DOCSLIB.ORG

Isis-Ii User's Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isis-Ii User's Guide ISIS-II USER'S GUIDE Order Number: 9800306-06 Copyright © 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981 Intel Corporation I Intel Corporation, 3065 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95051 I Additional copies of this manual or other Intel literature may be obtained from: Literature Department Intel Corporation 3065 Bowers A venue Santa Clara, CA 95051 The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Intel Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Intel Corporation makes no commitment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an Intel product. No other circuit patent licenses are implied. Intel software products are copyrighted by and shall remain the property of Intel Corporation. Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions stated in Intel's software license, or as defined in ASPR 7-104.9(a)(9). No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Intel Corporation. The following are trademarks of Intel Corporation and its affiliates and may be used only to identify Intel products: BXP Intelevision Multibus CREDIT Intellec Multimodule iRMX Plug-A-Bubble ICE iSBC PROMPT iCS iSBX Prom ware im Library Manager RMX/SO Insite MCS System 2000 Intel Megachassis UPI intel Micromap I'Scope and the combination of ICE, iCS, iRMX, iSBC, iSBX, MCS, or RMX and a numerical suffix. PRINTED IN U.S.A./A343/581/20K CP ii PREFACE I This manual describes, and defines the use of, the Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor (ISIS-II). ISIS-II is the operating system for the Intellec and Intellec Series II microcomputer development systems. The information in this manual supports the system designer who is using a microprocessor or related Intel products in a program-controlled system. This manual contains seven chapters and five appendices: • "Chapter 1. Introduction," which describes the general capabilities of ISIS-II. • "Chapter 2. Getting Started with ISIS-II," which describes some of the programs of ISIS-II and the step-by-step procedures for loading and executing ISIS-II on the Intellec development systems. • "Chapter 3. File Creation and Management," which describes and shows examples of the ISIS-II commands for entering, storing, and managing program and data files. • "Chapter 4. Working with Program Modules," which describes and shows examples of the ISIS-II commands for storing, identifying, and manipulating user-written program modules. • "Chapter 5. Use of ISIS-II and the Monitor by other Programs," which describes and shows examples of ISIS-II system calls that can be included in user-written programs to use ISIS-II and Monitor capabilities without direct intervention by the user from the system console. • "Chapter 6. The Intellec Monitor," which describes and shows examples of the Monitor commands for program debugging. • "Chapter 7. Interrupt Processing," which describes and shows examples of using the Intellec interrupt functions. • "Appendix A. Hexadecimal Paper Tape Format,t' which describes the paper tape format used by the Monitor. • "Appendix B. Hexadecimal-Decimal Conversion," which is an aid for doing hexadecimal to decimal and decimal to hexadecimal conversions. • "Appendix C. Error Messages," which is a listing of the error messages issued by ISIS-II and the ISIS-II commands. • "Appendix D. ISIS-II Sample Programs-TYPE," which lists two versions of TYPE, in PL/M and in 8080/8085 Assembly Language. • "Appendix E. ASCII Codes," which shows ASCII codes, their meanings, and their values. Related Publications For more information on the Intellec Series II microcomputer development system see the following manuals: • A Guide to Intellec Microcomputer Development Systems, 9800558, which introduces microcomputer development systems in general and the Intellec systems in particular. It presents an overview of the purpose and use of develop­ ment systems. • Intellec Series II Model 210 User's Guide, 9800557, which describes the use of the facilities of the Intellec Series II ROM-based Microcomputer Development System. iii • Intellec Series II Installation Manual, 9800559, which contains the installation information for all models. • Intellec Series II Hardware Interface Manual, 9800555, which describes the use of peripheral I/O devices with the Intellec Series II. • Intellec Series II Schematic Drawing, 9800554, which contains the schematic diagrams for Intellec Series II Microcomputer