PLEASE NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REDACTED
706413 *. . , . GE lighting
/*«/•«/ fttnnr Vo IS/S f/U/f flnnff Heiafuli Cn»tiimt. OH u 112 June 21,1996
VIA FAX: (908} 906*182
Ms. Marissa Wiggett Emergency and Remedial Response Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II 2890 Woodbridge Avenue Edison, NJ 08837
Re: Response of General Electric Company to 104(e) Request for Information Re: 722 Grand Street Site, Hoboken, New Jersey
Dear Ms. Wiggett:
This letter is General Electric Company's (GE's) response to the second I04(e) request for information on the 722 Grand Street site, Hoboken, NJ, (the "Site"). GE has conducted an investigation of its records and current and former employees.
GE reserves the right to supplement its responses if additional information becomes available. In addition, GE sets forth the following general objections to the Information Request to preserve its rights.
1. GE objects to the Information Request to the extent that its instructions, definitions, and questions, both individually and collectively, are arbitrary and capricious, unduly burdensome, overbroad, vague, unreasonable, or an abuse of discretion. See, e.g.. U.S. v. Morton Salt Co.. 338 U.S. 632,652 (1950); Dow Chemical Co. v. Alien. 672 F2d 1262 (7th Cir. 1982).
2. GE objects to the Information Request to the extent it encompasses information that is not relevant to the Site.
3. GE objects to the requirements that the response be notarized and certified. This request exceeds the statutory authority of U.S. ERA.
• The following is GE's response to the specific requests for information:
706414 Ms. Marissa Wiggett -2- June 21 1996 I
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
1 . Provide the current names, addresses and telephone numbers for the following persons and Indicate the years they were employed by the General Electric Company:
RESPONSE
Name Full Nime & Address Phone No. Years at GE
a.
b.
c.
d. e. 1
'Deceased «• * Our pension recofds indicate multiple employees/former employees with this name. We have not determined who.if any, had a connection to the Hoooken Site. 706415 Ms. Marissa Wiggett • 3 - /une 21,1996
9- h.
I.
»
k.
2. Describe uVn» @r;$n of She Gsf**^/ ^"'cr ?c *-£ppf RESPONSE We have not been able to identify the origin of the Genera) Electric Vapor Lamp Company seal. Attachment 1 contains a response from the New Jersey Department of State, Division of Commercial Recording which indicates that the Cooper Hewitt Electric Company (which was renamed the GE Vapor Lamp Company in 1930) was incorporated in New Jersey in 1910. 3. With regard to your March 8, 1996, response to EPA's Information Request, specifically identify each former employee referenced in your response to the following: a. request *4; RESPONSE 3 See footnote num&er 2. 4 Deceased -.. 7064.16 15 JUN 21 'S6 17:IB FR CENTRflL EHS 216 TO 81212637309S Ms. Marissa Wiggett -4- June2l, 1996 6. request *5; RESPONSE c. /eguesf #5,9. r 0,11,12 and 14; RESPONSE d. request *13. RESPONSE 4. State whether any Glow lamps manufactured in the 722 Grand Street building from 1910 to 1955 contained mercury, tt your answer is anything but an unqualified "no": RESPONSE During an interview with he stated that a small quantity of glow lamps were manufactured that used about 2 milligrams of mercury in each lamp. We have not confirmed this but, most glow lamps were made with neon and did not contain mercury. a. describe the amount, of mercury they contained using the most precise unit of measurement possible; RESPONSE Although the actual amount of mercury contained in a glow lamp is unknown, Patent #2,199,956 (Attachment 2) for a mercury vapor glow lamp indicates "a few cubic millimeters" of mercury was introduced into the bulb to give the bulb from "one to three cubic millimeters of mercury after sealing off." b. state the number of 'Glow Lamps containing mercury which were manufactured In the 722 Grand Street building per week, the number manufactured per month, and the number manufactured per year; 70641 _ _——-——————— -_ . c.oo ooojT<^ u i c. i c.o j r o«y ooFTc JUN *l'bb l<-:ifc i-K UtrsiKHL. ens «• D 1 o coo ' Ms. Marisea Wiggett - 5 • June 21,1996 RESPONSE Based on a search of our records, GE could not determine the manufactured quantity of glow lamps containing mercury. Attachment 3 is copies of documents from 1947 that appear to specify lamp quantities for certain months of that year. Due to the cryptic nature of the headings we are not certain as to what the handwritten figures or lamp type headings exactly represent. c. list the years in which the Glow Lamps containing mercury were manufactured In the 722 Grand Street building. RESPONSE; Based on a search of our records, no information is available to determine the exact years in which glow lamps containing mercury were manufactured in the 722 Grand Street building, if ever. However, ; stated that a small quantity of argon glow lamps, which contained approximately 2 mg of mercury, were manufactured on the 5th floor of the 722 Grand Street Building. We have not been able to confirm this. 5. State whether any Cooper-Hewitt type lamps manufactured In the 722 Grand Street building from 1910 to 1955 contained mercury. If your answer is anything but an unqualified "no": RESPONSE All Cooper-Hewitt type lamps contained mercury. However, to the best of our knowledge, no Cooper-Hewitt type lamps were manufactured ai 722 Grand Street from 1928-1948. a. describe the amount of mercury they contained using the most precise unit of measurement possible; RESPONSE Although the actual quantity of mercury contained in Cooper-Hewitt type lamps is unknown, patent #1,658,622 (Attachment 4) for a shipping case for this type of lamp, indicated that each lamp contained about a half a pound of mercury. We understand that Cooper-Hewitt type lamps were made in different sizes (lengths) and contained different amounts of mercury. b. state the number of Cooper-Hewitt type lamps containing mercury which were manufactured In the 722 Grand Street building per week, the number manufactured per month, and the number manufactured per year; 706418 ivis. Marissa Wiggett -6- June21,1996 RESPONSE Based on a search of our records, GE could not determine the manufactured quantities of Cooper-Hewrtt type lamps. Attachment 3 is copies of documents from 1947 that appear to specify lamp quantities for certain months of that year. Due to the cryptic nature of the headings we are not certain as to what the handwritten figures or lamp type headings exactly represent. We believe that no Cooper-Hewitt type lamps were manufactured in that building that year. c. list the years in which the Cooper-Hewitt type lamps containing mercury were manufactured in the 722 Grand Street building. RESPONSE Based on interviews with and we presently believe that Cooper-Hewitt type lamps were manufactured at 722 Grand Street from 1910 to 1928. In addition, Cooper-Hewitt 2 manufactured Cooper-Hewitt type lamps at 722 Grand Street from 1948 to possibly as late as 1964. 