°“√»÷°…“§“√'‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õßõ'‡Àáπàπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥À“ß (Arctogalidia Trivirgata)

π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫

°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√¬âÕ¡ ’·∫∫∏√√¡¥“

Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß1 ‡√◊Õß«‘∑¬å ∫√√®ß√—µπå 2 Õ¿‘√¥’ »√’¿Ÿ¡‘ 3 æ√√≥’ ™‘‚π√—°…å 4 «‘«√√∏πå ·°àπ “5 ÿ‡¡∏ °¡≈π√π“∂6 ·≈– ‚ ¿≥ ¥”πÿâ¬7

Abstract Tanomtong, A.1, Bunjonrat, R.2, Sriphoom, A.2, Chinorak, P.2, Kaensa, W.1, Kamolnarranath, S.3 and Dumnui, S.3 A study on karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata (Carnivora, Viverridae) by using conventional staining method Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(6) : 1209-1220

This research was the first karyotypic study of Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata). Blood samples were taken from two males and two females kept in Dusit Zoo, Bangkok. After the standard whole blood lymphocyte culture at 37ºC for 72 hr. in presence of Colchicine, the metaphase spreads were

1Genetics program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Khaen University, Muang, Khon Khaen 40002 Thailand. 2Genetics program, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkron University, Phaya Thai, Bangkok 10400 Thailand. 3The Zoological Park Organization, Rama 5, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand. 1«∑.¡.(æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å 5π—°»÷°…“À≈—° Ÿµ√«∑.¡. “¢“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å ¿“§«‘™“™’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¢Õπ·°àπ Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 2«∑.¡.(æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å 3π—°»÷°…“À≈—° Ÿµ√«∑.¡. “¢“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å 4«∑.¡.(™’««‘∑¬“) √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å “¢“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å ¿“§«‘™“æƒ°…»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ æ≠“‰∑ ª∑ÿ¡«—π °√ÿß‡∑æœ 10400 6 æ.∫.( —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å) ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ à«π«‘™“°“√ 7«∑.∫.( —µ«»“ µ√å) ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√Õß§å°“√ «π —µ«å „πæ√–∫√¡√“™Ÿª∂—¡¿å ∂ππæ√–√“¡ 5 ‡¢µ¥ÿ ‘µ °√ÿß‡∑æœ 10300 Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] √—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 1 ∏—π«“§¡ 2547 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 25 æƒ…¿“§¡ 2548 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1210 Tanomtong, A., et al.

performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional Giemsa's staining were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosome of Small-toothed palm civet was 2n = 40, the fundamental number (NF) was 66 in both male and female. The type of autosomes were 2 large metacentric, 2 large submetacentric, 8 large acrocentric, 4 large telocentric, 4 medium submetacentric, 4 medium telocentric, 4 small metacentric, 2 small submetacentric, 2 small acrocentric and 6 small telocentric chromosomes. In addition, chromosome 17 showed a clearly observable satellite. X-chromosome was the large metacentric and Y chromosome was the smallest acrocentric chromosome. The karyotype formula for the male Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) is as follows: m sm a t sm t m sm a t 2n (40) = L 2+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 2+S 6+X+Y m sm a t sm t m sm a t =L 3+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 3+S 6 The karyotype formula for the female Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) is as follows: m sm a t sm t m sm a t 2n (40) = L 2+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 2+S 6+X+X m sm a t sm t m sm a t =L 4+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 2+S 6 Key words : cytogenetics, karyotype, Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ‡√◊Õß«‘∑¬å ∫√√®ß√—µπå Õ¿‘√¥’ »√’¿Ÿ¡‘ æ√√≥’ ™‘‚π√—°…å «‘«√√∏πå ·°àπ “ ÿ‡¡∏ °¡≈π√π“∂ ·≈– ‚ ¿≥ ¥”πÿâ¬ °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√ ¬âÕ¡ ’·∫∫∏√√¡¥“ «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(6) : 1209-1220

