36 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook APPLICATION FOR A PERMANENT BOATING SAFETY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE To obtain a Boating Safety Certificate, complete and mail the form below or complete and mail the online form at www.fishandboat.com. Please check the appropriate box. TEMPORARY to PERMANENT: If you were issued a temporary certificate, and wish to obtain a permanent certificate, submit this form, a copy of your temporary certificate and payment of $10.00.
DUPLICATE or REPLACEMENT: If you already have a Permanent PA Boating Safety Education Certificate and are applying for a duplicate certificate, submit this form and payment of $5.00.
OTHER CERTIFICATIONS: If you have a certificate from the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, the U.S. Power Squadron, or have taken a NASBLA (National As- sociation of State Boating Law Administrators) Approved Course but do not have a PA Boating Safety Education Certificate, submit this form, the certificate, and payment of $10.00. Include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you want your original certificate returned. CURRENT INFORMATION Please PRINT PA Certificate No. (If Known) # NAME (Last) (First) (Middle Initial) MAILING ADDRESS (Street or P.O. Box No.)
CITY/STATE/ZIP
BIRTH DATE (Mo.) / (Day) / (Yr.) PHONE (Daytime)
PLACE A “” IN THE BLOCK BEHIND THE APPROPRIATE SELECTIONS. Hair Color Eye Color Gender Brown Black Brown Gray Male Blond Red Green Other Female Gray Other Blue
Number of Certificates Ordered: ______Amount Enclosed: $______Check or Money Order #______Make Check Payable to: PA Fish and Boat Commission Type of Credit Card ______Credit Card # ______Exp. Date (ex. 05/2021) ______Please allow 4 to 6 weeks to receive your permanent certificate. Send to: PA Fish and Boat Commission • Bureau of Outreach, Education, and Marketing • PO Box 67000 • Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 I hereby certify, under penalty of law, that the foregoing information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief. I understand that submission of false information in connection with this official application may be subject to criminal penalties under 18 Pa. C.S. Ch. 49 and 30 PA. C.S. Ch. 9.
Applicant’s Signature or Parental Signature if Applicant is Younger than 18 Years of Age
• Boating Education (717) 705-7833 • Law Enforcement (717) 705-7861 • Boat Registration (866) 262-8734 • Commission Boating Course Hotline 1-888-PAFISH-1 (1-888-723-4741)
Visit the Commission’s website for more information: www.fishandboat.com PLEASE NOTE: This information was prepared to provide boaters with information they need to know when operating watercraft on Pennsylvania waterways. It reviews the Commission’s boating regulations and includes information and tips to follow while boating. It does not present the actual laws and regulations. This handbook is the text for the Commission’s Pennsylvania Basic Boating eight-hour boating course. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission receives federal aid in sport fish restoration and boating enhancement. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 509 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin or handicap. If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any Commission program, activity, or at a Commission facility, please write to: PA Fish and Boat Commis- sion, Human Resource Office, P.O. Box 67000, Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000, or Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. Persons with disabilities who wish to participate in a Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission program and who anticipate the need for special accommodations should telephone (717) 705-7833. This publication is available on our website at www.fishandboat.com and may also be obtained as a computer file (alternate acces- sible format) by contacting the phone number above. Persons using a TTY should dial Pennsylvania Relay telephone number 711 to contact us.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 37 PFBC Law Enforcement Boaters who have a need to communicate with a Pennsylvania Region Offices Fish and Boat Commission Waterways Conservation Officer should contact the appropriate region office. Hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. Contents Boating in Pennsylvania Sound Signals...... 50 39 Other Important Rules of the Road...... 51 Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission/ VHF Radio...... 51 Pennsylvania’s Boating Opportunities...... 39 Anchoring...... 51 P Pennsylvania Water Trails...... 39 Northwest Region Locks and Dams...... 52 11528 State Highway 98 • Meadville, PA 16335 Boat Motors and Hull Types...... 39 Boat Theft...... 52 Ph. 814-337-0444 Fax 814-337-0579 Boat Terminology...... 39 Counties: Butler, Clarion, Crawford, Erie, Forest, Lawrence, Mercer, Venango, Warren. Legal Requirements 40 Other Water Activities 53 Personal Watercraft...... 53 Southwest Region Boat Operator Responsibilities...... 40 Boat Classification...... 40 Paddlesports...... 53 236 Lake Road • Somerset, PA 15501 Water-skiing and Similar Activities...... 54 Ph. 814-445-8974 Fax 814-445-3497 Boat Operation Requirements...... 40 Counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Homeland Security...... 40 Swimming and Diving...... 54 Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Somerset, Washington, Minimum Age of Operation/Mandatory Sailing...... 54 Boating Education...... 41 Hunters and Anglers...... 54 Westmoreland. Personal Flotation Devices...... 41 Northcentral Region Boat Numbering and Registration...... 42 Safety and Rescue 55 595 East Rolling Ridge Drive • Bellefonte, PA 16823 Launch Permits/Boat Titling...... 43 Ventilation and Fueling/Carbon Ph. 814-359-5250 Fax 814-359-5254 Monoxide...... 55 Counties: Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Capacity Plates/Hull Identification Elk, Jefferson, Lycoming, McKean, Montour, Number(HIN)...... 44 Fire Extinguisher Use ...... 55 Northumberland, Potter, Snyder, Tioga, Union. Night Operation and Lights...... 44 Running Aground...... 55 Sound-producing Devices/ Water Hazards...... 55 Southcentral Region Visual Distress Signals (VDS)...... 45 Dams/Weather...... 55 1704 Pine Road • Newville, PA 17241 Minimum Required Equipment/ Capsizing and Falls Overboard...... 56 Ph. 717-486-7087 Fax 717-486-8227 Recommended Equipment...... 46 Counties: Adams, Bedford, Blair, Cumberland, Propeller Strikes...... 56 Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Fire Extinguishers...... 46 Rescue and Survival...... 56 Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, York. Carburetor Backfire Flame Control/Noise Cold Water Shock/Hypothermia...... 57 Restrictions and Muffling Devices...... 46 Alcohol and Boating...... 57 Northeast Region Courtesy Vessel Safety Checks...... 57 5566 Main Road • Sweet Valley, PA 18656 Boat Operation 47 Boating Accidents...... 57 Ph. 570-477-5717 Fax 570-477-3221 Pre-departure Checklist/Preventative Counties: Bradford, Carbon, Columbia, Boat Maintenance...... 47 Resource Protection Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Pike, Sullivan, 58 Leave a Float Plan/Trailering...... 47 Susquehanna, Wayne, Wyoming. Law Enforcement...... 58 Launching and Retrieving/Boarding/ PFBC Lakes and Access Areas...... 58 Southeast Region Boat Trim/Boat Handling/Docking...... 48 Permits...... 58 P.O. Box 9 • Elm, PA 17521 Departing/Boat Navigation Rules...... 49 Marine Sanitation Devices (MSD)...... 58 Ph. 717-626-0228 Fax 717-626-0486 Rules for Power-driven Vessels Littering and Pollution...... 58 Counties: Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Underway...... 50 Lancaster, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, Aquatic Invasive Species...... 59 Philadelphia, Schuylkill. For More Information: INTERACTIVE MAPS UNITED STATES COAST GUARD AUXILIARY: www.cgaux.org/boatinged UNITED STATES POWER SQUADRONS: Purchase fishing licenses, trout stamps, subscriptions, boat ONLINE! www.americasboatingcourse.com The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat registration renewals, launch permits, and more– All Online! Commission maintains AMERICAN SAILING ASSOCIATION: up-to-date maps at www.asa.com www.fishandboat.com www.fishandboat.com AMERICAN RED CROSS: MORE DETAILS www.redcross.org MORE INFORMATION AMERICAN CANOE ASSOCIATION: www.americancanoe.org 11/2020
38 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook BOATING IN PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat the boat. The boat turns in the opposite Draft- the vertical distance from the water- direction that the tiller arm is pushed. line to the lowest point of the keel; it is the Commission Electric motors are outboards. minimum depth of water in which a vessel The PFBC is responsible for promoting fishing 2. Inboard/outboard (or sterndrive) motors will float. and boating, and regulating and enforcing fishing are bolted inboard, at the stern, with the Forward- aboard a boat, the direction to the and boating laws and regulations in Pennsylvania. drive unit through the transom. front, to the bow. Established in 1866, the PFBC is primarily funded 3. Inboard motors are mounted lower in the Freeboard- the vertical distance from the by Pennsylvania’s boaters and anglers through boat boat and farther forward than an inboard/ waterline to the gunwale. registration fees and fishing license revenues. outboard. A rudder is used to steer. Gunwale- the upper edge of the side of a boat. Pennsylvania's Boating 4. Jet motors use an engine to pump water Hull- the structural body of the boat; does not through a nozzle at the stern, which pivots include superstructure, masts or rigging. Opportunities to steer the boat. Keel- the main structural member of a boat; its Pennsylvania provides nearly unlimited backbone; the lateral area beneath the hull opportunities for the recreational boater. The Many Pennsylvania lakes have specific motor- that helps to provide stability and reduce the Commonwealth has over 85,000 miles of rivers type and horsepower limitations. sideways drift of a boat. and streams ranging from headwaters to major Life Jacket- also known as a personal flotation river systems. It has 76 natural lakes that provide BOAT HULL TYPES device, vest, or preserver. 5,266 acres of flat water. An additional 2,300 con- There are two basic types of boat hulls: Port- looking toward the bow, the left side of structed impoundments provide another 200,000 1. Planing hulls are flat-bottomed and skim the boat. acres of boatable waters. Lake Erie has 63 plus across the water. Starboard- looking toward the bow, the right miles of shoreline and 735 square miles of waters 2. Displacement hulls have round bottoms side of the boat. within Pennsylvania’s boundaries. The Delaware and plow through the water. TheyHULLS are more River provides 56 miles of tidal waters within Stern- the aft (back or rear) portion of the boat. stable but not as fast as planing hull boats. Pennsylvania and access to the Atlantic Ocean. Transom- the transverse part of the stern The number of recreational boats on (where an outboard motor is attached). Pennsylvania waters continues to increase. In Waterline- the intersection of a boat’s hull and 1982, fewer than 200,000 boats were registered. the water’s surface. In 2011, there were more than 332,000 registered USCG- United States Coast Guard boats. Over half of the registered boats in the Flat Bottom Round Bottom DeepUSPS --V-Hull United States Power Cathedral Squadrons Hull Commonwealth are less than 16 feet in length. Pennsylvania is primarily a small-boat state. Most boats are a compromise between plan- However, all kinds of boating are popular, from ing and displacement hulls (deep-V, modified-V, whitewater rafting on the Youghiogheny River to cathedral, etc.). There are also multiple-hulled powerboating on the lower Delaware River. boats such as catamarans and pontoons. HULL Pennsylvania Boating Terminology STARBOARD Water Trails Aft- near or at the stern of the boat. PORT Pennsylvania Water Beam- the width of a boat, also the direction Trails are boat routes at right angles to the centerline of a vessel. suitable for canoes, kay- Bilge- the lowest point of a boat’s interior hull. aks, and some motorized watercraft. Like conven- Bow- the forward part (toward the front) of tional trails, water trails are recreational corridors a boat. between specific locations. Water trails are comprised KEEL of access points, boat launches, day use sites, and, in some cases, overnight camping areas. From ripples BEAM to rapids, paddling these aquatic highways can be a great adventure. To view maps for the statewide network of water trails, visit www.fishandboat.com. TRANSOM
Boat Motors and Hull Types STERN BOW MOTORS There are four primary types of boat motors: 1. Outboard motors vary in size and clamp onto the transom. The whole motor pivots
on its mounting to aim the wash and steer FREEBOARD
WATERLINE GUNWALE DRAFT
OVERALL LENGTH AFT FORWARD
