John Hookham Frere 1769-1846
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Poems About Poets
1 BYRON’S POEMS ABOUT POETS Some of the funniest of Byron’s poems spring with seeming spontaneity from his pen in the middle of his letters. Much of this section comes from correspondence, though there is some formal verse. Several pieces are parodies, some one-off squibs, some full-length. Byron’s distaste for most of the poets of his day shines through, with the recurrent and well-worn traditional joke that their books will end either as stuffing in hatshops, wrapped around pastries, or as toilet-tissue. Byron admired the English poets of the past – the Augustans especially – much more than he did any of his contemporaries. Of “the Romantic Movement” he knew no more than did any of the other writers supposed now to have been members of it. Southey he loathed, as a dreadful doppelgänger – see below. Of Wordsworth he also had a low opinion, based largely on The Excursion – to the ambitions of which Don Juan can be regarded as a riposte (there are as many negative comments about Wordsworth in Don Juan as there are about Southey). He was as abusive of Keats as it’s possible to be, and only relented (as he said), when Shelley showed him Hyperion. Of the poetry of his friend Shelley he was very guarded indeed, and compensated by defending Shelley’s moral reputation. Blake he seems not to have known (“Blake” was him the name of a well-known Fleet Street barber). The only poet of whom his judgement and modern estimate coincide is Coleridge: he was strong in his admiration for The Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan, and Christabel; about the conversational poems he seems blank, and he feigns total incomprehension of the Biographia Literaria (see below). -
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020 1 MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020 French Occupation of Malta Malta and all of its resources over to the French in exchange for estates and pensions in France for himself and his knights. Bonaparte then established a French garrison on the islands, leaving 4,000 men under Vaubois while he and the rest of the expeditionary force sailed eastwards for Alexandria on 19 June. REFORMS During Napoleon's short stay in Malta, he stayed in Palazzo Parisio in Valletta (currently used as the Ministry for Foreign Affairs). He implemented a number of reforms which were The French occupation of The Grandmaster Ferdinand von based on the principles of the Malta lasted from 1798 to 1800. It Hompesch zu Bolheim, refused French Revolution. These reforms was established when the Order Bonaparte's demand that his could be divided into four main of Saint John surrendered entire convoy be allowed to enter categories: to Napoleon Bonaparte following Valletta and take on supplies, the French landing in June 1798. insisting that Malta's neutrality SOCIAL meant that only two ships could The people of Malta were granted FRENCH INVASION OF MALTA enter at a time. equality before the law, and they On 19 May 1798, a French fleet On receiving this reply, Bonaparte were regarded as French citizens. sailed from Toulon, escorting an immediately ordered his fleet to The Maltese nobility was expeditionary force of over bombard Valletta and, on 11 June, abolished, and slaves were freed. 30,000 men under General Louis Baraguey Freedom of speech and the press General Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Byron's Library
1 BYRON’S LIBRARY: THE THREE BOOK SALE CATALOGUES Edited and introduced by Peter Cochran The 1813 Catalogue Throughout much of 1813, Byron was planning to go east again, not with Hobhouse this time, but with the Marquis of Sligo, who, just out of jail for abducting sailors during a period of war, was anxious to be away from the public gaze. They never went: the difficulty of finding adequate transport for themselves and their retinues, plus a report of plague in the Levant, prevented them. Sligo would have had difficulty in any case getting passage on an English ship of war. However, just how close they got to leaving is shown by the first of the three catalogues below. While still adding lines to The Giaour, Byron was within an ace of selling his library. Its catalogue is headed: A / CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, / THE PROPERTY OF A NOBLEMAN [in ink in margin: Lord Byron / J.M.] / ABOUT TO LEAVE ENGLAND / ON A TOUR OF THE MOREA. / TO WHICH ARE ADDED / A SILVER SEPULCHRAL URN, / CONTAINING / RELICS BROUGHT FROM ATHENS IN 1811, / AND / A SILVER CUP, / THE PROPERTY OF THE SAME NOBLE PERSON; / WHICH WILL BE / SOLD BY AUCTION / BY R. H. EVANS / AT HIS HOUSE, No. 26, PALL-MALL, / On Thursday July 8th, and following Day. Catalogues may be had, and the Books viewed at the / Place of Sale. / Printed by W.Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-row, St. James’ s. / 1813. It’s not usual to sell your entire library before going abroad unless you intend never to return. -