‡ªìπ√“¬ß“π§√—Èß·√°¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰ª∑å„πÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß „™âµ—«Õ¬à“ß —µ«å‡æ»ºŸâ 2 µ—« ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ 2 µ—« ®“° «π —µ«å¥ÿ ‘µ °√ÿß‡∑æœ ‡µ√’¬¡‚§√‚¡‚´¡¥â«¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 37 oC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 72 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§‚§≈™‘´‘π-‰Œ‚ª‚∑π‘§-øî°‡´™—Ëπ-·Õ√å¥“√å¬Õ‘ß ¬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’®‘¡´à“ º≈°“√»÷°…“ æ∫«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n (diploid) ‡∑à“°—∫ 40 ·∑àß ¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π‡∑à“°—∫ 66 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“- ‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 8 ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß ·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 6 ·∑àß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 17 ®—¥‡ªìπ satellite chromosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥ ‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¡’ Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ §◊Õ 2n (40) = Lm +Lsm + La +Lt +Msm +Mt +Sm +Ssm +Sa +St +X+Y 2 2 8 4 4 4 4 2 2 6 m sm a t sm t m sm a t À√◊Õ = L 3+L 2+ L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 3+S 6 Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»‡¡’¬ §◊Õ m sm a t sm t m sm a t 2n (40) = L 2+L 2+ L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 2+S 6+X+X m sm a t sm t m sm a t À√◊Õ = L 4+L 2+ L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+S 2+S 2+S 6 «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. §“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1211 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–®—¥®”·π°Õπÿ°√¡ ≈“¬À√◊ÕÕ’‡ÀÁπ∏√√¡¥“ (Asian palm civet, Paradoxurus «‘∏“π‰¥â¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È hermaphroditus) Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ (Masked palm civet, Kingdom : Animalia Paguma lavata) Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Small-toothed Phylum : Chrodata palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata) Class : Mammal 2. «ß»å¬àÕ¬ Viverrinae ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬™–¡¥·ª≈ß Order : Carnivora ≈“¬·∂∫ (Banded linsang, Prionodon linsang) ™–¡¥ Family : Viverridae ·ª≈ß≈“¬®ÿ¥ (Spotted linsang, Prionodon pardiccolor) Subfamily : Paradoxurinae ™–¡¥·ºß —πÀ“ß¥” (Large-spotted civet, Viverra Genus : Arctogalidia megaspila) ™–¡¥·ºßÀ“ßª≈âÕß (Large Indian civet, Species : Arctogalidia trivirgata Viverra zibetha) ·≈–™–¡¥‡™Á¥ (Small Indian civet, Wilson ·≈– Cole (2000) √“¬ß“π«à“ —µ«å°‘π‡π◊ÈÕ Viverricular indica) (Carnivores) ∑—Ë«‚≈°¡’Õ¬Ÿà 11 «ß»å 23 «ß»å¬àÕ¬ 129 °ÿ≈ 3. «ß»å¬àÕ¬ Hemigalinae ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õ’‡ÀÁππÈ” 271 ™π‘¥ ·≈– Hickman ·≈– Robert (1994) ¬—ß (Otter civet, Cynogale bennettii) ·≈–Õ’‡ÀÁπ≈“¬≈“¥ √“¬ß“π«à“ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πÕ—π¥—∫°‘π‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà 11 «ß»å ‰¥â·°à (Banded palm civet, Hemigalus derbyanus) (‚Õ¿“ , ÿπ—¢ (dogs) À¡’ (bears) ·√§§Ÿπ·≈– —µ«å∑’Ë„°≈â‡§’¬ß 2541; Lekagul and McNeely, 1977, 1988; Wilson (raccoons and relatives) Õ’‡ÀÁπ ™–¡¥ À¡’¢Õ (civets and Cole, 2000) and relatives) ‰Œ¬’π“ (hyenas) ‡ ◊Õ ·¡« (cats) æ—ßæÕπ —µ«å„π«ß»å Viverridae ®—¥‡ªìπ —µ«åªÉ“§ÿâ¡§√Õß (mongooses) ‡« ´— ·∫¥‡®Õ√å –§—ß π“° (weasels, µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ ß«π·≈–§ÿâ¡§√Õß —µ«åªÉ“ æ.». 2535 badgers, skunks, otters) «Õ≈√— (walrus) ‘ß‚µ∑–‡≈ ®”π«π 8 ™π‘¥ ·≈–„π®”π«ππ’È∂Ÿ°®—¥„Àâ‡ªìπ —µ«åªÉ“∑’Ë¡’ (sea lions) ·≈–·¡«πÈ” (seals) ·π«‚πâ¡„°≈â Ÿ≠æ—π∏ÿå (Vulnerable, VU) ®”π«π 1 ™π‘¥ —µ«å„π«ß»å Viverridae ∑—Ë«‚≈°¡’Õ¬Ÿà∑—Èß ‘Èπ 6 «ß»å ‰¥â·°à ™–¡¥·ºß —πÀ“ß¥” ®—¥‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ë¡’ ¿“æ„°≈â ¬àÕ¬ 20 °ÿ≈ ·≈– 38 ™π‘¥ (Wilson and Cole, 2000) Ÿ≠æ—π∏ÿå (Endangered, EN) ®”π«π 3 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ™–¡¥ ”À√—∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 3 «ß»å¬àÕ¬ 9 °ÿ≈ ·≈– ·ª≈ß≈“¬®ÿ¥ ™–¡¥·ª≈ß≈“¬·∂∫ Õ’‡ÀÁπ≈“¬æ“¥ ·≈– 11 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ®—¥‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ë¡’ ¿“æ„°≈â Ÿ≠æ—π∏ÿåÕ¬à“ß¬‘Ëß (Critically en- 1. «ß»å¬àÕ¬ Paradoxurinae ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬À¡’¢Õ dangered, CR) ®”π«π 1 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à Õ’‡ÀÁππÈ” (ª√–∑’ª, À√◊Õ∫‘πµÿ√ß (Binturong, Arctictis binturong) Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß 2541; ¡™“¬, 2540)

Figure 1. Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata (Carnivora, Viverridae) Source : http://www.chiangmaizoo.com/animal/pg-an013.asp Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1212 Tanomtong, A., et al.