6. Identify the vendor(s) from which Cooper-Hewitt 1, General Electric Vapor Lamp, General Electric and Cooper-Hewitt 2 purchased mercury for their Hoboken operations. State the amount purchased per week, per month and per year from the vendor(s). Provide the name and address of the vendor(s). RESPONSE Based on a search of our records, no information is available regarding any specific vendors from whom the Hoboken operations may have purchased mercury. recalled that mercury may have been purchased from a company called Metal Salts in New York. 7. Describe any policy which Cooper-Hewitt 1, GE Vapor Lamp Company, GE, or Cooper Hewitt 2 had regarding how to handle spills of mercury at 722 Grand Street or 410 Eighth Street Provide a copy of any written policy. RESPONSE Based on a search of our records, no information is available that describes a policy regarding how to handle mercury spills. Our interviews with did indicate that due to the high cost of mercury, special care was taken in its handling. For example, a large stainless steel catch basin pan was placed to catch any possible spills when mercury was transferred from one container to another. In the event of a spill, employees would use hand brushes to collect the mercury. Presumably, mercury collected from any spills would be returned to the purification system on the first floor. * 706419 >.9? 1T.I7 FR CENTRRL EHS 216 266 6663 TO 812126373096 P.0B/15 Ms. MariSoo VViggett • 7 - June 21,1996 Administrative depositions were taken by the EPA of and both of whom worked with mercury at the 410 Adams Street building in the 1940's. Neither deponent remembered being given a written policy regarding the handling of spilled mercury. Both stated that if any mercury was dropped in their work areas, it was swept up or collected and reused. recalled that the table where she worked with the mercury had "walls" around it that would retain any mercury that may have spilled and could then be easily collected. See copies of relevant pages as Attachment 5. 8. Describe in detail (amount stored per week/month/year; type of storage container used, whether storage container was covered, where storage containers were placed, etc...) the storage of mercury in the 722 Grand Street building: a. from 1910 to 1928; b. from 1928 to 1939; c. from 1939 to 1948; d. from 1948 to 1955. e. from 1955 to 1993. RESPONSE Based on a review of our records, no information is available regarding the storage of mercury at the 722 Grand Street building. However, did indicate that mercury was purchased in 98 Ib steel flasks which were covered. 9. Describe any patent litigation involving Cooper-Hewitt 1, (/»e General Electric Vapor Lamp Company, the General Electric Company, or Cooper-Hewitt 2. Describe how the litigation was finally resolved. Provide citations to all court decisions finally deciding the litigation. If the opinion which finally decided the litigation is not published, provide a copy of the opinion. Provide copies of all settlement agreements finally settling the litigation. RESPONSE Based on a review of GE's corporate records, we have no available information regarding patent litigation involving Cooper-Hewitt 1, the General Electric Vapor Lamp Company, the General Electric Company or Cooper-Hewitt 2. However, a published business history, The Century of Light, states "Cooper-Hewitt applied for a patent. So did Weintraub and Steinmetz. The U.S. Patent Office could not establish a clear case of priority, and at length, in 1913, the two frustrated companies agreed to exchange patent licenses so that each had no hindrance to manufacturing mercury-arc lamps .and rectifiers." (Attachment 6) * 706420 216 •Ms. Marissa Wiggett - 6 - June 21,1996 10. Describe any union presence during the operations of Cooper-Hewitt 1, the General Electric Vapor Lamp Company, the General electric Company, and Cooper-Hewitt 2, at 722 Grand Street or 410 Eighth Street Provide: a. the name and current address of the union; b. the names and current addresses of all union officials involved with the formation and operation of the union at 722 Grand Street or 410 Eighth Street RESPONSE Based on a search of our records, the only information we can confirm is that an independent union was at the Hoboken facility starting May 31, 1946. (attachment 7) Former employees, and < stated in their administrative depositions that a union was formed in the 1940's, but neither could remember the name of the union, nor the names of any organizers. Dennis O. Correia Technical Manager - Environmental cc: Catherine Garypie Assistant Regional Counsel U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 290 Broadway - 17th Floor New York, NY 10007-1866 706421 INDEX OF ATTACHMENTS 1.) Corporate Status Report for the General Electric Vapor Lamp Company dated 6/4/96 from the New Jersey Department of State, Division of Commercial Recording 2. U.S. Patent Number 2,199,956 for a Mercury Vapor Glow Lamp 3.) Handwritten Lamp Production Records from 1947 4.) U.S. Patent Number 1,658,622 for a Shipping Case 5.) Pages 16-18 of the 4/18/96 deposition of Pages 29 and 32 of the 4/16/96 depsosition of 6.) Page 67 of A Century of Light: James A. Cox. 7.) Record of Collective Bargaining Units - Lamp Department in Chronological Order for the time period prior to May 25,1950. 706422 EMH NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL RECORDING CN 451 TRENTON. NEW JERSEY 6B625 CORPORATE NAME :____GEMESgyS.BC^^ CORPORATE TYPE: __ PI _____ ^ STATUS : ^I§SOLVn)___ STATUS DATE :I2rISr39. •INCORPORATION DATE:_}lr}2r}^}0 STATE:.*1^?J ______FOLDER NO.H.UQ2252 —— __ CORPORATION NO . f?!?!??!?!??.. . LAST ANNUAL REPORT F 1 LED : __ 3-1A-JS29.. ______ REGISTERED AGENT :_.._. 410 EIGHTH STREET REGISTERED OFFICE: HOBOKEN, N.J. COMMENTS:. DISSOLVED ON 12-19-1939 '• ATTACHMENT //I 706423 JUN iz -SB 13:58 PfiGE.003 <«.. C JJJ • Department of35tate. I, tao toerotary of Stato of tb« Stato of Mow Jaraoy, DO OOrtinr that the reeorda of thia offie* •bow that tbo Charter of COOriX nWJTt ELECTRIC OOKTJUnr MM fllod in thl« offie* on th« 10th toy of DoeMbor A.D. 1910 «ad th« following chococo of: XBCCMM of C«pit*l Btoek. CU«d Juaa 3, 1919. O^tificAto of AMnoMat, filod Jaauary t, 192S. DOCTMM of C»pit»l Stock, filod J»nu»ry •, 192S. Bocro«oo of c»pit*l Stock, filod July 17, 192S. Docroam of C»pit»l ttoek, filod Pino^nr 2. 1927. Certificate of JMoadooat. filod J«au»ry 2. 1930 chut?In? it* corpormto >••• to: CTBKMJ, BLtCtKXC VMOR UMP COMMIX. OoerOMO of C«pit*l Stock, filod Doco^or 10, 1932. I llli'liH CUtZ Iff, that th« *bovo aro all tho oa oa filo in this effieo to d*to of thi* eortificato. corporation waa dioaolvod by action of it* •tockboldori oa 19, 1939. M nsTXMon manor, z horouato eet ay Band and affind my Official Seal at thia ISth day of 199«. or root 706424 «* TOTAL May 7, 1940. J. W. HARDEN ET AL 2,199,956 MERCURT VAPOR GLOW LAM? Filed March 21, 1930 INVENTOR* J.W. HARDEN M.&. NIH9.SON Jr. 706425 ATTACHMENT #2 Patented May 7, 1940 2,199,956 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,199,956 MERCURY VAPOR GLOW LAMP John W. Marden. Cast Orange, and Madison G. N'icholson, Jr.. South Orange. N. J.. assignors. by mesne assignments, to \Vestinphouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh. Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application March 21. 1930. Serial No. 437.659 5 Claims. (CI. 176—132) This invention relr.tcs to a lamp lor the pro- expensive equipment for regulation, arcing, duction of ultra violet radiations and more par- blackening and what is termed sputtering, made ticularly to a. caseous conduction lamp of the such lamps as heretofore constructed, imprac- negative glow type ^hich yields z spectrum rela- tical. .-, lively rich in ultra violet light. It has been discovered that n gaseous conduc- * Ultra violet light has long been recognized as lion lamp which avoids the above disadvantages beneficial in therapy but heretcfore the greater may be produced by employing one or more in- number of available sources of artificial ultra vio- directly heated cathodes preferably two cathodes let light have been arc devices, such as carbon. for operating on A. C. circuits each of which Is 10 iron, mercury vapor or tungsten arcs all of which comprised of a coiled filament surrounded by lo require comparatively high operating current a metallic sleeve having thereon a coating of which are difficult to control, usually requiring thermionically active material. expensive auxiliary equipment and the general The filaments of the cathode assemblies are application of such devices has been somewhat connected in series and in predetermined space '•"• restricted, particularly with respect to use In liv- relation within an actuated envelope containing *5 ing rooms where a mild source of ultra violet mercury vapor. The heater elements of the radiation Is desirable. cathodes may be so proportioned as to give a de- One of the primary purposes of tne invention sired voltage drop. is to provide rooms, such as living rooms of dwell- The above described cathode which may be •20 in?s with a sufficient amount of ultra violet light termed a cathode assembly is somewhat similar 20 to give as near as possible the equal of natural to that employed in radio tubes of the indirectly sunlight conditions and to so construct the ultra heated cathode type and as above mentioned it violet producing device that it may be readily In- has been found that a cathode assembly of this serted into the ordinary lighting socket as for character makes it possible to produce a gaseous ;.-. example, on lines of 110 to 220 volts and further discharge device yielding ultra violet light. 25 to combine a source of ultra violet radiations The new use to which the cathode assembly is with a source of artificial illumination so as to put. however, makes it essential to change the provide a unit which serves the dual function of construction and operation thereof to meet the providing illumination and ultra violet light and conditions attending a glow discharge lamp. For SO in utilizing the light source as an operative part example, whereas in the cathode assembly as 80 of the source of ultra violet light. used in an audion it is essential to provide a One of the objects of the present invention cathode surface which is electrically distinct from therefore is to provide a source of ultra violet the heater element, the present invention requires light suitable for household or layman applica- a construction wherein the heater element is 3ft tlon which may be operated from 110 or 220 volt electrically connected with the cathode surface. ** alternating light source without auxiliary equip- With this arrangement of the component parts ment and which requires no more attention than of the cathode assembly a device is produced .is necessary in connection with the ordinary in- which is self-regulating. For example when a candescent filament lamp. glow lamp constructed in accordance with the 40 Another object cf the invention it to provide present Invention is in operation the lower the 40 a lamp which will give a mild form of ultra vio- voltage drop between the terminals the lower the let radiation in an economical manner from an current flow In the heater elements or filaments operating standpoint and which is of simple con- so that when the emission of the cathode surface struction and of relatively low cost. is high the glow is large and the filament heat- «S Other objects and advantages of the invention ing current Is small. ** will manifest themselves from the following de- If the temperature of the cathode drops, elec- scription. tron emission also drops and the glow current In accordance with the present Invention a becomes less, raising the voltage across the ter- lamp is produced to give j. mercury glow with a minals so that the heating current Is increased M consequent emanation of ultra violet light at rela- and the temperature of the cathode raised to a 5<> tively lew current. point where the electron emission causes a re- Attempts have heretofore been made to pro- duction in the amount of current passing through duce gaseous conduction lamps for operation on the filament and thus limits the temperature of commercial line voltages but the disadvantages the cathode. •* presented such as overheating in the absence of In addition to the self regulating feature at- M 706426 tending the use of a cathode assembly of the for both. Considering lamp 10 the same may above character it has been found that the same comprise a bulb 24. The bulb 24 may be of any aids in producing a glow discharge In the absence suitable glass transparent to ultra violet light. of sputtering since by reason of the indirect good results having been obtained u-hen using 8 heating of the cathode there is no variation in what Is known ns a Corex D bulb having a neck 6 potential along its length and a so called uni- aperture with an inside diameter of about 39 potential surface is provided and a uniformity millimeters to admit the mount. A .•noun: 25 in the degree of discharge prevails. may be sealed in the bulb after which a few cubic A glow lamp constructed in accordance with millimeters of mercury 26 may be poured ir.io the 10 the present invention may be operated at line bulb through the exhaust tube 21. Satisfactory 10 voltage when placed in series with a suitable results have been obtained by adding mercury resistance. Inasmuch as the present device pro- sufficient to give the bulb from one to three cubic vides a mild form of ultra violet light and is of millimeters of mercury after scaling off. Before advantage for use in living rooms where it is de- sealing off. however, the bulb, while on the vac- 18 sired to provide ultra violet radiations to ap- uum pump may be baked for five minutes at 400 u proach the beneficial results attained by sun- C. The coating material on the cathodes is de- light, it is desirable to operate the present lamp composed for three minutes with a standard 150 in series with an incandescent electric lamp which watt lamp in series with the glow lamp on a 115 will serve for illuminating purposes. volt A, C. line and then seasoned for two minutes *° prom the above it will be evident that the de- while in series with a 200 watt lamp. *0 vice is self regulating to keep the voltage drop The bulb is then sealed or tipped off at 28 across the glow tube relatively constant and to in the usual manner. A screw base 29 may then regulate the temperature of the cathode. By rea- be secured to the bulb by cement 31 making the son of the self regulating feature it is possible to lamp ready to be inserted into a socket 32 of the *° use a lamp constructed in accordance with the unit 19. *» present invention under a variety of conditions. In the glow lamp shown which is operable on For example, two glow lamps may be used in alternating current the internal structure or series with a 75. 