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 39 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Boat Operator Responsibilities Boat Classification is riding on the bow decking, gunwales, tran- som, or motor covers. Boat operators are responsible for: Boats are classified according to length, which • Operate a pontoon boat at any speed while • Knowing the rules and regulations in the is the horizontal distance from bow (front) to stern a person is riding outside the passenger- areas where they boat. (back) along the centerline. It excludes any projec- carrying area. • Knowing the waters where they are boating. tions that are not part of the boat’s hull, such as an • Cause a boat to become airborne or to leave • Having the required safety equipment for outboard motor or swim platform. the water completely while crossing another their watercraft. Classification determines the minimum required boat’s wake when within 100 feet of the boat • The actions of all persons on board their boats. equipment. See page 46. creating the wake. • Weave through congested traffic. Boat Operation Requirements • Operate faster than slow, no-wake when within 100 feet to the rear or 50 feet to the In Pennsylvania, it side of another boat that is underway, unless is illegal to... in a narrow channel. • Operate a water- • Operate within 100 feet of anyone towed craft in a reckless, negligent, or dan- behind another boat. gerous manner. • Operate a motorboat with anyone sitting, rid- Boats must be ing, or hanging on a swim platform or swim operated at a rate ladder attached to the boat. of speed that does Many waterways in Pennsylvania have special RULE OF RESPONSIBILITY not endanger the regulations such as electric only or horsepower DEFINED life or property of any person. restrictions. NAVIGATION RULES United States Coast Guard • Operate a boat at greater than slow, no-wake speed within 100 feet of the shoreline, docks, (USCG), RULE 2, “RESPONSIBILITY” 500 Y “2(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any launch ramps, swimmers, or downed ski- ards vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, ers, persons wading in the water, anchored, moored, or drifting boats, and floats. Slow, DO NOT ENTER from the consequences of any neglect to no-wake speed is the slowest possible speed aa comply with these Rules or of the neglect of 100 of a motorboat required to maintain maneu- Yards any precaution which may be required by the verability, so that the wake or wash created by ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special the motorboat on the surface is minimal. The OPERATE AT MINIMUM SPEED circumstances of the case.” slow, no-wake zone for wake surfing activity “2(b) In construing and complying with these is 200 feet. See page 54. Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers • Operate a motorboat less than 20 feet in of navigation and collision and to any special length at greater than slow no-wake while a Homeland Security circumstances, including the limitations person is standing on or in the boat. Strict regulations have been issued relating of the vessels involved, which may make • Operate a motorboat at greater than slow, no- to waterways for national security. Boaters must a departure from these Rules necessary to wake speed with a person riding outside of follow these regulations or be exposed to serious avoid immediate danger.” the passenger carrying area or while a person penalties. Our mutual security, in part, depends on your diligence in reporting suspicious activities that you may encounter on the water. REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL WATERCRAFT: • Stay at least 100 yards from all military, cruise line, or commercial shipping vessels. Violating the Naval Vessel Protection Zone is a felony offense, punishable by up to six years imprisonment and/or up to $250,000 in fines. • You must operate at slow, no-wake speed within 500 yards of U.S. Naval vessels. • Check with local authorities and refer to cur- rent charts to identify and stay away from security zones and port operation areas. Less than 16 feet 16 feet to less 26 feet to less 40 feet to • Generally, stay at least 100 yards from than 26 feet than 40 feet not more than military areas, cruise lines, and petroleum 65 feet facilities. Also, stay away from dams and power plants. Less than 16 feet (Class A) 26 feet to less than 40 feet (Class 2) Includes jonboats, small runabouts, and Large boats that usually include enclosed cabins. At the request of the Captain of the Port, personal watercraft. or District Commander, an area may also be 40 feet to not more than 65 feet (Class 3) designated a Security Zone. This zone may be 16 feet to less than 26 feet (Class 1) Large, expensive boats with advanced features. highlighted in magenta (pink-red coloration) on Boats used for skiing, fishing, and day trips. charts to better stand out and warn the public
40 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook LEGAL REQUIREMENTS to stay clear. Unauthorized vessels, without spe- Boating Safety Education Certificates are required: Information on these providers and their courses cific permission to enter, must stay out of these • To operate a personal watercraft is available on the PFBC’s website. In some cases, marked areas. Armed military, harbor police, • For persons born on or after January 1, 1982, there are fees for these courses in addition to the or civilian authorities, securing these areas, will to operate boats powered by motors greater permanent Boating Safety Education Certificate confront violators. than 25 horsepower. fee of $10. Approved permanent Boating Safety Education GUIDELINES: Certificates for Pennsylvania residents must be Personal Flotation Devices • Do not stop or anchor beneath bridges or in issued by the PFBC. Out of state boaters must Personal flotation devices a channel. If you do stop, be prepared to be have a certificate issued for a course approved (PFDs, life jackets, life preserv- boarded by patrolling authorities. by the National Association of State Boating Law ers, life vests, and throwable • Be observant and report any suspicious activ- Administrators (NASBLA). devices) are the most important ity to USCG or local authorities. piece of equipment on a boat; • Always secure and lock your boat when not CERTIFICATE PFDs are the best defense against National Safe Boating Council on board. CARDS drowning. Each person in the boat must have a wearable, USCG-approved life The PFBC-issued Boating jacket! It is highly advisable to wear life jackets at Minimum Age of Operation Safety Education Certificate is a durable, waterproof all times, especially in dangerous conditions. plastic card. The card has a hole in it to make it handy The following age restrictions and boating Since boating conditions can change quickly to attach to your life jacket, boat keys, or the lanyard and without warning (increasing your chance of education requirements apply to the operation on your PWC. unexpectedly falling into the water), boating with- of motorboats. • If you already have your Pennsylvania Boating out wearing a properly fitted life jacket is danger- Safety Education Certificate from the PFBC ous. Trying to put on a life jacket while in the water HP OF MOTOR RESTRICTIONS OF USE is difficult and nearly impossible in moving water.
PWC All PWC (personal watercraft) operators, regardless of age, LIFE JACKET AND THROWABLE must have a Boating Safety Education Certificate. Persons 11 years of age or younger may NOT operate. DEVICE REQUIREMENTS: Persons 12 through 15 years of age may NOT operate with any • All boats, including stand-up paddleboards, passengers on board 15 years of age or younger or rent a PWC. must have a USCG-approved wearable life jacket on board for each person. 0-25hp None • While operating a paddleboard outside of a swim area, a USCG-approved life jacket is Greater Persons 11 years of age or younger may NOT operate. required. than 25hp Persons born on or after January 1, 1982, may not operate unless • Life jackets must be the appropriate size for they have obtained and have in possession a Boating Safety the person intended. Check the life jacket Education Certificate. label to ensure it’s the appropriate size for the person wearing it. Also, make sure the jacket fits. See page 42 to learn how to check for proper fit. and you are applying for a duplicate or replace- Mandatory Boating Education • Life jackets must be appropriate for the activ- ment card, you can get a new one for $5 each. ity for which they are worn. See the USCG Boating safety education is important, even for To obtain one (or more), download an applica- approval label for information. experienced boaters. Knowledgeable boaters are tion from our website. Fill out the application, • Wearable life jackets must be “readily safer boaters. Boating courses are fun for the entire and send it to the PFBC with your fee. accessible.” This means life jackets should family and are offered at many locations through- • If you do NOT have a Pennsylvania Boating be stowed where they can be easily reached out the state and in your own home. Safe boating Safety Education Certificate, but you have or in the open, ready for wear. Throwable education provides the groundwork for safe recre- earned a certificate from the U.S. Coast devices must be “immediately available,” ational boating and should be considered only as Guard Auxiliary, U.S. Power Squadrons, or which means that the PFD shall be within an introduction to safe boating practices. Boating another approved course, you must mail to arm’s reach of the operator or passenger the PFBC the original certificate issued to regulations and conditions can be expected to while the boat is operated. A PFD that is you for successfully completing that course. change, therefore, the PFBC encourages boaters sealed in its original packaging is not read- If you want your original certificate returned, ily accessible or immediately available. to take additional boating safety courses through please include a self-addressed, stamped organizations such as the U.S. Coast Guard • All life jackets must be in good and service- envelope. The cost for your new, permanent able condition and legibly marked showing Auxiliary, U.S. Power Squadrons, American Sailing Pennsylvania Boating Safety Education the USCG approval number. This means the Association, U.S. Sailing Association, American Certificate is $10. life jacket must be functional, free of tears or Red Cross, and American Canoe Association. defects in the material, and all buckles, straps, CLASSROOM COURSES AND zippers, and other closures must be operable. BOATING COURSES AND SAFETY DISTANCE LEARNING • In addition to wearable life jackets, boats 16 feet CERTIFICATES and over must have a throwable device (ring Approved classroom boating courses are avail- buoy, life ring, or buoyant seat cushion) on Boaters who successfully complete a PFBC- able from the PFBC, U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, board. Canoes and kayaks, regardless of length, approved boating course are issued a Pennsylvania U.S. Power Squadron, and several other approved are not required to carry a throwable device. Boating Safety Education Certificate, valid for a course providers. In addition, the PFBC has several • A throwable device may not be used as a sub- lifetime of boating safety. approved Internet and distance-learning courses. stitute for a wearable device.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 41 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
as well. A properly fitting life jacket is more com- fortable (meaning you are more likely to wear it), LIFE JACKET WEAR REQUIRED BY LAW: NOV.1 TO APRIL 30 but more important, it functions better. Life jack- Boaters must wear a life jacket on boats less than 16 feet in length or any canoe or ets that are too large can ride up or even come off kayak. Recreational boating fatalities that occur in Pennsylvania from November through when you are in the water. April are primarily due to the effects of cold water immersion. When water temperatures It’s easy to check a conventional life jacket for are less than 70 degrees F, cold water shock is a major factor in boating fatalities. Victims proper fit—just put it on. The jacket should fit who wear a life jacket when exposed to cold water have potentially life-saving advantages you snugly with all zippers, straps, ties, and snaps such as insulation from the cold, buoyancy for victims who are unable to tread water, correctly secured. With a partner behind you, and reduced risk of aspiration of water. In an effort to reduce the number of fatalities raise your arms like you are signaling a touch- related to cold water immersion, the Commission has amended regulations to require down in a football game. Have the partner lift the life jackets to be worn on small and unstable boats during the period most noted for cold jacket by the shoulders. The jacket should come water temperatures. no higher than your chin. If the jacket covers your face or comes off—that’s what would hap- pen in the water. In this case, tighten the straps or use a smaller size. WEARABLE LIFE JACKETS WHO MUST WEAR A LIFE JACKET? • Life jackets should be inspected regularly Children 12 years of age and younger on for tears and damage. If damage is present, Commonwealth waters when underway on any boat Boat Numbering and do not repair the life jacket. Throw it away. 20 feet or less in length and in all canoes and kayaks. Registration Repairs to a life jacket may be the weak spot On Pittsburgh District U.S. Army Corps of Boats propelled by machinery and electric that causes a drowning. Engineers lakes (only), everyone in boats less than motors must be numbered, regardless of length • Inflatable life jackets must be checked fre- 16 feet in length and in all canoes and kayaks. and type of motor. Boats excluded from number- quently and maintained according to the All water skiers and anyone towed behind vessels, ing include unpowered kayaks, sculls and sail- manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure personal watercraft (PWC) operators and passen- boards, documented vessels, and vessels with a correct operation. gers, and sailboarders (windsurfers). Inflatable life valid temporary certificate. Documented ves- jackets are not acceptable for these activities. • Life jackets must be used in accordance with sels must be registered. In Pennsylvania, large any requirements on the approval label. pleasure boats, usually called yachts, which are • Life jackets with old type identification (e.g. MAKE SURE THE LIFE JACKET documented with the USCG. These documented Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type V) are still FITS—THE “TOUCHDOWN” TEST vessels must be registered but need only display usable as long as life jackets are in good and a valid registration decal. serviceable condition. For a life jacket to work properly, not only does it need to be on your body, it should fit properly
PLACEMENT ON BOAT: PAINTED OR ATTACHED TO EACH FORWARD HALF OF VESSEL
SPACING–HYPHEN OR EQUIVALENT SPACE WITHIN 6 BETWEEN 3 PARTS OF YOUR NUMBER INCHES DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS The letters and numbers must: • Read from left to right. • Be painted or permanently attached to each side on the forward half of the vessel, where no other number may be displayed. • Be of bold, block letters in good proportion. • Be of a contrasting color to the background. THROWABLE DEVICES • Be at least 3 inches high. Throwable device– • Be nearly as vertical as possible and easily observed. minimum 16.5 pounds of • Be separated by a hyphen or space equal to the width of any letter or number buoyancy, designed to be except “I” or “1.” grasped, not worn. • Have a current registration decal within 6 inches on the same level (before or following number).
