“Não Nos Calaremos, Somos a Sua Consciência Pesada; a Rosa Branca Não Os Deixará Em Paz”

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“Não Nos Calaremos, Somos a Sua Consciência Pesada; a Rosa Branca Não Os Deixará Em Paz” UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MARIA VISCONTI SALES “Não nos calaremos, somos a sua consciência pesada; a Rosa Branca não os deixará em paz” A Rosa Branca e sua resistência ao nazismo (1942-1943) Belo Horizonte 2017 MARIA VISCONTI SALES “Não nos calaremos, somos a sua consciência pesada; a Rosa Branca não os deixará em paz” A Rosa Branca e sua resistência ao nazismo (1942-1943) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais como requisito parcial para a obtenção de título de Mestre em História. Área de concentração: História e Culturas Políticas. Orientadora: Prof.a Dr.a Heloísa Maria Murgel Starling Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Newton Bignotto de Souza (Departamento de Filosofia- UFMG) Belo Horizonte 2017 943.60522 V826n 2017 Visconti, Maria “Não nos calaremos, somos a sua consciência pesada; a Rosa Branca não os deixará em paz” [manuscrito] : a Rosa Branca e sua resistência ao nazismo (1942-1943) / Maria Visconti Sales. - 2017. 270 f. Orientadora: Heloísa Maria Murgel Starling. Coorientador: Newton Bignotto de Souza. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Inclui bibliografia 1.História – Teses. 2.Nazismo - Teses. 3.Totalitarismo – Teses. 4. Folhetos - Teses.5.Alemanha – História, 1933-1945 -Teses I. Starling, Heloísa Maria Murgel. II. Bignotto, Newton. III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. IV .Título. AGRADECIMENTOS Onde você investe o seu amor, você investe a sua vida1 Estar plenamente em conformidade com a faculdade do juízo, de acordo com Hannah Arendt, significa ter a capacidade (e responsabilidade) de escolher, todos os dias, o outro que quero e suporto viver junto. É preciso uma análise constante das companhias que escolhemos para nós – a nossa própria e a de outros seres humanos. Estamos fadados a viver conosco mesmos, mas também vivemos entre homens, pois o mundo é plural. E nesse mundo plural, sou extremamente feliz pelos outros que escolhi viver junto. Sem eles essa dissertação não seria possível e não poderia deixar de agradecê-los aqui. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço a minha mãe, por sempre ser o meu exemplo e o meu porto seguro, por me ajudar de todas as formas possíveis e por virar o mundo de cabeça para baixo para me ver bem. Mãe, espero ser tão boa como você quando crescer. Ao Tiago, que esteve comigo em todos os passos desse processo, desde o comecinho do mestrado, e que permaneceu como o meu ponto de apoio todo esse tempo. Obrigada por trazer paz para a minha cabeça e segurar a minha mão nesse caminho. Obrigada por ser meu companheiro, por sair comigo para tomar sorvete quando a minha ansiedade não me deixava fazer nada, por me ouvir reclamar sempre das mesmas coisas, por estar ao meu lado em todas as milhares de crises de enxaqueca, por apoiar todas as minhas escolhas e por me ajudar a tirar o caos da minha cabeça e colocar na mesa de trabalho. Obrigada por me fazer tão feliz. Você é a minha casa. Preciso agradecer muito aos meus orientadores, Heloísa e Newton, por serem tão solícitos e, principalmente, pacientes com toda a minha insegurança, meus medos e a minha ansiedade constante. Heloísa, especialmente, obrigada por ver um potencial em mim que nem eu mesma via, obrigada por sempre dizer que eu ia longe. Mais ainda, obrigada por me mostrar que minha insegurança era visível na minha escrita e que eu precisava parar de ter medo de mim mesma. Vocês dois tornaram possível muito mais do que uma dissertação, mas sobretudo o crescimento da minha confiança em mim mesma. Ao Vinicius Liebel, que surgiu na minha vida como apenas um professor em um minicurso que eu fui na cara e na coragem na USP assistir, e que, ao longo desses dois anos se tornou um grande amigo, ouvinte e co-orientador. Obrigada por me acalmar, me ajudar e me 1 MUMFORD & SONS. “Awake my soul”, 2009. mostrar que “levar o trabalho a sério não significa sofrer pelo trabalho”. Obrigada por ler meus textos, por criticar, por fornecer leituras e diálogos que me ajudam tanto a crescer. Você sempre renova minha esperança nessa escolha profissional, na ideia de que as coisas se encaixam e que as pessoas certas se encontram para se ajudar. Sem o seu apoio e sua presença no background, eu não teria chegado até o fim – e você sabe bem disso. Agradeço ao Luiz Arnaut pelas leituras atentas e referências fundamentais. Ao Bruno Vinicius, que literalmente segurou a minha mão no último ano e fez questão de me ajudar sempre que eu pedi. Você foi um grande presente de 2016, dar uma disciplina e um minicurso com você abriu os meus horizontes