Development Systems. For more information on the Intellec Microcomputer Development System see the following manuals: • Intellec MDS Operator's Manual, 9800129, which describes how to operate the basic system. • Intellec MDS Hardware Reference Manual, 9800132, which describes the principles of operation of the system. • MDS-DOS Hardware Reference Manual, 9800212, and the Intellec Double Density Diskette Operating System Hardware Reference Manual, 9800422, which describes the physical installation of the flexible disk drives supported by ISIS-II for the Intellec Microcomputer Development System. • MDS-740 Hard Disk Subsystem Operating and Checkout, 9800943, which describes the day-to-day operation procedures for the hard disk drive. Additionally, you may need some of the following manuals. These manuals are available from the Intel Corporation or your supplier. • PL/M-SO Programming Manual, 9800286. • PL/M-SO Compiler Operator's Manual, 9800300. • PL/M-S6 Programming Manual, 9800466. • PL/M-S6 Compiler Operator's Manual, 9800478. • FORTRAN-SO Programming Manual, 9800481. • ISIS-II FORTRAN-SO Compiler Operator's Manual, 9800480. • SOSO/S085 Assem bly Language Programming Man ual, 9800301. • ISIS-II SOSO/S085 Macro Assembler Operator's Manual, 9800292. • MCS-S6 Assembly Language Reference Manual, 9800640. • MCS-S6 Assembler Operating Instructions for ISIS-II Users, 9800641. • BASIC-80 Reference Manual, 9800758. • ISIS-II CREDIT (CRT-Based Text Editor) User's Guide, 9800902 • MCS-4S and UPI-41 Assembly Language Programming and Operator's Manual, 9800255. Notational Conventions The following conventions are used to show syntax in this manual: UPPERCASE Information in uppercase must be entered as shown. It can be entered in uppercase or lowercase. <lowercase> Fields in lowercase indicate variable information. They are enclosed in angle brackets « » to show field limitation because some formats do not need a delimiting space or punc­ tuation. The angle brackets should not be entered. [ ] Brackets indicate optional fields. iv Ellipses indicate that a field may be repeated. { } Braces indicate a choice. One of the items within the braces must be picked unless the field is also surrounded by brackets, in which case it is optional. A vertical bar indicates choice of syntactic elements on either side. punctuation Punctuation other than ellipses, braces and brackets must be entered as shown. For example, the punctuation shown in the following command must be entered: SUBMIT PLM80(PROGA,SRC, '9 SEPT 78') v CONTENTS CHAPTERl PAGE PAGE INTRODUCTION The Intellec Systems . .. 1-1 Using ISIS-II Commands. .. 3-8 The ISIS-II Disk Operating System ................. 1-1 Command Syntax. .. 3-10 ISIS-II Functions. .. 1-2 Disk Maintenance Commands. .. 3-10 Disk Files. .. 1-2 IDISK - Disk Formatting Command. .. .. 3-10 Modular Programming ........................... 1-3 FORMAT - Disk Formatting Command ......... 3-12 FIXMAP - Map Bad Sectors on Hard Disk ....... 3-14 CHAPTER 2 FIXMAP Commands. .. 3-15 GETTING STARTED WITH ISIS-II Mark Command. .. 3-16 Free Command . .. 3-17 System Composition. .. 2-1 List Command ........ " ................... 3-18 ISIS-II Disks ................................. 2-1 Count Command ........................... 3-19 Memory ..................................... 2-2 Record Command .......................... 3-19 The Monitor. .. 2-2 Quit Command. .. 3-20 I/O Interface. .. 2-2 Exit Command ..................... .. 3-20 Editing. .. 2-3 FIXMAP Errors. .. 3-21 Code Format Translations. .. 2-3 Program Execution Commands ... .. 3-22 Module Management . .. 2-3 Filename - Direct Program Execution. .. 3-23 I/O Device Management .... " ... '..... '" ....... , 2-3 DEBUG - Program Execution Under Monitor .. 3-23 Device/File Name Format .... , '" ...... ,. " .... 2-3 SUBMIT - Non-Interactive Program Execution. 3-24 System Designated Device Names. .. 2-4 File Control Commands. .. 3-26 Device/File Accessing ......................... , 2-5 DIR - Disk Directory Listing. .. 3-26 System Start-Up ................................ 2-5 COpy - Copy a File ................. .. 3-28 Flexible Disk Care. .. 2-6 HDCOPY - Copy Hard Disk Tracks. .. 3-32 Hard Disk Care. .. 2-6 DELETE - Delete a Disk File. .. 3-34 Start-Up Procedure ....... " ., . '" .. " ......... 2-7 RENAME - Rename a Disk File .............. 3-36 Flexible Disk Start-Up ....................... 2-7 ATTRIB - Change/Display Disk File Attributes. 3-37 Intellec Series II Microcomputer Code Conversion Commands . .. 3-38 Development Systems. .. 2-7 BINOBJ - Convert Binary to Absolute Object Intellec Microcomputer Development Systems. 2-8 Module. .. 3-38 Hard Disk with Flexible Disk Start-Up .......... 2-8 HEXOBJ - Convert Hexadecimal Code to Hard Disk Start-Up