100 or 150 watt lamp as will be mount 25 consists of the usual stem tube 33 hav- hereinafter more fully described. ing lead wires 34 and 35 embedded in a press *0 A combination of the three lamps above men- portion 38. 30 tioned makes it unnecessary to use auxiliary The lower end of lead wire 34 is connected to a equipment such as transformers and the three bottom contact 31 of the base 29, this contact lamps may be connected in the ordinary lighting being Insulated from the metallic shell of the circuit by means of a triple socket arranged to base. The lower end of the lead wire 35 is con- u connect the lamps in series. Where the lamps nected at 38 with the metallic shell of the base « are to operate on 110 volts the glow lamps may so that when the base is disposed in a socket a be operable at 15 to 20 volts and the incandescent conductor 39 may connect with the conductor 23 lamp at 80 volts although an ordinary 100.150 or and a conductor 41 may connect with a side con- 200 watt 110 volt lamp may be used. tact 42 of the lamp 12. The side contact 45 of 40 When using a triple lamp combination as above the glow lamp 11 may be connected by means of 40 set forth it has been found that about 80 volts a conductor 41 with the bottom contact 43 of are used for illumination and 40 volts in the glow the lamp 12. The bottom contact 46 of the plow lamps. lamp is connected by conductor 41 with conductor Although a great variety of combinations and 22 through a bottom contact 48 on the screw plug 48 arrangements may be employed the Invention is 21. It will be evident that the several lamps will 45 shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing as employing a be connected in series and receive electrical en- three way socket for connecting two glow lamps ergy from the source 13. and one incandescent lamp in series. Referring now to the internal structure of the Fig. 2 shows a vertical sectional view of one glow lamps as for example lamp 10, it will be *0 of the cathode assemblies of a glow lamp. noted that the same contains two cathode assem- 00 Fig. 3 is an enlarged view taken on line m— biles SI and 82 supported between ends of lead HI in Fig. 2. wires 34 and 35 and a cross piece S3 secured to Fig. 4 is an enlarged view taken on line IV—TV an arbor 84 extending upwardly from the press in Fig. 2, and M. M Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view of a bulb having Each cathode assembly as more clearly shown M one cathode assembly and an anode. in Figs. 2 to 4 includes a coiled filament 86. When Although the present invention is applicable to constructed to provide a lamp having a drop of a variety of combinations with one or more glow about 15 volts the filament 88 consists of a non- lamps it is shown as embodying two glow lamps sag tungsten space wound coil, wound on a 21 mil *0 10 and II and an incandescent electric lamp 12 mandrel with about 125 turns per inch. The wire 60 all of which are connected in series with a source may be of a weight of from 21 to 22% milligrams. of potential indicated at 13. Each filament may consist of a 15 mm. coil length The incandescent lamp may be of the usual Including about 75 turns of wire wound as above type comprising a bulb 14 of a glass transparent described. w to ultra violet light if desirable and having a The lead wires 34 and 38 may be 25 mil nickel 68 mount IS to support a filament 18 constructed wire. Surrounding the filament is tubular me- and proportioned for 80 volts. The lamp may tallic sleeve 86 having thereon a coating 51 of have the customary screw base II for entrance electron emission material which may be any into a socket 18 of a three way socket unit 19. suitable material. For example the surface of 70 Indicated in dotted lines. The unit 19 may be the sleeve may be coated with a quick drying 70 provided with the usual screw plug 21 connected binder such as nitrocellulose in amyl acetate, with with conductors V and 23 from the power source the carbonates of the alkali earth metals. The 13. carbonates are stable in atmosphere and may be The glow lamps 10 and II are of «iipn«.r con- stored for indefinite periods without detrimental "Tfr struetlon and'a description of one will answer effects. After the cathode assembly 9,ioe,p&e jr completed and mounted within the evacuated en- sion to permit a glow of electronic and ionic •-y velope or bulb, the carbonate coating is convened current. to the oxides of the alkaline earth metals by The cathode surfaces 57 are electrically con- heating the cathode to a sufficiently high temper- nected to the lower filament or heater element • ature as above described. The filament 59 as lead-wires 34 and 35 so that the flow of glow t :9 shown, is supported with its longitudinal axis current does not pass through the heater ele- 5 coincident with the longitudinal axis of the sleeve ments. c 56 by securing opposite ends or terminals of the As above mentioned when the heater elements .e filament to guide rods 57' and SI disposed in raise the temperature of the cathode surfaces to 10 10 apertures 59 and 69 in spacer members or end an electron emitting temperature, the glow dls- 10 plugs 61 and 62 respectively. Cross pieces 59' charge starts and the voltage drop across the secured to the guide rods 58 hold the lower plugs heater element leads thereby decreases and less in position. The plugs 61 and 62 close the ends current flows through the heater elements, thus of the cathode: assembly and provide a chamber lowering the temperature of the heater elements • IB 63 for confining the heat radiated from the fila- to such a point as to maintain the cathode sur- 10 ment 55 to more effectively produce thermal faces at a temperature at which electron emis- electron emission from the coating 57 during an sion is sufficient, but not in excess. For example. operation of the device. if the line voltage increases thereby increasing The sleeve 55 of each cathode assembly is the current, the cathode being still at the previous •0 electrically connected with a lead wire as for temperature has not the necessary emission to M example lead 35 (Fig. 2) by a conductor 60* carry the added current thus the added current having one end welded or otherwise secured to flows through the heater elements and raises the the sleeve and the opposite end secured to the temperature of the cathode