e espero contar sempre com a sua amizade e companheirismo acadêmico-profissional. Obrigada pelas leituras, pela atenção e pelo cuidado que você tem comigo. Aqui também entra o Fernando Garcia, com quem dei um minicurso sobre Holocausto, uma das poucas pessoas que sempre me motivou a estudar o que eu estudo. Obrigada pelas inúmeras referências, por todos os livros, conversas e troca de experiências. Você sempre me ajuda muito e só um agradecimento aqui não faz jus a isso. Para Maíra Nascimento, Stella Gontijo, Daniela Chain, Marcela Coelho, Gabriel Bueno, Isabela Dornelas, Lidia Generoso, Camila Figueiredo: amigos de toda hora, meu muito obrigada. Agradeço especialmente e profundamente a Ana Murta e ao Átila Freitas, por me darem força quando eu precisei, me ouvirem, me aconselharem e aguentarem meus choros. Obrigada pela sessão de correções dessa dissertação, por tornarem essa tarefa menos desgastante e mais feliz. Átila, eu honestamente não sei o que seria de mim sem as conversas de horas que temos que me mostram sempre que os problemas são mais leves quando temos com quem compartilhá-los. Obrigada por emendar todos os furos do meu barco sempre. Mateus Frizzone e Rodrigo Paulinelli, eu amo vocês. Obrigada por me deixarem ter certeza de que vocês estão sempre perto de mim e por acompanharem todos os meus dramas e inseguranças. Obrigada pelo apoio, carinho e cuidado de sempre. Às minhas amigas do Estúdio Bowie, Carol e Renata, obrigada pelos dias de pole-terapia, por torcerem pelo meu sucesso e por aliviarem o estresse do meu dia a dia. Para minha amiga de mais de dez anos, Natália Balbino, um agradecimento não seria suficiente para expressar tudo o que você representa para mim. Obrigada por voltar para minha vida e por estar ao meu lado me ouvindo sempre que preciso. É um privilégio ter sua companhia por tantos anos. Agradeço muito a Carol e Juliana Avelin por serem as melhores amigas que eu poderia ter, por terem me acolhido em Belo Horizonte e por terem ficado ao meu lado durante todos esses anos. Às amigas de papos de cabelo que viraram papos sobre a vida: Julia Lery, Raquel Prado, Natália Almeida e Camila Coelho, obrigada pelo apoio constante e diário. Obrigada por serem um grupo seguro para falar sobre tudo, por serem minhas terapeutas e minhas doses diárias de afeto e de companheirismo. Não imagino mais minha vida sem vocês. Raquel merece um agradecimento especial não só pelas traduções dos documentos dessa dissertação, mas por ser tão parecida comigo e por me ouvir sempre: você é a melhor! Não poderia deixar de agradecer aos alunos das disciplinas e dos minicursos que eu ofertei durante o meu mestrado, na UFMG e fora dela. Quando comecei a disciplina sobre Hannah Arendt em 2015, eu estava no auge da minha insegurança. Vocês me mostraram que o que eu digo tem relevância e que o que eu faço é importante. Vocês construíram boa parte da minha autoconfiança e me deram certeza que a vida acadêmica era o que eu queria, e que mais ainda, que era algo que eu tinha capacidade de fazer. Que ser professora era a minha vocação. E foi por vocês que eu consegui dar mais três minicursos e uma disciplina em conjunto. Obrigada aos alunos que me ouviram falar em todas essas aulas e que tiveram interesse no que eu tinha a oferecer. Obrigada aos meus alunos do minicurso na PUC, que me receberam tão bem e me fizeram sair com o coração quentinho. E principalmente, muito obrigada às alunas que se tornaram amigas, ou amigas que viraram alunas: Luiza Dias, Ana Ianeles e Karina Rezende. Obrigada ao meu professor de história do ensino médio, Jonas Ribeiro, que despertou em mim o interesse pelo passado e incentivou a minha escolha quando ninguém na escola incentivava. Cursar história mudou a minha vida, e ser professora mudou ainda mais. Obrigada por me mostrar que eu podia ser o que eu quisesse. Obrigada aos membros conselho editorial da Revista Temporalidades-UFMG de 2015, por embarcarem em uma jornada tão importante para a minha formação. Obrigada a FAPEMIG e a CAPES por me concederem bolsa durante o mestrado e fornecerem o auxílio financeiro necessário. Agradeço também aos amigos Natália Ribeiro, Allysson Lima, Luisa Saldanha, Bárbara Sica, Ana Clara Ferraz, Isadora Morais, Clycia Gracioso. Um agradecimento especial a minha psicóloga Gabriela Paschoalini, a quem eu procurei no comecinho do mestrado e que tem sido minha grande amiga todo esse tempo. Você é responsável por grande parte do me crescimento pessoal e intelectual e pelo meu amadurecimento. Obrigada por me mostrar que eu não posso controlar tudo e que sentir não é uma fraqueza. Você sempre vai ser muito importante para mim! A vida acadêmica pode ser muito tortuosa e solitária e eu fico imensamente feliz de poder estar entre todos vocês.
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