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2015 ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures Daniel Lincoln Stevens As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons Recommended Citation Stevens, Daniel Lincoln, "ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures" (2015). MSU Graduate Theses. 1503. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/1503 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISIS PROPAGANDA AND UNITED STATES COUNTERMEASURES A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Daniel Stevens December 2015 Copyright 2015 by Daniel Lincoln Stevens ii ISIS PROPAGANDA AND UNITED STATES COUNTERMEASURES Defense and Strategic studies Missouri State University, December 2015 Master of Science Daniel Stevens ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is threefold: 1. Examine the use of propaganda by the Islamic State in Iraq and al Sham (ISIS) and how its propaganda enables ISIS to achieve its objectives; 2.
    [Show full text]
  • CDS/ISIS Handbook by the Same Authors Which Was Published by the UK Library Association in 1994
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Middlesex University Research Repository The CDS/ISIS for WindowsHandbook Andrew Buxton Alan Hopkinson THE CDS/ISIS FOR WINDOWS Handbook Andrew Buxton Information Systems Manager Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex and Alan Hopkinson Head of Library Systems Middlesex University Paris, UNESCO/CI, September 2001 CONTENTS Foreword Preface Aims of this handbook Conventions used in this book 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Versions of CDS/ISIS for DOS and Windows 1.1.1 CDS/ISIS for DOS 1.1.2 CDS/ISIS for Windows 1.1.3 WWWISIS 1.1.4 JavaISIS 1.1.5 Other versions 1.2 General overview of CDS/ISIS for Windows 1.3 Record structure and record linking 1.4 The Windows version: the main menu 1.5 Availability of CDS/ISIS 1.6 Software contributed by users 1.7 User groups 1.8 Exchange formats 2 Overview of Windows 13 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Disk drives 2.3 The mouse 2.4 Files and file names 2.5 Folders 2.6 Features of Windows 2.6.1 The Window Bar 2.6.2 The Task Bar 2.6.3 Tabs 2.6.4 Other features of the bar 2.6.5 Menu Bar 2.6.6 Toolbar 2.7 Dialog boxes 2.7.1 Text entry box 2.7.2 List box 2.7.3 Combo box 2.7.4 Command buttons 2.7.5 Radio buttons 2.7.6 Spin box 2.7.7 Check box 2.8 You need to know!..
    [Show full text]
  • CP/M-80 Kaypro
    $3.00 June-July 1985 . No. 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS C'ing Into Turbo Pascal ....................................... 4 Soldering: The First Steps. .. 36 Eight Inch Drives On The Kaypro .............................. 38 Kaypro BIOS Patch. .. 40 Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro . .. 42 48 Lines On A BBI ........ .. 44 Adding An 8" SSSD Drive To A Morrow MD-2 ................... 50 Review: The Ztime-I .......................................... 55 BDOS Vectors (Mucking Around Inside CP1M) ................. 62 The Pascal Runoff 77 Regular Features The S-100 Bus 9 Technical Tips ........... 70 In The Public Domain... .. 13 Culture Corner. .. 76 C'ing Clearly ............ 16 The Xerox 820 Column ... 19 The Slicer Column ........ 24 Future Tense The KayproColumn ..... 33 Tidbits. .. .. 79 Pascal Procedures ........ 57 68000 Vrs. 80X86 .. ... 83 FORTH words 61 MSX In The USA . .. 84 On Your Own ........... 68 The Last Page ............ 88 NEW LOWER PRICES! NOW IN "UNKIT"* FORM TOO! "BIG BOARD II" 4 MHz Z80·A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH "SASI" HARD·DISK INTERFACE $795 ASSEMBLED & TESTED $545 "UNKIT"* $245 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS Jim Ferguson, the designer of the "Big Board" distributed by Digital SIZE: 8.75" X 15.5" Research Computers, has produced a stunning new computer that POWER: +5V @ 3A, +-12V @ 0.1A Cal-Tex Computers has been shipping for a year. Called "Big Board II", it has the following features: • "SASI" Interface for Winchester Disks Our "Big Board II" implements the Host portion of the "Shugart Associates Systems • 4 MHz Z80-A CPU and Peripheral Chips Interface." Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy-disk The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz.