Don Juan Study Guide
Don Juan Study Guide © 2017 eNotes.com, Inc. or its Licensors. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. Summary Don Juan is a unique approach to the already popular legend of the philandering womanizer immortalized in literary and operatic works. Byron’s Don Juan, the name comically anglicized to rhyme with “new one” and “true one,” is a passive character, in many ways a victim of predatory women, and more of a picaresque hero in his unwitting roguishness. Not only is he not the seductive, ruthless Don Juan of legend, he is also not a Byronic hero. That role falls more to the narrator of the comic epic, the two characters being more clearly distinguished than in Byron’s Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. In Beppo: A Venetian Story, Byron discovered the appropriateness of ottava rima to his own particular style and literary needs. This Italian stanzaic form had been exploited in the burlesque tales of Luigi Pulci, Francesco Berni, and Giovanni Battista Casti, but it was John Hookham Frere’s (1817-1818) that revealed to Byron the seriocomic potential for this flexible form in the satirical piece he was planning. The colloquial, conversational style of ottava rima worked well with both the narrative line of Byron’s mock epic and the serious digressions in which Byron rails against tyranny, hypocrisy, cant, sexual repression, and literary mercenaries. -
Aristophanes in Performance 421 BC–AD 2007
an offprint from Aristophanes in Performance 421 BC–AD 2007 Peace, Birds and Frogs ❖ EDITED BY EDITH HALL AND AMANDA WRIGLEY Modern Humanities Research Association and Maney Publishing Legenda: Oxford, 2007 C H A P T E R 16 ❖ A Poet without ‘Gravity’: Aristophanes on the Italian Stage Francesca Schironi Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Aristophanes has enjoyed a certain public profile: I have counted at least seventy-four official productions that have taken place in Italy since 1911. The most popular play by far seems to be Birds, which has taken the stage in sixteen different productions. Clouds is also reasonably popular, having been staged in twelve different productions. There have also been some interesting rewritings and pastiches of more than one play. But particularly striking is the relative infrequency with which Frogs — in my view one of Aristophanes’ most engaging comedies — has been produced: it has only seen public performance twice, in 1976 and in 2002.1 Indeed, it is one of those two productions of Frogs that attracted my attention: the most recent one, directed by Luca Ronconi at Syracuse in May 2002. As most people know by now, this performance excited many discussions, in Italy,2 as well as abroad,3 because of widespread suspicion that it had incurred censorship at the hands of Berlusconi’s government. I would like to reconsider this episode, not only because it is both striking and ambiguous, but above all because on closer inspection it seems to me a particularly good illustration of how theatre, and in particular ancient Greek and Roman theatre, ‘works’ in Italy. -
Sir Bartle Frere
THE LIFE OF SIR BARTLE FRERE. CHAPTER I. BIRTH AND EDUCATION. Birth-Parentage-Childhood at Clydach-School-days at Bath Haileybury-Departure for India-Malta-Egypt-Red Sea Arrival at Bombay. HENRY BARTLE EDWARD FRERE, sixth son and ninth child of Edward and Mary Anne Frere, was born at Clydach House, Llanelly, in the county of Brecon, on March 29, 181 S. John Frere, the earliest known ancestor of their name from whom the Freres trace direct descent, was living at Thurston, near Bury St. Edmunds, in 1268; since which date portions of the estates at present owned by the family in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex have been in their continuous possession. A branch of the family, settled at Harleston, on the borders of Norfolk and Suffolk, emigrated to Barbadoes in the seventeenth century. This branch, in political opposition to the rest of the family, was strongly Par liamentarian, Tobias Frere being a member of Crom well's second Parliament, and secretary to the Committee WLL B 2 THE LIFE OF SIR BARTLE FRERE. [CH. J of Sequestrations for Norfolk and the City of Norwich John Frere was acting governor of Barbadoes about 1720 and Henry Frere in 1790. The Royalism of the other branch of the family doe~ not seem to have been ardent enough to affect its fortunes for in 1656, when the Royalist cause was at its lowest: John Frere purchased the manor and advowson oj Finningham, in the heart of Puritan Suffolk, and in the following year Thwaite Hall in the same parish. Here he and his descendants lived for more than a century, till in 1760 Sheppard Frere bought Roydon Hall, near Dissl six or seven miles distant, which has since been the residence of the eldest branch of the family. -
Venice, Childe Harold IV and Beppo, July 30Th 1817-January 7Th 1818
116 Venice, Childe Harold IV and Beppo, July 30th 1817-January 7th 1818 Venice, 1817 July 30th 1817-January 7th 1818 Edited from B.L.Add.Mss. 47234. In the notes, “J.W.” indicates assistance from Jack Wasserman, to whom I’m most grateful. Hobhouse has been on a tour of Italy since December 5th 1816, and hasn’t seen Byron – who’s just moved from Venice to La Mira – since Byron left Rome on May 20th. For the next five-and-a-half months he’s with Byron in Venice and the surrounding area. Byron is for the most part polishing Childe Harold IV, and Hobhouse takes upon himself the task of annotating it. The truly significant event, however – which neither man fully understands, and Hobhouse never will – is when Byron, having read Hookham Frere’s Whistlecraft, suddenly composes Beppo on October 9th. Venice is held by Austria, which is systematically running down its economy so that the poor are reduced to eating grass. Hobhouse glances at the state of the place from time to time. His terribly British account of the circumcision ceremony on August 2nd implies much about what Byron found fascinating about the city – though Byron would never put such feelings into explicit prose. Wednesday July 30th 1817: I got up at four – set off half past five, and, crossing the Po, went to Rovigo, three posts and a half. A long tedious drive, in flats. From Rovigo I went to Padua without going five miles out of my way to see Arquà in the Euganean Hills – Petrarch’s tranquil place – it was too hot – the thermometer at eighty-three in the shade. -
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020
MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020 1 MALTESE E-NEWSLETTER 322 May 2020 French Occupation of Malta Malta and all of its resources over to the French in exchange for estates and pensions in France for himself and his knights. Bonaparte then established a French garrison on the islands, leaving 4,000 men under Vaubois while he and the rest of the expeditionary force sailed eastwards for Alexandria on 19 June. REFORMS During Napoleon's short stay in Malta, he stayed in Palazzo Parisio in Valletta (currently used as the Ministry for Foreign Affairs). He implemented a number of reforms which were The French occupation of The Grandmaster Ferdinand von based on the principles of the Malta lasted from 1798 to 1800. It Hompesch zu Bolheim, refused French Revolution. These reforms was established when the Order Bonaparte's demand that his could be divided into four main of Saint John surrendered entire convoy be allowed to enter categories: to Napoleon Bonaparte following Valletta and take on supplies, the French landing in June 1798. insisting that Malta's neutrality SOCIAL meant that only two ships could The people of Malta were granted FRENCH INVASION OF MALTA enter at a time. equality before the law, and they On 19 May 1798, a French fleet On receiving this reply, Bonaparte were regarded as French citizens. sailed from Toulon, escorting an immediately ordered his fleet to The Maltese nobility was expeditionary force of over bombard Valletta and, on 11 June, abolished, and slaves were freed. 30,000 men under General Louis Baraguey Freedom of speech and the press General Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Lord Holland's Portuguese Library
Lord Holland’s Portuguese Library John Clarke Emeritus Professor, The University of Buckingham José Baptista de Sousa CETAPS See what D. J.-M. de Sousa says in this regard in his edition of Os Lusíadas, when he mentions a Friar Josepe Índio, the owner as he then was of Lord Holland’s celebrated copy.1 (Garrett: 205) ord Holland’s initial response to Portugal was one of disdain, a reaction that may be attributed to exposure to a widely held Spanish prejudice rather than to any personal antipathy. Yet, with the passing years, Holland’s attitude changed into one of ‘love’ and ‘affection’, to quote his own words in a speech to the LHouse of Lords in July 1828 (The Times, July 17, 1828: 6).2 Indeed, while Holland may not qualify as a ‘Lusophile’, he was certainly a friend of Portugal, even if this long lasting relationship is someti- 1. “Veja o que a este respeito diz o Sr. D. J.-M de Souza na sua edição dos Lus.[íadas] quando falla de um Fray Josep Indio, proprietario, que foi, do famoso exemplar de lord Holland.” (Our translation). 2. Henry Richard Vassall-Fox (1773-1840), 3rd Baron of Holland of Holland and Holland of Foxley, English Whig politician, statesman and hispanist. He was the grandson son of Henry Fox, 1st Lord Holland, and his wife Lady Caroline Lennox, the eldest daughter of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, a grandson of Charles II. Holland was the nephew of Charles James Fox, the famous Whig politician, who was responsible for his education. -
Abbreviated Titles
Abbreviated Titles JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS ELH A Journal of English Literary History FMLS Forumfor Modern Language Studies JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology K-SJ Keats-Shelley Journal KSMB Keats Shelley Memorial Bulletin MLN Modern Language Notes MLR Modern Language Review MP Modern Philology N&Q Notes and Queries PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association PQ Philological Quarterly SEL Studies in English Literature TLS Times Literary Supplement UTSE University of Texas Studies in English SHORT TITLES AP G. B. Casti, Animali Parlanti: Poema Epico in Ven tisei Canti Amsterdam, 1804 Byron: Poetical Works Byron: Poetical Works, ed., Frederick Page, revised and corrected by John Jump (Oxford Univer sity Press, 1970) Hobhouse Recollections John Cam Hobhouse, Recollections of a Long Life, ed., Lady Dorchester (London, 1911) Marchand BLJ Leslie A. Marchand (ed.), Byron's Letters and Jour nals, vols 1-7 (London: John Murray, 1973-77) Medwin's Conversations Medwin's 'Conversations of Lord Byron', ed., Ernest J. Lovell Jr. (Princeton University Press, 1969) Moore's Life Thomas Moore, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron, with Notices of his Life, 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1830) Moore Works oj Byron Thomas Moore, The Works oj Lord Byron with his Letters and Journals and his Life, 17 vols (London, 1835) PT G. B. Casti, Il Poema Tartaro, ed., with notes by Lodovico Corio (Milan, 1887) 166 Abbreviated Titles 167 Prothero L &J The Works rif Lord Byron: Letters and Journals, ed., R. E. Prothero, 6 vols (London, 1898-1901) Shelley Letters The Letters rif Percy Bysshe Shelley ed., F. L. -
Byron and Murray 1816-1819
Byron’s Correspondence with John Murray, 2: 1816-1819 [work in progress ] Edited by Peter Cochran Update 5/1/2011. My thanks to David McClay, Rachel Beattie, and their colleagues at the National Library of Scotland. I am also very grateful to John and Virginia Murray for permission to quote (where necessary) texts from Byron’s Letters and Journals, ed. Leslie A. Marchand (John Murray 1973-1994). This is referred to as BLJ. LJM: The Letters of John Murray to Lord Byron . Ed. Andrew Nicholson, Liverpool University Press, 2007. Peach: Annette Peach: Portraits of Byron (Walpole Society reprint) 2000. Smiles: Samuel Smiles. A Publisher and his Friends: Memoir and Correspondence of the late John Murray with an Account of the Origin and Progress of the House, 1768-1843 . 2 vols. London John Murray 1891. 50, Albemarle Street Palazzo Mocenigo Palazzo Guiccioli Several enigmas huddle about this, the most amiable section of the Byron / Murray correspondence. How far is Byron’s decision to write his doomed Memoirs a result of Murray’s prompting (see Murray, January 22nd 1817)? How far is the writing of Beppo a result of hints by Murray (see, again, Murray, January 22nd, and April 8th 1817)? At what point if any does Byron realise that Murray plans publication of his letters (see suspicions, June 7th 1819)? At what point does Byron realise that Murray reads them aloud to his Utican Senate? Murray employs diplomatic dispatches for the expedition of his letters to Byron (see March 15th, 1817, and February 20th 1818), and on March 20th 1817 he invites Byron to reciprocate by the same means. -
Byron's Library
1 BYRON’S LIBRARY: THE THREE BOOK SALE CATALOGUES Edited and introduced by Peter Cochran The 1813 Catalogue Throughout much of 1813, Byron was planning to go east again, not with Hobhouse this time, but with the Marquis of Sligo, who, just out of jail for abducting sailors during a period of war, was anxious to be away from the public gaze. They never went: the difficulty of finding adequate transport for themselves and their retinues, plus a report of plague in the Levant, prevented them. Sligo would have had difficulty in any case getting passage on an English ship of war. However, just how close they got to leaving is shown by the first of the three catalogues below. While still adding lines to The Giaour, Byron was within an ace of selling his library. Its catalogue is headed: A / CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, / THE PROPERTY OF A NOBLEMAN [in ink in margin: Lord Byron / J.M.] / ABOUT TO LEAVE ENGLAND / ON A TOUR OF THE MOREA. / TO WHICH ARE ADDED / A SILVER SEPULCHRAL URN, / CONTAINING / RELICS BROUGHT FROM ATHENS IN 1811, / AND / A SILVER CUP, / THE PROPERTY OF THE SAME NOBLE PERSON; / WHICH WILL BE / SOLD BY AUCTION / BY R. H. EVANS / AT HIS HOUSE, No. 26, PALL-MALL, / On Thursday July 8th, and following Day. Catalogues may be had, and the Books viewed at the / Place of Sale. / Printed by W.Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-row, St. James’ s. / 1813. It’s not usual to sell your entire library before going abroad unless you intend never to return.