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Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World

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Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World bilig Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World KIŞ WINTER 2020 • SAYI NUMBER 92 © Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Bașkanlığı Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees Danışma Kurulu / Advisory Board bilig Prof. Dr. Abdıldacan AKMATALİYEV Millî Bilimler Akademisi /Kırgızistan Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Prof. Dr. Ramiz ASKER Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World Bakü Devlet Üniversitesi/Azerbaycan Prof. Dr. Viktor BUTANAYEV KIŞ WINTER 2020 • SAYI NUMBER 92 Hakas Katanov Devlet Üniversitesi / Rusya Federasyonu Sahibi Owner Prof. Dr. Nurettin DEMİR Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Adına Mütevelli Heyet Başkanı Hacettepe Üniversitesi/TÜRKİYE Prof. Dr. Musa YILDIZ Prof. Dr. Edward FOSTER Talisman/ABD Yayın Yönetmeni Editor in Chief Prof. Dr. Gürer GÜLSEVİN Prof. Dr. Fırat PURTAŞ Ege Üniversitesi / Türkiye Prof. Dr. Osman HORATA Yayın Kurulu Editorial Board Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Nâzım Hikmet POLAT Prof. Dr. Lars JOHANSON Prof. Dr. Yunus KOÇ Mainz Üniversitesi/Almanya Prof. Dr. Ali Ekber ŞAHİN Prof.Dr. Mustafa S. KAÇALİN Prof. Dr. Tuba DURMUŞ Marmara Üniversitesi/Türkiye Dr. Murat YILMAZ Prof. Dr. M. Akif KİREÇCİ Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi/Türkiye Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Managing Editor Prof. Dr. Rafael MUHAMMEDİNOV Emine Sıdıka TOPTAŞ Bilimler Akademisi/Rusya Federasyonu Prof. Dr. Mahir NAKİP Teknik Redaksiyon Redaction Çankaya Üniversitesi/Türkiye Prof. Dr. Tuba DURMUŞ Prof. Dr. M. Öcal OĞUZ Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi/Türkiye Özetlerin İngilizcesi English Abstracts Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZ Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Türkiye Ebru SEVEN Prof. Dr. Ali Yaşar SARIBAY Uludağ Üniversitesi/Türkiye Özetlerin Rusçası Russian Abstracts Liliya SATTAROVA Prof. Dr. Cengiz TOMAR Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi/Kazakistan Prof. Dr. Refik TURAN Yönetim Merkezi Management Center Gazi Üniversitesi/Türkiye Şehit H. Temel Kuğuoğlu Cad. Prof. Dr. Musa YILDIZ Nu: 30 06490 Bahçelievler / ANKARA Gazi Üniversitesi/Türkiye Tel: (0 312) 216 06 00 • Faks: (0 312) 216 06 09 www.ayu.edu.tr bilig.yesevi.edu.tr • e-posta: [email protected] Abonelik Subscription [email protected] Abone Bedeli Yurt içi (Yıllık) : 100 TL (Öğretim üyesi, öğretmen ve öğrencilere 50 indirimlidir) Yurt dışı (Yıllık) : 150 ABD Doları Yayın Türü 3 aylık, yaygın, süreli Baskı Printed by MERKEZREPRO +90 (312) 384 78 98 Makalelerde ifade edilen fikir ve görüşler sadece yazarlarının olup, Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi www.merkezrepro.com Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığının görüşlerini yansıtmazlar. Basım Yeri: ANKARA The opinions and views expressed in the articles Basım Tarihi: 31/01/2020 are the authors’ solely and do not reflect the views of the Ahmet Yesevi University Board of Trustees. ISSN: 1301-0549 Saygıdeğer okurlar, 2020 yılının ilk günlerinde bilig’in 92. sayısını sizlere ulaştırmanın mutluluğunu yaşıyoruz. Bu vesileyle tüm takipçilerimizin yeni yılını kutlar, sağlık, mutluluk ve başarılar dileriz. Üçüncü milenyumda üçüncü on yılın içerisine girmiş bulunuyoruz. 2019 yılı Türkiye’nin ulusal kurtuluş mücadelesinin başlamasının 100. yıl dönümü olması münasebetiyle önem taşıyordu. 2020 yılı ise Kurtuluş Savaşını yürütmüş ve bu nedenle Gazi unvanına sahip olan TBMM’nin kuruluşunun 100. yıl dönümüdür. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, TBMM Başkanı ve Başkomutan olarak Milli Mücadeleye liderlik ederek Gazi ve Mareşal unvanlarını kazanmıştır. Bu münasebetle Bilig olarak, tüm mazlum milletler için ilham kaynağı olan Türk kurtuluş savaşı ve Doğu ülkelerinde modernleşme ve demokratikleşme için model oluşturan TBMM konusunda özel bir sayı hazırlamayı planlamaktayız. 2020 yılında bu konulardaki çalışmalara öncelikli olarak yer vereceğimizi şimdiden duyurmak isteriz. Aslında bu sayımızda yer alan ilk dört makale de siyaset, kamu yönetimi, ekonomi, kentleşme alalarında Türkiye’nin tecrübesini yansıtan çalışmalardır. SSCB’nin da- ğılmasının ardından yeni bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetleri ortaya çıkınca 1990’lı yıl- larda “Türkiye modeli” gündeme gelmişti. 