List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
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PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R
Bull. Org. mond. Sante 1 Bull. World Hlth Org. 1952, 6, 381-465 PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R. POLLITZER, M.D. Division of Epidemiology, World Health Organization Manuscript received in April 1952 RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHA Reviewing in 1928 the then rather limited knowledge available concerning the occurrence and importance of plague in rodents other than the common rats and mice, Jorge 129 felt justified in drawing a clear-cut distinction between the pandemic type of plague introduced into human settlements and houses all over the world by the " domestic " rats and mice, and " peste selvatique ", which is dangerous for man only when he invades the remote endemic foci populated by wild rodents. Although Jorge's concept was accepted, some discussion arose regarding the appropriateness of the term " peste selvatique" or, as Stallybrass 282 and Wu Lien-teh 318 translated it, " selvatic plague ". It was pointed out by Meyer 194 that, on etymological grounds, the name " sylvatic plague " would be preferable, and this term was widely used until POzzO 238 and Hoekenga 105 doubted, and Girard 82 denied, its adequacy on the grounds that the word " sylvatic" implied that the rodents concerned lived in forests, whereas that was rarely the case. Girard therefore advocated the reversion to the expression "wild-rodent plague" which was used before the publication of Jorge's study-a proposal it has seemed advisable to accept for the present studies. Much more important than the difficulty of adopting an adequate nomenclature is that of distinguishing between rat and wild-rodent plague- a distinction which is no longer as clear-cut as Jorge was entitled to assume. -
Diet and Microhabitat Use of the Woodland Dormouse Graphiurus Murinus at the Great Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Diet and microhabitat use of the woodland dormouse Graphiurus murinus at the Great Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa by Siviwe Lamani A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (ZOOLOGY) in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture at the University of Fort Hare 2014 Supervisor: Ms Zimkitha Madikiza Co-supervisor: Prof. Emmanuel Do Linh San DECLARATION I Siviwe Lamani , student number 200604535 hereby declare that this dissertation titled “Diet and microhabitat use of the woodland dormouse Graphiurus murinus at the Great Fish River Reserve , Eastern Cape, South Africa” submitted for the award of the Master of Science degree in Zoology at the University of Fort Hare, is my own work that has never been submitted for any other degree at this university or any other university. Signature: I Siviwe Lamani , student number 200604535 hereby declare that I am fully aware of the University of Fort Hare policy on plagiarism and I have taken every precaution on complying with the regulations. Signature: I Siviwe Lamani , student number 200604535 hereby declare that I am fully aware of the University of Fort Hare policy on research ethics and have taken every precaution to comply with the regulations. The data presented in this dissertation were obtained in the framework of another project that was approved by the University Ethics committee on 31 May 2013 and is covered by the ethical clearance certificate # SAN05 1SGB02. Signature: ii SUPERVISOR’S FOREWORD The format of this Master’s dissertation (abstract, general introduction and two independent papers) has been chosen with two purposes in mind: first, to train the MSc candidate to the writing of scientific papers, and second, to secure and allow for a quicker dissemination of the scientific knowledge. -
No Evidence for Proteolytic Venom Resistance in Southern African Ground Squirrels