Lekagul ·≈– McNeely (1977, 1988) √“¬ß“π Benirschke (1967, 1968); Wada ·≈–§≥– (1983); «à“Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫‰¥â 3 ™π‘¥¬àÕ¬ Wang ·≈–§≥– (1984); Masashi ·≈– Harumi (1993) (subspecies) ‰¥â·°à Arctogalidia trivirgata leucotis (Table 1) (Horsfield, 1851), A. t. major Miller, 1906 ·≈– A. t. macra Miller, 1913 ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“« «— ¥ÿ Õÿª°√≥å ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ ÀŸ¥à“ß (Figure 1) ‰¥â·°à ¢πµ“¡≈”µ—«¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ ’ ®“° ’πÈ”µ“≈‡∑“‰ª®π∂÷ß ’πÈ”µ“≈‡¢â¡ ¡’·∂∫ ’¥”®“ßÊ 3 µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‰¥â®“°Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“« ·∂∫Õ¬Ÿà∫√‘‡«≥À≈—ß à«π„∫ÀŸ·≈– —π®¡Ÿ°¡’ ’¢“« À“ß¡’ ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ 2 µ—« ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ 2 µ—« ∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π «π —µ«å §«“¡¬“«¡“°°«à“§«“¡¬“«≈”µ—« Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡ªÉ“∑’ËÀà“ß ¥ÿ ‘µ °√ÿß‡∑æœ ∑”°“√‡®“–‡°Á∫‡≈◊Õ¥‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ª√“» ‰°≈¡πÿ…¬å À“°‘π‡«≈“°≈“ß§◊πµ“¡µâπ‰¡â °‘πÕ“À“√‰¥â∑—Èß ®“°‡™◊ÈÕ (aseptic technique) ®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∫√‘‡«≥ æ◊™·≈– —µ«å ‡™àπ °√–√Õ° π° ·¡≈ß º≈‰¡âªÉ“ ‡ªìπµâπ ≈”§Õ (jugular vein) ‡°Á∫„πÀ≈Õ¥ ÿ≠≠“°“» (vacuum µ—Èß∑âÕßπ“πª√–¡“≥ 45 «—π ÕÕ°≈Ÿ°§√—Èß≈– 2-3 µ—« Õ“¬ÿ tube) ¢π“¥ 10 ¡≈. ∑’Ë∫√√®ÿ “√ heparin ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π ¬◊πª√–¡“≥ 10-12 ªï (Lekagul and McNeely 1977, °“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õß‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈â«∑”°“√·™à„π°√–µ‘°πÈ”·¢Áßµ≈Õ¥ 1988) °“√‡¥‘π∑“ß®π∂÷ßÀâÕßªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√∑¥≈Õß ®“°°“√µ√«® Õ∫‡Õ° “√ß“π«‘®—¬ æ∫«à“ ¬—ß‰¡à¡’ ·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 à«π §◊Õ √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß ·µà æ∫«à“¡’°“√»÷°…“„π —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ Paradoxurinae 1. °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å ‡¥’¬«°—π ∑’Ë‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‰¥â·°à À¡’¢Õ ∑”°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«™π‘¥ T- Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬ ·≈–Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ ¥—ß√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß lymphocyte ∑’Ë¥—¥·ª≈ß¡“®“°«‘∏’°“√„π¡πÿ…¬å¢Õß Õ¡√“ Ray-Chaudhuri ·≈–§≥– (1966); Wurster ·≈– (2540) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«®“°‡≈◊Õ¥

Table 1. Karyotypic studies of animals species in the subfamily Paradoxurinae (Carnivora, Viverridae).

Species 2n NF m+sm a+sa t+st X Y Reference Binturong 42 66 in male 22 18 - m(M) m(S) Wurster and Benitrschke (Arctictis binturong) and female (1967, 1968) Asian palm civet 42 - 20 - 20 m(M) sm(S) Ray-Chaudhuri et al. (Paradoxurus (1966) hermaphroditus) 42 66 in male 22 18 - m(M) - (S) Wurster and Benitrschke and female (1967, 1968) Masked palm civet 44 ------Wada et al. (1983) (Paguma lavata) 44 68 in male 22 20 - m(M) sm(S) Wurster and Benitrschke and female (1967, 1968) 44 69 in male 24 18 - m(-) a(-) Wang et al. (1984) 68 in female 44 66 in male 8 18 16 m(-) m(-) Masashi and Harumi and female (1993)

