEHICLES STOVES VENTILATION SUBSISTENCE VERTICAL AXIS FARMING TURBINES SUGAR CROPS W. SUGAR INDUSTRY WASTES (See also SUPPLY agricultural w., SURVEYS animal w., SYNTHETIC FUELS municipal w.) SYSTEMS WATER (See also heavy w.) T. WATER POWER TAXATION WAVE POWER TECHNICAL ASPECTS WILDLIFE TECHNOLOGY (See WILLOWS also WIND (See also appropriate E6) t.) WOMEN TECHNOLOGY WOOD (See also D6) TRANSFER WOOD FUELS TERMINOLOGY WOOD PRODUCTS TEXTILES INDUSTRY THEORY THERMAL GENERATION THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION TIDAL POWER TIME TOURISM TRADE TRADITIONAL FUELS TRAINING TRANSMISSION TRANSPORT (See 17

4.0 ERGS Database: Field Structure 18

ERG DATABASE: FIELD STRUCTURE INVERTED FIELD/ REPEAT- SEARCH IELD NAME AG ENGTH UBFIELD ABLE IDENTIFIER Library Code and Call No. 112 40 12 Personal Author-Doc. Unit 221 750 Yes 20 Institution-Doc. Unit 222 1000 1234 Yes 30 Title of Doc. Unit 223 400 10 Translated Title-English 224 400 10 Personal Author-Generic Doc. 231 750 Yes 20 Institution-Generic Doc. 232 1000 1234 Yes 30 Title of Generic Doc. 233 400 Title of Serial 241 400 Volume & Part No. Serial 242 50 Language of Text 254 40 Yes Publisher Unit 261 400 123 Date of Imprint-Free Form 262 10 Year of Imprint/Issue 263 4 Pagination 264 120 Report No. 265 290 Yes Meeting, Conference, etc. 271 450 1234 10 Ancillary Data 282 450 Primary Geographic Area 310 120 Yes 50 ERG Descriptor 322 1000 Yes 40 Indexer's Initials 410 4 Date Entered 420 10 Date Modified 421 10 Comments 422 1600 Yes MINISIS host ISN 1 10 19

5.0 Data Entry 20

DATA ENTRY

Data is entered directly into the data base. To add new entries please proceed as follows: Select E (Data Entry) on the main menu. Then select N (Create New Record). Automatically, CDS-ISIS will assign an MFN and the following worksheet will be shown: (Actually the worksheet is contained in three screens named AERGS.FMT, BERGS.FMT, and CERGS.FMT).

The worksheet follows.

ERGS DATABASE X - repeatable tttttitstttss CnI - no. of subfields

PERSONAL AUTHOR %

INSTITUTION X E43

TITLE

TRANSLATED TITLE

PUBLISHER E33

DATE OF IMPRINT: Day Month Year PAGINATION

MEETING, CONFERENCE C43

REPORT NUMBER %

PERSONAL AUTHOR - GENERIC DOC. X

INSTITUTION - GENERIC DOC. X C43

TITLE OF GENERIC DOCUMENT

TITLE OF SERIAL

VOLUME AND PART NO. - SERIAL

LIBRARY CODE & CALL NUMBER C23

LANGUAGE OF TEXT X

ERG DESCRIPTOR %

PRIMARY GEOGRAPHIC AREA X ANCILLARY DATA

COMMENTS

INDEXER'S INITIALS DATE ENTERED

DATE MODIFIED 21

5.1 Worksheet for ERGS Database: Legend of Terms 22

WORKSHEETS FOR ERGS DATABASE: Legend of Terms

Not all information blanks on a worksheet will be filled out for every document. An explanation of the worksheet codes is given below.

LIBRARY CODE - Location code of document, e.g. erg, idre, etc.

CALL NO - Call number. In the ERG collection, this number is prefaced by one of the following letters:

A - for books Z - for flimsy materials, photocopies, etc. F - for microfiches B - for bibliographies R - for reference documents

- For most other locations, e.g. IDRC, the Universal Decimal Classification scheme has been used.

LANGUAGE OF TEXT - Language of text. Enter only if text is in a language other than English. Use standard ISO codes, e.g., Fr for French, Es for Spanish, Pt for Portuguese, etc.

PERSONAL AUTHOR - Last name, initials.