1 No evidence for proteolytic venom resistance in southern African ground squirrels Molly A. Phillips, Jane M. Waterman, Pg Du Plessis, Martin Smit, and Nigel C. Bennett Abstract Many species that interact with venomous snakes show resistances to their venoms. The family Sciuridae has several North American members that harass venomous snakes and show proteolytic resistances in their sera. We examined sera collected from an African ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) against two sympatric venomous snakes (Bitis arietans and Naja annulifera) and found no support for proteolytic resistance. Our results add to our understanding of the risks in predator defense within the family Sciuridae. Keywords: Xerus inauris; Bitis arietans; Naja annulifera; Venom; Venom resistance; Predator-prey Animal venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that induce many destructive physiological effects for a variety of purposes, including prey capture (Fry et al., 2008; Jansa and Voss, 2011), digestion (Thomas and Pough, 1979), and defense (Kardong, 1982). The evolution of venom in snakes is thought to be a major factor leading to the radiation of over 2500 advanced snake species (Vidal, 2002). Some animals that interact with venomous snakes have physiological resistance to venom. As a predator, the Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) is resistant to the haemorrhagic effects caused by the venom of many snake species (Tomihara et al., 1990). California ground squirrels (Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi) defend against snake predation by mobbing and have resistance against the proteolytic activity of the venom from northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) (Biardi, 2000). The Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) is a ground-dwelling sciurid that inhabits the arid regions of southern Africa (Skurski and Waterman, 2005). -
Further Assessment of the Genus Neodon and the Description of a New Species from Nepal
RESEARCH ARTICLE Further assessment of the Genus Neodon and the description of a new species from Nepal 1³ 2 2 3 Nelish PradhanID , Ajay N. Sharma , Adarsh M. Sherchan , Saurav Chhetri , 4 1³ Paliza Shrestha , C. William KilpatrickID * 1 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, 2 Center for Molecular Dynamics±Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, 3 Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America, 4 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America a1111111111 ³ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Recent molecular systematic studies of arvicoline voles of the genera Neodon, Lasiopod- omys, Phaiomys, and Microtus from Central Asia suggest the inclusion of Phaiomys leu- OPEN ACCESS curus, Microtus clarkei, and Lasiopodomys fuscus into Neodon and moving Neodon juldaschi into Microtus (Blanfordimys). In addition, three new species of Neodon (N. linz- Citation: Pradhan N, Sharma AN, Sherchan AM, Chhetri S, Shrestha P, Kilpatrick CW (2019) Further hiensis, N. medogensis, and N. nyalamensis) have recently been described from Tibet. assessment of the Genus Neodon and the Analyses of concatenated mitochondrial (Cytb, COI) and nuclear (Ghr, Rbp3) genes recov- description of a new species from Nepal. PLoS ered Neodon as a well-supported monophyletic clade including all the recently described ONE 14(7): e0219157. https://doi.org/10.1371/ and relocated species. Kimura-2-parameter distance between Neodon from western Nepal journal.pone.0219157 compared to N. sikimensis (K2P = 13.1) and N. irene (K2P = 13.4) was equivalent to genetic Editor: Johan R. -
29 Figure8. the Limited Rank Hydrophilic Sedge and Grass Patches Within the Central Valley Bottom Wetland Provide Suitable Roost
Figure8. The limited rank hydrophilic sedge and grass patches within the central valley bottom wetland provide suitable roosting and foraging habitat for African Grass Owls. The high levels of human disturbances on the site including hunting with dogs; severely restricts the likelihood of any nests and limits potential roosting suitability. The annual burning of the site restricts the vegetative cover along the valley bottom wetland. Off-road bikes, quads and vehicle tracks transverse the entire site as well as helicopter training and landing on the site and open areas to the south of the site adjacent to the Waterval cemetery. African Grass Owls are found exclusively in rank grass, typically, although not only, at fair altitudes. Grass Owls are secretive and nomadic breeding in permanent and seasonal vleis, which it vacates while hunting or post-breeding, although it will breed in any area of long grass and it is not necessarily associated with wetlands. It marshlands it is usually outnumbered by the more common Marsh Owl (Asio capensis) 10:1 (Tarboton et al. 1987). Grass Owls nest on the ground within a system of tunnels constructed in mostly tall grass; peak-breeding activity (February- April) tends to coincide with maximum grass cover (Steyn 1982). Grass Owls specialise in large rodent prey, particularly Otomys vlei rats, although a wide range of rodent prey species, including Rhabdomys, Praomys, Mus, and Suncus, are taken (Earle 1978). Some local and nomadic movements in response to fluctuating food supplies, fire and the availability of suitable habitat can be expected (Steyn 1982). The ecological requirements of this species make it susceptible to many land-use changes impacting contemporary South Africa. -