2n = diploid number NF = fundamental number m = metacentric sm = submetacentric a = acrocentric sa = subacrocentric t = telocentric st = subtelocentric X = X-chromosome Y = Y-chromosome M = medium chromosome S = small chromosome «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. §“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1213 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ (whole blood microculture) „ ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬ ∑”´È”®π‰¥â “√≈–≈“¬∑’Ë„ ·≈–¡’µ–°Õπ 1.1 °“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å ‡´≈≈å∑’Ë°âπÀ≈Õ¥ ∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ “√≈–≈“¬¥â“π∫π∑‘Èß®π‡°◊Õ∫ 1) ‡µ√’¬¡Õ“À“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“« À¡¥ ·≈â«∑”°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å≈ß‰ªÕ’° 1 ¡≈. ∑”°“√ ™π‘¥ RPMI 1640 ∑’Ë¡’ “√°√–µÿâπ°“√·∫àß‡´≈≈å (mitogen) º ¡„Àâ‡¢â“°—π §◊Õ PHA (Phytohemagglutinin) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 2% π” 6) „™â micropipette ¥Ÿ¥ “√≈–≈“¬µ–°Õπ stock Õ“À“√·∫àß≈ß„π¢«¥Õ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«¢«¥ ‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«ª√‘¡“µ√ 20 ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√ ≈ß∫π ‰≈¥å∑’Ë ≈– 5 ¡≈. –Õ“¥·≈–‡¬Áπ®—¥ ∑”°“√º÷Ëß ‰≈¥å„Àâ·Àâß (air dry tech- 2) π”‡≈◊Õ¥Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß®”π«π 0.5 nique) ¡≈. À¬¥≈ß„π¢«¥‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ‡¢¬à“„Àâ “√≈–≈“¬·≈–‡≈◊Õ¥ 7) ¬âÕ¡ ’‚§√‚¡‚´¡·∫∫∏√√¡¥“ (conven- ‡¢â“°—π ªî¥Ω“¢«¥À≈«¡Ê π”‰ª∫à¡„πµŸâ∫à¡ (incubator) tional staining) ¥â«¬ ’ Giemsa's 10% ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 15 π“∑’ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 37ºC ∑’Ë¡’§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å 5% ·≈–∑”°“√ ∑”°“√≈â“ß ’ÕÕ°¥â«¬πÈ”ª√–ª“ º÷Ëß ‰≈¥å„Àâ·Àâß ·≈â«π”‰ª ‡¢¬à“‡≈◊Õ¥∑ÿ°‡™â“·≈–∑ÿ°‡¬Áπ »÷°…“µàÕ¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫„™â· ß™π‘¥∂à“¬√Ÿª‰¥â 3) ‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫‡«≈“‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å§◊Õ ™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 72 ∑”°“√À¬¥ “√≈–≈“¬ Colchicine ‡¢¬à“‡∫“Ê „Àâ‡¢â“ 2. °“√µ√«® Õ∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡ °—π ·≈â«π”‰ª∫à¡„πµŸâ∫à¡µàÕÕ’° 30 π“∑’ ∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡´≈≈å∑’Ë¡’°“√·∫àß‡´≈≈å√–¬–‡¡∑“‡ø 1.2 °“√‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å (metaphase) ∑’Ë¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¡à —ÈπÀ√◊Õ¬“«‡°‘π‰ª ·≈– 1) ∑”°“√¬â“¬ “√≈–≈“¬‡≈◊Õ¥®“°¢«¥‡æ“– ¡’°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¡à´âÕπ∑—∫°—π ∂à“¬¿“æ ‡≈’È¬ß‡≈◊Õ¥≈ß„πÀ≈Õ¥ªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß (graduated centrifuge) ‚§√‚¡‚´¡Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈– ¢π“¥ 12 ¡≈. π”¡“ªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ 20 ‡´≈≈å π”¿“æ¡“¢¬“¬∑’Ë 3,800 ‡∑à“ »÷°…“‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ ·≈â«∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ à«π„ (supernatant) ∑‘Èß µ“¡·∫∫¢Õß °—π¬“√—µπå (2532) ‚¥¬„™â‡«Õ√å‡π’¬√å«—¥ 2) ∑”„Àâ‡´≈≈åæÕßµ—«‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë‚§√‚¡‚´¡®–¡’ §«“¡¬“«¢Õß·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß¬“« (length long, Ll) °“√°√–®“¬µ—«¥’ ‚¥¬∑”°“√À¬¥ 0.075 M KCl ∑’Ë‡ªìπ ¢â“ß —Èπ (length short, Ls) ∑”°“√§”π«≥À“§à“§«“¡ hypotonic solution ®”π«π 10 ¡≈. ≈ß„πµ–°Õπ‡´≈≈å ¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß (length total, LT) §à“ ∑”°“√º ¡„Àâ‡¢â“°—π¥â«¬ vortex mixture ·≈â«∫à¡µàÕ‰ª relative length (RL) ·≈–§à“ centromeric index (CI) Õ’° 30 π“∑’ ·≈â«π”§à“ Ll, Ls, LT, RL ·≈– CI ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑—Èß 20 3) ‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫°”Àπ¥∑”°“√·¬°‡Õ“ KCl ÕÕ° ‡´≈≈å ¡“À“§à“‡©≈’Ë¬ (mean) π”§à“ RL ·≈– CI ¡“À“§à“ ‚¥¬π”‰ªªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ ‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π (standard deviation, SD) ·≈â«∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ à«π„ ∑‘Èß §à“§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß (LT) 4) ∑”°“√µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å (fix) ‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¬“ = §«“¡¬“«·¢π¢â“ß¬“« (Ll) + ·¢π¢â“ß —Èπ (Ls) µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’Ë·™à‡¬Áπ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡„À¡à‡ ¡Õ (fresh cold fix- §à“ relative length (RL) ative) ∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß methanol : glacial acetic acid = LT/§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑ÿ°§Ÿà (ΣLT) x 100 ‡ªìπ 3:1 „™âÀ≈Õ¥À¬¥ À¬¥πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’≈–À¬¥ æ√âÕ¡ §à“ centromeric index (CI) = Ll /LT °—∫º ¡‡´≈≈å„Àâ‡¢â“°—∫ “√≈–≈“¬¥â«¬ vortex mixture ‡µ‘¡ °“√®—∫§Ÿà¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡¬÷¥À≈—° ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È ®π‰¥âª√‘¡“µ√ª√–¡“≥ 8 ¡≈. π”‰ªªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 1. ∑”°“√®—∫§Ÿà¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‚¥¬¥Ÿ®“°§«“¡¬“« √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ ∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ à«ππÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å ·≈–µ”·Àπàß¢Õß‡´π‚∑√‡¡’¬√å (centromere) ´÷Ëß¡’§à“„°≈â ¥â“π∫π∑‘Èß ‡§’¬ß°—π °”Àπ¥À¡“¬‡≈¢‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß 5) ∑”´È”„π¢âÕ 4 Õ’° ‚¥¬§àÕ¬Ê ≈¥ª√‘¡“µ√ 2. «—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß®“°¿“æ πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’Ë„™â·µà≈–§√—Èß≈ß ®”π«π§√—Èß¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡ ∂à“¬ Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1214 Tanomtong, A., et al.

