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Universitas Indonesia Dinamika Persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 2 UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA DINAMIKA PERSENJATAAN INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA : STUDI TENTANG PENINGKATAN KAPABILITAS MILITER INDONESIA BERKAITAN DENGAN KONFLIK AMBALAT (2006-2010) TESIS GITA NADYA HERDIANI 0906589785 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK PROGRAM PASCASARJANA HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL JAKARTA JUNI 2012 Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 v KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah hirobbil ‘alamin Dengan ini saya mengucapkan puji syukur kepada Allah SWT atas kesempatan dan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan penelitian berjudul Dinamika Persenjataan Malaysia dan Indonesia: Studi tentang Peningkatan Kapabilitas Militer Indonesia Berkaitan Dengan Konflik Ambalat (2006-2010) ini tepat pada waktu yang telah ditentukan. Sebuah karya yang berupaya menganalisis peningkatan kapabilitas militer indonesia sehubungan dengan adanya konflik Ambalat. Saya menyadari bahwa penyelesaian tesis ini tidak mungkin tercapai tanpa pihak-pihak yang telah banyak membantu dan membimbing. Oleh karena itu, perkenankanlah saya untuk menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya dan sedalam-dalamnya kepada: 1) Bapak Dr. Fredy BL. Tobing, selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah berkenan meluangkan waktu, tenaga, membagi ilmu serta memberikan masukan di dalam tesis ini. 2) Bapak Dr. Makmur Keliat, selaku Ketua Program Pascasarjana Hubungan Internasional Universitas Indonesia, yang telah memberikan penulis kesempatan dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 3) Kedua orang tua penulis, Ir. Hermawan, MSi, dan Dra. Dyna SA, MM atas doa dan kasih sayang dan semangat tanpa henti serta kepercayaan bahwa penulis pasti bisa melalui tesis ini dengan baik. Tidak ada daya bagi penulis tanpa ridho papa dan mama. 4) Seluruh jajaran Staf Pengajar pada Departemen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional S2 FISIP UI, mbak Asra, mbak Riris, Pak Hariyadi, Mas Andi, dan lainnya. 5) Seluruh jajaran Staf Sekretariat S2 FISIP UI Salemba, terutama untuk mba Ice dan Pak Udin. Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 vi 6) Kedua adik penulis yang sangat penulis sayangi , Geni Fitria H (geyaa baa) dan Garin Indra H (kaka galiiin), terima kasih atas dukungan dan keceriaan kalian sangat membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 7) My Daniel, teman berbagi, sahabat, partner kerja yang selalu mendukung dan menemani penulis. Terimakasih untuk semua bentuk perhatian dan kasih sayang yang diberikan kepada penulis, hal tersebut sangat berperan besar dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. 8) Sepupu-sepupu ku yang sudah membantu menyelesaikan tesis ini, utk yang di depok, Rindayu Resti, bos Berry, Rizkia dan yg lainnya. 9) Keluarga Besar H. Saeful Bachri. Wa Hera, Pak De Joko, Bi Ilin, Om Bambang, Wa Adenan. 10) Keluarga Besar H. Sasmita Atmadja. Terutama untuk mama Lilis, mama neneng, dan papa dokter. 11) Sahabat terbaiku, Regia Mediana yang sangat membantu saya untuk masih bisa tertawa disaat stress dan panik dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 12) Seluruh jajaran Staf Kementrian Pertahanan RI yang sudah membantu penulis dalam penyelesaian tesis ini, 13) Seluruh jajaran Staf TNI-AD, TNI-AL, TNI-AU yang sudah membantu penulis baik dalam diskusi informasi data yang diberikan kepada penulis. 14) Teman-teman terbaik Angkatan 18 S2-HI Universitas Indonesia yang selalu menyemangati satu sama lain agar dapat menyelesaikan tesis bersama-sama. The Charlie’s Angels (Abbas, Haura, Fifi), Kaori, Putra, Awi, Banda, Dudi, Fanny, Gadis, Andrew, dan rekan-rekan lainnya. 15) Karyawan terbaik ku, Olivia, Bella, Fanny, mba Ira, terimakasih telah banyak membantu saya disaat saya sibuk menyelesaikan tesis ini, kalian dapat dipercaya untuk menjaga mata pencaharian saya yang sangat berarti. Semoga ke depan nya kita akan semakin sukses, karena saya selalu ingat bahwa dimana ada perusahaan yang besar selalu berawal dari yang kecil. 16) Angkatan 19 S2-HI Universitas Indonesia yang menemani penulis di semester akhir perkuliahan. Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 vii 17) Seluruh teman-teman di Kota Kinabalu dan Kuala Lumpur, terimakasih sudah memberikan saya perasaan feels like home selama saya berada disana. 18) Semua teman-teman SMP, SMU, S1 HI UNPAD, Batch 16 Air Asia Crew, yang sangat banyak sehingga tdk bisa disebutkan satu persatu. 