A Matter of Weight: Critical Comments on the Basic Data Analysed by Maestri Et Al
DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13098 CORRESPONDENCE A matter of weight: Critical comments on the basic data analysed by Maestri et al. (2016) in Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1192–1202 Abstract Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016), although we believe that an exploration Recently, Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016) assessed the effect of ecology of the quality of the original data informs both. Ultimately, we sub- and phylogeny on body size variation in communities of South mit that the matrix of body size and the phylogeny used by these American Sigmodontinae rodents. Regrettably, a cursory analysis of authors were plagued with major inaccuracies. the data and the phylogeny used to address this question indicates The matrix of body sizes used by Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016, p. that both are plagued with inaccuracies. We urge “big data” users to 1194) was obtained from two secondary or tertiary sources: give due diligence at compiling data in order to avoid developing Rodrıguez, Olalla-Tarraga, and Hawkins (2008) and Bonvicino, Oli- hypotheses based on insufficient or misleading basic information. veira, and D’Andrea (2008). The former study derived cricetid mass data from Smith et al. (2003), an ambitious project focused on the compilation of “body mass information for all mammals on Earth” We are living a great time in evolutionary biology, where the combi- where the basic data were derived from “primary and secondary lit- nation of the increased power of systematics, coupled with the use erature ... Whenever possible, we used an average of male and of ever more inclusive datasets allows—heretofore impossible— female body mass, which was in turn averaged over multiple locali- questions in ecology and evolution to be addressed. -
Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . .................................................... -
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and -
Intestinal Helminths in Wild Rodents from Native Forest and Exotic Pine Plantations (Pinus Radiata) in Central Chile
animals Communication Intestinal Helminths in Wild Rodents from Native Forest and Exotic Pine Plantations (Pinus radiata) in Central Chile Maira Riquelme 1, Rodrigo Salgado 1, Javier A. Simonetti 2, Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque 3 , Fernando Fredes 4 and André V. Rubio 1,* 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7750000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 537, Chillán 3812120, Chile; [email protected] 4 Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-229-780-372 Simple Summary: Land-use changes are one of the most important drivers of zoonotic disease risk in humans, including helminths of wildlife origin. In this paper, we investigated the presence and prevalence of intestinal helminths in wild rodents, comparing this parasitism between a native forest and exotic Monterey pine plantations (adult and young plantations) in central Chile. By analyzing 1091 fecal samples of a variety of rodent species sampled over two years, we recorded several helminth Citation: Riquelme, M.; Salgado, R.; families and genera, some of them potentially zoonotic. We did not find differences in the prevalence of Simonetti, J.A.; Landaeta-Aqueveque, helminths between habitat types, but other factors (rodent species and season of the year) were relevant C.; Fredes, F.; Rubio, A.V. -
Genus/Species Skull Ht Lt Wt Stage Range Abalosia U.Pliocene S America Abelmoschomys U.Miocene E USA A