42 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
BOAT REGISTRATION well as kayaks, sculls, sailboards, and other low- Launch Permits volume boats of similar design, are exempt from All motorboats the display of numbers, but they must display the Owners of unpowered and boats powered boats (canoes, kayaks, by electric motors validation decal. Inflatable boats may carry their numbers and validation decal on boards lashed stand-up paddleboards, must be registered. rowboats, etc.) can Owners of unpow- to each side of the bow. Canoes are not exempt and must display the numbers and the decal. launch their boats at the ered boats (canoes, PFBC lakes and access kayaks, stand-up paddleboards, rowboats, etc.) areas or Pennsylvania can launch their boats at Commission lakes and STATE OF PRINCIPAL state parks if their boats access areas or Pennsylvania state parks if their OPERATION boats display a boat registration, Commission display a PFBC launch use permit, boat registration, launch use permit, or Pennsylvania State Parks Vessels must be registered in the state in which or Pennsylvania State Parks launch permit or mooring launch permit or mooring permit. Pennsylvania the boat is primarily operated. If the boat is water- permit. Pennsylvania State Parks recognizes boat State Parks recognizes boat registrations and borne (including time at a marina slip or mooring) registrations and Commission launch permits. The Commission launch permits. The Commission on Pennsylvania waters more than on waters of Commission does NOT recognize launch permits from does NOT recognize launch permits from other another state, it must be registered in Pennsylvania, other states. A PFBC launch permit can be purchased states. A Commission launch permit can be pur- regardless of where the owner lives. Reciprocal on the Commission’s website. An unpowered boat may chased on the PFBC’s website. privileges are granted to boats with valid registra- have a registration OR launch use permit but is not Registrations are renewed on a 2-year cycle tion in other states for up to 60 days. required to have both. and expire on March 31 of the second year. Note: A Pennsylvania Use Tax is charged Registrations are valid when issued by the for any boat owned by a Pennsylvania resi- Boat Titling Commission and online messengers. Application dent if that boat is at any time brought into the forms are available at county treasurer’s offices, Commonwealth, regardless of where it is regis- A certificate of title is a legal document that certain boat dealerships, on the PFBC website, tered. There is an exception for casual sales of proves ownership. Boat titling is different from at the PFBC’s headquarters in Harrisburg, and at unpowered boats. Credit is given for tax paid to boat registration, because a certificate of regis- the PFBC regional law enforcement offices. other states. tration does not prove ownership. A certificate of title requires all owners of a boat to sign off Boat registration fees are as follows: BOAT REGISTRATION FORMS on their interests when selling and provides $22 Unpowered boats A Renewal of Registration form is mailed the purchaser with proper documentation for $26 Boats less than 16 feet titling and registering a boat. Application forms $39 Boats 16 feet to less than 20 feet to boat owners prior to the expiration date. If are the same ones used for boat registration and $52 Boats over 20 feet one has not received the form, boat owners are available at county treasurer’s offices, cer- Note: Boats with unpowered boat registrations should write to the Division of Licensing and Registration or go to the Commission’s website tain boat dealerships, on the PFBC website, at may NOT be equipped with gasoline or electric PFBC’s headquarters in Harrisburg, and at the motors or any other mechanical propulsion and to renew online. A Duplicate/Replacement Certificate of PFBC regional law enforcement offices. be operated on Pennsylvania waterways. Boat titling is required for all inboard Upon the completion of the application and Registration can be obtained for $3 through motorboats (regardless of length) and personal the payment of the fee, a registration card and the Division of Licensing and Registration. Go watercraft with a model year of 1997 or newer two validation decals will be issued. The certifi- to the Commission’s website to download the AND all outboard motorboats 14 feet or more cate of boat registration is your registration card form (PFBC-732). in length with a model year of 1997 or newer. and must be on board the boat during operation. A Change of Address form (PFBC-732) At the request of the owner, the Commission The certificate also shows the boat registration must be filed within 15 days at the Division of number that must be displayed on the boat. Licensing and Registration. This office must will issue a title to any boat, regardless of the The Pennsylvania registration number, issued also be notified within 15 days if a boat is lost, length, power source, or year the boat was man- with the original certificate of boat registration, stolen, destroyed, abandoned, or sold. ufactured. However, once a title is issued, that stays with the boat as long as it is registered in To transfer boat ownership, form REV-336 boat must remain titled by future owners. Also, Pennsylvania. It is the boat owner’s responsibil- must be completed and signed by the appli- anyone with a boat currently titled in another ity to purchase the numbers and letters to display cant and registered owner(s). If the registered state must obtain a Pennsylvania title when the registration number on the boat. owner(s) is/are not available, a notarized bill of Pennsylvania becomes the state of principle use, Display the number and validation decal on sale, signed by the registered owner(s), may be regardless of the age, size, or length of the boat. the bow of the boat as shown on page 42. No substituted. Sales tax payment must still be col- The fee for titling a boat is $15. There is an other number may be displayed on either side lected if applicable. It is unlawful for a person additional encumbrance fee of $5 if there is a of the bow. These numbers may not be removed, purchasing or acquiring a previously registered lien against the boat. The fee for a duplicate title altered, tampered with, or defaced, except by the boat to operate that boat in Pennsylvania until is $5. owner or representative. Documented vessels, as the registration is transferred to the new owner. Boat titling assures the buyer of a boat that A 60-day Temporary Registration is issued the seller has clear ownership of a boat offered by authorized agents, so the boat can be used for sale. Some lenders won’t finance a boat with- immediately. out a title, so securing a loan to purchase a boat Note: All powered and titled boats used for may be easier if the boat is titled. Boaters who pleasure are taxable. Proof of payment of sales register and title their boats have more security. tax is required at the time of registration. In the event of boat theft, such boats are easier to identify (see page 52).
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 43 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Capacity Plates DOCKING LIGHTS: It is illegal to use docking lights while underway, except when The capacity plate provides important infor- mation about the boat including maximum docking and the boat is traveling at slow, no-wake speed and is within 100 feet of weight capacity, maximum horsepower, maxi- approaching a dock, a mooring buoy, or the shoreline. A docking light is a flood or mum person capacity by number, and maximum spotlight type of light permanently installed or permanently mounted on a motor- persons capacity by weight. Individuals being boat that is used to illuminate a boat’s forward course of travel. towed behind a boat (e.g. waterskiers, tubers, kneeboarders, wake surfers, parasailers, etc.) are considered to be passengers of the vessel and must be counted in regard to the boat’s maximum passenger capacity. No boat shall be loaded beyond its safe carrying capacity. Observe and under- stand your capacity plate. Hull Identification Number (HIN) This number is federally required and is located on or near the boat transom’s upper starboard (right) side. Also, the HIN is hidden by the manufacturer on the vessel for recovery purposes. HINs are 12 characters in length and may be 17 characters on newer boats.
Key to Month of Production A=January B=February C=March
ACBF0930A686 D=April E=May F=June G=July H=August I=September J=October F0930 A6 86 ACB K=November Manufacturer's Production Month, Year Model L=December ID Code or Serial # of Production Year The charts on this page show which lights are required. Conversions: 7 meters = 23', 12 meters = 39’4", 20 meters = 65’6" < = less than Night Operation and Lights Type of Boat Length Figure All vessels must show required running lights Powerboat < 12 meters 1, 2, or 3 between the hours of sunset and sunrise and Powerboat 12 - 20 meters 1 or 2 during periods of restricted visibility, such as Sailboat (sail only) < 20 meters 4, 5, or 6 fog and heavy rain. During such times, no other Sailboat (sail only) Any 4, 5, or 6 lights may be displayed, except those that can- Sailboat (sail only) < 7 meters 7B This is a white light either hand-held or installed not be mistaken for the required lights or do not ready to be displayed in time to avoid a collision. impair their visibility or distinctive character, or Manually powered Any 7A This is a white light either hand-held or installed interfere with keeping a proper lookout. A sail- ready to be displayed in time to avoid a collision. boat operating under power and sail must dis- Anchored Any 7C This is an all-round white light visible for at least play the proper running lights for a powerboat. 2 miles and displayed where it can best be seen. Navigation lights are restricted to the colors red, An anchor light is not required but highly recommended green, and white. Navigation lights are designed when anchored in a special anchorage area. to identify the type of boat and its situation (underway, direction of travel, at anchor, etc.) on the water. Boats underway include drifting boats. Night boaters should carry spare bulbs, fuses, batteries, and a flashlight. The navigation lights required for boats are determined by the boat’s length and whether it is powered by machinery, sail, paddles, or oars.
44 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
77TH MERIDIAN TIME: SUNRISE AND SUNSET AT HARRISBURG Sound-producing Devices EASTERN STANDARD TIME and EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME (EDT) when in effect. Motorboats less than 65 feet in length must carry some mechanical means of DatesRise SetDates Rise SetDates Rise Set making a sound signal. This device Jan 1-57:30 4:54 May 4-10 5:59 8:09 Sept 7-13 6:44 7:24 may be hand-, mouth-, or power- operated. An athletic coach’s whistle is Jan 6-12 7:30 4:59 May 11-175:52 8:16 Sept 14-206:51 7:12 an acceptable device for small motor- Jan 13-197:28 5:06 May 18-245:46 8:23 Sept 21-276:57 7:01 boats. Operators of unpowered boats Jan 20-267:24 5:15 May 25-31 5:42 8:28 Sept 28-Oct 47:05 6:47 (canoes, kayaks, rowboats, paddleboards) are required to carry a device capable of sounding Jan 27-Feb 27:18 5:24 Jun1-7 5:39 8:33 Oct 5-11 7:11 6:38 a prolonged blast for 4-6 seconds that can be heard by Feb 3-97:12 5:32 Jun 8-14 5:37 8:37 Oct 12-187:19 6:27 another boat operator in time to avoid a collision. An ath- Feb 10-167:04 5:40 Jun 15-215:38 8:40 Oct 19-257:26 6:17 letic coach’s whistle is acceptable. Feb 17-236:55 5:47 Jun 22-2 8 5:39 8:41 Oct 26-Nov 1 7:34 6:08 Feb 24-Mar 16:45 5:56 Jun 29-Jul 5 5:42 8:41 Nov 2-86:42 5:00 Visual Distress Signals (VDS) According to USCG navigation rules/emergency Mar 2-8 6:34 6:04 Jul 6-12 5:47 8:39 Nov 9-15 6:50 4:53 preparedness, boat operators are required to render Mar 9-15 7:23 7:12 Jul 13-195:52 8:35 Nov 16-22 6:58 4:48 assistance to a boat in distress to the extent they are able. Mar 16-22 7:12 7:19 Jul 20-265:58 8:30 Nov 23-29 7:06 4:44 When operating on federally controlled waters, boaters Mar 23-29 7:00 7:26 Jul 27-Aug 26:03 8:24 Nov 30-Dec 67:13 4:41 must carry VDS devices. This includes vessels navigating on federal waters such as coastal waters, the Great Lakes Mar 30-Apr 5 6:47 7:35 Aug 3-96:10 8:16 Dec 7-13 7:20 4:41 (including Lake Erie), territorial seas, and bodies of water Apr 6-12 6:38 7:41 Aug 10-166:17 8:07 Dec 14-20 7:25 4:43 connected directly to any of these up to the point where Apr 13-19 6:27 7:48 Aug 17-236:24 7:57 Dec 21-27 7:28 4:47 the body of water is less than two miles wide. In Pennsylvania, VDS devices are required only for boats Dec 28-31 7:30 4:51 Apr 20-26 6:17 7:55 Aug 24-306:31 7:46 operating on Lake Erie. Between the hours of sunset and Apr 27-May 36:08 8:02 Aug 31-Sept 66:38 7:34 sunrise, boats less than 16 feet in length must carry VDS suitable for use at night. Boats 16 feet and over in length must, at all times, carry devices suitable for day use and devices suitable for night use or devices suitable for use MERIDIAN MAP (77th Meridian Time) both day and night. 80 79 78 77 76 75 Approved day-use-only devices include orange smoke (hand-held or floating) and orange signal flags. Flares are
ERIE approved for both day and night use. If flares are selected,
WARREN McKEAN SUSQUEHANNA a minimum of three must be carried. Three day/night POTTER TIOGA BRADFORD WAYNE CRAWFORD signaling devices meet both requirements. LACKA
FOREST WYOMING SULLIVAN W All VDS must be USCG approved, have legible approval ELK CAMERON ANNA VENANGO PIKE MERCER LYCOMING numbers, be in serviceable condition, and be readily CLINTON JEFFERSON LUZERNE CLARION MONT accessible. VDS are not acceptable if the expiration date COLUMBIA MONROE Times LAWRENCE OUR of Sunrise CLEARFIELD UNION has passed. Though only required on Lake Erie, VDS are BUTLER CENTRE CARBON ON and practical safety items for all boaters to carry. ARMSTRONG SNYDER NORTHAMPT Sunset at BEAVER NORTHUMBERLANDSCHUYLKILL INDIANA LEHIGH Flares are of short duration. Use them only when MIFFLIN A Harrisburg, CAMBRIA DAUPHIN JUNIAT another vessel is in sight. When igniting a flare, hold it over ALLEGHENY BLAIR BUCKS PA PERRY BERKS LEBANON MONTGOMER the water on the downwind (leeward) side. Flares are not WESTMORELAND HUNTINGDON WASHINGTON CUMBERLAND Y toys. Use them only in an emergency. LANCASTER CHESTER PHILADELPHIA BEDFORD ARE FRANKLIN W FAYETTE SOMERSET DELA FULTON ADAMS YORK GREENE
80 79 78 77 76 75 +12 Min. + 8 Min. + 4 Min. 0 Min. - 4 Min. - 8 Min.
