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ABRIR TOME 1 André Bénit ABRIR TOME 1 André Bénit La guerre civile espagnole dans la littérature beige; Paul Nothomb: histoire, romans et mythe. ‘lome 2 Chapitre III: Les romanciers pro-nationalistes. Ch’apitre iV: Les romanciers anlifascisies. Chapitre V: Paul Nothomb (l<”-~ partie). Directeur: Dr Javier del Prado Biezma. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Filología. Departamento de Filología Francesa. Année 1996 Chapitre III. LFS ROMANCIERS PRO-NATIONALISTES. 1. JEAN DENIS. Ihécricien du rexisme’, idéologue olficiel du parti de Degrelle, Jean Denis en esi úgaleni cnt le spécialiste de 1’I¿spagne2. liii 1 937, luis les ‘Irois cliscours de José An lomo3 qu’i] trúduuí el CM )Iií Iii (2111(2, 1 ¾jII15 (iNhale V >11 admi 1311< u he ¿11(2 ci i úl 1 ai qnc ni r le Ñ nídaieu y de la 1’halange espagiioie. Ces discours, pranonrus re.spectix eniení les >9 nombre 1933, 19 mai et 17 nn embre 1935, formení, á son sens, “U-ois pierres míllénaires de la r<iute que suit l’Lspagne depuis le 1-4 a~ri1 1931 u de celle qu’elle trace depuis le 18 juillet 1 936”(pÁ) ). (~ue1ques brefs exiralís dii “liminaire” suffisent peur indiquer le ion passionné ci. l’esprií dii panégyrique: ¡ion nc peut comprendre ¡‘Espagne d’aujnurd’hui, melle qu’elle se forge elle- mérne en l’ardeur dc la guerro, si ¡‘en se tient á 1’écart du Ixtismo- qui l’anime. La sourcc de ce lyrisme ny, pour mieux dire, sa définition, ji faut la chereber auprés de José Antonio Primo de Rivera (p.5>. “Archange en\nyé par Dieu pour indiquer á 1’Espagne la vnie de son destin”, “neuvean Niníse qui conduisii son peuple jusqu’aux bords dc la Terre 1’romise”(p.7), “1’Absent” sil garder face au monde un regard limpide ci considéror ayer iranio los faux prnphémes gonilés dorgucil cm do latuuté, appormer dans la confusion générale des esprits cm des coeurs, ¡‘exactitude de la pensée ci l’allégrosso dun nouxoau stylo cm par 1=sauxer la jeunessc d’elle-rnéme cm dc Satan el sauver par elle l’Occident buí ontier (¡i.81. Dans ses cnmmentaires dithyrambiques, Jean Denis rappelle quelques-uns des événemenms qul ensanglantérení l’Lspagne depuis la proclamation de la Républ¡que, parmi lesqucís “le saulévemení séparatiste et marxiste d’Oetobre 1 esí 1’auteur des I’rincipos reNísLús oC des Ha sos dcct r¡naks de hoy, Bruxelles, lid. Res, 103 E,. 2 1:n 1 024, it seutint Á 11 niversilé de 1 ,,u’ain une thése de doctoraC Sur It romafl mauresque en Pspagt~e el en 1 ya nc. 1 ixils JÑ -<‘urs cJe Jose -Xc! m fi> tradul is el Comrnentes par lean Beni s, (1<ñIect fin pu lii ¿e a I’initiatise du Centre d’Iludes llispaniques, Renais, lid. Julien [.eherte-Delcour, 1037. 330 1934. Li la tragédio asturienne oti pour la promiéro fois los armes do l’Espagne durent s’opposcr aux armes do Moscou”(p. 10). D’omblée l’ennomi esí identifié. Terminant de “commenter” le troisiéme discours, Denis affirme que ce messago du 17 novembre 1935 lot-me par l’incandesccnce que fui donne aujourd’hui la réxolution nationale-syndicaliste le grand message de l’Espagnc á l’[Jnivers./ le message impérial de I’lispagne gui s’est retrouxéc “une mimé de destin dans l’iJnixcrs” <p.56). lannée suivanie, dans lino révolution dans ¡a guerret un pamphlem qu’iI date du 1<) man 1938, jour de la ide de J.isé Antonio, Jean Denis signale que I’e tir hi en comprendre ¡‘1 spagne d ‘dUjo tirol ji Cli, ¡Mi CI~ J\OI 1 CIlIO \ ue ilaile de Co Cf CII s’v passe ji Iaut dro soi-méme un révohutionnaire. Etre sur la mémo longucur d’ondcs. Avoir établi une concordante d’áme C’est le bum de cem opuscule d’aidor á diablir coite concordance. la Réxolumion I:spagnole? La vraie. La compléte. la bolle. C’esm dans l’Espagnc de Franco cm de la Phalange qu’elle s’accompLií aujourd’hui. Uno Révolution? C’esm-á-dire un changomenm de l’homme ci du monde (p.6>. Dans le chapino intitulé “ L’accomplissement do la promesse”, ¡1 reprend en détail la chronologie du moux’ement libérateur ci. rédempteur, depuis le 18 juillot 1936 jusqu’en mars 1938, et présente quelques-unes de sos reahsations “sociales el révolutionnaires”. En conclusion, ti oppose les deux réxolui.ions: Ce gui nous répugno chez los Soviets ce n’ost pas qu’ils aiont taim la Révolution mnais qu’iJs nc ¡‘alem pas falte. Lcurs pionniors axaient réxé, eux aussi, d’une Révolution Níajeure, gui changcrait l’hommc íout entier ci lis axaionm souufort pour ce révo. Mais l’homme, jis l’onm xoulu changer par en has, ci lis n’ont trouvé que la voie samaniqile qui conduil á 1’anéantissomont, á la négamion inmégrale. [..4. En face do la psoudo-révolumion marxismo, l’Espagne auiheníiquc accomphim á son tour une révolution majeure qul chango l’homme tout entior, mais par en haum -por arriba!