surfaces until emis- said lead wire. sion is sufficient to produce a uniform operating M Although the above described form of cathode equilibrium. S3 assembly wherein end plugs are employed in the The present invention therefore provides a self absence of an insulating wall is preferable, it is regulating glow discharge tube and when a bal- evident that if desired a cathode assembly may ance is established the temperature of the cath- be employed wherein the filament is enclosed in odes remains quite constant and maintain a con- 30 M an Insulating material having an outer sleeve tinuous glow without being effected by fluctuation 30 exteriorly coated with an electron emission mate- of line voltages, small changes in the ballast lamp, rial. It is obvious that the cathode assembly may etc. By reason of the self regulating action of vary as to its dimensions but gcod results have the present device it is possible to operate within been obtained by the use of a filament of the relatively wide limits without overheating and U above given proportions when used with a nickel spoiling the cathodes. M sleeve of about H£ tc 2 mil thickness, 120 mil When the lamp is in operation the glow fills the outside diameter and about 14V4 mm. In length entire bulb in the absence of a concentrated arc having the electron emission material covering between small points as is the case In certain the entire exterior surface of the sleeve. The other types of lamps employed for the production 40 40 cathodes may be spaced with a distance of about of ultra-violet light. Furthermore the present 40 37 run. between their opposite outer surfaces. It glow lamp operates to the extent of its capacity has been found however, that this spacing of the a few seconds after the current is turned on cathode assemblies is not very critical and con- whereas lamps as heretofore constructed usually siderable latitude msy be allowed as to spacing. take about five minutes before the ultraviolet 45 41 In operation the current may be caused to light becomes constant. 41 flow and pass through the filaments or heater -. The present invention provides a device of sim- elements 55 which elements are surrounded by ple construction and of relatively low cost for the sleeve SC having the exterior coating of providing a source of ultra violet radiations and therznionically active material 57. The beat the possibility of detrimental effects from use as M radiated from the heater elements elevates the for example burning or over dosing is extremely M temperature of the material 57 to a point where small particularly If the lamp is used without a focusing reflector. electron emission occurs. The lamp 12 simply 1 serves as a ballast to regulate the amount of Owing to the novel construction employed, glow current taken from the lighting circuit or source lamps made in accordance with the present in- M M IS. vention have a relatively long life and have been u i A plow lamp may be provided for use on D. C. burned 600 hours without failing. i- lines by providing a structure as shown In Fig. 5 Although specific dimensions have been given in which a cathode assembly 65 is disposed in herein as an example of a selected embodiment proper space relation to a plate or anode 66. The of the invention it is obvious that the device 60 may be made in various sizes. For example a 10 60 •° structure of the cathode assembly is obviously watt or a 40 watt glow lamp may be made, more- the same as shown in Fig. 1 and may be supported over, a considerable variation in the amount of at one end of a cross piece 67. the opposite end of ultra violet radiations may be obtained by la- the cross piece being secured to the plate 66. The creasing or decreasing the sire of the ballast M leads and other electrical connections being the lamp or it may be desirable to change the dlmen- 66 same since the plate 66 is in the same position as sions of the cathode assembly. one of the filaments when two cathode assemblies The lamp above described has an initial drop are employed. of about 30 volts across the leads. After a few When electron emission starts the mercury seconds burning the voltage drops and becomes 70 vapor is ionized Ftrinp a clow and producing ultra constant at about 20 volts. When using a three 70 violet l!gl)t. Current flows between the cathodes way combination of two glow lamps and one in- which are alternately negative and positive with candescent electric ballast lamp of 150 watt, 75 respfct to* each other. volt filament the lamp takes up a little more than It will be understood that the cathodes act as one ampere of current at starting and about 1% 7* the electrodes and as a source of electron emis- amperes when the glow starts. 75 706428 The following is given u an example of the 3. In a gaseous discharge system, a discharge amount of ultra-violet intensity with different tube having an envelope containing an ionizable ballast lamps. • gas and provided with two spaced apart resist- ance heaters within said envelope connected in 1 Amount ot atom series and adapted for a voltage higher than the Billait temp I Tlolrt ll*hl la M- ionization potential of said gas, a pair of ther- I bitrary unlu or mionically active electrodes each of which com- I prises a tubular member surrounding one of said JJUIitmptru heaters and adapted to be heated by the latter .x 100w»tt flUtn«ntTiroltl«mp. .(Ml and closed at both ends by insulating means, the *w ISO tr»tt fllunent ;}Toltlunp. .»» JOO »«l &UawDt 75 Toll lamp. .480 main discharge path being connected in shunt to the heaters, and an Impedance in the connection As a modification of the present combination of the main discharge path to the supply line of incandescent electric lamp and glow lamp a whereby upon starting of the main discharge the It composite lamp may be made comprising a bulb heating effect of the heaters on the main elec- having two compartments, one of which may be trode Is materially reduced. exhausted and without mercury vapor and con- 4. A gaseous discharge device comprising an tain the ballast filament, while the other may enclosing envelope having an ionizable medium have the cathodes in an environment of mercury therein, a plurality of spaced apart electrodes •0 vapor. within said envelope, a heater for each of said 29 Although a preferred embodiment of the In- electrodes, said electrodes comprising a tubular vention is set forth and described herein It is to member surrounding said heater and adapted to be understood that modifications may be made be heated by the latter and closed at both ends therein without departing from the spirit and by insulating means, an electrical connection be- ™ scope of the invention as set forth In the ap- tween each heater and its respective electrode, 29 pended claims. each of said heaters having a lead-in conductor What is claimed Is: connected to one end thereof and extending 1. In an electric discharge lamp, an envelope through the insulating means at one of the ends containing an Ionizable gas, two spaced apart re- of said electrode and through the wall of the