INSTITUTION

Subfield "1 - Corporate author name. Subfield "2 - Corporate author city (if known). Subfield "3 - Corporate author country (if known, ISO two-character country code) Subfield "4 - Corporate sub-body e.g., the particular division within the larger organization. An example might be INSTITUTION - East West Center, CORPORATE SUB-BODY - Resource Systems Institute.

TITLE - Document to be indexed.

TRANSLATED TITLE - Translation of title, if in another language. 23

PERSONAL AUTHOR- GENERIC DOC. - Author of source document. This applies if the document being entered is a chapter in a book or a collection. INSTITUTION GENERIC DOCUMENT

Subfield "1 - Corporate author of source document. Subfield "2 - Corporate author city of source document. Subfield "3 - Corporate author country of source document. (ISO two-character country code) Subfield "4 - Corporate author sub-body of source document.

TITLE OF GENERIC DOCUMENT - Title of source document.

TITLE OF SERIAL - This applies to journal articles, e.g., for an article from Energy Policy, title of serial would be Energy Policy. VOLUME AND PART NO. - SERIAL - Volume (number) - For journal articles.

REPORT NUMBER - Report number (if applicable). Enter as "Report # if.

DATE OF IMPRINT

DAY MONTH - Day and month of publication. Abbreviate if necessary. If unknown, leave blank.

YEAR - Year of publication. If unknown, enter n.d.

PAGINATION - For complete document, enter as e.g., 134p., 123p, 250p. For journal articles excerpts from collections, book chapters, etc., enter as e.g., 2-19, 256-413. PUBLISHER

Subfield "1 - Name of publisher. Subfield "2 - City of publication. Subfield "3 - Country of publication. (ISO two- character country code) 24

N.B. Publishing information is not necessary for journal articles. In cases where the corporate author is also the publisher (as frequently occurs with World Bank, United Nations), if full information on INSTITUTION, has already been given, it is not necessary to repeat this information in the publishing section. MEETING, CONFERENCE

Subfield "1 - Name of conference or meeting at which document was presented (if applicable). Subfield "2 - City of conference. Subfield "3 - Country of conference. (ISO two- character country code). Subfield ^4 - Date of conference.

ANCILLARY DATA - Ancillary data. Any comments, notes, etc., regarding the document itself (as opposed to its subject context). Comments on content are entered under COMMENTS.

INITIALS - Initials of person filling out worksheet.

ERG DESCRIPTORS - Descriptors. See list "Subject Classification of Library Materials".

PRIMARY GEOGRAPHIC AREA - If the document pertains to a specific country or countries, the applicable ISO two-character country codes are entered here.

COMMENTS - Comments of reader. 25

6 .0 Geographical Searches Using the Two-Character ISO Country Codes and the ANY Table 26

GEOGRAPHICAL SEARCHES USING THE ISO TWO-CHARACTER COUNTRY CODES AND THE 'ANY TABLE

Documents pertaining to a specific country can be located by using the ISO two-character country code found in the ERG Geographic field (COUNTRY, tag 310). From the main menu select S (Search Formulation), then type the ISO two-character country code. For example,

CN

CDS/ISIS will search all documents having the ISO country code CN (China). If a search on a region or group of countries is desired, the ANY command should be used. In this instance you use the ANY command plus a number which represents a region or a group of countries according to the Geographical ANY Table attached. For instance,

ANY 10 will locate most documents pertaining to Africa. (Note: Two digits are always required to produce the desired geographical search. Eg. ANY 03). Unfortunately the ANY table misses those documents that are region specific but which do not refer to any particular country. For example, a document may discuss "solar energy in Africa" but may not mention any particular country, hence no two-character ISO country code was input into field 310. To enable you to locate these, four regional descriptors have been added to the 27

descriptor field (322) - "Africa", "Latin America", "Asia & Pacific" and "Middle East". Thus to ensure that all documents pertaining to Africa are obtained, enter

ANY 10 + AFRICA 28

6.1 Geographical ANY Table 29

GEOGRAPHICAL ANY TABLE

01 Developing Countries 02 Developed Countries 03 Least Developed Countries 04 Arab Countries 10 Africa 11 Central Africa 12 East Africa 13 North Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 West Africa 16 English-speaking Africa 17 French-speaking Africa 18 Africa South of Sahara 19 Sahel 20 Asia 21 South East Asia 22 South Asia 23 East Asia 24 Western Asia 25 Middle East 30 Oceania 40 Europe 45 North America 50 Latin America 51 Central America 52 South America 53 Caribbean 30