3. °”Àπ¥™π‘¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡®“°§à“ CI ¥—ßµàÕ‰ª ”À√—∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’√Õ¬§Õ¥∑’Ë Õß (satellite chromo- π’È some) ®–«“ß‰«â¡ÿ¡∫π¢«“ ÿ¥ ·≈–«“ß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ»‰«â §à“ CI ™π‘¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¡ÿ¡≈à“ß¢«“ ÿ¥ 0.500-0.599 ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° „π√“¬ß“π¢Õß Nash ·≈– O'Brien (1987); Wada 0.600-0.699 ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–§≥– (1991) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá„π —µ«å°≈ÿà¡ 0.700-0.899 Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° À¡’ (Usidae) ∑”°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫®“° 0.900-1.000 ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥„À≠à ÿ¥‰ª¬—ß‡≈Á° ÿ¥ ‚¥¬‰¡à¬÷¥«à“‡ªìπ 4. °”Àπ¥¢π“¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥„¥ ·≈–«“ß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ»‰«â¡ÿ¡≈à“ß¢«“ ÿ¥ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 ‡ªìπ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà„À≠à ÿ¥ (large, L) ®“°°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß„π§√—Èßπ’È ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥°≈“ß (medium, M) §◊Õ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’ ∑”°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáµ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Nash ·≈– O'Brien §«“¡¬“«πâÕ¬°«à“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¢Õß§«“¡¬“«‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß (1987); Wada et al. (1991) ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ –¥«°„π°“√»÷°…“ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà„À≠à ÿ¥√«¡°—∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà‡≈Á° ÿ¥ ·≈– ®“°°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá (Figure 2 and 3) ¢Õß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° (small, S) §◊Õ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’§à“§«“¡ Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n (diploid) ¬“«πâÕ¬°«à“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¢Õß§«“¡¬“«‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë ‡∑à“°—∫ 40 ·∑àß ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π „À≠à ÿ¥ «ß»å¬àÕ¬ Paradoxurinae ‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥„À≠à (L) = ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 §◊Õ À¡’¢Õ Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬ ·≈–Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥°≈“ß (M) < (LT ‡©≈’Ë¬§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 + LT ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 42, 42 ·≈– 44 ·∑àß µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡©≈’Ë¬§Ÿà ÿ¥∑â“¬) / 2 (Ray-Chaudhuri et al., 1966; Wurster and Benirschke, ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° (S) < LT ‡©≈’Ë¬§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 / 2 1967, 1968; Wada et al., 1983; Wang et al., 1984; Masashi and Harumi, 1993) ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ Õ’‡ÀÁπ º≈·≈–«‘®“√≥å°“√∑¥≈Õß Àπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ —µ«å„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬«°—π °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß —µ«å¡’√Ÿª·∫∫°“√®—¥§“√‘- Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π ‚Õ‰∑ªáÀ≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ´÷Ëß®–¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈– (fundamental number, NF) ‡∑à“°—∫ 66 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈– §«“¡ –¥«° ¥—ß√“¬ß“π¢Õß Ray-Chaudhuri ·≈–§≥– ‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ (1966) ∑”°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬‚¥¬‡√’¬ß ‡¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“¡’§à“„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—∫ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬« ≈”¥—∫¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡µ“¡™π‘¥ ®“°‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡∑“- °—π ‰¥â·°à À¡’¢Õ·≈–Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‡´π∑√‘° ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ´—∫‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–‡∑‚≈- æ◊Èπ∞“π‡∑à“°—∫ 66 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ (Wurster and ‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–¿“¬„π™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‡√’¬ß®“°¢π“¥„À≠à‰ª Benirschke, 1967, 1968) Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¬—ß¢π“¥‡≈Á° ÿ¥ ·≈–«“ß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ»‰«â¡ÿ¡≈à“ß¢«“ ÿ¥ æ◊Èπ∞“π ‡∑à“°—∫ 69 „π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈– 68 „π‡æ»‡¡’¬ (Wang ¢Õß¿“æ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π¢Õß Fredga (1972) ∑’Ë et al.,1984) ‡∑à“°—∫ 66 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ (Masashi ‰¥â»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õßæ—ßæÕπ ´÷Ëß®—¥‡ªìπ —µ«åÕ—π¥—∫°‘π and Harumi, 1993) ‡∑à“°—∫ 68 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‡π◊ÈÕ ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ·µà ”À√—∫„π√“¬ß“π¢Õß Wurster ·≈– (Wurster and Benirschke, 1967, 1968) ·≈–Õ‘¥‘‚Õ·°√¡ Benirschke (1968) ∑”°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß —µ«åÕ—π¥—∫ ¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Figure 4) · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√ °‘π‡π◊ÈÕÕÕ°‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ °≈ÿà¡·√°®–‡√’¬ß‚§√‚¡‚´¡®“° ≈¥¢π“¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬≈ß‰ªµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®“°¢π“¥ ¢π“¥„À≠à‰ª‡≈Á°¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡‡∑“‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫- „À≠à‰ª¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Õß®–‡√’¬ß‚§√‚¡‚´¡®“°¢π“¥„À≠à Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ (auto- ‰ª‡≈Á°¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° some) ∑’Ëª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. §“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1215 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