RED RED HAND-HELD RED METEOR 3' X 3' PARACHUTE FLARE FLARE FLARE DISTRESS FLAG
HAND-HELD FLARE CG APPROVAL NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE
CAP
ORANGE HAND-HELD SMOKE SIGNAL
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 45 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Minimum Required Equipment Motorboats 26 feet or more in length are required to carry Coast Guard-approved hand Smart boaters ensure that their boats are equipped with the proper safety equipment. portable fire extinguishers. Motorboats less than The chart below lists the minimum required equipment for motorboats. 26 feet in length, powered by an outboard motor and not carrying passengers for hire are not EQUIPMENT Less than 16 feet 16 to less than 26 to less 40 to not more required to carry fire extinguishers unless boats 26 feet than 40 feet than 65 feet have one or more of the following conditions: • Closed compartments under seats where por- BACKFIRE FLAME One approved device on each carburetor of all inboard gasoline engines. table fuel tanks may be stored. CONTROL (page 46) • Double bottoms not sealed to the hull or not SOUND- Some means of making an efficient sound signal audible Must carry a completely filled with flotation material. PRODUCING for 1/2-mile. A whistle or horn must be readily accessible sound signal • Closed living spaces. DEVICE to the operator of boat or passengers. An athletic coach’s audible for • Closed storage compartments in which flam- (page 45) whistle is acceptable. 1/2-mile. mable materials are stowed. • Permanently installed fuel tanks. PORTABLE FIRE At least one B-I type Coast Guard At least two B-I At least three EXTINGUISHER approved portable marine fire type Coast Guard B-I type Coast TYPES OF FIRES WHEN REQUIRED extinguisher. Must be installed and approved portable Guard approved Class A combustible solids, wood, paper, cloth (page 46) immediately available, within arm's marine fire extin- portable marine Class B flammable liquids and gases reach of the operators or passengers. guishers or one B-II. fire extinguish- Class C energized electrical equipment Class D combustible metals Install in an accessible area away ers or one B-I from fuel source. and one B-II. NAVIGATION Must comply with Inland Navigation Rules and state regulations. Carburetor Backfire Flame LIGHTS (page 44) Control Gasoline engines, except outboards, must have MUFFLING Efficient muffling device required to prevent excessive or unusual noise. an approved (USCG, SAE, or UL) backfire flame DEVICE (page 46) control on the carburetor to prevent ignition of PERSONAL One USCG- One USCG-approved life jacket on board for each gasoline vapors in case the engine backfires. It FLOTATION approved life person and, in addition, one throwable device must should be maintained regularly and can be cleaned DEVICES jacket for each be used in accordance with the requirements on the with hot, soapy water, or a commercial cleaner. (PFDs, person on board. approval label. Canoe and kayaks, regardless of length, LIFE Must be used in are not required to carry a throwable device. JACKETS, accordance with THROWABLE the requirement DEVICES) on the approval (page 41) label.
VENTILATION Boats with closed compartments or permanently installed fuel tanks must be (page 55) equipped with an efficient natural or mechanical bilge ventilator or meet the applicable Coast Guard construction standards for fuel and electrical systems.
Recommended Equipment (NOT REQUIRED BY LAW) Noise Restrictions and Paddles or oars Bailer Muffling Devices Anchors with sufficient line Fenders Boat motors must be equipped with an efficient muffling system or device in good working order. Dock lines First aid kit Most boats and motors that come directly from the Extra clothing Charts and compass manufacturer are adequately muffled. It is illegal Food and water Sunscreen and sunglasses for a boat to be so loud that it is an extraordinary Marine radio or cellular phone Spare fuses and bulbs annoyance or distraction to persons in the Tool kit with spare spark plugs Gas can vicinity of that boat. Boat exhaust systems may Flashlight Extra line or throw bag not be modified in any manner that will reduce Lanyard attached to motor cut-off switch Visual distress signals or eliminate the effectiveness of the muffler or Portable fire extinguisher (required on Lake Erie) muffler system. Cutouts (muffler bypasses) are illegal in Pennsylvania. Boats without a muffler or muffling Fire Extinguishers system must be backfitted before being operated. Fire extinguishers are classified by letters and numbers. The letter indicates the type of fire the unit is designed to extinguish. For example, a type B extinguisher is meant to put out flammable liquids, and type C is for electrical fires. The A number stands for the amount of extinguishing B agent in the unit. For example, a B-I extinguisher has less agent than a B-II. C
46 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook BOAT OPERATION
Safe boat operation is coupled with prepa- Preventative Boat Maintenance Leave a Float Plan ration, prevention, and practice. Each time before you start out on your next boating Inspecting your boat and equipment before Let others know before you go: A float plan you launch or leave the dock can prevent many trip, follow these guidelines for maintenance, should be filled out and left with a reliable person possible problems. Examine onboard safety departure, trailering, launching and retrieving, before you leave on all boating trips. The plan equipment (life jackets, throwable devices docking, rules of navigation, night operation, lets others know where you are going, when you (sizes and condition), fire extinguishers, bail- and anchoring. expect to return, who is going with you, and what ers, anchor, etc.), motor, fuel, electrical systems, emergency measures or rescue organization through-hull fittings, and accessory attachments. should be notified in the event you do not return Pre-departure Checklist Follow the owner’s manual for regular mainte- as scheduled. Remember to contact the person nance on the boat and equipment; this will pay To ensure a safe and problem-free boating you left the float plan with when you return. off by minimizing problems afloat. Here are experience, make a checklist of items similar to In addition to leaving a paper copy of a float some other tips: the one below, and use it before each trip: plan behind, many boaters are also providing Life jackets: Examine each life jacket for Hull condition: e-mail versions of their float plan with others. condition and ensure you have the cor- • Check for any cracks or crazing. Complete the float plan at www.fishandboat. rect number and sizes, appropriate for the • Ensure the hull sounds solid. com/Boat/Boating/Documents/FloatPlan.pdf intended activity on board. • Pull on the transom to ensure that it is solid. before going boating, and leave it with a friend. Weather: Check the weather forecast for • Make sure there is a drain plug and it is the area and time frame you will be boating. in place. Trailering Float plan: Be sure to leave a float plan • Drain all water from the engine compartment. Trailering is a package deal, which includes with a family member, friend, neighbor, or • Check the bilge for any water. Check for a marina operator. cracks around the fittings, above and below the boat, trailer, hitch, and tow vehicle. Fuel: Make certain you have enough fuel the waterline and around chain plates, Everything must be compatible. The tow vehicle and know where you can refuel. Use the cleats, etc. hitch must match the trailer ball. The hitch should be mounted to the frame of the towing one-third rule: one-third tank for your trip, Rigging and sails: one-third tank to return to dock or launch vehicle. Do not use bumper hitches. Trailer tires ramp, and one-third tank for emergency • Check for signs of must have sufficient load-bearing capacity and use. wear or fraying. be appropriate for the trailer. Practice is a key Battery and fire extinguishers: Be sure • Repair small tears aspect of trailering. Before taking your boat on the engine battery is fully charged and your or open seams by the road, use an empty parking lot to practice taping or sewing. fire extinguishers are properly charged. turning, parking, and backing up. Before towing • Keep lines clean Boat check: Use the checklist under your boat: and store in a dry “Preventative Boat Maintenance” to make • Check your tires. area out of the sun. sure your boat is in safe, operable condition. • Make sure your wheel bearings are greased. Conduct an onboard safety discus- Engines, fuel • Ensure the trailer hitch is firmly on the sion with passengers: Everyone on board tanks, and lines, mechanical: trailer ball, and it is latched and secured needs to know in advance what is expected • Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance plan. with a pin or lock. of them and where they can find needed • Check for fuel leaks from the tank, • Cross and attach the trailer safety chains to equipment. The discussion should include carburetor, engine compartment, and the tow vehicle in an “X” pattern. Trailer safe- information on the location and proper fuel lines. ty chains should not drag (required by law). use of life jackets (PFDs), fire extinguish- • Check hose connections for leaks or cracks • Make sure your lights work with your vehi- ers, visual distress equipment, and first-aid and make sure hose clamps are secure. cle (required by law). kit. Explain emergency procedures; rules • Examine the ignition safety switch and • Secure the winch, other tie down straps, prohibiting discharging waste overboard; basic operation of the marine radio (if one lanyard for wear and proper operation. and any loose items. is installed); other items such as boat opera- • Check for proper operation of steering and • Always carry a spare tire for your trailer. tion, weather and/or water conditions, other controls. anchoring procedures, docking and line • Drain the fuel tank at the end of handling, and the dangers of falling over- the season or use a fuel stabilizer. board and being struck by the propeller. Check for signs of wear and corrosion: • Check for cracks or leaks. • Check for firm hoses, free of leaks, and use double clamps. • Make sure the backfire arrestor is attached and serviceable. • Check belts, the battery for corrosion, and anything unusual.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 47 BOAT OPERATION
Launching and Retrieving with the current, the boat must be going faster Also, consider approaching from another than the speed of the current to maintain control direction or selecting another dock. Plan Prepare your boat well away from the boat and maneuverability. Boats do not have brakes. for a no-escape situation: If you get into ramp, so you do not block ramp traffic. Before To reduce speed quickly, the motor should be put a situation from which escape is difficult, you launch, it is helpful to makesure you have in reverse and power applied. Stopping in this use spring lines with dock hands or fel- not missed any important points: manner requires practice to avoid water washing low boaters on the dock to help keep you • Put the plug in. in over the stern. Consult the owner’s manual for in control. • Raise the motor. proper procedures. 4. Approach slowly, docking is no place • Disconnect trailer wiring and tie-downs. for speed. Relax and stay focused. • Tie a line to the bow to maintain control of 5. Use only the power necessary to move the boat. Docking the boat and maintain control. Alternating • Slowly back your boat trailer into the water Docking is a difficult maneuver, especially for between idle speed in gear and drifting in and set the emergency brake. the new boater. Learning to dock also requires neutral is one way to slow your movement. • Disconnect and secure the winch and safe- practice with a capable teacher. When docking, a Apply brief bursts of power to help with ty chain from the bow. boater must keep in mind that the boat’s steering steering and then shift to neutral to limit • Push or motor the boat off the trailer while mechanism is located at the stern (back), which your speed. somebody holds the bow line. will move first, followed by the bow (front of the 6. Deploy boat fenders or other devices Retrieval is the opposite of launching. boat). Docking is similar to landing an airplane; to protect the hull. you must encounter a fixed object but do so 7. Use a boat hook to pull the boat closer softly without inflicting damage. At the same to dock. If someone is available, hand them time, environmental conditions such as current, a line. Do not jump from the boat to dock. wind, and waves can make your approach more complicated. Additional docking tips for specific Depending on the situation, docking proce- situations. dures vary. Fenders, mooring lines, a boat hook, With Wind or Current Ahead. Approach at Boarding and a heaving line should be ready. The approach a moderate angle (about 15 to 20 degrees) Stability is important when boarding a small to the dock should be planned. If possible, the slowly and with fenders and lines at the boat. Wearing a life jacket when boarding is a boat should be headed into the current and/or ready. As you touch the dock, reverse common sense safety precaution. Passengers wind to slow down and to more easily control power to halt your advance and hand a line should steady the boat from the dock or shore it. A common method when docking in current to a dock hand. If no dock hand is avail- while the operator boards. Maintain three points is to slip the boat sideways bit by bit toward the able, use a boat hook or have a crew mem- of contact when boarding and moving about dock, pier, or slip. When docking correctly, the ber step (not jump) from the boat to the a boat. Once in, the operator should steady the boat feels like it is moving in slow motion. After dock to secure the line. boat for others. When boarding, everyone should docking, a line should be secured from the dock keep his or her weight as low and as close to the With Wind or Current Behind. In this situ- to the bow of the boat. The current will hold the boat’s center as possible. Holding onto the gun- ation, your big concern is pin wheeling if boat against the dock while the remaining lines wales is the best way for boarders to keep steady. the wind or current takes the stern, so do Equipment and gear should be loaded onto the are tied off. not tie the bow first. Slow your approach boat one item at a time, handing it to someone A docking light is a flood or spotlight type by throttling back. Your angle should be a already on board. The load should be evenly dis- of light permanently installed or permanently slight 5 to 10 degrees—coming alongside tributed and secured, so it doesn’t shift. mounted on a motorboat that is used to illumi- the pier. Reverse throttle slightly to still nate a boat’s forward course of travel. For specific your approach; tie an aft quarter spring line. information on illegal use of docking lights, see Then, tie your bow; tie remaining lines. Boat Trim page 44. With Wind or Current Off the Pier. This Boat trim (the way a boat floats) is vital in a is more challenging. You will need to small boat. Weight should be distributed in the DOCKING TECHNIQUES increase the angle of your approach and boat to keep the bow light. Keep the boat from Although there are subtle docking differences use just enough power to reach and hold listing (leaning to one side) by distributing between propulsion systems and watercraft, the dock. Have a crew member toss the weight equally from side to side. Sudden, sharp the following guidelines apply to most docking line to a dock hand or carefully step on the turns should be avoided and the boat’s capacity conditions: dock to secure the line. You will be using must never be exceeded. 1. Survey the dock: Look for moving power against a spring line to pull the boat boats and traffic, available hands, and the parallel to the dock and hold it until you Boat Handling locations of cleats or pilings. are secured by lines. All boats handle differently, and inexperienced 2. Visualize your approach: Determine With Wind or Current Toward the Pier. operators need hands-on practice with a capable which side is better. Identify what lines you Line up next to the pier, and let the wind teacher to become proficient in handling their intend to use and who will do what. take you in. boat. A motorboat is most easily maneuvered 3. Plan an exit strategy: If things don’t go going against the current or wind. When moving according to plan, back out and try again rather than continue a flawed approach.