6 .2 ISO Two-Character Country Codes 31

ISO Two-Character Country Codes

AF Afghanistan AL Albania DZ Algeria AS American Samoa AD Andorra AO Angola AI Anguilla AQ Antarctica AG Antigua and Barbuda AR Argentina AW Aruba AU Australia AT Austria BS Bahamas BH Bahrain BD Bangladesh BB Barbados BE Belgium BZ Belize BJ Benin BM Bermuda BT Bhutan BO Bolivia BW Botswana BV Bouvet Island BR Brazil IO British Indian Ocean Territory VG British Virgin Islands BN Brunei Darussalam BG Bulgaria BF Burkina Faso BU Burma 32

BI Burundi BY Byelorussian SSR CM Cameroon CA Canada CV Cape Verde KY Cayman Islands CF Central African Republic TD Chad CL Chile CN China CX Christmas Islands CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands CO Colombia KM Comoros CG Congo CK Cook Islands CR Costa Rica CU Cuba CY Cyprus CS Czechoslovakia DK Denmark DJ Djibouti DM Dominica DO Dominican Republic TP East Timor EC Ecuador EG Egypt SV E1 Salvador GQ Equatorial Guinea ET Ethiopia FO Faeroe Islands FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FJ Fiji FI Finland FR France 33

GF French Guiana PF French Polynesia TF French Southern Territories GA Gabon GM Gambia DD German Democratic Republic DE Federal Republic of Germany GH Ghana GI Gibraltar GR Greece GL Greenland GD Grenada GP Guadeloupe GU Guam GT Guatemala GN Guinea GW Guinea-Bissau GY Guyana HT Haiti HM Heard and McDonald Islands HN Honduras HK Hong Kong HU Hungary IS Iceland IN India ID Indonesia IR Islamic Republic of Iran IQ Iraq IE Ireland IL Israel IT Italy CI Ivory Coast JM Jamaica JP Japan JT Johnston Island 34

JO Jordan KH Democratic Kampuchea KE Kenya KI Kiribati KP Democratic People's Republic of Korea KR Republic of Korea KW Kuwait LA Lao People's Democratic Republic LB Lebanon IS Lesotho LR Liberia LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya LI Liechtenstein LU Luxembourg MO Macau MG Madagascar MW Malawi MY Malaysia MV Maldives ML Mali MT Malta MQ Martinique MR Mauritania MU Mauritius MX Mexico MI Midway Islands MC Monaco MN Mongolia MS Montserrat MA Morocco MZ Mozambique NA Namibia NR Nauru NP Nepal NL Netherlands 35

AN Netherlands Antilles NT Neutral Zone (between Saudi Arabia and Iraq) NC New Caledonia NZ New Zealand NI Nicaragua NE Niger NG Nigeria NU Niue NF Norfolk Island NO Norway OM Oman PC Pacific Islands (Trust Territory) PK Pakistan PA Panama PG Papua New Guinea PY Paraguay PE Peru PH Philippines PN Pitcairn PL Poland PT Portugal PR Puerto Rico QA Qatar RE Reunion RO Romania RW Rwanda WS Samoa SM San Marino ST Sao Tome and Principe SA Saudi Arabia SN Senegal SC Seychelles SL Sierra Leone SG Singapore SB Solomon Islands 36

SO Somalia ZA South Africa ES Spain LK Sri Lanka SH St. Helena KN St. Kitts-Nevis LC St. Lucia PM St. Pierre and Miquelon VC St. Vincent and the Grenadines SD Sudan SR Suriname SJ Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands SZ Swaziland SE Sweden CH Switzerland SY Syrian Arab Republic TW Taiwan, Province of China TZ United Republic of Tanzania TH Thailand TG Togo TK Tokelau TO Tonga TT Trinidad and Tobago TN Tunisia TR Turkey TC Turks and Caicos Islands TV Tuvalu UG Uganda UA Ukranian SSR AE United Arab Emirates GB United Kingdom US United States PU United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands VI United States Virgin Islands 37