Figure 2. Metaphase chromosome and karyotype of male Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) 2n (diploid) = 40, satellite chromosome (arrows)

(metacentric) ¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ¢π“¥‡≈Á° 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß (submetacentric) ¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß ·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥ (acrocentric) ¢π“¥„À≠à 8 ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° (telo- ‡≈Á° 6 ·∑àß ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ centric) ¢π“¥„À≠à 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß ‡¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß¢Õß√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“ ‰¥â·°à 4 ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° Wurster ·≈– Benirschke (1967, 1968) √“¬ß“π«à“ Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1216 Tanomtong, A., et al.

Figure 3. Metaphase chromosome and karyotype of female Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) 2n (diploid) = 40, satellite chromosome (arrows)

À¡’¢Õ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“- Wurster ·≈– Benirschke (1967, 1968) √“¬ß“π«à“¡’ ‡´π∑√‘° 22 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° ‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° (subacrocentric) 18 ·∑àß Ray-Chaudhuri ·≈–§≥– 22 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° 18 ·∑àß (1966) √“¬ß“π«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥ Wang ·≈–§≥– (1984) √“¬ß“π«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 8 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 12 ·∑àß ´—∫‡∑‚≈- √à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 24 ·∑àß ‡´π∑√‘° (subtelocentric) 14 ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° 6 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° 18 ·∑àß Masashi ·≈– Harumi (1993) «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. §“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1217 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

Figure 4. Idiogram of Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) 2n (diploid) = 40