en- JO sistance heater elements within said envelope, a velope. the other ends of the heaters being elec- 3Q pair of thermionicaUy active electrodes each of trically connected within the envelope through which comprises a tubular member surrounding the insulating means at the other ends of said one of said heater elements and adapted to be electrodes, and an impedance in series with said heated by the latter and closed at both end* by electrodes whereby the electrical energy supplied ™ insulating means, a lead-in wire for each elec- to the heaters is reduced when a discharge occurs 35' trode, one of the ends of each of said beater ele- between said electrodes. ments being connected to their respective elec- 5. A gaseous discharge device comprising an trodes through the insulating means at one of enclosing envelope having an ionizable medium the ends of said electrodes, and means for con- therein, a plurality of spaced apart electrodes it necting the other ends of the heater elements within said envelope, a common support for said 40 throunh the insulating means at the other ends electrodes, a heater for each electrode, said elec- of said electrodes. trodes comprising a tubular member surrounding • 2. In a discharge system, the combination of a each heater and adapted to be heated by the lat- gaseous discharge tube having an envelope eon- ter and closed at both ends by insulating means. 41 tainsng an ionizable gas and provided with a pair an electrical connection between each heater and 40 of resistance heaters therein, a pair of thermioni- Its respective electrode, each of said heaters hav- caUy active electrodes each of which comprises ing lead-in conductors connected to one end a tubular member surrounding one of said thereof and extending through the insulating heaters adapted to be heated by the latter and means at one of the ends of said electrode and M closed at both ends by insulating means, a main through the wall of the envelope, the other ends discharge circuit, a heater circuit, the current re- of the heaters being electrically connected within quired by the resistance heaters being small rela- the envelope and through the insulating means tive to the current required for the main dis- at the other ends of said electrodes, and an Im- charge between said electrodes, and an imped- pedance in series with said electrodes whereby H ance common to both said circuits and In series the electrical energy supplied to the heaters Is therewith In their connection to an electrical reduced when a discharge occurs between said •upply source whereby the energy supplied to the electrodes. heater circuit is reduced when the main die- JOHN W. WARDEN. charge is established. MADISON Q. NICHOLSON. Ja. PI 706429 •£&***< C// INHHHDVU.V =F? —L. I '•&- r. D I*;- .v/u- 'S3! :r* $-•••- T* :-'\***: ^:.;/ . ' ^S5 t tl/L' •r'^'.v / I- . ;.. tr T? t: ^ u l/iu ILi -0) |l -nxmrK -f^rt , A 70643 UMP QUANTITY in Thousands) Inventory V.'CUKS i ) C/25 7/25 5-Yngstnl \\(s~l £ (Ir, Thousands) 194 _:., A Inventory Inc. H Production Inc. ' Tel In^'entory I I.;c, * th to End ,or,Lo. ,' : * o/25 7/25 I <£± B-Z.Bos. 7 12-Kela ...c :' i ^ TREE 2-Euclid •vO -c *; -^ ' O-E.Eos. llv i ncv ; TOTAL.. /.c SEALED 3ZAM 10-Trum. v-r' in ; Vfc TOTAL. vi GLOW 12-Kela 19-Hobok. \ V IWI TOTAL. \v-3oi 706434 r ' > 'A-- (In Thcva [ Inventory Inc. . ! WORKS 7/25 Vs OU^ kl-Suu*! LI U'73V ! Vc -f V 706435 'Tn Tr.ousarxls) Producton ret Ia"entor£ Inve nt ory 26th to 2nd of 15o CL^ 12-Eela 19-Robok. .,,.- .. ----*.:- TlioaBands) ..^:-^ -•••:• . inventory - [ •..;.-*.^"_ 26th to,End 1 WORKS • i .-. . 1/25 \'/» . ID-True. , 19-Hobok. 6-Cleve. 12-Nela 17-Jacksn 16-Busyr.l "Wl 19-Hobok. 15-Z.Clev ' iq-l-'.cbok. TOTAL., 706438 co ^r CO o QUAKTITIIS Year 194 _/_._ (In/Thousands) 1'et Inventory ' Inc Inventory 18-Bucyr. 19-Hobok. 15-E,Clevj 19-Robok. 706440 £:£'£•'-* ; 'i.5? • --:1- -r-/i*v -V^ti^U-.-"' iij^u • S^jCTf^^1''"""-" '"'Wi~--' ;" v?'-.:'?K ^V^'.-^V'*' c-'^iJr'^ SiKrflse:gspTJpv; >; ;• T>;-r^riLS^^^-^^sawfrakS. • . ~ • i- iij-.ir^t.rv^i-¥«£*•. "•'-4Sy«PI>L' QUAim nis Ye_r 194 l__ Inc. ret In'-er.-.or- ' Ir.c. ; 26th to End of tto, AH-I MINIATURE 2-2uciid M B-S.Bos. i - 11-Seabd. 12-l!ela n TOTAL.. XliAS TRSE Z-Euclid >3 Si 8-E.Bos. ^- £Z 9-L'emphB i TOTAL.. SEALED 3£AJl «[t'-'s"r '"^ •>-.• ^ ..'.—"VaL *"'f»T»'iX>'S' -^ • * FLUOR3SCSKT 6-Gleve . -Ik 11 12-Mela \VI .0)-. i. 17-Jacksn! VfcO 16-BMcyr. 19-Hobok, 22-llE.ttoc-n. ti if TOTAL. - PHOTO 1-Ohio 1 i 2-Suclid IS 14-Beilev 15-3.Clev •v !19-Hobok. | TOTAL. 706442 I-/ -i- 0 (I r-Mr 1 o r cr ri00 vS M1l A.-I > ) M r- J) IO a~ M i W C\J 18-5ucyr. 19-Hot ok. C C '06444 Feb. 7, 1928. 1,658,622 W. J. WINNINGHOFF SHIPPING CASE Filed April 27. 1925 2 Sh»«ts-Sheet 1 «^£*tf*f^7 HIS ATTORNEY ATTACHMENT #4 70644^ Feb. 7, 1928. 1,658,622 W. J. WINNINGHQFF SHIPPING CASE Filed April 27. 1925 2 Shtets-ShMt 2 INVENTOR r.flfe»«^y ATTORNEY 70644" Patented Feb. 7, 1928,f : UNITED -STATES. J. WUIITINOHO**. "OiF EAST .OBANOE-, /NEW JERSEY, 'ASSIGNOB, TO COOFEB. HEW1TT ELECTB1C COMPANY, OF HOBOBXH, NEW-JE&SBY, A CORPORATION O* KEW TEBSET. - • " •- .-..- ' . • » • :.--. • • • "••.•• CASH.. .-..'„.;.:".:/;.,.,, ..1% .;'.: ^ '"J.- " ' . ' Application ftlta! April '87,IMS. 'Berial rjro.-te',04«. " :'." ' J '''.'•',• '•-. liy present invention relates to bores of ping member to the lamp in their relative card board, preferably corrugated board,-or position when assembled.for shipping. othtr suitable material.' for nse irithe trans^- In' thte drawings the longitudinal bos 1 .;.' * portation of glass apparatus particularly carries' at its uppjer '.edges suitable closure 5 mercury vapor lamps winch comprise'a long members 2,-2"and 3, 3 formed integral with column" of glass tiibing having electrodfis the -side 'and end walls thereof. At one end and electrode chambers projecting therefrom is mounted a composite block 5 of super- 00 at right angles at one end and having a bulb imposed layers of'cardboard which is set : ; at its other end with electrode or electrodes on edge 'resting on the bottom of the bos ib projecting'therefrom at sharp angles and 1 and extending .thereacrors at one end * containing a substantial quantity of mercury thereof, it beinjg suitably fastened. In such usually in the neighborhood of half k'pound, position by gluing or clipping.' Said block the length'of the tube ranging from ;forty 5 fe-of'such blight so as to provide a substan- to sixty inches. " • ' - tial spkce^between its top edge irad the upper H It is therefore ah object of my invention limits of the box. A similar block 6 is to provide a box of carabbard or other light mounted at tfie opposite end of its upper material which will not add greatly to the edge even with the top'edge of the bos and 70 cost of transportation of the lamp and which providing a space, between its lower, edge ., will thoroughly protect the lamp ' from and the bottom of the box.: "- ?' - SO breakage due to jarring or excessive pressure Extending between the ends of the box from the outside and which will also.hold 1 with one end. positioned under the lower • fhe lamp in the most advantageous position edge of block 6.and with its other end on 75 to avoid excessive hammering of the iner- said block 5 is'the lamp ^wrapping member cury within the lamp. .;• . \ „" 7 of 'strong; card ^board-which member.7 is 83 It is also tn object of my' invention to of such thickness, as to compactly extend : provide such a box which .will be 'cheap to from the block 6 to tixe:bottom of Ihe box I 80 of light and strong Other'objects of my invention wm appear . .... so from the specification 'and accompanying flaps. 