48 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook BOAT OPERATION
Departing situations is also a part of maintaining a proper • Nun buoys: These are cone-shaped lookout. Passengers should be asked to assist. red buoys with even numbers and When departing, your boat will naturally mark the edge of a channel on a 8 point into the current or wind—whichever is AIDS TO NAVIGATION (ATON) boaters starboard (right) side when dominant. If the current is strong, be prepared entering from the open sea or head- The closest things to signs to counter it, especially if there are boats astern ing upstream. of you. on the water are aids to navi- • Can buoys: These are cylindrical- Untie the line and toss it from the bow, mak- gation (ATON). The purpose shaped green buoys with odd ing sure the line is far enough away that it won’t of ATON is to help boaters numbers and mark the edge of the 9 foul the propeller. It’s easiest if a member of your avoid problems on the water channel on your port (left) side crew does this for you, because you may need to and for navigation when used when entering from the open sea apply some power in forward gear to maintain in combination with a nau- or heading upstream. your position. If you have to do this yourself, get tical chart. ATON includes Information and regulatory mark- to the helm quickly to take control. Do not apply buoys and daymarks (or ers are used to alert boaters of various warnings and regulatory matters. These regulatory propulsion and leave the helm to go to the bow. dayboards). The U.S. Aids to Once you’re free, drift backward until you markers are white can buoys with orange shapes and Navigation System has been black lettering. have clearance. Apply light forward throttle adopted by the Commission while also turning to go around rather than over for use on all Commonwealth SAFE SPEED the mooring line. Once you’ve moved to the side, waters. Boaters should learn this system and pre- power away. A boater’s speed of operation will vary accord- sume nothing. Navigational aids are often moved ing to the weather, water conditions, time of day or by the Coast Guard, the PFBC, storms, heavy cur- night, other boat traffic, and individual boat char- Boat Navigation Rules rents, or vandals. acteristics. Safe speed allows the operator to be in The navigation rules contained in this hand- In the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, markers control and take correct action to avoid a collision. book are a summary for which a boat operator designate the edges of a channel and the direc- is responsible on inland waterways and Lake tion of open water. The colors of these markers RISK OF COLLISION Erie. Additional and more in-depth rules apply are important. Red markers indicate that boat- A risk of collision exists when there is the regarding various types of waterways (such as ers should navigate with the markers on their possibility that two boats will arrive at the same International Waters and Western Rivers) and starboard (right) side when traveling upstream. point on the water at the same time. The first operation in relation to commercial vessels and Remember the slogan “Red, Right Return,” to indication of a risk of collision is when one operator other watercraft. It is the responsibility of a boat find your way home to port. Green markers notices that another boat has a constant bearing (or operator to know and follow navigation rules. indicate that boaters should navigate with the constant relative position) and a decreasing range In states where Inland Rules do not apply, the markers on their port (left) side when traveling (the other boat is getting closer). When this occurs, equivalent International, Western Rivers, or upstream. Red markers have even numbers, and the Rules of the Road make one boat either a stand- on (privileged) vessel or a give-way (burdened) Great Lakes rule(s) may be substituted. For a green markers have odd numbers. complete listing of the navigation rules, refer to vessel (explanation follows). The risk of collision To aid visibility, these buoys may also have ends when both boats have avoided the collision by the document “Navigation Rules” published by lights that match their color. Further distinction the USCG (COMDTINST 16672.2 Series). This is proper action under the rules and are moving safely between buoys is recognized by their shape: away from each other. available through the U.S. Government printing office or online at www.navcen.uscg.gov. Refer to the state laws where you intend to boat for state-specific navigation requirements. The purpose of the navigation rules (rules of the road) is to prevent collisions. Since there are no traffic lines and few signs on the water, boat operators must make choices. Common sense is required, but boaters must also know the rules of BOATS KEEP OUT! DANGER! CONTROLLED AREA! INFORMATION the road. Operators are responsible for: Nature of danger may Nature of danger may Area as indicated in Tells directions, distances, • The safety of all passengers in the boat. be placed outside be indicated inside the circle such as speed limit, places, food, repairs, supplies, • The boat’s wake and any damage caused crossed diamond diamond shape such as no shing, no anchoring, and other non-regulatory such as dams, rocks, shoals, dams, ski only, slow-no wake, messages. by it. swim areas, or rapids. construction, or stumps. no prop boats, or no ski. • Maintaining a proper lookout and operat- ing at a safe speed for the conditions. • Using good seamanship, which is the foun- dation of the navigation rules.
PROPER LOOKOUT Boat operators must maintain a proper look- out at all times when operating a boat. Collisions MOORING BUOY CHANNEL CHANNEL MID CHANNEL and other types of accidents can be avoided by White with re ectorized Lateral System. Lateral System. Lateral System. scanning all around the boat for swimmers, other blue band. May have Buoy on port side Buoy on starboard Pass close on boats, and obstructions. Listening for dangerous white light or re ector. facing upstream. side facing upstream. either side.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 49 BOAT OPERATION
STAND-ON AND GIVE-WAY VESSEL OVERTAKING (PASSING) SITUATIONS Under the Rules, the stand-on vessel is required The boat being passed is the stand-on vessel. It must maintain its course and speed while the to maintain its course and speed. The give-way ves- overtaking (give-way) vessel passes by. The overtaking boat is always the give-way vessel, and it sel is required to stop or slow down or, when over- may pass on either side. taking, to pass the other vessel in a safe manner. Under no circumstances should the stand-on vessel assume that the give-way vessel is going to take the action required to avoid a collision. Both operators STAND-ON are required to avoid a collision in any situation. GIVE-WAY VESSEL PORT VESSEL PORT 300 YARDS 1350 100 YARDS STARBOARD STARBOARD 3300 3300
CROSSING SITUATION CONSTANT BEARING - DECREASING RANGE All boats have a danger zone from dead ahead (12 o’clock) to 4 o’clock (112.5 degrees) starboard (the right). In a crossing situation, the boat in the danger zone (ahead and to the right) is the stand-on vessel. The give-way vessel must stop or slow down and let the stand-on vessel continue on. If the give-way vessel does not take the required action in this or any of the other situations, then the stand-on vessel 400 YARDS operator must be prepared to take action to avoid a collision. 100 YARDS
3300 0100
STAND-ON VESSEL CHANGE IN BEARING - DECREASING RANGE
"DANGER ZONE" Rules for Power-driven Vessels GIVE- FROM DEAD AHEAD Underway WAY TO 112.50 or 22 1/20 VESSEL ABAFT THE HEAD-ON (MEETING) SITUATION STARBOARD BEAM When two boats meet head-on, both boats are required to turn starboard (to the right)to avoid the other. At night, a head-on situation exists SOUND SIGNALS when both the red and the green running lights are seen at the same time. Lights required on boats Sound signals should be made when are explained previously in this handbook. Sound within hearing distance of another ves- signals used when maneuvering are explained on sel to indicate your intentions when meeting, crossing, or overtaking another vessel. Your signal should receive this page. a response signal from the other vessel indicating their 1 BLAST agreement or disagreement with your intentions. Short Blast- 1-second duration STARBOARD Prolonged Blast- 4 to 6 seconds duration PORT 1 Short Blast- I intend to leave you on my port side (boat turns right). GIVE-WAY 2 Short Blasts- I intend to leave you on my starboard GIVE-WAY VESSEL side (boat turns left). VESSEL 3 Short Blasts- I am operating in reverse (astern PORT propulsion). STARBOARD 5 or More Short Blasts- Doubt or danger (danger signal used when the other vessel’s intentions are 1 BLAST not understood or where the other vessel’s indi- cated course is dangerous).
50 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook BOAT OPERATION
Other Important Rules of 6 intership safety communications only 9 commercial and non-commercial intership, the Road ship to coast and alternate calling channel • A power-driven vessel must give way to any 13 ocean-going vessels, bridge tenders, tugs while towing, locks sailing vessel that is under sail only (no aux- 16 distress safety and calling, call Coast Guard, establish general contact iliary power propulsion). 24-28, 84-88 public telephone calls (to call the marine operator) Exceptions: • When a sailboat is overtaking a 68, 69, 71, and 78 non-commercial intership and ship to coast (recreational boat working channels) power-driven vessel (power-driven 72 non-commercial intership only vessel is the stand-on vessel and main- tains course and speed while being Marine weather (WX-1, WX-2, WX-3) sta- The holding power of an anchor increases overtaken). tions broadcast the latest available weather as the scope ratio increases. A ratio of 7:1 is • When a sailboat is approaching a boat information from the National Weather Service standard; 10:1 is better in rough water. For at anchor (the power-driven vessel continually. Forecasts are updated every 6 example, if boating in 8 feet of water and remains anchored). hours or more often as conditions require. the bow is 2 feet above the waterline, 70 feet • In narrow channels, recreational vessels under 65 feet long must not hamper the of rode is recommended. Boaters should operation of large vessels that cannot oper- Anchoring carry at least two anchors. A smaller, lighter ate outside the channel. Boats should oper- It is essential that every boater becomes anchor is good for use in calm weather and ate as near to the outer limit of the channel proficient in anchoring. Some anchoring for positioning a boat, and a larger anchor that lies on its starboard (right) side as is considerations include: is best for bad weather or when anchoring safe and practicable. • Type and weight of the boat. overnight. Never anchor from the stern, • Vessels restricted in their ability to maneu- especially in current or waves. The anchor ver, such as tugs with barges, ferryboats, • Character of the bottom in the area you line should be tied to the bow. The end of the commercial fishing boats with nets or lines are boating (rocky, sandy). out, or boats at anchor, are stand-on vessels. • Average depth of the water. anchor rode (called the bitter end) must be • Vessels not under command (usually • Strength of the wind and current. secured to the boat because of mechanical problems and are • Diameter of the anchor line. To anchor, the boat should be headed unable to steer) or constrained by their There are different types of anchors: kedge into the wind or current. The engine is then draft are stand-on vessels. for rocks and heavy grasses, burying for sand reversed, or the boat is allowed to back off. • On a river, a boat operating upriver (against and mud, mushroom for permanent moor- When the boat begins to drift backward, the current) gives way to a boat operating ings. The two questions boaters should ask lower the anchor from the bow (front of the downriver (with the current). A boat oper- boat). No one should be standing on any part ating across the current gives way to boats themselves about anchoring are: which type of the anchor line. When about a third of the operating both upriver and downriver. of anchor will they need, and how much rode (the length of the anchor rode is out, the rode is tied off to a forward PORT STARBOARD line) is necessary. cleat to make the anchor dig into the bottom. Anchors hold best Once the anchor digs in, the remaining rode when the pull of the rode is let out. A sight bearing is then taken on some stationary objects to make certain that GIVE-WAY STARBOARD PORT STAND-ON on the anchor is as near VESSEL VESSEL to horizontal as possible. the anchor is not dragging on the bottom. (powerboat) (sailboat)
BOW ABOVE WATERLINE 2 FT. SCOPE 7 : 1
VHF Radio R OD E= A VHF (very 7 X 10 DEPTH FT high frequency) OF WATER . radio is used to 8 FT. communicate with other boaters, the Coast Guard, commercial RODE IS THE LENGTH OF THE ANCHOR LINE AND CHAIN. SCOPE IS THE RATIO OF LENGTH OF ANCHOR RODE IN USE TO THE VERTICAL DISTANCE vessels, draw bridge tenders, and lock operators. FROM THE BOW OF THE VESSEL TO THE BOTTOM OF THE WATER. A VHF is not required to be USCG approved.