- cm qui a trauvé la voio divino gui conduim á la xie, á [‘alñrniamion intégralo (pp.77-78). Le compie rendu que Léon-Louis Sosset lii. de col ouxrage pourrait s’appliquer á l’onsemble des écrii.s de Jean l)enis: “Ni. Joan Denis a cnu indispensable de nous faire part de son axis sur le conflit espagnol dans une brochure ini.ii.ulée “une jean Denis, no réxolution dans ¡a guerro, Renaix, íd. julien Leherte-I)eIcour, mars 1038. 331 Révolution dans la (Áuorre”. Quoique partageant l’opinion axani.ageuse qu’il se faii. du général Franco, je déploro améremeni. son manquo absolu d’objoci.ixii.é ci. do sons crii.iquo. Sos affirmations catégoriquos risquent fort de no persuador que les con\erns”>. Son Romancero 19386, Jean Denis le présonte commo un “aci.e de foi ot de réparation enxers lEspagne authenmiquo et immortelle”: Acto de foi dans los desminées do ce peuple que nous acons aimé dés notre jeunesse dans ¡a beaumé de son antigme Romancero. l...l. Acto de Ioi, de ¡idélimé incondimionnel le en~ers ¡oms nos <amarados pbalangistes gui oní écrit de ¡cuy sang (-emmo épopée ci q ni soifl mons no ti poi nC seule¡nenm peur icor Lspagne, nijis dUsSi peor notre i’8C1iC. (01111110 fl0Ci~ toCtCcs los Patrios do monde. Acto de réparamion ¡...] pour ce déshonneur gui s’atmache a noire pay s dont les maitres proxisoires cm décadonLs ont rompo íes pius heiles mradimions chevaleresques en méconnaissant grossiéremení La plus bolle causo du droim cm de la justice gui se soim présonmée au mondo dopuis des siéclos (p.8>. Fn composant ce recuei] de hanís faits d’armes nationalistes, bric-á-brac fallacieusement intitulé “Romancero”7, laumeur déclare 31oir principalemeni. recherché l’évocation d’un climai. mora]. A i.ravers les nombreux i.oxi.os quil présente comme trés différenís par lemir ton, le lien et le mor cnt de leur action -de simples traducdons on des rocomposii.ions d’aprés des sources diversos-, il inxii.e lo lecteur á découxrir “coite unité, cetie grandeur ci cetie liberté d’áme qui osí aujourd’hui la grande le~on espagnole”(p.1O). Le projet de cei.te compilation, Jean Denis semble l’a\oir concu en lisani. un petit épisode de cetio nouvelle épopéo moderne: l’histoire dun simple soldat naxarrais délogeanm los rougos d’une créte d’oti ils dominaient la plaine lul romit en mémoire un podme épique dans lequol don Alonso de Aguilar se portait voloníaire pour plani.er létendard sang et or do la reine Isabelle la Catholique au sommei. de lAlpujarra occupé par les Maures: Vieux romances d’Lspagno! Combien d’entre eux peuvení étre chantés á nouxeau sans qu’il y failie non changer! I...I. Espagne éiernelie. lispagne incorrigibie de ma splendour idéaiiste! Au menips jadis iis criaient dans íes batailies de la Reconqudmo: Cierra España! ~ 1.ñon-lnuis 9¾.>sseC La Re~ue naúonale, n”i1 6-1 1?, 15 juillet-15 oút ¡038 6 joan Denis, Romancero ¡ 038, Bruxelles, lid. RoN, CoIlecli(,n nationale s.j. ¡ In -hoisissanm re CiCre, sans doute Jean Deni s prétendait—i1 concurrenc-er le Romancero general cJe la guerra de ¡5.spaña publié en 1 937 á l’initiative de ‘Uliance des lniellecCuels .\ntilasci Yes. 332 Aujourd’hui dans íes batailles moumes pareilles dimo semblable Reconqiéte jIs crient: Arriba España! Rien na changé et lEspagno, au delá di cataclysme, se retrouve intacto en la fulgurante pureté do son Romancero. Un nouveau romancero par quoi elle inaugure un nouveau “Siécled’or’ (pp.1O-l¿). Dans le premier chapitre, “Epopée andalouse”, Jean Denis reproduil. parmi d’autres le récit de Queipo de llano, “lo conquistador”, raconi.ani. par le menu conamont ¡1 sempara asmucieusemenm do Séxille alors ¿mx mains des “soixanme-dix mille marxistes, anarcho-sxndicalistes et communistes, armés par Nloscou pour lo brigandage ci. poir la guerro cixile”(pp 5 1-St Aprés une Courle introduction resumanl le ¡-ole essentiel joué par ce n )U\ eau ‘<-arnpeadí>r” cLios le clestin di l’Lspagne, il présenme la derniére des “charlas’ prononude le 6 féxrier 1938 par le célébre général a’a peuple sévillan. Le deuxiéme chapitre, Denis le consacre au “mirado de l’armada” ci. á la situation morale ci. matérielle do la marine de guerro espagnole, “entiérement á la merci dii [rente Popular’(p.79), an moment du soulévement: alors que les authentiques vot-tus nationalos et l’amour de la Patrie demeuraienm intaci.es dans le haut commandement et lo corps d’officior~, “ les équipages étaient corrompus par la “ropagande communiste”(p.79); aprés l’épopée des marins de l’arsenal di Ferrol, l’exploit.
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  • Rvij1,Y, 1937 I, ) : Bja U.S.A
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