    [Show full text]
  • Isis-Ii 8080/8085 Macro Assembler Operator's Manual
    ISIS-II 8080/8085 MACRO ASSEMBLER OPERATOR'S MANUAL Manual Order Number: 9800292-04 Rev. D Copyright © 1977, 1979, 1980 Intel Corporation I Intel Corporation, 3065 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95051 I Additional copies of this manual or other Intel literature may be obtained from: Literature Department Intel Corporation 3065 Bowers Avenue Santa Clara, CA 95051 The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Intel Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Intel Corporation makes no commitment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an Intel product. No other circuit patent licenses are implied. Intel software products are copyrighted by and shall remain the properly of Intel Corporation. Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions stated in Intel's software license, or as defined in ASPR 7-104.9(a)(9). No part of this document may be copi~d or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Intel Corporation. The following are trademarks of Intel Corporation and may be used only to describe Intel products: iSBC Multimodule ICE Library Manager PROMPT iCS MCS Promware Insite Megachassis RMX Intel Micromap UPI Intelevision Multibus "scope Intellec and the combination of ICE, iCS, iSBC, MCS, or RMX and a numerical suffix.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,486,827 Shima Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,486,827 Shima et al. (45. Date of Patent: Dec. 4, 1984 (54) MICROPROCESSORAPPARATUS (56) References Cited 75 Inventors: Masatoshi Shima, Santa Clara; U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Federico Faggin, Cupertino; Ralph K. 3.969,724 7/1976 And al. .................. 364/200 Ungermann, Los Aitos, all of Calif. sw-Y A lderson et w 73 Assignee: Zilog, Inc., Campbell, Calif. Primary Examiner-Felix D. Gruber Assistant Examiner-John G. Mills 21 Appl. No.: 340,470 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Majestic, Gallagher, Parsons (22 Filed: Jan. 18, 1982 & Siebert Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT 62) Division of ser. No. 092.827, Nov. 9, 1979, Pat No. A special reset function is provided in the CPU using 4,332,008, which is a division of ser. No.665228, Mar. the same control input to the CPU as the normal reset, 9, 1976, abandoned. to reset only the program counter to facilitate the use of 51 Int. C1.3 G06F 9/OO a single CPU in a microprocessor development system. 52 U.S. C. .................................................... 364/200 58) Field of Search ................................ 364/200,900 7 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures SEEgil A 0 0 - A ResET OSE CHP O cLRC f/f SPECA ReSeT data is preset our Ng cock is low, AA will se RANSFERREd to OPU on RSNG Ege of cock M 2 old RESETNORMA f d) NRES U.S. Patent Dec. 4, 1984 Sheet 1 of 13 4,486,827 8-BIT DATA BUS DATA BUS CONTROL INTERNAL DATA BUS INSTRUCTION DECODE 8 3 CPU CPU AND CONTROL CPU SYSTEM CPU REGISTERS CONTROL CONTROL SIGNALS O ADDRESS CONTROL 6-BT ADDRESS BUS CPUBLOCK DAGRAM FIG.