2011’de başlayan Arap Baharı sürecinde de “Türkiye modeli” sıkça tartışıldı. Bu dört makalenin; dünyada ve bölgesindeki dönüşüme hızlı bir şekilde uyum sağlayan, pek çok Avrupa ülkesi ile eş zamanlı olarak demokrasisini geliştiren, serbest pazara dayalı bir ekonomiye sahip, nüfusu- nun çoğunluğunu Müslümanların oluşturduğu bir ülke olan Türkiye’nin siyasi ve ekonomik yönetim yapısının anlaşılması için faydalı olacağı kanaatindeyiz. Ü.N. Zengin’in Kırım, R. Dursun’un Tunus ile ilgili makaleleri Kırım Tatarlarının ve Tunusluların kimlik-inanç ilişkisini etno-sembolcü yaklaşımla ele alan çalışma- lardır. H. Sıddıkoğlu ise Türkiye’de ve Pakistan’da toplumun ve devletin İslamiyet’le olan ilişkisini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktadır. Bu üç makale Müslüman top- lumlarda din ile kimlik arasındaki bağlantının kuramsal bir yaklaşımla analizi, kültürel olarak birbirine yakın toplumların kendilerini tanımlamada inançlarına verdikleri önemin anlaşılması açısından ilgi çekicidir. Türk dünyası sosyal bilimleri ve Türklük bilimi uçsuz bucaksız bir deryadır. Bu deryadan bir katre niteliğindeki 92. sayımızın faydalı olmasını temenni eder, iyi okumalar dileriz. Prof. Dr. Fırat Purtaş Yayın Yönetmeni Dear Readers, We are glad to announce the 92nd issue of bilig in the first days of 2020. We would like to take this opportunity to congratulate all our followers’ new year and wish them health, happiness and success. We have been in the third millennium within the third decade. 2019 had great im- portance in terms of being the 100th anniversary of the commencement of Turkey’s National Independence War. 2020 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which carried out the War of Independence and therefore has the title of Gazi. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk won the titles of Gazi and Marshal by leading the National Struggle as the President of the Grand Nation- al Assembly of Turkey and the Commander-in-Chief. In this respect, as Bilig, we are planning to prepare a special issue regarding the Turkish War of Independence which is an inspiration for all the oppressed nations and the Turkish Grand Na- tional Assembly that is a model for modernization and democratization in Eastern countries. We would like to announce in advance that we will prioritize the studies on these issues in 2020. In fact, the first four articles in this issue are the studies that reflect Turkey’s experi- ences in the fields of politics, public administration, economics and urbanization. After the collapse of the USSR, with the arise of newly independent Turkic Repub- lics, “Turkish Model” was on the agenda in the 1990’s. During the period of the Arab Spring which began in 2011, “Turkish model” was frequently discussed. We are of the opinion that these four articles would be useful in terms of understand- ing, political and economic governance structure of Turkey, a country adapting quickly to transform and in the regions of the world, developing democracy simul- taneously with many European countries, having an economy based on free market and whose population mostly made up of Muslims. Ü. N. Zengin’s article on Crimea and R. Dursun’s articles on Tunisia are the studies that address the identity-belief relationship of Crimean Tatars and Tunisians with ethno-symbolic approaches. H. Sıddıkoğlu examines comparatively the relation- ship of society and the state with Islam in Turkey and Pakistan. These three articles are interesting in terms of a theoretical analysis of the connection between religion and identity in Muslim societies and to understand the importance that culturally close societies place on their beliefs in defining themselves. The Turkic world’s social sciences and the science of Turkishness are a vast ocean. We hope that this issue 92nd (a drop of this ocean) will contribute to the field, have a nice reading. Prof. Dr. Fırat Purtaş Editor in Chief Дорогие читатели, В эти первые дни 2020 года мы рады представить вашему вниманию 92-й выпуск журнала «Билиг» и, пользуясь этой возможностью, пожелать всем нашим читателям в новом году здоровья, счастья и успехов! Мы стоим на пороге третьей декады третьего тысячелетия. 2019 год был знаме- нательным в связи с 100-летием со дня начала национальной освободительной борьбы. Наступивший 2020 год также обладает особой значимостью: мы будем отмечать 100-летие со дня созыва Великого национального собрания Турции, под руководством которого шла Война за независимость. Мустафа Кемаль Ататюрк, председатель Великого национального собрания Турции и главнокомандующий, возглавил Национальную борьбу и получил звание маршала и титул «Гази». В связи с этим «Билиг» планирует подготовку специального выпуска, посвященного Войне за независимость Турции, ставшей источником вдохновения для всех угнетенных народов, и Великому национальному собранию Турции, которое яв- ляется моделью для демократизации и модернизации стран Востока. Мы хотели бы объявить, что исследования по этим проблемам станут нашим приоритетом в 2020 году. Что касается настоящего выпуска, то первые четыре статьи отражают опыт Турции в политике, экономике, государственном управлении и развитии городов. В 1990-е годы, после распада СССР и образования новых независимых тюркских государств, часто говорилось о «турецкой модели» развития, которая всплыла на повестке дня и в 2011 году, в дни «арабской весны». Полагаем, что эти четыре исследования будут полезными для понимания политической и экономической структуры управления Турции, страны с преимущественно мусульманским населением, которая быстро
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