Recreational boaters are not required to carry RING MUSHROOM VHF radios, but they are highly recommended HEAD
on larger waters such as Lake Erie. The Federal STOCK PLOW TYPE Communications Commission (FCC) regulates their use. Recreational boats less than 20 meters in length are NOT required to have a station license to operate a VHF radio unless they travel SHANK to foreign ports or transmit to foreign stations. FLUKES Use of a VHF radio is enforced by the USCG. DANFORTH There are many channels on the VHF, but rec- KEDGE reational boaters are given access to only a few. CROWN
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 51 BOAT OPERATION
Anchors can also be used as safety devices in an TYPICAL FIXED-CREST DAM emergency situation. The operator may drop the anchor quickly to avoid running aground in the event the boat loses power. Make sure the anchor and line are stored in an easily accessible place. Exercise caution when “weighing” (pulling up) anchor. The combination of anchor pull, current, and weight can swamp a small boat. The anchor ENTER should be lifted as vertically as possible. As it is LOCK BUOYS DURING lifted, it can be washed. Take care that it does not hit the side of the boat. RECREATION SEASON RESTRICTED AREA Locks and Dams DAM In Pennsylvania, locks and dams are locat- ed on the three rivers in and near Pittsburgh (Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio rivers). The dams provide a navigable channel for river traf- RESTRICTED AREA fic. Locks are a means of passing vessels through the dams. The locks in Pennsylvania are built and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ENTER BUOYS At locks, the lockmaster is in control and will sig- LOCK nal your boat to enter with a horn or a light system. There are priorities (of boats) set for safe and efficient passage: LIGHT SYSTEM • military craft • mail boats THE ONE THAT IS FLASHING IS THE LIGHT TO OBEY. • commercial passenger craft 1. Red - Stand clear, do not enter. • commercial tows 2. Amber - Approach the • commercial fishermen lock under full control. • pleasure boats 3. Green - Enter the lock. Before entering a lock, the boat should stop at 4. Amber/Green - least 100 yards from the lock entrance. The lock- Enter the lock with caution. master can be signaled by the boater with a long and short blast of the horn, on the marine radio (channel 13), or with a signaling device on the lock wall. Once the lockmaster has been signaled, BOAT AND MOTOR THEFT the boat must stay clear of the lock chamber until Boat Theft signaled to enter. Fenders and mooring lines (mini- Small boats are vulnerable to theft. Titled boats PREVENTION CHECKLIST mum of 75 feet) should be ready. Once inside the are easier to identify and much more difficult to Secure it. Store your boat and motor in a chamber, the lock lines are adjusted with the water sell illegally. Boat dealers and other purchasers are secure location. Use a hitch lock to secure levels. The boat must not be tied fast to the lock more certain that someone offering a titled boat your boat trailer. Lock your outboard wall. Life jackets should always be worn. for sale has the legal right to do so. motor to your boat with a motor lock or chain and padlock. 1. Gate Open UPSTREAM Mark it. Use an engraving tool to mark your boat, motor, and marine equipment with a DOWNSTREAM unique identification (driver’s license number, 2. Boats Enter 3. Gate Closed etc.). Hide your engraved identification in a CURRENT location where it is not easily found. Record it. Keep a record of your boat and motor’s make, model, and serial numbers. Report it. Immediately report any theft to your local police and to the Pennsylvania HOW LOCK SYSTEMS OPERATE–REVERSE PROCEDURE Fish and Boat Commission, Division of FOR DOWNSTREAM LOCKAGE UPSTREAM Licensing and Registration, in Harrisburg, 4. Gate Closed 7. Boats Exit at 1-(866) 262-8734. Reporting your loss to the police and the PFBC may lead to its DOWNSTREAM recovery in the event someone attempts to 5. Lock filled to higher level 6. Gate Open sell or register it. CURRENT
52 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook OTHER WATER ACTIVITIES
Personal Watercraft (PWC) • For anyone 11 years of age or younger to oper- Paddlesports ate a PWC. PWCs are defined as vessels less than 16 feet • For anyone 12 through 15 years of age to oper- Canoeing, kayaking, and stand-up paddle- boarding are popular recreational water sports in length that use an inboard engine powering a ate a PWC with any passengers on board 15 water jet pump as their primary source of propul- in Pennsylvania. There are dangers that can be years of age or younger. sion, designed to be operated by a person sitting, lessened with knowledge, preparation, and prac- kneeling, or standing in other than the conven- PWC Characteristics tice. Primary hazards are capsizing, swamping, or just falling out of the boat. Keep in mind that tional manner of boat operation. Other vessels • Jet pump propulsion, which eliminates a may use jet propulsion, however, these vessels paddling is a “get wet” sport. rudder or exposed propeller. are not considered a PWC. • A steerable nozzle is located at the stern of These boats are fast and maneuverable and PADDLING TIPS the boat. can be operated in relatively shallow water. • Wear your life jacket. On average, 80 per- • A cut-off switch and safety lanyard, which PWC operators are involved in a disproportion- cent of all recreational boating fatalities ate number of boating accidents. Collisions are stops the engine when the operator falls off happen to people who are not wearing a life the most common type of accident reported and the PWC. jacket. are usually caused by the operator not keeping a • PWCs are highly maneuverable. Releasing • Expect to get wet and dress properly. proper lookout or operating the boat in a reckless the throttle (or slowing the engine) usually Even the best paddlers sometimes capsize manner. Many of these accidents are caused by eliminates the ability to steer the craft. or swamp their boats. people new to PWC operation, and nearly all of • Be prepared to swim. If the water looks too these accidents are avoidable. hazardous to swim in, don’t go paddling. • If you capsize, hold on to your boat, unless it presents a life-threatening situation. • Scout ahead whenever possible. Know the river. Avoid surprises. • Be prepared for the weather. Get a fore- cast before you go. PA 0000 BD • Wear wading shoes or tennis shoes with wool, polypropylene, pile, or neoprene PWC Operation socks. PWC operators should be responsible and • Never take your boat over a low-head dam. considerate of others around them. Noise • Portage (carry) your boat around any is the most common complaint against section of water about which you feel PWC operators must follow the same laws and PWC operators. A PWC must be equipped uncertain. regulations as other boaters. Pennsylvania regula- with an efficient muffling system in good • Never boat alone. Boating safety increases tions require that PWC operators must: working order, which cannot be bypassed with numbers. • Wear life jackets at or altered. Courteous PWC operators will • Keep painter lines (ropes tied to the bow) all times. All pas- vary their areas of operation to reduce and any other ropes coiled and secured. sengers must also repetitive course tracking, stay away from • Never tie a rope to yourself or to another wear life jackets. shorelines, and be aware of all boats and paddler, especially a child. Inflatable life jackets people in the area of operation. • Kneel to increase your stability before are not acceptable. Everyone who operates a PWC should read entering rougher water, like a rapid. • Carry a fully charged the owner’s manual and become familiar • If you collide with an obstruction, lean fire extinguisher on board (see fire extinguish- with the craft before going out on the toward it. er section). • water. Practice is essential for safe PWC Be sure to leave a float plan. It’s a written • Carry a sound-producing device on board. statement that details your intended trip operation. PWC operators must connect • Attach the cut-off switch safety lanyard to and is provided to a relative, friend, neigh- the safety lanyard to both the cut-off clothing, body, or life jacket. The purpose of bor, or marina operator. Include specifics the switch is to stop the engine in case the switch on the PWC and their life jacket, about the vessel, equipment, crew, and operator falls off. body, or clothing. If the operator falls off, departure and arrival times. the operator should re-board the craft Furthermore, it is illegal: from the rear. PWCs have both “main” • For anyone to operate a PWC without hav- and “reserve” fuel tanks. Switch the fuel ing in one’s possession a Boating Safety selector on your craft to “reserve” when Education Certificate. See page 37 on how to the “main” tank has been used and head obtain a certificate. to shore to refuel. Safety gear, including • To rent a PWC to anyone 15 years of age or gloves, eye protection, footwear, and wet- younger. No one less than 16 years of age suit or dry suit for protection against cold may operate a rented PWC. water, is not required by law but advisable • To operate a PWC from sunset to sunrise. See for PWC operators. page 45 for timetable. • To tow a water skier behind a PWC with a capacity of two people or fewer and to tow more than one skier.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 53 OTHER WATER ACTIVITIES
Water-skiing and • Skiers may start from the shore or dock if boat white diagonal stripe running from traffic permits. Skiers may not return to the the top of the staff to the opposite Similar Activities shore or dock under power. lower corner. Water-skiing includes conventional water- • Installation of ski ramps and jumps requires a The code flag alpha is a blue and skiing, as well as anyone towed behind a boat on permit from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat white pennant, and boats must dis- aquaplanes, kneeboards, inner tubes, air mat- Commission. Mooring or drifting within 100 play this flag during dive operations tresses, parasails, kite skis, wake boards, or any feet of a ski ramp or jump while it is in use is if they are restricted in their ability to maneuver. similar device. Participants in all of these types of prohibited. Boats not engaged in diving operations shall activities are required to wear a life jacket. Persons • Kite skiing and parasailing are permitted engaged in barefoot, jump or trick skiing, or remain at least 100 feet from areas displaying only on waters where unrestricted skiing is wake surfing may elect to wear, at their own risk, the diver down flag or boats displaying the code a wetsuit designed specifically for that activity. permitted. flag alpha. A USCG-approved life jacket must be carried in • It is legal to tow more than one skier except the boat for each skier electing to wear the special when locally prohibited. Ski tow ropes may not water-ski wetsuit. Inflatable life jackets are not exceed the following lengths (as measured from Sailing acceptable for anyone towed behind a boat. the boat’s transom): Sailing is another popular form of boating In addition to the operator, a competent • Conventional water-ski- 80 feet in Pennsylvania. Sailboaters may have different observer must be in the boat in a position to • Parasails- 300 feet requirements than other boaters. They should observe the progress of the person being towed. A • Nonreleasable kite ski- 50 feet be familiar with the operation and navigation competent observer is a person who has the abil- • Releasable kite ski- 500 feet requirements found in this handbook. Navigation ity to assess when a skier is in trouble, knows and • It is unlawful to operate a motorboat at any lights are required after dusk and during periods understands the water-skiing hand signals, and is speed with a person or persons sitting, riding, of restricted visibility. capable of helping a skier. or hanging on a swim platform (teak surfing) or Sailboaters should stay off the water during • To prevent propeller-related accidents, turn swim ladder attached to the motorboat, except storms and periods of extremely high winds. off your engine before picking up any skier. when launching, retrieving, docking, or anchor- They should also be aware of overhead power • Skiing is prohibited between sunset and ing the motorboat. lines. Life jackets should be worn at all times. sunrise. Another type of sailing vessel, the sailboard • Skiers are also considered passengers and • It is unlawful to operate a motorboat at any count in the boat’s total capacity. speed when towing a person on water skis or (windsurfer) is a single or double-hulled boat with • It’s unlawful to operate a boat when it is other devices using a tow rope of 20 feet or less jointed mast (surfboard with a sail). Sailboard loaded with passengers (including indi- (as measured from the boat’s transom). The operators in Pennsylvania must wear a life jacket. viduals being towed behind a boat) or cargo minimum tow rope length does not apply to Inflatable life jackets are not acceptable. beyond its safe carrying capacity. wake surfing. • Boats engaged in the activity of wake surfing are limited to slow, no-wake speed when within 200 Hunters and Anglers WATER-SKIING HAND SIGNALS feet of the shoreline, docks, Hunters and anglers that use a boat as a plat- launch ramps, swimmers or form to hunt or fish must remember that they downed skiers, persons wad- are boaters too. Often these types of boaters get ing in the water, anchored, so involved with their sport they forget to fol- moored, or drifting boats, low all boating regulations such as proper safety and other marked areas. equipment, boating laws, and the rules of the • Motorboats propelled by road. When fishing from a boat, remember to an outboard motor, inboard/ load your boat properly, remain seated, wear a outboard motor or water jet life jacket, and keep an eye on the weather. Never are prohibited from towing anchor from the stern (back), and stay with your boat a person in or on the wake if it should capsize. of the boat. Hunting from a boat is fun but can be danger- ous. Fall weather is changeable and can be dead- Swimming and ly for the boating hunter. Water temperatures Diving are typically much colder during traditional hunting seasons. The hunter usually hunts from Swimming is prohib- a small boat with a flat bottom. These boats are ited at Pennsylvania Fish poorly suited for rough water. Life jackets appro- and Boat Commission lakes priate for hunting should be worn at all times. and access areas. Boaters Please be aware of the mandatory cold- should keep a sharp look- weather life jacket wear regulation, effective out for swimmers and div- November 1 through April 30–see page 42. ers at all times. A diver down flag is displayed from a float during diving operations. This flag is red with a