    [Show full text]
  • Universal Prom Programmer User's Manual
    UNIVERSAL PROM PROGRAMMER USER'S MANUAL Order Number: 9800819-03 Copyright © 1978,1981 Intel Corporation 1 Intel Corporation, 3065 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95051 I REV. REVISION HISTORY DATE -01 First Issue. 11/78 -03 Incorporates all change· packages issued against 6/81 original manual. Includes information on use of following additional personality modules and adapters: UPP-833, UPP-820, UPP-564, UPP-551, UPP:..549 and UP2. Adds information on reading 8086 object files. Adds description of FILL command. Additional copies of this manual or other Intel literature may be obtained from: Literature Department Intel Corporation 3065 Bowers Avenue Santa Clara, CA 95051 The information iri this dQcument is subject to change without notice. Intel Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Intel Corporation makes no commitment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an Intel product. No other circuit patent licenses are implied. Intel software products are copyrighted by and shall remain the property of Intel Corporation. Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions stated in Intel's software license, or as defined in ASPR 7-104.9(a)(9). No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Intel Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Intel Intellec 8 Intellec 4 Broc
    The widespread usage of low-cost microcomputer Intellec 8, edit and modify it, then assemble it and systems is made possible by Intel's development and use the monitor to load the assembled program. volume production of the MCS-4 and MCS-8 micro­ Other development tools for the Intellec 8 include a computer sets. To make it easier to use these sets, PL/M compiler, cross assembler, and simulator de­ Intel now offers complete 4-bit and 8-bit modular signed to operate on general-purpose computers. microcomputer development systems called Intellec PL/M, a new high-level language, has been devel­ 4 and I ntellec 8. oped as an assembly language replacement. A PL/M The Intellec modular microcomputers provide a program can be written in less than 10% of the time flexible, inexpensive, and simplified method for it takes to write that same program in assembly developing OEM systems. They are self-contained, language without loss of machine efficiency. expandable systems complete with central processor, The Intellec 4 Four-Bit Microcomputer Development memory, I/O, crystal clock, power supplies, standard System The Intellec 4 is a 4-bit microcomputer software, and a control and display console. development system for both prototype and produc­ tion applications. It contains 5K bytes of program The major benefit of the Intellec modular microcom­ memory, data storage, I/O, TTY interface, standard puters is that random access memories (RAMS) may software, control panel, and power supplies-all in be used instead of read-only memories (ROMS) for a small, compact cabinet. The Intellec 4 is designed program storage.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 5 Library and Information Storage and Retrieval Software
    Application Software UNIT 5 LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SOFTWARE Structure 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Microcomputer Software Packages 5.2.1 Software Availability 5.2.2 CDS/ISIS Software (Micro Version) 5.2.3 INMAGIC Plus 5.2.4 CAIRS LMS 5.2.5 TECLIB Pius 5.2.6 Softlink Library Automation Software Package 5.3 Summary 5.4 Answers to Self Check Exercises 5.5 Key Weds 5.6 References and Further Reading 5.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to: • understand the special features concerning Library and Information Storage aid Retrieval Software; • discuss the significant characteristics of some select software packages designed for the purpose; and • identify and select the most appropriate software package to meet your specific Leeds. 5.1 INTRODUCTION IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) was one of the earliest to invest money to develop software packages intended for Information Storage and Retrieval. The well known package STAIRS (an acronym for Storage and Information Retrieval System) was developed to be used on IBM machines, that too mainframe series. STAIRS was a machine dependent program which was commercially made available for any one who could afford its cost. This package has been used by some organisations to manage bibliographic databases. It was a powerful text-retrieval system which enabled string searching from any part of the record. Following the introduction of STAIRS, similar programs soon became available on mainframes as well as minicomputers. Packages like ISIS, MINISIS came into existence. But most of these packages were hardware dependent, and therefore could not be used on a wider scale due to lack of portability.
    [Show full text]
  • Don Maslin CP/M Collection
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8ws90bd No online items Guide to the Don Maslin CP/M collection Finding aid prepared by Rita Wang and Sydney Gulbronson Olson, 2017. Elena Colón-Marrero, and Pennington Ahlstrand, 2020. Processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from the National Archives' National Historical Publications & Records Commission: Access to Historical Records grant. Computer History Museum 1401 N. Shoreline Blvd. Mountain View, CA, 94043 (650) 810-1010 [email protected] August 2020 Guide to the Don Maslin CP/M X6817.2013 1 collection Title: Don Maslin CP/M collection Identifier/Call Number: X6817.2013 Contributing Institution: Computer History Museum Language of Material: English Physical Description: 29.5 Linear feet,19 record carts, 6 software boxes, and 1 periodical box Date (bulk): Bulk, 1977-1984 Date (inclusive): 1973-1996 Abstract: The Don Maslin CP/M collection consists of software and published documentation ranging from 1973 to 1996, with the bulk being from 1977 to 1984. About half of the collection consists of software in floppy disk and cassette formats. Most of this portion of the collection pertains to CP/M and applications that were written for the CP/M operating system. The other half of the collection contains text documentation such as reference manuals and user guides for a variety of software and hardware. A significant portion of the text is related to hardware, some of which was donated with this collection and is cataloged separately. Notable companies in this collection include Advanced Computer Design, Advanced Digital Corporation, Epson, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, MicroPro, and Tektronix.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer
    The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer Zbigniew Stachniak York University, Canada MCM/70, manufactured by Micro Computer Machines (MCM), was a small desktop microcomputer designed to provide the APL programming language environment for business, scientific, and educational use. MCM was among the first companies to fully recognize and act upon microprocessor technology’s immense potential for developing a new generation of cost-effective computing systems. This article discusses the pioneering work on personal microcomputers conducted at MCM in the early 1970s and, in particular, the making of the MCM/70 microcomputer. Personal computing might have started as early forces met in the middle, they would bring as the 1940s, when Edmund Berkeley, a great about a revolution in personal computing.”1 enthusiast of computing and computer educa- Much has already been written about the tion, conceived his first small computing device timing of this convergence and about the peo- and named it Simon. Simon was a relay-based ple and events that were the catalysts for it. One device, and Berkeley published its design interpretation that has long ago filtered into the between 1950 and 1951 in a series of articles in folklore of the modern history of computing Radio Electronics. Alternatively, one might con- and into popular culture depicts the two forces sider personal computing’s time line to have rushing past each other in the period between begun with the Digital Equipment PDP-8 com- the introduction of the first 8-bit microproces- puter, the machine that brought about the era of sor and the announcement of the Altair 8800.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium
    Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium List of Aviation, Aerospace and Aeronautical Acronyms DLR-IB-FL-BS-2021-1 Institute of Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium Flight Guidance Document properties Title Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium Subject List of Aviation, Aerospace and Aeronautical Acronyms Institute Institute of Flight Guidance, Braunschweig, German Aerospace Center, Germany Authors Nikolai Rieck, Marco-Michael Temme IB-Number DLR-IB-FL-BS-2021-1 Date 2021-01-28 Version 1.0 Title: Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium Date: 2021-01-28 Page: 2 Version: 1.0 Authors: N. Rieck & M.-M. Temme Institute of Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium Flight Guidance Index of contents 2.1. Numbers and Punctuation Marks _______________________________________________________ 6 2.2. Letter - A ___________________________________________________________________________ 7 2.3. Letter - B ___________________________________________________________________________ 55 2.4. Letter - C __________________________________________________________________________ 64 2.5. Letter - D _________________________________________________________________________ 102 2.6. Letter - E __________________________________________________________________________ 128 2.7. Letter - F __________________________________________________________________________ 152 2.8. Letter - G _________________________________________________________________________ 170 2.9. Letter - H _________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Junos® OS CLI User Guide Copyright © 2021 Juniper Networks, Inc
    Junos® OS CLI User Guide Published 2021-09-22 ii Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, Juniper, and Junos are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, service marks, registered marks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners. Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. Junos® OS CLI User Guide Copyright © 2021 Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is current as of the date on the title page. YEAR 2000 NOTICE Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. Junos OS has no known time-related limitations through the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036. END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT The Juniper Networks product that is the subject of this technical documentation consists of (or is intended for use with) Juniper Networks software. Use of such software is subject to the terms and conditions of the End User License Agreement ("EULA") posted at https://support.juniper.net/support/eula/. By downloading, installing or using such software, you agree to the terms and conditions of that EULA. iii Table of Contents About This Guide | xiv 1 Overview About the CLI Guide | 2 CLI
    [Show full text]