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Table of Contents VIEW PER PAGE:102050ALL SHOWING 1-46 Q 1x Table of Contents VIEW PER PAGE:102050ALL SHOWING 1-46 of 46 QADAMGĀH R. BOUCHARLAT an ancient site at the southeastern tip of the Kuh-e Raḥmat, some 40 km south of the Persepolis. Its Persian name (“place of the footprints”) was explained to the 19th-century visitor as due to “the curious marks in the rocks, which are said to be the foot-prints of Ali’s horse.” The date generally accepted is the Achaemenid or the post-Achaemenid period. This Article Has Images/Tables. QĀDESIYA, BATTLE OF D. GERSHON LEWENTAL an engagement during the mid-630s CE in which Arab Muslim warriors overcame a larger Sasanian army and paved the way for their subsequent conquest of Iran. The battle took place at a small settlement on the frontier of Sasanian Iraq. QĀʾENI, SHAIKH MOḤAMMAD-ʿALI MINOU FOADI (1860-1924), prominent Bahai apologist and director of the Bahai school in Ashkabad. QAJAR DYNASTY VIII. “BIG MERCHANTS” IN THE LATE QAJAR PERIOD GAD G. GILBAR Big merchants (toJJār-e bozorg), reached the height of their influence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They made a maJor contribution to the country’s economic growth and had a significant impact on key political developments in the late QaJar period. QAJAR DYNASTY XII. THE QAJAR-PERIOD HOUSEHOLD SHIREEN MAHDAVI QaJar society was pluralistic, in the sense that different groups of various social status existed in it. It was patrilineal and patriarchal, and residence after marriage was normally patrilocal. QAJAR DYNASTY XIII. CHILDREN’S UPBRINGING IN THE QAJAR PERIOD SHIREEN MAHDAVI a description of rituals and ceremonies in different periods of children's lives, as well as their education and place in household duties, during the QaJar dynasty. QAJAR DYNASTY XIV. QAJAR CUISINE SHIREEN MAHDAVI Persian cuisine is an art that has evolved through centuries of refinement, culminating in the QaJar period and continuing in present-day Iran. QaJar cuisine has its origins in Iran’s ancient empires, particularly that of the Sasanians. QALA D-ŠRARA EDEN NABY (The voice of truth), a monthly publication of the mainly French Catholic Lazarist Mission in Urmia which ran from 1897 to 1915. It was The second periodical to appear in Urmia wholly published in Assyrian neo-Aramaic, after Zahrire d-bahra (1849-1918). The Urmia Catholic mission was an extension of the main base in Ḵosrava, outside Dilmon, in Salmās. This Article Has Images/Tables. QALʿA-YE DOḴTAR DIETRICH HUFF The rocky plateau stretching in an east-west direction above the river bend was fortified against the adJoining mountainside by a traverse wall that ran up from the northern and southern cliffs to a semi-circular bastion on the spine of the crest. There are rubble stonewalls along the northern and southern precipices with fort structures on outcrops. This Article Has Images/Tables. QAMAR-AL-MOLUK VAZIRI ERIK NAKJAVANI (1905-1959), commonly referred to as Qamar, popular, pioneering Persian mezzo- soprano. Qamar’s first formal performance as a vocalist took place at Tehran’s Grand Hotel in 1924. This Article Has Images/Tables. QANĀT CROSS-REFERENCE earliest irrigation system in Iran. See KĀRIZ. QANDRIZ, MANSUR HENGAMEH FOULADVAND Matisse, Picasso, and Persian miniature paintings inspired Qandriz’s early figurative work. He chose, as a critic commented, “mystical symbols to combine traditional and modern elements into his abstract designs.” Imaginary elements and heavenly figures, reminiscent of spiritual quests, are characteristics of Qandriz’s early paintings. This Article Has Images/Tables. QĀNUNI, JALĀL HOUMAN SARSHAR (1900-1987), master performer of the Persian modal system (dastgāh) and expert in Daštestāni music (folk music from Fārs province). QĀNUNI, RAḤIM HOUMAN SARSHAR Širāzi (1871-1944), innovator, master of Persian classical music, and teacher. QARĀ ḴEṬĀY ISTVÁN VÁSÁRY western branch of the Mongolic Qitans, who ruled China as the Liao from 907 to 1124. QARABAGH ALESSANDRO MONSUTTI (Qarabāḡ), a district (woloswāli) of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan. QARAKHANIDS CROSS-REFERENCE see ILAK-KHANIDS. QARMATIS CROSS-REFERENCE or QARMATIANS, the name given to the adherents of a branch of the Ismaʿili movement during the 3rd/9th century. See CARMATIANS. QĀSEMI-E ḤOSAYNI-E GONĀBĀDI JAʿFAR ŠOJĀʿ KEYHĀNI poet and scholar of the Safavid period. QĀSEMLU, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN CAROL PRUNHUBER Qāsemlu became interested in politics in the early 1940s, when the Allied forces invaded Iran and the nascent Kurdish nationalist movement was revived during the occupation of the two AzerbaiJan provinces by the Soviet forces. This Article Has Images/Tables. QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY I. HISTORY PIERRE OBERLING Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqā ʾi is a conglomeration of clans of different ethnic origins, Lori, Kurdish, Arab and Turkic. QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY II. LANGUAGE MICHAEL KNÜPPEL Qašqāʾi is a language of southwestern or Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, spoken in the Iranian provinces of Hamadan and Fārs, especially in the region to the north of Shiraz. QAWĀMI, ḤOSYAN MORTEŻĀ ḤOSEYNI DEHKORDI AND EIR (1909-1989), known also as Fāḵtaʾi, a master vocalist of Persia in the second half of the 20th century. QAWL PHILIP G. KREYENBROEK a type of poetry that plays a central role in the religious life of the Yezidis. These hymns are chanted to music on solemn religious occasions. QAYDĀFA JULIA RUBANOVICH a female character in various Islamic versions of the Alexander Romance. QĀŻI SAʿID QOMI SAJJAD H. RIZVI , Moḥammad-Saʿid b. Moḥammad-Mofid, Shiʿite philosopher, Jurist, and mystic of the Safavid period (b. 1049/1640, d. after 1107/1696). QAZI, MOHAMMAD NOṢRAT-ALLĀH ŻIĀʾI (1913-1998), noted translator. QEPČĀQ PETER B. GOLDEN a loosely-held union of Turkic tribes (ca. 1030-1237) deriving from the Kimek state and tribes, who came into western and central Eurasian steppes from the east. QESHM ISLAND DANIEL T. POTTS (Jazira-ye Qešm, Ar. Jazira-al-Ṭawila); the largest island (ca. 122 km long, 18 km wide on average, 1,445 sq km) in the Persian Gulf, about 22 km south of Bandar-e ʿAbbās. QEṢṢA-YE SANJĀN CROSS-REFERENCE an account of the early years of Zoroastrian settlers on the Indian subcontinent. See PARSI COMMUNITIES i. Early History. QODDUS NOSRAT MOHAMMAD-HOSSEINI (1822-1849), spiritual title of Moḥammad-ʿAli Bārforuši, a prominent Bābi figure. QODSI MAŠHADI PAUL LOSENSKY , ḤĀJI MOḤAMMAD JĀN (b. Mashad, ca. 1582; d. Lahore, 1646), Persian poet of the first half of the 17th century. QOFS C. E. BOSWORTH the Arabised form of Kufiči, lit. “mountain dweller,” the name of a people of southeastern Iran found in the Islamic historians and geographers of the 10th-11th centuries. QOHESTĀNI, ABU ESḤĀQ FARHAD DAFTARY Ebrāhim, one of the most prominent Nezāri Ismaʿili dāʿis and authors of the early AnJedān period around the middle of the 15th century in Nezāri history. His sole surviving work is the Haft bāb. QOHRUD I. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY HABIB BORJIAN mountainous river, village, and district, with attractive architectural monuments; on a caravan station from Kashan to Isfahan. QOM I. HISTORY TO THE SAFAVID PERIOD ANDREAS DRECHSLER The present town of Qom in Central Iran dates back to ancient times. Its pre-Islamic history can be partially documented. QOM LAKE E. EHLERS (DARYĀČA-ye QOM, or Qom Basin), also called Daryāča-ye Sāva, one of the interior watersheds in northwestern Persia. QOŠUN NASSEREDDIN PARVIN organ of the Iranian armed forces (qošun, arteš), published in Tehran, 1922-35, continued as Arteš to 1937. QOṬB-AL-DIN ḤAYDAR ZĀVI TAHSIN YAZICI a famous Sufi of Turkish origin. QOṬB-AL-DIN ŠIRĀZI SAYYED ʿABD-ALLĀH ANWĀR Persian polymath, Sufi, and poet (b. Shiraz, October 1236; d. Tabriz, 7 February 1311). QOTLOḠ TARKĀN ḴĀTUN KARIN QUADE-REUTTER the ruler of Kerman (R. 1257-83), she was enslaved during childhood and acquired by an old merchant from Isfahan, who raised her as his own daughter and provided her with an excellent education. QUAL CROSS-REFERENCE See BELDERČĪN. QUINCE CROSS-REFERENCE See BEH. QAMAR AL-MOLUK - MAGAR NASIM-E SAHAR MUSIC SAMPLE QAŠQĀ’I MUSIC SAMPLE Q~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS CROSS-REFERENCE list of all the figure and plate images in the letter Q entries. ______________________________________________________________________ _____ QADAMGĀH an ancient site at the southeastern tip of the Kuh-e Raḥmat, some 40 km south of the Persepolis. Its Persian name (“place of the footprints”) was explained to the 19th-century visitor as due to “the curious marks in the rocks, which are said to be the foot-prints of Ali’s horse.” The date generally accepted is the Achaemenid or the post-Achaemenid period. QADAMGĀH, an ancient site at the southeastern tip of the Kuh-e Raḥmat, some 40 km south of the Persepolis terrace (lat 29°43′10″ N, long 53°12′05″ E; Figure 1). Its Persian name (“place of the footprints”) was explained to the 19th-century visitor as due to “the curious marks in the rocks, which are said to be the foot-prints of Ali’s horse” (Wells, p. 143). The site can be reached straight from Persepolis along the western slope of the Kuh-e Raḥmat, but today more easily by a road along the eastern slope of the mountain. Two deep terraces 13.5 m in width are vertically cut, from the top of the mountain slope (of approximately thirty percent grade) down to the bottom, into the strata of decaying limestone. The two terraces have vertical rear walls and are linked by stairs on either side. There are no visible traces of built parts on these walls or on the floors of the terraces. Qadamgāh was first visited in 1881 by an English traveler, Capt. H. L. Wells (Royal Engineers), who published the unique plan and section available up to now (Wells, facing p.
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