3, 3 are bent inwardly and-on to the box and tHe cover flaps 2, 2 folded ;in turn In the drawings forming a part of this therebver'rand glued thereon in the inanhef 85 specification:' - . • ... . wel—l know— n i—n th—e packin^——g^ aft Said meih- Fig. 1 is an elevation view in shortened ber 7 also extends from one side to the other u section of the box of my invention with of the box 1 to compactly fit therein wherebv cover members open and showing therein with said fittings at the ends of the lamp H lamp wrapping and supporting means and is held by the wrapping member -7 and the »0 - - ^ ? Al IT ? 1 iA ^ !!-___ Ik—— ___ ^ - - —— ——*. —— ^.. BMK..A.H4 n**l ^l%Jk«M***« supporting and holding means and the lamp opening 11 for the protrusion mounted therein, - .:- - v .:. nal 12 of the lamp, a longitudinal flap 14. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view in elevation co-extensive with said member 10.which is- of a shortened section of means used in the of a width substantially equal to that of > box of my invention for wrapping and hold- the interior of the bos 1 and has formed ": ~ ing the lamp and protecting it against break- therein the opening 15 directly ppp^i*- «•?* 100 fcmean%of Fig. 3, and which is adapted for holding around the container, and means cooperating with the «r> edge of flap 14.Fhen the_lamp_is,wrapped cover for holdjng said ^vrajjpiiig member between that- member and member "10 against movement in "the" container nnd for whereby the lamp can be securely held" be- holding it wrapped abourtbe contained ar- tween the members 10 and 14 by the~fasten- ticle when the cover is securcJ in place. ing together of flaps 14 and 18 ns by the use 2. In :i packing case for fragile articles;, of~«*1ue or stickers or the like/ 'In the'wrap- a container, a stop member positioned on the ping of the lamp in member 7 the flap 14 is interior of one of the sides of the container left fhit for secure engagement with the arid- ^paml away from the bottom thereof. bottom of the box 1 at one end and ivith .a stop member on the interior of one of the the top of block 5 at its'other end. and the ' sides "of the container nn ".i 706449 1 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION II 2 3 4 IN THE MATTER OF: Administrative 5 Deposition of: GRAND STREET MERCURY SITE, 6 HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY 7 8 9 10 TRANSCRIPT of testimony as taken by and 11 before HELEN DOHOGNE, a Certified Sh-oxthand 12 Reporter and Notary Public of the State of New 13 Jersey, at the residence of 14 on 15 Thursday, April 18,( 1996, commencing at 1:15 in 16 the afternoon. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ATTACHMENT #5 25 706450 4 B«*r Farm Road waga and spinelli RoMwn&NJ. 07068 certified shorthand reporters 201-992-4111 16 A. I think we bad a linoleum on that floor. 2 Q. Were you given any particular 3 instructions for handling the mercury? 4 A. Yes, we had to wash our hands, brush our 5 teeth three times a day. They gave us the 6 toothpaste and they gave us the toothbrush and 7 then we used to get examined once a month by a -8 doctor. They took really good care of us, I 9 really mean it. 10 Q. Were these instructions written 11 or were you told? 12 A. We were told by our foreman i 13 (phonetic). He was the engineer, chief 14 engineer. 15 Q. You mentioned visiting a doctor. 16 How often was that? 17 A. Once a month. 18 Q. And where was that? 19 A. In the building. We had our own first 20 aid room. We had a nurse there 24 hours. 21 Q. Can you tell me what the visits 22 to the doctor entailed? 23 A. Heart, bipod pressure, your teeth, 24 especially your teeth. That's in general. 25 Q. ^ How many people worked in the lab 706451 4 Bsckw Farm Road waga and spinelli AoMland. NJ. 07068 certified shorthand reporters 201-992-4111 17 1 with you with the mercury? 2 A. This one particular section what I said 3 before? 4 Q. Yes. 5 A. One, two -- two of us. One used to hold 6 the capsule and one used to put the mercury in. 7 Q. Who was your supervisor? 8 A. We had 9 two. 10 Q- Do you remember first 11 name? 12 A. No, I don't. They both were engineers. 13 Q. Was there ever an occasion where 14 mercury spilled from the table or from the 15 beaker? 16 A. No, not that I remember, no. 17 Q. Were you given instructions on 18 what to do in the event that mercury did spill? 19 A. Yeah, we swept it up and put it in 20 another beaker, then the engineer would take it. 21 Q. Do you know what he would do with 22 any mercury that may have spilled and was swept 23 up? 24 A. He would clean it -- what would you say, 25 he would put it like through a filter, clean 706452 4 Bccfccr Farm Road waga and spinelli Rowland. NJ. 07068 certified shorthand reporters 20V992-4H1 18 1 it. How would I say that? Am I saying it 2 right? Re filtered it. He filtered it. That's 3 right. 4 Q. Then it would be used again? 5 A. We used it again, that's right. There 6 was never a waste of it. 7 Q. You mentioned that a couple of • 8 different products were produced at the GE 9 building. 10 Can you tell me what those were? 11 A. The lamps, florescent lamps, AH9, AH4, 12 AH2s we made. I can't think of the number of 13 the photography lamps we made. We made much 14 more but I can't remember all the names. 15 MS. 6ARYPIE: Just let me know if 16 you need to take a break. 17 (T leaves the 18 deposition.) 19 ( now enters the 20 deposition.) 21 (There is a discussion off the 22 record.) 23 Q. Do you recall the names of any of 24 your co-workers? 25 A. " There was . -- I'm trying to 706453 4 B«ck*r Farm Road waga and spinelli Rowland. NJ. 07068 certified shorthand reporters 201-992-4111 t uWITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION II 2 3 4 IN TEE MATTER OF: Administrative 5 Deposition of: GRAND STREET MERCURY SITE, HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY 9 10 TRANSCRIPT of testimony as taken by and 12 before HELEN DOHOGNE, a Certified Shorthand 13 Reporter and Notary Public of the State of New Jersey, at the residence of 15 . , on Tuesday, April 16, 1996, commencing at 10:15 in 17 the forenoon. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 706454 FvmAatd waga and spinelli NJ.OTOM certified shorthand reporters 29 • direct - Ms. Garypie 1 in - - you know, the rooms were very pleasant, 2 very - - 3 Q. Were there a lot of windows? 4 A. The environment was good. 5 There were windows -- no, the 6 room I worked in had no windows, and I really 7 couldn't say if any of the rooms had windows. I 8 don't know whether the other side was on the 9 wall where the windows were. I can't remember. 