UY Uruguay SU USSR VU Vanuatu VA Vatican City State (Holy See) VE Venezuela VN Viet Nam WK Wake Island WF Wallis and Futuna Islands EH Western Sahara YE Yemen YD Democratic Yemen YU Yugoslavia ZR Zaire ZM Zambia ZW Zimbabwe 38

7.0 Print 39

PRINT

The easiest way to get a hard copy of your "save file" (file name under which you saved your search) is as follows: Request option P on the CDS/ISIS main menu. This will give you the menu EXPRT. Select P (Print with standards specs). Here, you will be presented with the 'print screen' shown below:

Data Base Name ERGS MFN limits 1/32000 Save file name

First Title

Second Title

Third Title

Print format

Line width 70 Number of columns 1 Column width 70

Lines/page 60 First page number 1 EOC tolerance 3_

Data indention 0 Sort ? N Sort worksheet name

Print file name

Enter the Data Base Name as ERGS and the "save file name". Optionally provide one or more titles, enter the "Print Format"

of your choice ( as @ERGS, @ERGS1, @ERGS2, @ERGS3) and the print file name as PRN. Make sure your printer is on. You will get your search printed. 40

7.1 Sample Reports 41

SAMPLE REPORTS

Samples of the various print formats available in this version of the data base are provided in the following pages. For these examples, a selection of representative titles found in the data base has been made.

ERGS PRINT FORMAT (DEFAULT)

MFN: 00247 (ISN: 000256) LIBRARY CODE: erg CALL NO: A191 PERSONAL AUTHOR: Yamba, F.D. TITLE: Energy as a tool for development in Zambia. PERSONAL AUTHOR SOURCE: Mwandosya, M.J. Lwakabamba, S. Nkonoki, S.R. TITLE SOURCE: Energy for development in eastern and southern Africa VOLUME (NUMBER): II PUBLISHER: University of Lund. Lund. SE. YEAR: 1983 PAGES: 79-96 MEETING: Regional workshop on energy for development in eastern and central Africa. Arusha. TZ. 3-14 April 1983. DESCRIPTORS: ELECTRIC POWER; COAL; FUELWOOD; SUPPLY; PETROLEUM; HYDROELECTRICITY; SOLAR ENERGY; WIND; BIOMASS; AFRICA COUNTRY: ZM 42

MFN: 03130 (ISN: 003616) LIBRARY CODE: erg CALL NO: A720 PERSONAL AUTHOR: Mrema, G.C. TITLE: Utilization of bioenergy resources: A case study of Tanzania PAGES: 30p. MEETING: Symposium on Biomass Energy Systems: Building Blocks for Sustainable Agriculture. Airlie VA. US. 29 Jan - 1 Feb 1985. DESCRIPTORS: B2; B4; D5; BIOMASS; AFRICA COUNTRY: TZ

MFN: 04037 (ISN: 004562) LIBRARY CODE: erg CALL NO: Z2290 PERSONAL AUTHOR: Martin, J. TITLE: Production of biomass fuel briquettes in developing countries SERIAL TITLE: Changing Villages VOLUME (NUMBER): 7(3) DAY/MONTH: May-June YEAR: 1985 PAGES: 215-238 DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; PEAT; DENSIFICATION; AFRICA COUNTRY: RW COMMENTS: Discusses fuel peat and papyrus briquette production 43

MFN: 04603 (ISN: 005157) LIBRARY CODE: erg/erghk CALL NO: A940 PERSONAL AUTHOR: Wereko-Brobby, C. (ed) INSTITUTION AUTHOR: Commonwealth Science Council. London. GB. TITLE: Assessing biomass energy resources in developing countries REPORT: CSC Technical Publications Series No 188 PUBLISHER: Commonwealth Science Council. London. GB. DAY/MONTH: April YEAR: 1986 PAGES: 313p. DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; EVALUATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; STATISTICS; ENERGY BALANCES; SURVEYS; B6; A6; CONSUMPTION; FORECASTS; PLANNING; AFRICA; ISLANDS COUNTRY: NG; TZ; MU COMMENTS: This is a compendium of 13 biomass-energy related papers. 44

ERGS1 PRINT FORMAT mfn: 00247 Yamba, F.D. Energy as a tool for development in Zambia. In Mwandosya, M.J. Lwakabamba, S. Nkonoki, S.R. Energy for development in eastern and southern Africa. II, 1983, 79-96. Regional workshop on energy for development in eastern and central Africa, Arusha, TZ, 3-14 April 1983. University of Lund, Lund, SE.

DESCRIPTORS: ELECTRIC POWER; COAL; FUELWOOD; SUPPLY; PETROLEUM; HYDROELECTRICITY; SOLAR ENERGY; WIND; BIOMASS; AFRICA

COUNTRY: ZM mfn: 03130 Mrema, G.C. Utilization of bioenergy resources: A case study of Tanzania. 30p.. Symposium on Biomass Energy Systems: Building Blocks for Sustainable Agriculture, Airlie VA, US, 29 Jan - 1 Feb 1985.

DESCRIPTORS: B2; B4; D5; BIOMASS; AFRICA

COUNTRY: TZ

mfn: 04037 Martin, J. Production of biomass fuel briquettes in developing countries. Changing Villages, 7(3), May-June, 1985, 215-238.

DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; PEAT; DENSIFICATION; AFRICA COUNTRY: RW

Discusses fuel peat and papyrus briquette production 45

mfn: 04603 Wereko-Brobby, C. (ed) Commonwealth Science Council. London. GB. Assessing biomass energy resources in developing countries. April, 1986, 313p.. Commonwealth Science Council, London, GB.

DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; EVALUATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; STATISTICS; ENERGY BALANCES; SURVEYS; B6; A6; CONSUMPTION; FORECASTS; PLANNING; AFRICA; ISLANDS

COUNTRY: NG; TZ; MU

This is a compendium of 13 biomass-energy related papers. 46

ERGS2 PRINT FORMAT mfn: 00247 Yamba, F.D. Energy as a tool for development in Zambia. In Mwandosya, M.J. Lwakabamba, S. Nkonoki, S.R. Energy for development in eastern and southern Africa. II, 1983, 79-96. Regional workshop on energy for development in eastern and central Africa, Arusha, TZ, 3-14 April 1983. University of Lund, Lund.

DESCRIPTORS: ELECTRIC POWER; COAL; FUELWOOD; SUPPLY; PETROLEUM; HYDROELECTRICITY; SOLAR ENERGY; WIND; BIOMASS; AFRICA mfn: 03130 Mrema, G.C. Utilization of bioenergy resources: A case study of Tanzania. 30p.. Symposium on Biomass Energy Systems: Building Blocks for Sustainable Agriculture, Airlie VA, US, 29 Jan - 1 Feb 1985.

DESCRIPTORS: B2; B4; D5; BIOMASS; AFRICA mfn: 04037 Martin, J. Production of biomass fuel briquettes in developing countries. Changing Villages, 7(3), May-June, 1985, 215-238.

DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; PEAT; DENSIFICATION; AFRICA mfn: 04603 Wereko-Brobby, C. (ed) Commonwealth Science Council. London. GB. Assessing biomass energy resources in developing countries. April, 1986, 313p.. Commonwealth Science Council, London.

DESCRIPTORS: BIOMASS; D5; EVALUATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; STATISTICS; ENERGY BALANCES; SURVEYS; B6; A6; CONSUMPTION; FORECASTS; PLANNING; AFRICA; ISLANDS 47

ERGS3 PRINT FORMAT mfn: 00247 Yamba, F.D. Energy as a tool for development in Zambia. In Mwandosya, M.J. Lwakabamba, S. Nkonoki, S.R. Energy for development in eastern and southern Africa. II, 1983, 79-96. Regional workshop on energy for development in eastern and central Africa, Arusha, TZ, 3-14 April 1983. University of Lund, Lund. mfn: 03130 Mrema, G.C. Utilization of bioenergy resources: A case study of Tanzania. 30p.. Symposium on Biomass Energy Systems: Building Blocks for Sustainable Agriculture, Airlie VA, US, 29 Jan - 1 Feb 1985. mfn: 04037 Martin, J. Production of biomass fuel briquettes in developing countries. Changing Villages, 7(3), May-June, 1985, 215-238. mfn: 04603 Wereko-Brobby, C. (ed) Commonwealth Science Council. London. GB. Assessing biomass energy resources in developing countries. April, 1986, 313p.. Commonwealth Science Council, London. 48

7.2 Print Formats: Table of Fields