19) Keluarga, teman-teman, sahabat-sahabat, serta rekan-rekan lain yang tidak mungkin saya sebutkan satu persatu di dalam kesempatan ini. Saya berharap semoga Allah SWT berkenan memberkati dan membalas kebaikan bagi semua pihak yang telah membantu. Saya menyadari bahwa karya berjudul Dinamika Persenjataan Malaysia dan Indonesia : Studi tentang Peningkatan Kapabilitas Militer Indonesia Berkaitan Dengan Konflik Ambalat (2006-2010) ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Saya memiliki harapan besar banyaknya masukan dan kritikan yang tentunya akan semakin mengembangkan gagasan dalam tulisan ini. Dengan demikian kata pengantar ini saya akhiri. Semoga tesis ini bermanfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan Jakarta 15 Juni 2012 Gita Nadya Herdiani Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 viii UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL PROGRAM PASCASARJANA Gita Nadya Herdiani 0906589785 _______________________________________________________________ ABSTRAK Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dan mengetahui peningkatan kapabilitas militer Indonesia dimulai dari periode tahun 2006 hingga tahun 2010 sehubungan dengan adanya konflik Ambalat pada tahun tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang membuat Indonesia meningkatkan kapabilitas militer nya, pemahaman dan penjabaran yang terjadi seputar konflik Ambalat yang menjadi tolak ukur penulis dalam menganalisa peningkatan kapabilitas militer Indonesia. Lalu berlanjut pada melihat dan mengukur sejauh mana kapabilitas militer antara Indonesia dan Malaysia, dan melihat seberapa besar pengaruh dari kapabilitas militer Malaysia dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan militer Indonesia serta menganalisa sejauh mana dinamika persenjataan diantara kedua negara tersebut.Melihat kapabilitas militer dari segi alutsista (alat utama sistem senjata), anggaran pertahanan, dan manpower. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan studi dokumen yang berkaitan dinamika persenjataan Indonesia-Malaysia 2006 hingga 2008. Penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa strategi deterrence yang dilakukan Indonesia merupakan upaya untuk mengimbangi kekuatan militer Malaysia dengan melakukan peningkatan kapabilitas militernya. Dinamika Persenjataan dari kedua negara dapat dianalisis melalui Action-Reaction model yang merupakan salah satu model dari “The Arms Dynamic” dimana dalam penelitian ini akan dibuktikan ke arah mana kecenderungan dari dinamika persenjataan diantara kedua negara dan implikasi nya bagi Indonesia dengan menggunakan tiga indikator yaitu Timing, Magnitude, dan Awarness. Dampak positif konflik Ambalat bagi Indoneisa adalah langkah awal Indonesia menjalankan modernisasi militernya agar bisa mencapai kekuatan militer minimum yang bisa menjaga setiap wialayah Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Kapabilitas militer, dinamika persenjataan, arms buid-up, ambalat, alutsista, perlombaan senjata, deterrence, modernisasi militer, Action-Reaction model, Timing, Magnitude, dan Awarness Dinamika persenjataan..., Gita Nadya Herdiani, FISIP UI, 2012 ix THE UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM Gita Nadya Herdiani 0906589785 __________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The main focus of this research is to observe the improvement of Indonesian’s military capabilities starting from the period 2006 through 2010 in connection with Ambalat’s conflict. At first, this research is explaining the factors that make Indonesia improves their military capabilities, understanding and elaboration that occur around the conflict that because of Ambalat’s conflict, authors analyze the increasing military capabilities in Indonesia. Then continue to observe and measure the arms build-up between Indonesia and Malaysia, and observe the influences factors of military capabilities may affect the arms build-up between Malaysia- Indonesia and analyze the extent the arms dynamic between the two countries military capabilities analyzed in accordance defense equipment, major equipment systems weapons, the defense budget, and manpower. This research is descriptively conducted by studying documents related to the arms dynamic of Indonesia-Malaysia between the period of 2006 to 2010. This research revealed that the strategy of deterrence made Indonesia an attempt to counte rbalance the military power of Malaysia by arms build-up on their military capabilities. The arms dynamics of the two countries can be analyzed through the Action-Reaction model which in this research will reveal which way in the arms dynamic between the two countries and observe the implications for Indonesia using three indicators, Timing , Magnitude, and Awarness. The positive impact of the Ambalat conflict for Indonesia is making their first step to run their arms build-up and military modernization in order to achieve the minimum force that can stabilized of every teritory in Indonesia. Key Concept : Capability of militer, The arms dynamic,
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