10 Q. Did you have written instructions 11 for how to handle the mercury? 12 A. No, no. He were just told -• I remember 13 just being told not to wear any gold, no gold 14 jewelry. 15 Q. Were you given any reason for not 16 wearing gold? 17 A. I don't remember but of my own I guess my IB own curiosity got the best of me and Z guess I 19 must have inquired around -- you know, locally 20 around the people why can't I wear gold, you 21 know, what does it do? Nell, it damages the 22 gold, it eats away the gold. Z said, oh, so 23 with that Z realized that, well, you have to be 24 careful with this stuff and Z was. 25 Q. Were there -- 706455 waga and spinelli 4 Bcckar Farm Raid certified shorthand reporters ItoMMndLNJ. 07068 32 - direct - Ms. Garypie 1 did it, the vials, rather, and then someone 2 showed me how to inspect the flares and Z did 3 that, and that was it. 4 Q. Were there occasions where you 5 would in transferring the mercury from the € larger container to the vial, where you would 7 drop any of it? 8 A. Yes, there were spills, there were 9 spills, but the spills were on the table. The 10 table had like a little wall around it, okay, 11 and when the mercury rolled it just leaned 12 against the wall and then when I got all done, I 13 must have had -- they must have given me a tool • 14 to pick this up with because I remember using 15 this, gathering the mercury and then -- I 16 believe it had a curve on it. 17 See, I can't remember it 16 distinctly, you know, but Z remember picking it 19 up and putting it back into the jar. That's it. 20 Q. Did you ever put it anywhere else 21 besides back in the jar? 22 A. No, no, no. 23 Q. Did it ever spill on to the 24 floor? 25 A. Not that Z remember, no. 706456 4 StcMr F»n» tad v ATTACHMENT // 6 706457 • EDITORIAL Fred R. Sammis John Sammis Jerenvy Friedlander Beverlee Galli Jay Hyams Susan Lurie Candida Pilla ART DIRECTION Allan Mogel PRODUCTION LoriStein Lillian P. Hogan General Electric Project Coordinator: James H. Jensen Associate Project Coordinator: Neil C. Corrigan Consultant for Chapter 4: William M. Rogers Copyright 1979 in all countries of the International Copyright Union by The General Electric Company and Tbe Benjamin Com- pany Inc. All rights reserved. Published by The Benjamin Company Inc. 485 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022 Prepared and produced by Rutledge Books, Inc. 25 West 43 Street, New York, N.Y. 10036 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cox, James A. A century of light. *A Benjamin Company /Rutledge Book." 1. General Electric Company—History. 2. Electric lighting—History. I. Title. HD9695.U54G4373 1978 338.7683830973 ISBN 0-87602-062-3 78-19104 *• Printed in Italy by Mondadori, Vsrona. 70645-8 mer mayor of New York City. In 1902. with financial support from George West- inghouse, Hewitt formed the Cooper- Hewitt Electric Company to manufacture and market 385-watt, four-foot-long tubes The early evolution of the incandescent bulb. Opposite left: Horseshoe ("carbonized bristol in which an electric arc in a mercury va- board) filament; 1879. Opposite right: Bamboo por produced an eerie green blue light filament; 1881. Below: Tungsten filament; 1922. with an efficiency of 12.5 lumens per watt, impressive for the time. Cooper- Hewitt applied for a patent. So did Wein- traub and Steinmetz. The U.S. Patent Of- fice could not establish a clear case of priority, and at length, in 1913, the two frustrated companies agreed to exchange patent licenses so that each had no hindrance to manufacturing mercury-arc lamps and rectifiers. And then, in 1919, the question of priority became moot from a commercial point of view. General Electric bought out Cooper-Hewitt, con- verted it into a subsidiary called the Gen- eral Electric Vapor Lamp Company, and developed a reasonably good market in industrial applications where the lack of red color components in the light was not particularly important, as in photo- graphic studios. Continuing developmental work in this new field of electric discharge led to several important new types of lamps. The S-l sunlamp, a mercury-vapor type experimenting with another type of elec- introduced in 1929, looked like a conven- tric-discharge lamp, one that used mer- tional lamp but produced both ultraviolet cury vapor to carry an arc. Dr. Ezechiel radiation and some visible light, with un- Weintraub, a Schenectady physicist, dis- wanted rays screened out by a special covering that mercury vapor will permit glass bulb. Special glass also made so- electric current to pass through in only dium-vapor lamps a reality. Prior to then, one direction, set about inventing a mer- hot sodium vapor had attacked the types cury-arc rectifier that converted alternat- of glass in use and blackened the bulb in ing current into the now-seldom-used di- short order. But the new glass develop- rect current. In conjunction with this ment enabled General Electric to begin effort, Steinmetz was designing a mer- marketing in 1933 a very high-efficiency cury-arc lamp that would put Wein- low-pressure sodium-vapor lamp—45 to traub's rectifier to work. 55 lumens per watt—whose yellow light Meanwhile, down in Newark, New soon became a familiar sight on streets Jersey, these efforts were being duplica- and highways. ted by Peter Cooper Hewitt, sen of a for- The following year saw the arrival of 67 706459 5 256 2534 3E NEi-A «33i BOCKD Of ODlUCTXn BABOAXNXBO WITS 1 - KUotlwu prUr U Maj 15, 1950 Clralaad in? Vorto HUB Card Gtetk Bwark 3wrlt« Districti (n) Hill C4Td Ob«k ••writ La«f> Voito fLU (UB) RilOT OlMI OB Mtn«7 11-15-41 MUtl Cl»T«lfcd Balk Worta 4- •XXlKUetion OB 01 (AH.) (W) •U1HMUQB 01) 1942 BUtB tlMtiea 1-4*3 BUB Card OhMk (OB) 1- 5*3 ftnuktettiai 5-5*3 BUBBLOTtiM BlBBBlwUMi OlAM 4-2-43 RUB BlwUlA L.D.L. A I tit HUB BlOTtiflB RUIB BUB U*t 9-1-43 RUB H«tii ••114 9-9*3 RUB Ktoftioa 12-23*3 NUB n*«tiOB Rmark ftarvia* DUtHoti rt Card ChMk OB CUM Worn 2-15*4 CttUen OB 2-15*4 RUB KlMtian OB 4-26*4 RUB OB CUM 5-29-U RUB Card ChMk OB Obi* LM* Work* 6-17*4 HUB OB Conn U-23*4 NUB Oration OB Cl«*aland S«rviM Dl*lriai 11-29*4 NUB Card Cmak OB 12- 6*4 NUB Card CkMk OB 706460 ATTACHMENT # 7 JUN 21 '96 08:45 216 266 2694 PAGE.802 08 : 216 266 2694 «331 H1641 i>att Hathod KLU El»«tlon njtB 01) y Uorka WUU 51§«Uon OI) r 7-24-45 XUttlon ATL 11- OE) fiLTiftiant XnakM oamoria •UBtlMtia* la*pVork« 5-31-U Union) Mi* Vortot •-T-44 •UB tl«oti«o (OX) niMt Vorki n-ia-u (AFL Pliata) l«p forks 9-U-40 (QAM-OZO) Olaaa Vierkt 4- (Pad. «f OU«», Ccruri* 4 aUiaa SanA Itarkm of JUMTiM, dO) terri«« Matriot Bloitioa (Ta«Mi«n API) Jaeto 4-27-50 BIBB H»fltloB (ZBBf-APX.) AlCTXATIdtt TO BMKUI1IIO OKIT9 PaU Quality Xa*p»«tav»X«0trB«Ura at Bmolid Ua? v« Card Cteftk at PUat (UI) at lattUtta* Eojaipawt Voyka Car4 Chtak at POaat (UI) at Eaalid Card Chatk at Plant (UI) Ctf *«rl* at ClovAand Vira Varka 9* *-U Card Ckoak at Plant (UB) and KaoaiviAj Clarka at OXonOant 7-4J Card Cteak at Pfei* (UB) 706461 » «.. . *. •*«.»•*> ***t»»* JUN El '96 08:46 Z16 266 2694 PftGE.803