54 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook SAFETY AND RESCUE
Ventilation and Fueling everyone on your boat knows the location of the fire the tide changes direction is known as “slack water.” extinguisher and its use. Operation of a fire extinguish- “High tide” is the highest level a tide reaches during Gasoline fumes are heavier than air and will er is rather simple. Just remember PASS. ascending waters, and “low tide” is the lowest level a settle to the lowest part of the boat’s interior hull, tide reaches during descending waters. the bilge. All motorboats, except open boats, must The tidal cycle is the high tide followed approxi- have at least two ventilator ducts with cowls (intake Running Aground mately 6 hours later by low tide (two highs and two and exhaust). Exhaust blowers are part of most boat Keep a sharp lookout when traveling on waters lows per day). The tidal range is the vertical distance ventilation systems. Permanently installed fuel that have shallow areas to avoid running aground. between high and low tides. The tidal range varies tanks must be vented. Navigational charts, buoys, and depth finders can from 1 to 11 feet in Pennsylvania on the Delaware Most boat explosions occur from improper fuel- assist in this task. If you run aground and the impact River. Boaters should consult tide tables for times of ing. Portable gas tanks should be filled on the dock does not appear to cause a leak, follow these steps to high and low tides. or pier, not on board. The vent on the tank should refloat the boat: be closed and the gas pumped carefully, maintain- • Do not put the boat in reverse. Instead, stop ing contact with the nozzle and the tank’s rim. Any the engine and lift the out-drive. Dams spills should be cleaned up, the tank secured, and • Shift the weight to the area farthest from the Dams on our rivers aid navigation, produce the vent reopened. point of impact. power, and prevent flooding. Keep away from When filling inboard tanks, everyone should • Try to shove off the rock or bottom. dams! Dangerous currents above the structure be sent ashore and the boat closed up. All electri- If this fails, contact help. can draw boats into water going over or through cal systems should be shut off. After filling up and a dam. Areas below a dam are also extremely haz- before starting the engine, the blower should be run ardous to boats because of strong recirculating for at least 4 minutes. Take appropriate precautions Water Hazards currents and turbulent waters. to prevent spills. Avoid discharging oil and gas from It is important that boaters know the waters on The most dangerous hazard on a river is a low- your boat’s bilge. Toxic substances must be disposed which they are boating. Information about local haz- of properly. Noncompliance may result in fines. ards can be obtained by physically viewing their pro- head dam. There are hundreds of such dams on Boaters should routinely check for leaks in fuel posed route, consulting local boating sources, and rivers and streams throughout Pennsylvania, and lines and fittings, frayed wiring, and improperly utilizing web resources such as the PFBC website. dams are true “drowning machines.” rigged electrical systems. Water going over a dam creates a back current MOVING WATER: Safety on the water or undertow that can pull a boat into the turbu- depends on developing respect for the power of lence and capsize it. This hydraulic can trap and Carbon Monoxide water. The power of current is deceptive and should hold a person or boat. Many dams are not marked Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is a potentially deadly be taken into account by all boaters. A strainer is an and are almost impossible to see from upstream. by-product of your boat’s engine. Each year boaters obstruction in the water (such as a tree branch) that State law requires that many low-head dams are killed or injured by carbon monoxide. Stay away allows water to pass through but will hold and trap in the Commonwealth be marked with signs from exhaust areas and do not swim near exhaust boats and boaters. Rivers and rapids are rated with and, when practical, buoys upstream and down- vents. Never enter an enclosed area under a swim the International Scale of River Difficulty (Classes stream from these dangerous structures. The platform, where exhaust is vented. Only one or two I - VI), which is a guide established by the American signs detail restrictions for boating, swimming breaths of the air in this “death chamber” can be fatal. Whitewater Affiliation. Parts of rivers could have and wading, and hazards posed by the dam. Keep air moving through the boat to avoid problems. a different class rating than the overall river’s rat- Restrictions are enforced by the PFBC Waterways Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning depend ing. The rating for any river will vary as water flow Conservation Officers. Dams must be avoided on exposure. Brief exposure may produce shortness of increases or decreases because of seasonal conditions. and may be located by checking water trail guides, other maps, and the PFBC’s website. breath, mild nausea, and mild headaches. Moderate WIND AND WAVES: The levels of CO exposure may cause death if headaches, definition of wind is “moving air that LOW-HEAD DAM dizziness, and light headedness symptoms persist for is described by the strength and the an extended period of time. High levels of CO may SECONDARY direction of its source.” Wind acts HYDRAULIC BOIL HYDRAULIC be fatal, causing death within minutes. If you suspect on the surface of the water, creat- someone is experiencing CO poisoning, move the ing waves. The greater the force and individual to fresh air immediately and call 9-1-1. duration of the wind, the bigger the waves will be. Large waves in big water can place small craft in danger. STAY AWAY! When crossing waves or another boat’s wake, head into the waves or wakes at an angle (45 degrees) to reduce pounding. Large bodies of water such as oceans or Lake Swim Platform Weather Erie provide different challenges and dangers than Weather can cause boaters problems. Having a Exhaust Ports moving water. Large, relatively shallow lakes, such mishap in cold water or in a remote area can result in as Lake Erie, may develop large waves faster than hypothermia or other problems. Getting caught in a deeper, similar waters. Small inland boats should Fire Extinguisher Use - not venture out on large waters such as Lake Erie storm can have serious consequences. Never under Fire extinguishers estimate the weather. must be immediately Pull pin TIDES AND TIDAL CURRENT: Tides Factors that determine weather conditions can be available and installed and tidal currents affect where a boater can travel or observed and measured. These factors include tem- (mounted away from Aim at base of fire anchor safely. They also affect how long it takes to get perature, barometric pressure, and wind. Weather the fuel source). They to a destination, the speed needed to arrive at a given affects the condition of open water and can change Squeeze handle must be fully charged, time, and the heading that must be maintained. suddenly. Check local forecasts the night before going in usable (good) con- Sweep side to side Tides are the vertical rise and fall of ocean water boating and again in the morning. The National dition, and inspected using short bursts, 1 (and waters affected by the ocean) caused by the Weather Service typically issues a new marine fore- ⁄2 to 1 second each regularly. Make sure gravitational pull of the moon and sun. The moment cast every 6 hours on designated VHF radio channels.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 55 SAFETY AND RESCUE
Signs that dangerous weather may be approach- PREVENTION If capsizing occurs, stay with the boat and make ing include: sure everyone has a life jacket. Stay calm. If the boat • When getting into or moving around in a • Clouds gathering, darkening, and increas- can be righted, bail out as much water as possible, small boat, always maintain three points of get in, and paddle towards shore. If capsized or over- ing in size. contact, keeping your weight low and close to board in a river, swim downstream, feet first, to avoid • A sudden temperature drop, a rapid wind the centerline. Don’t overload your boat. shift, or change in speed. • Do not allow passengers to stand in small potential head injury and entrapment. • Static on the AM band of the radio may boats, including canoes and kayaks, or sit on Keep a lookout: indicate an approaching thunderstorm. foredecks, gunwales, engine boxes, seat backs, • A drop in the barometric pressure (check • Assign a passenger to keep watch around the or transoms. Small boats, especially canoes propeller area of your boat when people are in a barometer). and kayaks, are more likely to capsize when the water. someone stands up. • Never allow passengers to board or exit your IF A STORM IS NEAR... • Watch crew members and frequently check boat from the water when the engine is on or In a small boat, put on your life jacket and head that everyone is aboard. idling (your propeller may continue to spin). for the nearest shore. Beach your boat and • Wear deck-gripping shoes (bare feet have poor Turn the engine off. find shelter on the downwind (leeward) side traction). • Be especially alert when operating in congested of the land. • Avoid rough water and weather conditions areas, and never enter swimming zones. In a large boat, put on your life jacket, start your whenever possible. • Take extra precautions near boats that are tow- engine, or secure your sails (whichever is • Practice a procedure for recovering someone ing skiers or tubers. applicable). Stow anything that is unnecessary. lost overboard. Toss a life jacket over the side • Never permit passengers to ride on the bow, Secure your dinghy (if you have one) and turn while moving. Test to see how long it takes to gunwale, transom, seat backs, or other loca- on your running lights. Close up the boat and stop the boat, turn, and retrieve the life jacket. tions where they may fall overboard. decide what to do. If land is near, head for it. If • Children should be watched carefully while not, you may have to ride out the storm. Do so Propeller Strikes onboard. by keeping your bow (front) headed into the When people and Consider purchasing propeller safety devices for waves, wind, and/or current. If your motor motorboats share the your boat. A variety of safety devices are avail- fails, a sea anchor on a line from the bow will same water, propeller keep the boat into the waves. A bucket will strikes can and do occur. able to help prevent propeller strikes. work as a sea anchor in an emergency. A typical recreational propeller can rip an EMERGENCY ACTION FOR Capsizing and Falls Overboard average person from head FALLS OVERBOARD AND to toe in less than one- PROPELLER STRIKES Many boating accident deaths are caused by tenth of a second. MOST 1. Shout “Man Overboard” immediately. capsizing. If a small, open boat capsizes, every- PROPELLER STRIKES CAN BE PREVENTED! one should take a head count, check for injury, and 2. Signal for assistance from passengers, crew, or stay with the boat. Most small boats have enough Before starting your boat: other boaters. Have someone call for assistance flotation to keep from sinking. If possible, the boat • Put on your life jacket! over the radio, if available. should be turned upright and the water bailed out. • Walk to the stern and look in the water to make 3. Stop the boat immediately. It can then be paddled to shore. It is also possible to certain there is no one near your propeller 4. Toss a life jacket to the person overboard or paddle a swamped boat to shore. The golden rule if (people near the boat’s propeller may not be any item that will float such as an empty ice a boat capsizes is for everyone to stay with the boat. visible from the helm). cooler. Even if the person is wearing a jacket, • Attach your engine cut-off switch lanyard to it will help improve visibility and provide addi- SWAMPING AND CAPSIZING your life jacket. If the lanyard is removed from tional flotation. the switch, the engine will shut off. 5. Assign someone to constantly point at the If you do capsize or swamp the boat, stay with the Educate passengers: person in the water. Never let the victim out boat and make sure everyone has a life jacket. • Explain the dangers of a motorboat running of sight. Stay calm. If the boat can be righted, bail out into a swimmer. 6. Avoid running the person over. as much water as possible, get in, and paddle • Show the location and danger of the propellers 7. Approach against the wind, waves, or current. towards shore. If your boat capsizes or you fall and all safety equipment. 8. Come close to the victim. overboard in moving water, such as a river, get • Turn off the engine if anyone is near the prop in the self-rescue position with your feet point- 9. Shift into reverse to stop forward motion. to prevent injury. 10. Put engine in neutral gear or shut off the ed downstream and near the surface to avoid • Establish clear rules for swim platform use, potential head injury and foot entrapment. engine to stop the propeller from turning. It boarding ladders, and seating (if possible, pas- may be safer to trail a life jacket on a line astern FALLS OVERBOARD sengers should remain seated at all times). and circle until the person can grasp it. • Talk about safety procedures and emergency 11. If the boat has a low freeboard, bring the per- Falls overboard are dangerous situations. People fall action plans. son over the transom. Be alert for hot motors, overboard even when wind and seas are calm. • Discuss preventing falls overboard: exhaust pipes, and carbon monoxide. The shock of falling into the water, especially • Maintain three points of contact, keep 12. High freeboard, use a swim platform or ladder cold water, can be life-threatening. Wearing a your weight low, and close to the centerline and rig a sling, rope ladder, or knotted line. life jacket can be your only source of survival. (balance issues may occur). 13. A non-powered vessel must be stabilized before The best means of survival is to already have a • Watch crew members and frequently attempting to bring the victim into the boat. life jacket on and stay with the boat. check that everyone is aboard. • Wear deck-gripping shoes (bare feet have Rescue and Survival poor traction).