Genus/Species Skull Ht Lt Wt Stage Range Abalosia U.Pliocene S America Abelmoschomys U.Miocene E USA A. simpsoni U.Miocene Florida(US) Abra see Ochotona Abrana see Ochotona Abrocoma U.Miocene-Recent Peru A. oblativa 60 cm? U.Holocene Peru Abromys see Perognathus Abrosomys L.Eocene Asia Abrothrix U.Pleistocene-Recent Argentina A. illuteus living Mouse Lujanian-Recent Tucuman(ARG) Abudhabia U.Miocene Asia Acanthion see Hystrix A. brachyura see Hystrix brachyura Acanthomys see Acomys or Tokudaia or Rattus Acarechimys L-M.Miocene Argentina A. minutissimus Miocene Argentina Acaremys U.Oligocene-L.Miocene Argentina A. cf. Murinus Colhuehuapian Chubut(ARG) A. karaikensis Miocene? Argentina A. messor Miocene? Argentina A. minutissimus see Acarechimys minutissimus Argentina A. minutus Miocene? Argentina A. murinus Miocene? Argentina A. sp. L.Miocene Argentina A. tricarinatus Miocene? Argentina Acodon see Akodon A. angustidens see Akodon angustidens Pleistocene Brazil A. clivigenis see Akodon clivigenis Pleistocene Brazil A. internus see Akodon internus Pleistocene Argentina Acomys L.Pliocene-Recent Africa,Europe,W Asia,Crete A. cahirinus living Spiny Mouse U.Pleistocene-Recent Israel A. gaudryi U.Miocene? Greece Aconaemys see Pithanotomys A. fuscus Pliocene-Recent Argentina A. f. fossilis see Aconaemys fuscus Pliocene Argentina Acondemys see Pithanotomys Acritoparamys U.Paleocene-M.Eocene W USA,Asia A. atavus see Paramys atavus A. atwateri Wasatchian W USA A. cf. Francesi Clarkforkian Wyoming(US) A. francesi(francesci) Wasatchian-Bridgerian Wyoming(US) A. wyomingensis Bridgerian Wyoming(US) Acrorhizomys see Clethrionomys Actenomys L.Pliocene-L.Pleistocene Argentina A. maximus Pliocene Argentina Adelomyarion U.Oligocene France A. vireti U.Oligocene France Adelomys U.Eocene France A. -
Dolichotis Patagonum (CAVIOMORPHA; CAVIIDAE; DOLICHOTINAE) Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol
Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 ISSN: 1666-0536 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Silva Climaco das Chagas, Karine; Vassallo, Aldo I; Becerra, Federico; Echeverría, Alejandra; Fiuza de Castro Loguercio, Mariana; Rocha-Barbosa, Oscar LOCOMOTION IN THE FASTEST RODENT, THE MARA Dolichotis patagonum (CAVIOMORPHA; CAVIIDAE; DOLICHOTINAE) Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 26, no. 1, 2019, -June, pp. 65-79 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45762554005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 26(1):65-79, Mendoza, 2019 Copyright ©SAREM, 2019 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar https://doi.org/10.31687/saremMN.19.26.1.0.06 http://www.sbmz.com.br Artículo LOCOMOTION IN THE FASTEST RODENT, THE MARA Dolichotis patagonum (CAVIOMORPHA; CAVIIDAE; DOLICHOTINAE) Karine Silva Climaco das Chagas1, 2, Aldo I. Vassallo3, Federico Becerra3, Alejandra Echeverría3, Mariana Fiuza de Castro Loguercio1 and Oscar Rocha-Barbosa1, 2 1 Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados - Tetrapoda (LAZOVERTE), Departamento de Zoologia, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução do Instituto de Biologia/Uerj. 3 Laboratorio de Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento. Departamento de Biología; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. -
A Review of Bristly Ground Squirrels Xerini and a Generic Revision in the African Genus Xerus
Mammalia 2016; 80(5): 521–540 Boris Kryštufek*, Ahmad Mahmoudi, Alexey S. Tesakov, Jan Matějů and Rainer Hutterer A review of bristly ground squirrels Xerini and a generic revision in the African genus Xerus DOI 10.1515/mammalia-2015-0073 Received April 28, 2015; accepted October 13, 2015; previously Introduction published online December 12, 2015 Bristly ground squirrels from the arid regions of Central Abstract: Bristly ground squirrels Xerini are a small rodent Asia and Africa constitute a coherent monophyletic tribe tribe of six extant species. Despite a dense fossil record the Xerini sensu Moore (1959). The tribe contains six species group was never diverse. Our phylogenetic reconstruction, in three genera of which Atlantoxerus and Spermophilop based on the analysis of cytochrome b gene and including sis are monotypic. The genus Xerus in its present scope all known species of Xerini, confirms a deep divergence (Thorington and Hoffmann 2005), consists of four species between the African taxa and the Asiatic Spermophilopsis. in three subgenera: X. inauris and X. princeps (subgenus Genetic divergences among the African Xerini were of a Geosciurus), X. rutilus (subgenus Xerus), and X. eryth comparable magnitude to those among genera of Holarc- ropus (subgenus Euxerus). Recent phylogenetic recon- tic ground squirrels in the subtribe Spermophilina. Evi- struction based on molecular markers retrieved Xerus to dent disparity in criteria applied in delimitation of genera be paraphyletic with respect to Atlantoxerus (Fabre et al. in Sciuridae induced us to recognize two genera formerly 2012), therefore challenging the suitability of the generic incorporated into Xerus. The resurrected genera (Euxerus arrangement of the group.