√“¬ß“π«à“¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°·≈– ¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–§Ÿà (LT) §à“ relative length (RL) ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 8 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° 8 ·∑àß ´—∫‡∑‚≈- §à“ centromeric index (CI) ·≈–§à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π ‡´π∑√‘° 16 ·∑àß πÕ°®“°π’È Wurster ·≈– Benirschke (SD) ¢Õß§à“ RL ·≈– CI (Table 2) (1967, 1968) √“¬ß“π«à“¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“- Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥ ‡´π∑√‘°·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 22 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°·≈– ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥ ´—∫Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° 20 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ ®“°°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’ °—∫ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß¢Õß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬ (chromosome marker) ‚¥¬æ∫ √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“ ‰¥â·°à À¡’¢Õ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥ «à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 17 (1 §Ÿà) ®—¥‡ªìπ satellite chromosome ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ‡¡∑“- (¡’∫√‘‡«≥¢Õß nucleolar organizer region, NOR) æ∫ ‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° (Wurster and Benirschke, 1967, «à“¡’§«“¡§≈â“¬°—∫√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å 1968) Õ’‡ÀÁπ¢â“ß≈“¬¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“- ¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬«°—π ‰¥â·°à Wurster ·≈– Benirschke (1967, ‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°∑’Ë¡’ 1968) ∑’Ë√“¬ß“π«à“À¡’¢Õ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë‡ªìπ satellite ¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (Ray-Chaudhuri et al., 1966) Õ’‡ÀÁπ chromosome ®”π«π 2 ·∑àß (1 §Ÿà) Ray-Chaudhuri ‡§√◊Õ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈– ·≈–§≥– (1966) ∑’Ë√“¬ß“π«à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 4 ¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° (Wang et al., 1984) ¢â“ß≈“¬‡ªìπ satellite chromosome πÕ°®“°π’È Wurster ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ·≈– Benirschke (1967, 1968); Wang ·≈–§≥– (1984); «“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° (Wurster and Benirschke, Masashi ·≈– Harumi (1993) √“¬ß“π«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπ‡§√◊Õ¡’ 1967, 1968; Masashi and Harumi, 1993) ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë‡ªìπ satellite chromosome ®”π«π 2 ·∑àß °“√»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢Õß —µ«å∑’Ë (1 §Ÿà) Õ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å‡¥’¬«°—π («ß»å Viverridae) ·µà‰¡à‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å ®“°°“√π”‡´≈≈å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¬–‡¡∑“‡ø ¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπ ¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß ‰¥â·°à Small-spotted Àπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈– 20 ‡´≈≈å ¡“∑” genet (Genetta genetta); ™–¡¥‡™Á¥ (Viverricular °“√«—¥¢π“¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ æ∫«à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπ indica); African civet (Civettictis civetta); ™–¡¥·ª≈ß Àπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡¬“«¢Õß·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß ≈“¬·∂∫ (Prionodon linsang) Õ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ Viverrinae —Èπ (Ls) §«“¡¬“«¢Õß·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß¬“« (Ll) §«“¡ æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 52, 36, 38 ·≈– 34 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1218 Tanomtong, A., et al.

Table 2. Mean of length short arm chromosome (Ls), length long arm chromosome, length total arm chromosome (LT), relative length (RL), centromeric index (CI) and standard deviation (SD) of RL, CI from metaphase chromosome 20 cells in male and female Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) 2n (diploid) = 40.

Chromosome Ls Ll LT RL+SD CI+SD Size of Type of pairs Chromosome Chromosome 1 0.35 1.17 1.52 8.61±0.000 0.769±0.008 L a 2 0.00 1.25 1.25 7.08±0.001 1.000±0.000 L t 3 0.27 0.90 1.17 6.62±0.001 0.765±0.006 L a 4 0.00 1.15 1.15 6.51±0.001 1.000±0.000 L t 5 0.54 0.57 1.11 6.28±0.000 0.515±0.010 L m 6 0.25 0.83 1.08 6.11±0.001 0.823±0.018 L a 7 0.30 0.77 1.06 6.00±0.000 0.726±0.013 L a 8 0.41 0.62 1.03 5.83±0.001 0.601±0.007 L sm 9 0.26 0.58 0.84 5.66±0.001 0.690±0.019 M sm 10 0.00 0.83 0.83 4.70±0.000 1.000±0.000 M t 11 0.29 0.50 0.79 4.47±0.001 0.632±0.011 M sm 12 0.00 0.76 0.76 4.30±0.001 1.000±0.000 M t 13 0.22 0.48 0.70 3.96±0.000 0.685±0.018 S sm 14 0.00 0.66 0.66 3.73±0.001 1.000±0.000 S t 15 0.00 0.55 0.55 3.11±0.001 1.000±0.000 S t 16 0.25 0.27 0.52 2.94±0.001 0.519±0.025 S m 17 0.12 0.39 0.51 2.88±0.000 0.764±0.011 S a 18 0.00 0.50 0.50 2.83±0.001 1.000±0.000 S t 19 0.21 0.23 0.43 2.43±0.001 0.534±0.013 S m X 0.40 0.59 0.99 5.66±0.001 0.595±0.013 L m Y 0.05 0.15 0.20 1.13±0.000 0.750±0.002 S a

L = large chromosome (mean of LT > 0.975) M = medium chromosome (mean of LT = 0.760-0.975) S = small chromosome (mean of LT < 0.760) m = metacentric chromosome sm = submetacentric chromosome a = acrocentric chromosome t = telocentric chromosome

·∑àß µ“¡≈”¥—∫ Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) Õ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ §◊Õ m sm a t sm t m ¬àÕ¬ Cryptoprotinae æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 2n (40) = L 2+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+ sm a t 42 ·∑àß ·≈– Hose's palm civet (Diplogale hosei); S 2+S 2+S 6+X+Y m sm a t sm t m Õ’‡ÀÁπ≈“¬æ“¥ (Himigalus derbyanus) Õ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ À√◊Õ =L3+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+ sm a t Hemigalinae æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 S 2+S 3+S 6 ·∑àß (Wurster and Benirschke, 1967, 1968) ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»‡¡’¬ §◊Õ m sm a t sm t m «à“ —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å Viverrinae ¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’ 2n (40) = L 2+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+ sm a t §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ ·≈–¬—ßæ∫«à“‰¡à¡’ —µ«å™π‘¥„¥∑’Ë¡’®”π«π S 2+S 2+S 6+X+X m sm a t sm t m ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡∑à“°—∫Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß À√◊Õ =L4+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+ sm a t S 2+S 2+S 6 «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. §“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß (Arctogalidia trivirgata) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1219 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥– √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß °—π¬“√—µπå ‰™¬ ÿµ. 2532. ‡´≈≈åæ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å·≈–‡´≈≈åÕπÿ°√¡ ‡ªìπ√“¬ß“π§√—Èß·√°¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß «‘∏“π¢Õßæ◊™ °ÿ≈ Zephyranthes. ¿“§«‘™“æƒ°…- Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“« »“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, ÀŸ¥à“ß¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 40 ·∑àß ¡’®”π«π °√ÿß‡∑æœ. 260 Àπâ“. ª√–∑’ª ¥â«ß·§. 2541. Wild mammals in Thailand. ”π—° ‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π‡∑à“°—∫ 66 ∑—Èß„π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡∑“- π‚¬∫“¬ ·≈–·ºπ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡: °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√. 118 Àπâ“. ‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 2 ¡™“¬ ‡≈’È¬ßæ√æ√√≥. 2540. °“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—æ¬“°√ —µ«åªÉ“„π ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à ·∑àß ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° 8 ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. ¿“§«‘™“¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å §≥–¡πÿ…¬å»“ µ√å·≈– ¢π“¥„À≠à 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß —ß§¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∑—°…‘≥, ß¢≈“. 233 Àπâ“. ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° Õ¡√“ §—¡¿‘√“ππ∑å. 2540. æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å¢Õß‡´≈≈å. ¿“§«‘™“ 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√- ¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß ·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 6 ·∑àß »“ µ√å, °√ÿß‡∑æœ. 312 Àπâ“. ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 17 ®—¥‡ªìπ satellite chromosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‚Õ¿“ ¢Õ∫‡¢µµå. 2541. ∑√—æ¬“°√ —µ«åªÉ“. °“√Õπÿ√—°…å ‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬ ∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. ‡ªìπ™π‘¥Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §≥–«π»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿß‡∑æ- Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»ºŸâ §◊Õ ¡À“π§√. 143 Àπâ“. 2n (40) = Lm +Lsm +La +Lt +Msm +Mt +Sm + Fredge, K. 1972. Comparative chromosome studies in 2 2 8 4 4 4 4 mongosses (Carnivora, Viverridae). Heredi. 71: Ssm +Sa +St +X+Y 2 2 6 1-74. À√◊Õ =Lm +Lsm +La +Lt +Msm +Mt +Sm + 3 2 8 4 4 4 4 Hickman, C.P. and Roberts, L.S. 1994. Biology of sm a t S 2+S 3+S 6 animals. Wm. C. Brown Communications: Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß‡æ»‡¡’¬ §◊Õ United Kingdom. 207 p. 2n (40) = Lm +Lsm +La +Lt +Msm +Mt +Sm + Lekagul, B. and McNeely, J.A. 1977. Mammals of 2 2 8 4 4 4 4 Thailand. 1sted. Kurusapha Ladprao Press: Ssm +Sa +St +X+X 2 2 6 Bangkok, Thailand. 758 p. m sm a t sm t m À√◊Õ =L4+L 2+L 8+L 4+M 4+M 4+S 4+ Lekagul, B. and McNeely, J.A. 1988. Mammals of sm a t nd S 2+S 2+S 6 Thailand. 2 ed. Sahakarn Bhaet: Bangkok, Thailand. 758. °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» Masashi, H. and Harumi, T. 1993. Karyotype study of the Masked palm civet, Paguma lavata in Japan (Viverridae). J. of the Mam. Soc. of Japan. 18: §≥–ºŸâ∑”°“√«‘®—¬¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥Õß§å°“√ «π —µ«å„π 39-42. æ√–∫√¡√“™Ÿª∂—¡¿å ∑’Ë‰¥â π—∫ πÿπ‡ß‘π∑ÿπ ”À√—∫°“√»÷°…“ Nash, W.G. and O'Brien, S.J. 1987. A comparative „π§√—Èßπ’È ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∑à“πºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ «π —µ«å¥ÿ ‘µ ∑’Ë‰¥â chromosome banding analysis of Ursidae and Õπÿ≠“µ∑”°“√‡®“–‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡≈◊Õ¥Õ’‡ÀÁπÀπâ“¢“«ÀŸ¥à“ß their relationship to other carnivores. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 45: 206-212. ·≈–¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–æπ—°ß“π «π —µ«å∑ÿ°∑à“π ∑’Ë Ray-Chaudhuri, S.P., Ranjini, P.V. and Sharma, T. 1966. ™à«¬„Àâ°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È ”‡√Á®≈ÿ≈à«ß¥â«¬¥’ Somatic chromosome of the common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Viverridae- Carnivora). Experi. 22(11): 740-741. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Karyotype of Small-toothed palm civet, Arctogalidia trivirgata Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1220 Tanomtong, A., et al.

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