• Avoid rough water and weather conditions No one should ever count on being rescued. Boaters whenever possible. must be prepared for mishaps on the water. Drowning • Limit alcohol use and discuss physical can occur within a few feet of safety. Even those who effects resulting from on water activities. cannot swim can save a life if they know some basic • Discuss swamping and capsizing prevention. rescue techniques. • Don’t overload your boat. 56 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook SAFETY AND RESCUE
follow. The person may feel claustrophobic, panicked, • Do not remove your REACH and confused. Cold water greatly reduces the victim’s clothing. ability to hold his breath, control breathing, and • Get back into or climb impairs the ability to swim. on top of the boat. • If you can’t get out of Hypothermia the water and shore is too far, get into the Hypothermia is the lowering of the body’s core Heat Escape Lessening temperature. It is a factor in many fatal boating acci- Posture (HELP). dents. Cold water robs the body of heat much faster than cold air of the same temperature. RESCUE SEQUENCE Hypothermia begins with shivering and a loss of Alcohol and Boating 1. Self rescue: The rescuer should try to talk the feeling in the extremities. Cold, blue skin, decreased When on a boat, the effects of alcohol are magni- person in trouble into self-rescue and avoid mental skills, and slurred speech are common symp- fied and cause reduced judgement. Combined with toms. Unconsciousness can be followed by death. endangering themselves unnecessarily. stresses from wind, motion, and heat, your ability to Warm layered clothing, a life jacket, and eating high- 2. Reach: A fishing rod, shirt, towel, branch, oar, think and perform basic tasks needed to safely oper- energy foods will help prevent hypothermia. pole, boat hook, or other object can be used to ate your boat may become impaired. It is illegal to reach out to the victim. If nothing is available FOUR STAGES OF COLD WATER operate a boat while under the influence of alcohol or and the victim is within arm’s reach, the rescuer a controlled substance. Alcohol is prohibited on land should lie flat and extend a leg to the victim, IMMERSION and water at all state parks and at most U.S. Army pulling them to safety. Cold water shock is a rapid development of a Corps of Engineer projects. Pre-arrest breath tests
3. Throw: If the vic- number of shock responses caused by cold water can be used by officers to determine the probability tim is too far for immersion that can result in sudden drowning. that a boat operator is under the influence. A blood the reach rescue, 1. Initial cold shock (first 3-5 minutes). alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more is consid- the rescuer should Sudden immersion in cold water causes the ered to be over the legal limit (0.02% blood alcohol throw a rope, life gasp reflex, this can result in water inhalation, concentration for minors). Penalties include loss of jacket, empty jug, hyperventilation, changes in heart rate and boating privileges, significant fines, and imprison- ice chest, gas can, rhythm and blood pressure, and panic. All of ment. An officer can stop a boat and arrest. or anything else these reactions may result in death, especially that will float to for those with pre-existing heart conditions. the victim. Rescue 2. Short term swim failure (3-30 minutes). Courtesy Vessel Safety Checks line bags are excel- Cold water saps energy and arms and legs A Vessel Safety Check (VSC) is a free courtesy lent items to keep become weak. Movement is difficult and slow. examination of private recreational boats to verify on a boat. Death can occur by drowning, as the victim the presence and condition of safety equipment 4. Row: The rescuer THROW can no longer stay afloat. required by state and federal regulations. The ves- may boat out to 3. Long term hypothermia (30 minutes +). The sel examiner is a trained member of the U.S. Power the victim and body loses heat to cold water 25 times faster Squadrons or the USCG Auxiliary. Persons whose extend an oar or paddle. The victim should be than cold air. The body becomes hypother- boats fail the examination are informed of all short- brought back onboard over the stern (back) of mic when it loses heat at a rate faster than it comings, so they may correct them and be given a the boat. They should be pulled onboard as care- can generate heat. Continued exposure leads chance for reexamination and the awarding of the fully as possible. If it isn’t possible to bring them to unconsciousness and death. At this stage, decal. Vessels that pass may display the distinc- onboard, the rescuer should have them hold on death may occur without drowning. tive VSC decal, which entitles the boat owner to to the boat or hold them until help arrives. 4. Post immersion collapse. This stage occurs discounts at some marine dealers (see website for 5. Go: Swimming rescues are for trained lifesav- during or after rescue. The body is still details). Learn more about VSCs or arrange a free ers only. A swimming rescue should never be hypothermic and death may occur due to VSC by visiting www.cgaux.org/vsc. tried until all other basic rescue methods have complications from inhaling water or low- been ruled out. Rescuers who must swim to a ered body temperature. Boating Accidents victim should wear a life jacket and take a float- ing object with them to extend to the victim. FIRST AID FOR HYPOTHERMIA Each operator of a boat involved in a boating Rescuers should avoid personal contact with 1. Get the person out of the water or weather as accident must stop, render assistance, and offer the victim unless they have had lifeguard train- quickly as possible. identification if doing so will not endanger your- ing. Even then, it is used only as a last resort. 2. Replace wet clothing with dry clothing. self or passengers. If the accident results in a death Wrap the person in blankets to warm the or disappearance, the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat The method of rescue depends on the rescuer’s person slowly. Commission must be notified immediately, followed training and skill, the condition and location of the 3. Handle hypothermia victims gently and by a written boating accident report within 48 hours. victim, the equipment available, and what addi- do not give anything by mouth if they are If the accident results in an injury that requires treat- tional support is available at the scene. unconscious. Never give alcohol to a hypo- ment beyond first aid, a written boating accident thermia victim. report must be submitted within 48 hours. If the Cold Water Shock 4. Get medical help as soon as possible. accident results in damage to the vessel or other prop- erty exceeding $2,000, or if there is a complete loss Cold water shock is a major factor in boating fatali- COLD WATER SURVIVAL of the vessel, a written boating accident report must ties. It happens when someone is suddenly immersed be submitted within 10 days. All reports are confi- in cold water. The water does not have to be freezing; • Wear a life jacket. Flotation coats also offer dential and for the use of the Commission for boating cold water shock often occurs in water temperatures insulation from the cold. o safety purposes only. Boating Accident Report Forms above 50 F. • Wear clothing that still insulates when wet (PFBC 260) are available on the Commission’s web- The body’s first response to cold water shock such as wool, fleece, or other synthetics. is usually an involuntary gasp (torso reflex). • If you know you are about to fall into cold water, site. Reports must be sent to: Pennsylvania Fish and Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) and breathlessness cover your mouth and nose with your hands, so Boat Commission, Bureau of Law Enforcement, P.O. you don’t inhale water. Box 67000, Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000. Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 57 RESOURCE PROTECTION
Law Enforcement • Swimming at Commission access areas or indirectly into the water. All MSDs must be or in Commission-owned lakes. USCG approved. Portable toilets are not con- Enforcement of boating • Leaving trash, garbage, or debris, except sidered installed toilets. Direct overboard dis- laws and regulations, along as placed in containers provided for charge of portable toilet waste is a violation of with providing for safety on Pennsylvania waters, such purposes and accumulated only state water regulations. is the responsibility of the during the use of Commission property. Discharge of sewage, treated or untreated, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat • Removing or defacing any sign, poster, is prohibited in all fresh water impoundments Commission’s Waterways or property. lying entirely within the boundaries of the state. Conservation Officers. Some • Overnight sleeping in boats, When boating on these waters, if your watercraft of the waters of the state are also patrolled by other automotive vehicles, tents, campers, or is equipped with an installed toilet system, it agencies such as the Bureau of State Parks, U.S. the like. must be removed, sealed, or drained into a hold- Army Corps of Engineers, USCG, and the National • Blocking driveways, access roads, or ing tank, which can be carried or pumped ashore Park Service. launch ramps. for disposal at an approved sewage treatment sys- Boaters approached by a patrol boat with its • Parking in undesignated areas. tem. Pre-plan your trip: find pump-out locations blue light flashing must reduce speed to slow no- • While on Commission property, dogs must be on the PFBC website (www.fishandboat.com) wake and yield the right of way to the patrol boat. licensed and under control. When the dog is or look for the waterway sign above that indicates The operator shall stop when requested to do so on a lawn area, trail, or parking lot, it must be their availability. by a law enforcement officer. Violators can expect on a leash not to exceed 6 feet in length. The enforcement action. Persons who violate boat- maximum number of dogs that an owner or ing laws and regulations are subject to arrest, and Littering and Pollution upon conviction, the boat operator may be found handler is permitted to have on Commission guilty of a summary offense or misdemeanor. The property at one time is two. Droppings must Plastic bags, discarded fishing line, and penalty can be a fine and/or jail sentence. The be immediately scooped and disposed of off other garbage kill fish, waterfowl, and wild- Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission is also Commission property. The owner or handler life. Before throwing away six-pack rings, snip authorized by law to revoke, suspend, or deny the is responsible for the conduct of the dog. each circle with scissors. Once the rings are boating privileges of persons who are convicted of cut, no animal can get caught in the rings. In violating the boating laws and regulations. Persons Pennsylvania, it is unlawful for any person to whose boating privileges are subject to revocation, Permits litter. If something blows out of your boat, go suspension, or denial will be notified in writing All tournaments, regattas, races, parades, and back and remove the object(s) from the water. and given the opportunity for a hearing. exhibitions must be authorized by the Pennsylvania Cigarette butts tossed in Pennsylvania waters is Fish and Boat Commission or Coast Guard. An considered littering. Properly dispose of all lit- PFBC Lakes and Access Areas application must be filed with the Commission at ter and report water pollution. least 60 days prior to such event. Forms are avail- If you see any source or indication of pol- • Any boat, powered or able from the Bureau of Law Enforcement. lution, such as dead fish, call the PFBC’s unpowered, using a Floating structures, including ski ramps, must Pollution Hotline at 1-855-FISH-KIL, or the PFBC lake or access have a permit from the Commission to be placed Department of Environmental Protection area, must display a on any waters. current registration at 1-800-541-2050, or the appropriate PFBC Waterway markers, including signs and buoys, or launch permit. regional office. During after-hours, week- • Inflatable boats less must have a permit from the Commission to be ends, and holidays, call the Department of than 7 feet in length or which are not con- placed on any waters. Environmental Protection at (717) 787-4343. structed of durable fabric and do not have WASTE, OIL, AND TRASH at least two separate buoyancy chambers Marine Sanitation Devices are prohibited. DISPOSAL IN PENNSYLVANIA • Overnight mooring is permitted if the boat (MSD) AND FEDERAL WATERS has a current registration. Boats may be The Water Quality Act of 1987 requires It is illegal to discharge sewage or other human moored from March 1 through November 30 the installation of an MSD on all vessels with waste, oil, or trash into any state or federally con- at designated areas. Launch Use permits do installed toilet systems operating in the naviga- trolled waters. Sewage carries disease and other not allow these same privileges. tional waters of the United States. Marine toilets pollutants harmful to people, aquatic plants, and • The following acts are prohibited on the are a source of pollution if not designed correctly. PFBC property: animals. Trash thrown into the water can injure They must be of a sealed construction, so no • Camping, building, or maintaining fires. swimmers and wildlife alike. It can also plug waste can be discharged from the toilet directly • Picking, cutting or digging flowers, engine cooling water intakes. plants, shrubs, or trees. S ATER POLL TION POACHIN REPORT IT! PF C TOLL FREE HOTLINE FISH IL
58 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook RESOURCE PROTECTION
The Refuse Act prohibits throwing, discharging, or depositing any refuse matter of any kind STOP AQUATIC HITCHHIKERS BY (including trash, garbage, oil, and other liquid pollutants) into the waters of the United States. FOLLOWING THESE SIMPLE STEPS. Discharge of oil and other hazardous substances Check your equipment before leaving any body of • Regulations issued under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act require all vessels with propul- water. Inspect every inch of your boat, trailer, and fish- sion machinery to be able to retain oil mixtures on board. ing gear. Remove and leave behind plants, mud, and • Discharge of oil or hazardous substances is prohibited. The penalty for illegal discharge may be a aquatic life. fine of up to $10,000. • Dumping oil into the bilge of the vessel without means for proper disposal is also prohibited. Fuel Check your boat: spills can be removed using absorbent bilge pads. • Anchor and line • Oil waste must be disposed at an approved reception facility. On recreational vessels, a bucket or • Motor lower unit bailer is adequate for temporary storage prior to disposing of the oil waste at an approved facility. • Hull • Notify the Coast Guard immediately if your vessel discharges oil or a hazardous substance into the • Trailer hitch, rollers, lights, and axle water. Call toll-free (800) 424-8802. Report the discharge’s location, color, source, substances, size, • Life jackets and time observed. You must also call the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection • Swimming floats, water skis, wakeboards, and tubes. and report the discharge. Check your fishing gear: • If boating on federally controlled waters and your vessel is 26 feet or longer, you must display a 5- x • Shoes or boots 8-inch placard made of durable material, fixed in a conspicuous place in the machinery spaces or • Clothing at the bilge pump control station, stating the following: • Fishing vests • Fishing rod, reel, and line • Hooks and lures DISCHARGE OF OIL PROHIBITED • Tackle boxes The Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of oil or oily waste Remove: upon or into any navigable waters of the United States. The prohibition includes any • Visible plants discharge, which causes a film or discoloration of the surface of the water or causes a • Fish or other aquatic animals sludge or emulsion beneath the surface of the water. Violator’s are subject to substan- • Mud and dirt tial civil and/or criminal sanctions including fines and imprisonment. Do not transport any potential hitchhiker, even back to your home. Remove and leave them at the site you visited. Drain water from all equipment before leaving the area you are visiting. Some species may live for months in Aquatic Invasive Species water that has not been removed. Drain: • Motors Quagga Mussel • Jet drives STOP A ATIC HITCHHI ERS! • Live wells • Compartments • Boat hulls Aquatic Invasive Species • Bilge photo- Bill Tate, USGS (AIS) are plants and animals • Shoes, boots, and waders that have been introduced into • Bait buckets new ecosystems and have envi- • Life jackets ronmental, recreational, eco- • Swimming floats, water skis, wakeboards, and tubes. nomic, or health impacts. These Follow the cleaning instructions below after the water invaders may damage equip- has been removed.
ment and compete with native Before going to another body of water, clean anything species. Anglers and boaters that came in contact with the water. may unknowingly introduce AIS • Use hot (140° F) water to clean your equipment. into new waters. • Spray equipment with a high-pressure washer. If hot water is not available, a commercial hot water car wash also makes an ideal location to wash your boat, motor, and trailer. Or, dry everything before entering new waters. Allow equipment to dry to the touch, and then allow it to dry another 48 hours. Thick and dense material like life jackets Rusty Crayfish will hold moisture longer, take longer to dry, and be more photo- Bill Tate, USGS difficult to clean. Round Goby STOP AQUATIC HITCHHIKERS. Do not transport any plants, fish, or other aquatic life from one body of water to another. Do not release unused bait into the waters you are fish- ing. Dump unused bait in a trash can. For more information: www.fishandboat.com/ais-reporting.htm. photo-USGS NAS website photo-William Kirkpatrick, AEC, Inc.
Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook www.fishandboat.com 59 60 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook