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Saab_0249_Submarine_annons_210x297.indd 1 2019-01-11 08:47 CAONTENTSRTIKKEL CONTENTS: HX PROGRAM Editor-in-Chief: 2 Five contenders for the Finland´s next fighter M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Poland buys F-35

SPACE TECHNOLOGY 5 NAMMO believes in hybrid rocket motors EUROPE NEEDS TO BOOST THEIR DEFENCE BUDGETS, REGARDLESS OF FSI WHO WINS THIS FALL’S PRESIDENTIAL 7 Norwegian Defence and Security industries ELECTION IN THE USA association

The Munich Security Conference 2020 held in February clearly showed BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, that security policy has become much more of a challenge. Not least, INDUSTRY AND TRADE the relations between the USA and the NATO countries in Europe have 17 Remote Weapons Stations to Switzerland taken on a new order of complexity. 18 Hycopter Hydrogen-Electric UAV Virtually every POTUS since the 1970’s has said that Europe needs to carry a greater part of the financial defence burden of the 20 51 “K9 Thunder” to the Indian Army NATO alliance. And even though Donald Trump has “modernised” the 19 No Bradley replacement diplomatic language to quite an extent, the key message remains the 21 Gremlins program 1st Flight Test for X-61A Vehicle same. That said, many of the European nations have demonstrated 24 Germany needs a bigger and stronger Army reluctance to achieve the NATO goal of defence budgets to the tune of 25 South Korea and Poland into joint tank development? 2 % of the gross national product by 2024. For some of the countries, 26 JLTVs order it is evident that this target will not be met. It may seem that many are hoping that Trump will fail in his re-election campaign, for the situation 27 942 trucks for Romanian Armed Forces to revert to “normal”, i.e. “USA pays for the security of Europe.” But even if Trump is replaced, the demand for bigger European SPAAG defence budgets will not be going away. 28 Finland’s marksman The USA has other factors than Europe and NATO to relate to. The USA is also committed to countries along the Pacific rim, such as CV90 Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines, and in these areas, 30 New capacities for the CV90 China is stepping up to become a very challenging military power. For

year 2000 the Chinese GNP was 1181 bn USD, while the USA produced B-52 a GNP of 10,147 bn USD. For the year of 2018 the Chinese GNP had grown to 13,184 bn USD, while the USA had grown to a GNP of 20,562 32 “The old King of the sky” bUSD. The figures show that while the American GNP just over doubled in the period, the Chinese GNP went up by a factor of 11 times. For comparison, Russia had a GNP for 2018 of some 1501 bn USD. The numbers show that in the current climate, it is China, and not Russia, that has the fiscal strength to build a military force to challenge the USA. And both the Chinese economy and its military capacity is Coverphoto: Two German Air Force expected to keep growing over the years to come. Eurofighter Typhoons It is easy for Europe to dismiss China as being too far away. But deploying decoy flares today, the security of Europe is heavily dependent on the American on a training mission over Northern Germany. armed forces. And while the US military capacities are massive, they Eurofighter is one of the are far from infinite. When the areas in the Eastern Pacific region candidates for Finland´s new fighter. demand a greater share of the military resources, the US will need Photo: Dr. Stefan Petersen, to prioritise. And for Washington, the answer is simple: The US allies Luftwaffe / Eurofighter will need to contribute more. Not just because the US taxpayers are no longer willing to pay indefinitely for other nations’ security, but also because the USA on its own simply does not have the resources to be the security guarantor both in Europe and around the Pacific the way the world is developing today.

PB MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 1 HX FIGHTER PROGRAMME FIVE CONTENDERS FOR THE FINLAND´S NEXT FIGHTER Finland’s HX fighter programme to replace the Finnish Air The supplier will be chosen based on five components: the military capa- Force’s F/A-18 C/D Hornet has entered its evaluation phase. bilities of the fighter jet, the security of Five contenders are in the competition;, with the country set ­supply, industrial co-operation, acquisition to evaluate entrants from Eurofighter, Boeing F/A-18 Super and life-cycle costs, and the security and Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Lockheed Martin F-35A and Saab ­defence policy ramifications of the acquisi- tion. Of these five components, the mili- Gripen. The contract is expected to be awarded in late 2021. tary capabilities of the fighter will be the primary component of the evaluation. n 1992, the Finnish government and onwards. The new fighters are planned placed an order for 64 McDonnell to enter service as the old Hornets are Five contenders IDouglas F/A-18 C/D Hornet fighters, phased out, and will be delivered through Following a Request for Information (RFI) and the aircraft entered Finnish service be- until 2030. sent to the UK, France, Sweden and the tween in 1995 and 2000. Finland selected The exact number of new fighters is US, Finland now faces a choice between the Hornet to replace its ageing Saab Draken not yet settled, but the goal of the project the Boeing Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, and MiG-21bis. As of today Finland´s Air is to replace the ageing fighter jet fleet with Lockheed Martin F-35A, Saab Gripen and Force has 62 F-18 Hornets in its inventory, up to 64 multi-role fighter jets that meet the Eurofighter Typhoon. 55 F/A-18 C and 7 F/A-18 D. The F/A-18C the requirements of the operating environ- is the single-seat variant and the F/A-18D ment. Finland´s government set in October Boeing Super Hornet is the two-seat variant. last year a 10 billion-euro budget for the The Super Hornet can engage threats The Finnish two-seaters were built acquisition. across air, land and sea, and is one of the in the United States by McDonnell Douglas, The suppliers must put together world´s most proven and affordable multi- which later merged with Boeing, while the a package that meets the performance role fighters. single-seat aircraft were assembled at the requirements within the maximum bud- As a Finland already operates the Patria Finavitec facility in Finland. get set for the project. The package must Hornet fighters, a large amount of infra­ include not only the aircraft, but also the structure needed to support a fleet of ­Super The HX fighter program other technical systems, training systems, Hornets is already in place. With many ex- Finland started its HX fighter program in necessary maintenance equipment, testing isting industry partners in Finland already 2015, to find a replacement for the ageing equipment and spare parts, as well as up and running, it would be ­possible to fleet of F/A-18 C/D Hornets. The Hornets weapons, sensors and other type-specific perform assembly of the aircraft or compo- are set to start being phased out from 2025 support functions. nents in the country. Boeing offers Finland the latest Super Hornet version, the Block III ­Super Hornet. The Block III adds capability ­upgrades that include enhanced network capability and processor, longer range, ­reduced radar signature, advanced cock- pit system, enhanced communications system, as well as the life of the airframe being extended from 6,000 hours to 10,000 hours. In addition, Boeing also offers ­Finland the F/A-18 Growler, the electronic warfare version of the F/A-18.

Dassault Rafale In late January, two Rafale aircraft from the French Air Force arrived in Finland for its turn at evaluations in the cold. The aircraft is the main fighter of the French Air Force and is also used by several foreign customers including ­India, Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet block III. The Block III adds capability upgrades that include enhanced Egypt and Qatar. The aircraft comes in a network capability, longer range and reduced radar signature. Ill. Boeing number of variants including a carrier

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Finnish F/A-18 Hornet Fighter (top) and a Swedish Gripen. The Finnish Hornets are set to being phased out from 2025 and onwards. Photo: Finland´s Air Force

fighter. Finland has been offered the­Rafale C aircraft; a twin-seater Rafale B is also available which can be used for training and more intensive missions. According to Finnish media, ­Dassault has offered Finland the ability to operate the aircraft independently from France with the potential for the airframes to be assembled in the country if so de- sired.

Lockheed Martin F-35A Lockheed Martin describes the F-35A Joint Strike Fighter as the ‘best choice for ­Finland’ citing the fighter’s advanced fea- tures and ever-decreasing price tag. Lockheed Martin says that it will support Finnish security of supply for According to Finnish media, Dassault has offered that the airframes can be assembled in Finland. the fighter by establishing maintenance The photo displays a French Rafale in Mali, 2013. Photo: Capt. J Smith/ US Air Force facilities in the country, and by maintain- ing an adequate level of ‘materiel stock in partnership opportunities and cost-­sharing ing operations and threat scenarios very country’.­ ability, which would also help to reduce similar to those in Finland. It is built for Lockheed also touts the large through-life costs. The aircraft is set to road-base operations, harsh climate and ­international user base of the F-35 as a po- ­operate long into this century, with its easy maintenance by conscript mechanics. tential advantage of the fighter, increasing ­service life projected through to 2070. A number of countries already use interoperability with several of Finland’s the Gripen, including Sweden, Hungary ­allies both in Europe and across the world. Saab Gripen and the Czech Republic. The company says use of the air- Saab points out that Gripen has been Saab is offering the E/F variant craft within Europe is a means to increase ­designed from the start for the challeng- which features an advanced electronic

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warfare package designed to detect threats formance can be verified under Finnish and sensors in the Finnish operating en- before they locate the aircraft. conditions and through tests designed in vironment. The testing event will evaluate In addition to a substantial weapon ­Finland. This procedure guarantees that the multi-role fighters and their systems on and sensor package as well as the necessary the performance of each candidate’s sys- the ground and in the air, and at take-off equipment and associated services need- tems and aircraft can be evaluated fairly. and landing. Each candidate got five work- ed for operating the system, the offer to This way, it will be possible to ­assess ing days to demonstrate its ­performance in ­Finland includes the GlobalEye AEW&C the performance of the aircraft, systems Finland. system m which brings Finnish situational awareness to a whole new, strategic level. The Saab offer includes transfer of maintenance, repair and overhaul capa- bilities to local industry, production of air- craft and an establishment of a Gripen and ­GlobalEye sustainment and development centre in Finland.

Eurofighter Typhoon Eurofighter has offered Finland the chance to join Europe’s largest combat aircraft pro- gramme in an updated proposal to the HX fighter acquisition programme. The proposal has been submitted by the UK Government with the support A Gripen E during the HX Challange. The Swedish Saab Gripen is designed for operations under harsh of the governments of Germany, Italy and winter conditions Photo: Saab/ M. Hult Spain, the nations which are represented in the Eurofighter industry consortium. There are close to 500 Eurofighters­ in Europe, and the fighter has demon- strated its capability to operate in the most difficult and demanding of conditions. Finland has been offered the Eurofighter Tranche 3. By choosing Eurofighter, Finland will gain sovereign control of its defence capability and security of supply as well as a combat proven, swing-role aircraft which will form the backbone of European ­defence for decades to come.

HX Challenge The HX Challenge testing and evaluation event for HX fighter candidates has been held in Pirkkala/Tampere Air Force base in Finland this winter. The HX Challenge A Norwegian F-35 fighter. Norway and Denmark have both chosen the F-35 from Lockheed Martin has been held so that each candidate’s per- Photo Torbjørn Kjosvold/FMS

POLAND TO PURCHASE­ THE TEST PERIODS FOR 32 F-35 AIRCRAFT THE AIRCRAFT WERE AS FOLLOWS The Polish Defence Ministry has signed the pating nations are the US, Belgium, Denmark, formal letter of offer and acceptance with the Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Eurofighter Typhoon: US Air Force (USAF) to purchase 32 Lockheed the UK. 9 – 17 January 2020 Martin F-35 Lightning II fighter jets. At present, the Polish Air Force operates Rafale: 20 – 28 January 2020 The signing of the deal to purchase the F-35 a fleet of F-16 Fighting Falcons and legacy Gripen: 29 January – 6 February 2020 fighter jets for $4.6bn was confirmed by ­Mig-29s and Su-22s. F-35: 7 – 17 February 2020 ­Defence Minister Mariusz Blaszczak last F/A-18 Super Hornet: month. The F-35 will replace the legacy aircraft, 18 – 26 February 2020 giving the Air force interoperability with NATO Poland is the ninth member of the European allies. The HX Programme does not publicly F-35 User’s Group, and the first in Eastern comment on the performance, test results, Europe to shift to the F-35. The other partici- special characteristics or specific details of the candidates.

4 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 SPACE TECHNOLOGYARTIKKEL NAMMO BELIEVES IN HYBRID ROCKET MOTORS

The missiles of the future will fly a lot faster than those of today. The headache is that both Russia and China are developing and testing new, long-range and faster missiles. To meet the challenge, the NATO nations are working on the development of counter­ measures in the form of new missile systems, but they need something to practice against in order to test whether the new Western missiles are up to the task. Almost as if on cue, NAMMO is ready with the newly developed hybrid rocket Nucleus. Origi- nally ­developed as a scientific probe rocket, it may in due course find its way into the Western arsenals.

By Tor Husby

or defence purposes as a military practice target, the NAMMO ­hybrid Frocket motor technology is ideally suited, says Onno Verberne, VP for NAMMO Business Development Space, to Militær Teknikk. The advantages of missiles and rockets using hybrid fuels is that one can pre-program how fast or how far they should fly. With a technical term, this is called thrust adjustment, something that is hard to accomplish with missiles on solid fuels, which have but a single set- ting. ­Using hybrid rocket motor technology makes it possible to equip the rocket with new functions that can be adapted to vary- ing tasks.

Nucleus flies Hybrid rockets are still some way short of the market. However, the demonstration firing of Nucleus from the Andøya test centre in September 2018 represented an At the launch of Nucleus from the Andøya test centre in September 2018.

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important step forward. Nucleus, which is ­already been identified as a military ­target a single-stage rocket, reached an altitude and a scientific probe rocket. With the of 107,4 kms. The border against space planned improvements, the price will also is the von Karman-line, located 100 kms become more competitive. above the Earth surface. This was not just the first rocket propelled by a Norwe- Hybrid joys are coming gian motor­ design to reach into space; it Mr. Verberne would like to see the NAMMO was also the first European hybrid rocket technology used in the development of ­motor to do so for more than 50 years. The ­tomorrow’s missiles, while he is fully aware Nucleus ­firing was an unmitigated success, that there is still in general limited military and it carried a scientific payload that was interest in moving away from the well- successfully deployed at the right altitude, known solid-fuel motor to the adoption which meant the task was completed. of lesser-known hybrid missile technology.­ Verberne adds: This means we have He is nevertheless a believer that there a fully new situation. At Andøya, NAMMO will be a great future for NAMMO’s inven- demonstrated that its hybrid rocket motor tion for tactical use. The Raufoss-based technology can compete on performance company is trying to persuade one of its with solid fuel rockets, and can therefore strategic customers to finance a test firing replace these in scientific probe rockets and of its hybrid motor on a tactical platform as a military target. The rocket engine de- in order to prove this. But at any rate: If sign is completed, but there are still some things proceed the way NAMMO wants, improvements to the rocket vehicle design the company can start series production of to be gained by refining some components hybrid rockets for scientific purposes and that are somewhat over-dimensioned, and as a military target before long. His vision can be trimmed down to save weight. is to have the rocket production located in Onno Verberne is NAMMO’s primus motor in the hybrid effort For today’s version, an initial market­ has Norway.

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N o rw e g i a n D e f e n c e a nd S e c u r i t y I nd u s t r i e s A ss o c i at i o n (FSi) THE LEADING ASSOCIATION IN NORWAY ADVOCATING THE INTERESTS OF ITS SECTOR, AND THE PRIMARY INTERLOCUTOR FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN MATTERS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE INDUSTRY. AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEDERATION OF NORWEGIAN ENTERPRISE (NHO) AND REPRESENTING MORE THAN 100 COMPANIES

NORGE MÅ MED I DET EUROPEISKE FORSVARSFONDET

ersom Norge skal delta Etableringen av det euro- blir stående utenfor vil det til å samarbeide om utvikling av i europeisk forsvars- peiske forsvarsfondet er en real­ ­vesentlig svekke vår posisjon i nytt forsvarsmateriell. Dette er Dmateriellsamarbeid itet. Diskusjonen i EU dreier det europeiske markedet. Det vil en klar indikasjon på at Europa og norsk forsvarsindustri skal seg nå om størrelsen på fondet. være svært ødeleggende. er i ferd med å legge til rette for fortsette å være en del av den Dette vil bli avklart i forbin- Virksomheter helt eller at utvikling av forsvarsmateriell europeiske forsvarsindustrien, er delse med EUs langtidsbudsjett delvis kontrollert av forsvars- i fremtiden vil foregå i samar- det avgjørende at Norge deltar i som vedtas til høsten. EU har leverandører med hovedkvarter i beidsprosjekter. Mange av disse det europeiske forsvarsfondet. bestemt at forordningen som Norge har om lag 5000 ansatte i prosjektene, som i betydelig grad Blir Norge ikke blir med, kan etablerer fondet er EØS-relevant EU. Disse virksomhetene omset- er relevante for Norge og norsk forsvarsindustriens posisjon i og legger til grunn at EØS-land ter for nærmere 1 mrd EUR pr. forsvarsindustri, er aktuelle kandi­ det europeiske markedet bli ves- skal kunne delta i fondet på til- år. Dersom Norge ikke deltar i dater for finansiering fra fondet. entlig svekket og våre muligheter nærmet samme betingelser som fondet er det også usikkert om, Uten norsk deltagelse i EDF vil til å delta i europeiske samar- EUs medlemsland. og i hvilken grad, disse virksom- i praksis Norges muligheter til beidsprosjekter forsvinne. Det europeiske forsvars- hetene kan delta i prosjekter som delta i disse prosjektene være Regjeringen skal snart ta markedet er viktig for forsvars­ finansieres med midler fra det svært begrenset. Det betyr også stilling til hvilke forsknings­ industrien. Mer enn 30% av europeiske forsvarsfondet. Det at mulighetene for å påvirke programmer i EU Norge skal delta eksporten av forsvarsmateriell kan ytterligere bidra til å svekke ytelser og krav til nytt materiell i i perioden 2021-2027. EU leg- fra Norge går til EU. Det er bred norsk forsvarsindustri. slik at det er best mulig egnet for ger opp til å sette av et betydelig politisk enighet om at eksporten Utvikling av nytt forsvars­ Forsvarets behov blir svært små. beløp til det europeiske forsvars­ av forsvarsmateriell fra Norge materiell er svært ressurskrev- Norsk deltagelse i EDF er fondet. Dette innebærer en må økes dersom industrien skal ende. Selv de største europeiske avgjørende for Norges mulig­ satsning i EU på forsvar generelt kunne styrke og videreutvikle nasjonene er ikke lengre i stand heter til å forbli en del av det og FOU på forsvarsteknologi en nasjonal forsvarsindustri til å ta frem de mest avanserte europeiske forsvarsmateriells- spesielt. Det er en forutsetning som er avgjørende for forsvar- og komplekse forsvarssystem- marbeidet og for norsk fors- at midlene som fondet skal sevnen og som bidrar til verdi­ ene på egen hånd. I økende varsindustris fremtid som en del ­bidra med kommer i tillegg til skapning, industriell utvikling grad går utviklingen i retning av en europeisk forsvarsindustri. nasjonenes­ forsvarsbudsjetter og ­arbeidsplasser i hele landet. Å av at stadig flere typer materiell Å delta i EDF er derfor en invester- slik at det blir en reell styrking av delta i EDF vil bidra til dette. En og systemer utvikles i samar- ing som gjør det mulig for Norge forsvaret i EU-nasjonene.­ Fondet rapport utarbeidet av konsulent- beidsprosjekter. Innenfor det å delta med påvirkningsmulighet- vil dermed også bidra til at de av selskapet BDO på oppdrag fra såkalte PESCO-samarbeidet,­ der er i europeiske utviklingsprosjekter EU-landene som er NATO med- Forsvarsdepartementet konklud- de fleste medlemslandene­ i EU og det vil være avgjørende for lemmer ytterligere nærmer seg erer med at norsk deltagelse i deltar, er det nå oppnådd enighet norsk forsvarsindustris fremtidige NATOs mål om å bruke 2% av EDF vil være samfunnsøkono- om til sammen 47 prosjekter der adgang til det europeiske fors- BNP på forsvar. misk lønnsomt. Dersom Norge medlemsland har forpliktet seg varsmarkedet.

P.O. Box 5250 Majorstuen, Tel: + 47 23 08 80 00 E-mail: [email protected] NO- 0303 Oslo. NORWAY Telefax: + 47 23 08 80 18 Internet: www.fsi.no

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should not cause major changes with among others the FFI, PROGRAM for the industry. Kongsberg and BAE systems. The Program Conference Even though what we can Land also let some industry offer will be valuable to the CONFERENCE companies give a presentation ­users, we have also experi- of themselves. One of the com- enced how hard it can be for a LAND SYSTEMS panies that did so was Augmenti small business to break through AS, a small, Trondheim-based the barriers. Since our start- The Program Conference for Land Systems technology company. Augmenti up in 2007, we have managed was held towards the late November last year. is a developer of so-called AR to ­secure some development (Argumented Reality) solutions. funds, while our chief challenge As for previous years, also the 2019 conference AR blends reality and virtual has been to achieve financing was well visited, with much the same number objects using advanced visuali- for something the world has of visitors as the 2018 event. sation technology. never yet seen, said Solhaug in – There are many promis- conclusion. rigadier Morten Eggen Defence will assume a more ing areas in the defence sphere reviewed the investment overseeing function, with the where AR can and should be Bplans of the Army for the responsibility for strategic plan- utilised. For one thing, we are next few years. In the course of ning and follow-through. working on the visualisation of 2019, some 1.8 bnok has been – We have tested the new information from the battlefield invested in land systems, and model by way of simulation directly into the aim of the Pro- the investments will increase exercises together with the tector weapons station currently steadily through the coming ­Defence Research Establish- used in the CV 90 ­armoured years. Among the bigger projects ment FFi, and we are expect- combat vehicles for the Army. in the pipeline, Eggen noted ing to implement the new AR will provide the vehicle battle vehicles, long-range firing model during 2020. I believe it crews with enhanced situation- systems, as well as UAV’s. is realistic­ to simplify the pro- al grasp, and thereby added And Eggen emphasised that curement processes, so we can fighting power and improved time is of the essence; we need make them run more smoothly survivability, says the General these capabilities right now. and efficiently than today. We Manager for Augmenti AS, Lars This presents us with two chal- should accomplish this if all Inge Solhaug, adding that work Brigadier Ivar Omsted from the lenges, namely the sourcing of parties contribute, said Omsted is currently going on to test out Ministry of Defence presented the new materiel and the disposal of in conclusion, while noting what we have developed. We new investment model for the Armed Forces. Photo: MilitærTeknikk the materiel being phased out. that the new investment model are doing this in collaboration Eggen also noted that from the Armed Forces’ point of view, it would be preferable to avoid the extensive mid-life updates to the materiel. We would to a greater extent go for several smaller updates, so that we can maintain the capacities at an even and high level throughout the lifespan of the materiel. Brigadier Ivar Omsted of the Ministry of Defence used his address to pick up the issue­ of faster procurement pro- cesses during his presentation of a new investment model for the defence. The goal for the new model is to achieve more rapid decisions and to speed up the implementation process. Among other issues, the Chief of Defence will gain a greater and more clearly ­defined area of responsibility for future ­investments. It will also fall to the Chief of Defence to pro- The program conference also afforded some businesses the opportunity to show themselves off. pose which investments are to From the left, Christian Aalborg of the NFM Group, Lars Inge Solhaug from Augmenti AS and Rune Johansen from Alfa be prioritised. The Ministry of Solution AS. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

8 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) POLISH-NORWEGIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY SEMINAR

For quite some time, Poland has been one are naturally demands of costs, concerned, and in 2018, the of the NATO countries to show the greatest delivery schedules and timing. Polish export of defence prod- Also, Frommholz adds, there ucts represented a value of ­increase in their defence budgets. In December, will be a further requirement some 487 million Euros. The the FSi joined forces with their counterparts that Polish industry must be in- most important export markets in the defence administration of Poland to volved in the projects. include the USA, EU, South arrange a seminar on collaboration between America and the African coun- Polish Defence Industry­ tries south of the Sahara, with Poland and Norway. More than 40 delegates Poland’s defence industry con- the most significant product came to the Oslo Military Society to gain extra sists of some 60 key business- areas including aviation tech- insight into Polish defence policies, defence es using a total of about 800 nology, vehicles and protective industry, and the opportunities for defence subcontractors, and the Polish equipment. ­defence industry offers a wide During the Polish-Norwegian industry cooperation between Norway and and sophisticated portfolio seminar, both Norwegian and Poland over the years to come. of services and products. The Polish businesses had the chance industry has seen considerable to present themselves. A total s early as 2016, Poland up to 2035 to spend no less development over recent years, of 24 companies availed them- achieved the expressed than 135 billion USD on renew- not least as far as exports are selves of this opportunity. ANATO target that the als and upgrading. member nations should have a - The modernisation defence budget corresponding ­encompasses every part of the to 2 percent of the gross ­national Polish armed forces, said Colonel product. But the growth of the Robert Frommholz, also from Polish defence budget has con- the Polish National Ministry of tinued steadily, and in 2020, Defence, citing projects such as the Polish defence budget will the procurement of F-35 fighter amount to about 2.1 percent of aircraft, battle helicopters, ar- the GNP. By 2030, the defence tillery modernising, missile budget is planned to reach 2.5 defence, anti-armour weapons, percent of the GNP, said Briga- upgrading of their Leo 2A4 dier General Karol Dymanowski, main battle tanks, procurement Director of the Armament Pol- of new battle tanks, patrol ves- icy Department in the Polish sels, mine clearing vessels and ­National Ministry of Defence. submarines. Dymanowski added that out of - Even though we are this budget, some 20 % is tar- ­expecting to have a stable and geted at materiel investments, relatively solid financing over and at least 2.5 % will go to the coming years, there is no ­Research and Development. denying that several of the The Polish Defence is also projects in planning are both conducting a very extensive challenging and complex. On Brigadier General Karol Dymanowski (left) and Col. Robert Frommholz modernisation programme and top of the requirements for the ­presented Poland’s ambitious plans for the modernisation of the country’s armed forces. Photo: MilitærTeknikk is planning for the time leading products to be delivered, there

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DANISH-NORWEGIAN though Norway and Denmark curements, corresponding to DEFENCE INDUSTRY SEMINAR have a long history of defence 17 % of the total defence bud- co-operation, this event marks get. For 2023 our expectation MANY TIES JOIN NORWAY the first occasion of a Danish- is to spend 7.1 Bn DKK, which Norwegian Defence Industry will then be 20.1 % of the total AND DENMARK TOGETHER Seminar. Mr. Bill also pointed to defence­ budget. the big NDIS 2020, to be held Among the major Army Towards the late January this year, the FSi in the beginning of September projects, Alexa mentioned the this year. This is a huge confer- procurement of Armoured Per- in collaboration with its Danish sister organi­ ence and exhibition, for an ex- sonnel Carriers (Piranha 5) and sation, the FAD, arranged a Danish-Norwegian pected attendance in excess of the Leo 2A5 Main battle tank. Defence Industry Seminar. A total of close to 70 250 exhibitors. Additionally, the Danish Army is ­delegates had signalled their attendance, and 37 looking to procure anti-aircraft companies took the opportunity to offer a five- Danish procurement missile systems and new cargo plans trucks. – The Danish Army is minute presentation of their business. Brigadier Peter C Alexa of going through what is almost a DALO, the Danish Ministry of total materiel renewal in almost he seminar spanned competitive defence industry Defence Acquisition and Logis- every aspect, said Alexa in con- over two days, with the in order to support the national tics Organisation, opened his clusion, noting also that such Tseminar and business security needs. presentation with the expected an extensive renewal program is presentations on day one, and – In spring, the Govern- development of the Danish de- naturally associated with chal- B2B meetings on day two. ment will be submitting a new fence budget. The budget for lenges in areas like education The opening statement for long-term plan, and the basic 2019 was 31.1 Bn DKK, which and training of personnel. the seminar was given by State premise for all work with the is about 1.35 percent of the On the Navy side, particu- Secretary Tone Skogen from the long term plan is that today’s Danish GNP. Budgets will grow larly the procurement of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, Defence is too weak to counter over the coming years, and for Area Air Defence missile system who started her address with the expected security political 2023 the expectation is some stands out as one of the largest emphasising the long-standing developments in our closest 35.3 Bn DKK, an increase to projects. Furthermore, the Danish and close relations between ­regions. The Government will 1.50 % of the Danish GNP. Navy is engaged in the procure- Norway and Denmark. Skogen accordingly continue its work – So, Denmark still has a ment of a Towed sonar Array went on to note that both na- on strengthening the Armed way to go to achieve the two anti-submarine warfare system. tions are in the middle of mak- Forces, said Skogen in conclu- percent NATO target by 2024. For the Air Force, the pro- ing huge investments in new sion, adding that one premise What we will achieve, however, curement of the F-35 stealth materiel, and much of it of a for the new long-term plan is to is the NATO goal of appropriat- fighters puts all other activities similar nature. For one thing, move further towards the two ing 20 % of the defence budget in the shade. Even so, Denmark both nations are procuring new percent target. to materiel investments, Alexa is working on carrying our F-35 stealth fighters. The State The Managing Director of concluded. – For 2019, the ­replacement of their Air Warning Secretary further underscored the FAD, Frank Bill said in his Danish defence spent some 5.3 radars on Bornholm and in the the need for a competent and opening statement that even Bn DKK on major materiel pro- Skagen area.

FAD; the Danish Defence and Security Industries Association (Forsvars- og Aerospaceindus- trien i Danmark)

FAD is the voice of the Danish defence, security and aero- space industry and the focal point concerning all matters related to defence and aero- space industry, nationally and internationally. FAD acts on be- half of the Danish defence and aerospace industry as a whole, and is the forum for networking, cooperation and coordination of the defence and aerospace industry in Denmark. The FAD represents approximately 100 member companies.

Managing director of the FAD, Frank Bill (left) and Brigadier Peter C. Alexa of the Danish Ministry of Defence Photo: MilitærTeknikk

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TECHNOLOGY DAYS WITH THE NAVY Captain N Stein Nilsen ­focused on the development of the Navy over the times ahead, opening by stating that there THE NORWEGIAN is a trend towards a two-crew ­solution for several of the naval­ vessels. – We have kept two NAVY MEETS INDUSTRY full crews for the frigate “Otto In January this year, the Norwegian Navy held a seminar where the ­Sverdrup” for some time now, and the results have been very theme was meeting with the industry. The seminar was held at the main good. We are accordingly envi- Navy base of Haakonsvern, just south of Bergen. sioning similar solutions for a few of the other vessels. hese meetings between sønes, whose initial statement down at sea off Barentsburg, Among others, we are hop- the industry and the addressed both the challenges a search was launched using ing to build up dual crews for Tend users have become and the opportunities that the four surface vessels as well as a the KNM “Maud” in the course very popular, both from the technological development is ­Hugin autonomous underwater of the year, adding that there side of the Armed Forces and causing for the Naval forces. vessel (AUV). – When the status have been a number of tech- from the industry side. For the Admiral Stensønes men- was summed up for the search, nical warranty issues with the industry, great importance is tioned the development in un- we could see that the Hugin “Maud”, but things appear to be given to meeting with the end manned vessels among several had searched 95 % of the search coming towards a solution. users among the Armed Forces, other issues. –It is no more than site. The four surface vessels on Nilsen also mentioned the and to be able to demonstrate a few years since we were their side had only been able tragic fate of the frigate “Helge the possibilities currently avail- ­discussing the threat from to search the remaining 5 % of Ingstad”, and discussed how able on the market. The feed- hordes of UAV’s, each carrying the area. This clearly indicates the Navy is compensating for back from defence personnel an explosive charge. At the the capacity that unmanned this loss. clearly indicates that this activ- time, we looked upon it as a technology can provide, said The original plan called for ity is ­valued for the information ­future threat. Today, we have Stenstønes, adding that with re- the phasing out of the Skjold it provides. seen drone swarms being used spect to the UAV capacity in the class coastal corvettes in 2025, A total of 25 companies in attacks against Russian mili- Navy, we will now be working but in the wake of the loss of took the opportunity to present tary bases in Syria, as well as to build up the Coastal Hunter Helge Ingstad, we will be ex- a stand during the Technology targeting oil installations in command to be our UAV unit. tending the operation of the Days. Further to this, the com- Saudi­ Arabia. – UAV’s will provide the coastal Skjold class quite a bit longer, panies were given the opportu- – At the same time, we have hunters deployed along the perhaps until 2032, or even as nity to present themselves also seen the value of unmanned coast with a significantly added far ahead as 2035. ­during the seminar part. vehicles here at home. Follow- capacity for gathering informa- When it comes to the mine Opening the Technology ing the fatal helicopter accident tion. The UAV’s will empower a clearing vessels, these will be Days was the Chief of the Navy, at Svalbard in the fall of 2017, Coastal Hunter group to monitor phased out, to be replaced Rear Admiral Nils Andreas Sten- when a Russian helicopter went a much larger area than today. with autonomous mine clear-

Nammo presented some of the ramjet technology that the company is working on. The picture shows what a ramjet missile of the future might look like. From the left, Erland Ørbekk, Kai Fossumstuen and Frank A. Møller. Photo: Norwegian Navy

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ing ­systems in the years to- rently running six subs of the phasing in around the year of of the Chief of Defence call for wards 2028-29. The current Ula Class, and are expecting 2030. increased numbers of person- number of vessels has been to reduce this number to four Concluding, Nilsen not- nel. And ­regardless of which reduced from six to four. in the period of 2022 to 26. ed the personnel side in the alternative becomes the new Even the submarine fleet The four new submarines we Armed forces. We can see that basis, increased manning will will be downsized over the are now working to procure, all the alternative recommen- be ­important for us in the Navy, times to come. We are cur- are expected to be ready for dations in the Military Advice said Nilsen in conclusion.

The exhibit was well visited by Navy personnel. Photo: Norwegian Navy

Chief of the Navy, Rear Admiral Nils Andreas Stensønes, took the time to visit the exhibitors at length. Here from the Eqvipnor exhibit. From the left, Rune Helmik Helgesen and Christian Aalborg. Photo: Norwegian Navy

Vestdavit was one of the exhibitors. Since 1975, the Bergen-based ­Vestdavit has supplied over 2000 davits and side and stern launch ­systems all over the world, says Martin ­Sundgot Hansen. Photo: Norwegian Navy

Gunnar Hellerslien from Rohde & Schwarz Norway. Rohde & Schwarz is a global supplier of information and communications tech- nology products for professional use. The company was founded 80 years ago, and today the company has 12,000 employees in more than 70 countries. Steinar Østby from Saab Technologies Norway AS. Saab has for many years Photo: Norwegian Navy been a major supplier to the Norwegian Navy. Photo: Norwegian Navy

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FSi SMB CORPORATE PRESENTATION:

Alfa Solution AS is a leading provider and developer of comprehensive covering and preservation solutions. The covers from Alfa Solution are custom made and can be fitted to all kinds of equipment, from spare parts and handguns to heavy artillery or vehicles.

oday Alfa Solution products are reduced by up to 95 %. In addition, the FSi Membership: Member of FSi since being used in the harshest envi- covers provide up to 100% UV protection. 2005 Tronment, offshore and onshore, all over the world. Shrink-wrap plastics Why member of FSi: To attend the Alfa Solution has through many years Alfa Solution is also a major supplier of meeting place of the defence sector and collaborated with the Armed Forces and shrink-wrap plastics. Shrink wrap has contribute with our knowledge. the defence industry on the development ­numerous application areas within the of covers for protection of various kinds of armed forces and the defence industry. defence materiel, for both storage, trans- The shrink wrap is also provided with UV port and operational use. protection to prevent the degradation of the material, while also protecting prod- ProGARDO ucts and equipment against sun bleaching. One of the main products from Alfa Shrink wrap may also be supplied with ­Solution is the patented ProGARDO covers. VCI+ for extra corrosion protection. When the object is packed in this cover, a component called VCI+ vaporizes from Number of staff: 6 within the fabric of the cover, creating a thin film of VCI+ on the metal surface of Owner: Rune Johansen the object, to disrupt the electro-chemical reaction that causes corrosion. Loaction: The city of Grimstad, located at By using the ProGARDO cover techno­ the very southern tip of Norway logy from Alfa Solution, corrosion can be Alfa Solution covers fits all kinds of equipment.

Alfa Solution offers covers that can reduces corrosion up to 95 %.

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with the Armed Forces to per- – Together, this conglomera- form routine maintenance on tion amounts to a leading group PROGRAMME the NH 90 helicopters. While in the field of smaller UAV’s in this is naturally a new contract Europe, explains the General CONFERENCE AIR for us, we are already identi- Manager for Nordic Unmanned fying new opportunities and AS, Knut Roar Wiik, adding that This year’s programme conference Air was held challenges. For one thing, we as far as unmanned technology at Holmen Fjordhotell in Asker, just south-west­ have seen that to succeed in is concerned, Norway is at the of Oslo. This year’s conference was like before the aftermarket, we need to be cutting edge internationally. ­located where the Armed Forces We are nonetheless seeing split into a seminar part and a speeddating­ are. We are also seeing that the a number of issues that need to event. availability of resources is a lim- be resolved for the use of UAV’s itation, not least when it comes in a defence context, such as he slowness of the pro- creasing the operational stress, to aircraft technicians. This is a the current dependence of the cesses for procurements says ­Andersen, adding that the common problem for us as well UAV’s on the GPS grid. Fur- Tand innovation in the watch force is mainly composed as the Armed Forces, so per- thermore, there is currently Armed Forces has been a huge of conscripts, making it a key haps we should be looking into limited availability of smaller challenge for a long time. FFI factor that the sensors and sys- the possibilities of co-operation UAV’s containing no Chinese has established the ICE Worx, tems we deploy require minimal here, such as joint training and components, explains Wiik in which is an innovation centre training and are easy to use. education, or the use of shared closing. designed to stimulate better resources between us and the collaboration within the defence NH 90 maintained by Armed Forces? ­sector, while also developing Kongsberg As of today, we do not have more effective tools and processes. As early as 2016, when Kongs- the answers to all the questions, Among the goals of the ICE berg purchased 49% of the but these are some of the mat- Worx is to achieve a faster in- shares in Patria, this was an ele- ters we are working on today, novation route, says Peder ment in the strategy for Kongs- explains Larsen in closing. ­Oscar Andersen from FFI/ ICE berg to strengthen its engage- Worx. We have among other ment in the aftermarket, which UAV Collaboration things cooperated with Air is to say particularly the op- During the UAV seminar held ­Station Rygge as the trials site eration and maintenance of the by the FSI last autumn, the for the base ­defences for the fu- Armed Forces’ systems. We later ­issue was raised that there ture. Here, we have deployed took over AIM Norway in 2019, were too many small units on various sensors and placed and formed KAMS (Kongsberg the supplier side. The compa- them in a systematic grid to Aviation Maintenance Services), nies Radionor Communication provide the watch and protec- opened Roar Bergqvist Larsen AS, Robot Aviation AS, Mari- tion forces with new tools. The from the Kongsberg Defence time Robotics AS and Nordic purpose is also to convey to the and Aerospace. Unmanned AS rose quickly to Roar Bergqvist Larsen from the watch soldiers an enhanced situ- – In December 2019 we the challenge and formed the Kongsberg Group. Photo: MilitærTeknikk ational awareness, without in- signed a strategic agreement NUAS Alliance.

Representatives of the four businesses who have joined to form the NUAS Alliance (Norwegian Unmanned Peder Oscar Andersen from FFI pre- Aerial Systems Alliance): sented the work being carried out at From the left, Hanne Sjøvold Hansen from Radionor Communications, Knut Roar Wiik from Nordic Unmanned, Børre ICE Worx. Larsen from Robot Aviation and Geir Olav Kjøsnes from Maritime Robotics. Photo: MilitærTeknikk Photo: MilitærTeknikk

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FSI-NIFRO; In conclusion, Hagen noted surprised to learn that US and the recent decision of NATO France have both established that outer space should be their own “space commands”. NORWEGIAN ­regarded as an operational do- Perhaps a bit more surprising main along the lines of land, is the fact that even Japan has SPACE CAPACITIES sea, air, and cyber. And when established such a unit. space activities become a more Eldholm emphasised the Norwegian space activities generate a turn- pronounced part of the security significance of Norwegian and defence politics, the sig- participation in international over of some 8 BNOK, or 800 MEUR per year, nificance of the trans-Atlantic co-operative programmes, par- and space will increase in both economic and dimension increases as well, ticularly within the EU, and security-political importance over the years to ­explained Hagen, noting that Eldholm pointed especially come. With this background, the FSi joined up the USA is looking to take part to the ESA (European Space in a satellite project for broad- Agency). But we should be ask- with NIFRO to arrange a dedicated seminar on band in the Northern region. ing ourselves whether we are Norwegian Space Capacities in the beginning This project will enhance the getting all our needs fulfilled of February, attracting almost 140 announced allied ability to operate in the through the EU collaboration, participants. northern regions and establish or whether we can achieve more Norway firmly as a central player in certain areas through the he seminar was opened defence are becoming a steadily for NATO in the North. ­establishing of our own national by State Secretary Mari- more important driving force General Manager for space programmes. Experience Tanne Hagen from the for developments concerning NIFRO, Ms Mari Eldholm, has also shown that ­national Ministry of Foreign Affairs, outer space. angled her address from the programmes can be less whose address started with Russia China, India and importance that space techno­ ­bureaucratic, promoting faster a reminder that the Govern- the USA have all established logy is increasingly assuming. A developments. And this can ment has recently submitted a anti-satellite capacities that can recently published study indi- contribute to making Norway a new Parliamentary Report on neutralise objects in space. The cated that the proportion of the more sought-after co-operating ­Norway’s activities in space. outer space is to an increas- US economy that is in one way partner internationally. The report has been drawn up ing extent becoming an arena or another dependent on space jointly by the Ministry of For- for exercising security policies, technology, corresponds to a NIFRO eign Affairs.­ making it a domain of conten- value of about 5 trillion USD. – What is new in this report tion in a potential conflict. In many ways, space tech- Norsk Industriforum for Romvirksomhet, NIFRO, was versus the previous space report – For Norway, the Northern nology has therefore taken the established in 1986 by a group is a stronger focus on Norwe- regions are clearly vital to our step from ”Nice to have” to of industry companies and gian foreign interest and foreign and security political ”Must have”. research institutions. NIFRO is defence political aspects of interests, and capacities in these And with this increasing the organisation that manages Norwegian space policies, areas are therefore fundamental ­importance comes the security- Norwegian industry interests in space. opened Hagen, adding that this to the exercising of our space political aspects of space gaining bears witness that security and policies. importance as well. Few will be

State secretary Marianne Hagen of the Foreign Ministry Managing Director for the Norwegian Space Centre, Christian Hauglie-Hanssen, presented studies that would estimate Photo: MilitærTeknikk the global space economy at some 360 bn USD. Further to this, there are probably several space programmes that are not shown in this figure for security reasons. At right, General Manager for NIFRO, Mari Eldholm Photo: MilitærTeknikk

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– B u l l e t i n B o a r d f o r D e f e n c e , I nd u s t ry a nd T r a d e –

AFRL’s X-60A programme Remote Weapons achieves key developmental Stations to Switzerland milestone Kongsberg Defence & Aero- more than 10 years, and since space AS (KONGSBERG) has first selecting the PROTECTOR The US Air Force Research Lab- oxygen and kerosene propel- signed a contract with Armasu- RWS in 2007, Switzerland has oratory’s (AFRL) X-60A hyper- lants. It can be launched from isse for delivery of the KONGS- procured additional RWS sys- sonic flight research vehicle has a modified business jet carrier BERG PROTECTOR Remote tems on several occasions. Swit- completed integrated vehicle aircraft. Weapon Station (RWS) to the zerland has installed the RWS propulsion system verification Hypersonic technologies Swiss Army worth 230 MNOK. on a variety of platforms, ground testing. such as airbreathing propul- Switzerland has been a ­including armoured vehicles Development of the air- sion, advanced materials and PROTECTOR RWS user for and patrol boats. launched rocket is currently in hypersonic vehicle subsystems progress with Generation Orbit can be tested using X-60A. Launch Services as part of an The main objective of the AFRL Small Business Innova- ­X-60A programme is to allow US Navy’s Ford aircraft carrier tion Research contract. the US Air Force to mature X-60A is a single-stage technologies under hypersonic starts testing ­liquid rocket that uses liquid flight conditions. The US Navy’s newest aircraft all future Ford-class aircraft car- carrier USS Gerald R Ford (CVN riers, uses stored kinetic energy 78) has started test and trials and solid-state electrical power over the rest of fiscal 2020 off conversion. the East Coast. AAG is software-controlled As part of this, USS Gerald and is a modular, integrated R Ford (CVN 78) departed its system that comprises energy homeport of Norfolk to begin absorbers, power conditioning Aircraft Compatibility Testing equipment and digital controls. (ACT) following the landing It provides increased safety of the first aircraft, E-2D, on margins and reduces the fatigue board. impact load on aircraft. During this period, at-sea During the upcoming test testing of the Electromagnetic phase, compatibility testing Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) will include T-45 Goshawks, and Advanced Arresting Gear F/A-18 E/F Super Hornets, and An X-60A air-launched rocket during a hot-fire test at Cecil Spaceport in (AAG) would be carried out. E/A-18G Growlers and E-2D J­acksonville. Photo: USAF EMALS, which is the launch Advanced Hawkeyes and C-2A system of choice for Ford and Greyhounds. Turkey will make F-35 Parts far longer than anticipated Turkey will continue making The majority of the supply parts for the F-35 through 2020, chain will however be out of at least a year and a half after the Turkey by March 2020, but country was ejected from the Lockheed Martin and Pratt Joint Strike Fighter program, have contracts in place that will according to Pentagon. perhaps carry out to the end of Defense leaders had hoped to the year. find U.S. sources for all Turkish­ The Turkish parts are for six made components by March, key components of the plane, but have decided to allow prime including the jet’s fuselage and contractor Lockheed Martin and landing gear. According to offi- engine-maker Pratt & Whitney cial sources the parts are already to honor contractual obligations paid for. that will keep some parts arriving An F/A-18F Super Hornet approaches USS Gerald R. Ford. Photo: U.S. Navy/E. Hildebrandt until year’s end.

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Report on Australian Submarine Program The Australian National Audit Furthermore, it found that Office (ANAO) has released two design milestones were a report­ into the Future Sub­ extended and its success is marine Program on the coun- ­dependent on the ‘timely and try’s future submarine capa­ cost-effective delivery’ of such bility. milestones. Following a comprehen- ANAO further added: “Ac- sive selection process, it was knowledging the scale of this Hycopter hydrogen-electric UAS is the first of its kind drone, developed by HES Energy Systems. Photo: HES Energy Systems determined that France’s ­Naval programme, we remain con- Group is the most suitable fident that our work on the partner to design and deliver Attack Class Submarine Pro- Hycopter Hydrogen-Electric UAV a superior submarine that will gram with Naval Group and Hycopter is a hydrogen-electric global positioning system meet the demanding capability Lockheed Martin Australia is unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (GPS). requirements. progressing thoroughly and designed and developed by HES Hycopter hydrogen-electric The ANAO auditor argued will result in the delivery of a Energy Systems, a developer unmanned vehicle is equipped that the decision to engage ­Naval regionally superior submarine of hydrogen fuel cell technol- with a fuel-cell using hydrogen Group as a strategic partner­ for capability for Australia from the ogy for defence and commercial in a compressed gas-hydrogen the Submarine Program, rather early 2030s, establishing a truly ­applications. It is the world’s cylinder. It comes with three than buy an off-the-shelf sub- sovereign capability as we maxi- first hydrogen fuel cell-powered different cylinders with 5l, 9l, marine, has “increased the risk mise the involvement of Austra- rotary-wing unmanned aircraft or 12l storage capacities. of this acquisition.” lian industry.” system. The nominal power of the Hycopter is intended for fuel cell is 1,500W, while the persistent reconnaissance and Li-Po battery delivers a peak surveillance, as well as large- power of 4,000W for less than scale infrastructure inspections. ten seconds. The vehicle requires two The drone can continuously people for deployment and can perform operations up to 3.5 be deployed within ten min- hours at a speed of 56km/h. Its utes. It has an optional feature maximum ascent and descent of accommodating a parachute, speeds are 3.2m/s and 2.2m/s, which reduces the payload respectively. ­capacity by 550g. The UAV can be operated in temperatures ranging between SPESIFICATIONS -5° and 45°. It can survive wind Wingspan: 1,450mm speeds up to 32km/h. Maximum Take-Off Navigation and real-time Weight: 15kg positioning for the Hycopter UAV Range: 3km (line of sight) is supported by the onboard­ Norwegian NH-90 at Bardufoss. Photo: Torbjørn Kjosvold/FMS Two agreements with Norwegian Remote Weapons Defence Logistics Organisation Stations to Denmark KONGSBERG and Nor- Aviation Maintenance Services wegian Defence Logistics Or- and NDLO and is related to Kongsberg Defence & Aero- ish Ministry of Defence Acqui- ganisation (NDLO) signs two maintenance and support of the space AS (KONGSBERG) has sition and Logistics Organisa- agreements which strengthens Norwegian NH-90 helicopter signed a contract with the Dan- tion (DALO) for delivery of the the cooperation between the fleet. The agreement will ini- KONGSBERG PROTECTOR two parties, respectively on air tially apply for the years 2020- Remote Weapon Station (RWS) and sea. 2026, and there will be annual to the Danish Army worth 270 The first agreement is a calls from the agreement. The MNOK. framework agreement for follow estimated value is about NOK The system will be inte- on technical support of systems 400 million distributed over grated on Denmark’s new fleet that KONGSBERG has deliv- the first four years, subject to of Piranha V 8x8 vehicles. The ered to the Norwegian Armed it being­ renegotiated after two Denmark is the 23rd country to contract was won in an inter- Forces. years. Maintenance will mainly ­select a KONGBERG PROTECTOR national competitive bidding The second agreement was be carried out at the Bardufoss RWS. Photo: Kongsberg process. signed between Kongsberg main base.

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30 “Freccia” 8x8 for the Italian Legal Actions Against Army MKS 180 Procurement The Italian Army’s order for a The contract for the pur- The Kiel-based shipyard Ger- charge of the mission modules. new batch of Freccia 8x8 tank chase of 30 “Freccia” 8x8 man Naval Yards (GNYK) will GNYK was the only remain- destroyers will allow the pro- ­Medium Armoured Vehicles take legal action against the pro- ing German general contractor duction line to remain open (5 in Combat version and 25 curement decision of the Federal in the European competition pending the finalization of an in Anti-tank version) with ten Ministry of Defence to grant the of the German Navy. In addi- order for 381 vehicles worth years integrated logistics sup- MKS project to a Dutch led con- tion to thyssenkrupp, GNYK €1.5 billion whose has already port was signed late December sortium. integrates numerous other well- been approved by Parliament. 2019. “After a thorough examina- known German suppliers from (Leonardo photo) tion, we have decided to file a the naval­ and defense industry complaint against the award into its product range. decision,” said a spokesman of The German government the shipyard. He added: “We announced 14 January 2020 its have serious doubts about the intention to select Dutch Ship- legality of the decision and yard Damen as the main con- will therefore exhaust all legal tractor, together with partners ­possibilities at our disposal.” Blohm + Voss and Thales, for GNYK is thus exercising supplying at least four Multi- its right under public procure- Purpose Combat Ship MKS 180 ment law to have the decision frigates to the German Navy. reviewed. The result of the evaluation Mehrzweckkampfschiff process by the German Gov- 180 or MKS 180 is the ­German ernment awaits parliamentary The “Freccia” VBM is an 8x8 Armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicle (AIFV) with navy future multi-purpose com- ­approval in Germany. The ships a HITFIST turret with 25 mm cannon. Photo: IVECO bat ship. The basic version of would be built at Blohm + Voss the MKS 180 is a full-fledged shipyard in Hamburg and at combat ship. Interchangeable other shipyard locations of the No Bradley replacement components/mission modules North German Lürssen Group. supplement this core capability Damen intends to build in this The US Army has cancelled ing just General Dynamics Land and specializes the vessel for way in order to spend around its optionally manned fighting Systems (GDLS) in the run- specific roles. The requirements 80% of the total net investment ­vehicle (OMFV) programme ning. Originally BAE Systems bring the ships’ displacement as added value in Germany. The to replace the ageing Bradley had also been interested in the to around 9,000 tons and their contract has an estimated value ­Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV). project but dropped out in June length to 155 meters. The core of approximate USD 6.7 billion. The US Army has said that 2019. crew of the ships would be a The first MKS 180 ship is to it will now look to revisit “the The US Army now plans complement of 110 while an enter service in 2027 following requirements, acquisition strat- to “revise and re-solicit” the additional 70 crew would be in a two-year delay. egy and schedule” of the pro- ­requirements for the OMFV gramme before making any programme on a competitive ­further decisions on its future. basis, possibly leaving the door Late last year a Raytheon- open for BAE Systems and Ray- Rheinmettal bid for the pro- theon-Rheinmettal to re-enter. gramme was disqualified leav-

Naval shipbuilder Damen has won the selection process for the German Navy’s Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Photo: US Army/ Eric Garland new MKS 180 frigates, shown here in an artist’s rendering. Ill.: Damen

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What missiles did Iran use to attack US bases? Iran overnight launched balli­ ­Hezbollah in Lebanon, giving stic missiles at two US air bases the group the ability to strike in Iraq; Al Assad west of Bagh- targets in Israel. dad and another in Irbil. The at- The second system that is tacks originated from Iran and reported to have been used in were retaliation for the US Gov- the attack is the longer-range ernment’s drone strike, which Qiam-1 missile. Iranian press killed the commander of Iran’s reports that the missile has a revolutionary guard Quds Force range of 800km, while the US General Qasem Soleimani. estimates its range to be at least Reports from several sources 750km. indicate that the Iran used Like the Fateh-110, the Fateh-110 and Qiam-1 missiles Qiam-1 is road-mobile, but can Embraer C-390 Millennium. Photo: Embraer in the attack. also be launched from a silo. In The Fateh-110 Short Range the past, Iran has supplied the Boeing and Embraer Ballistic Missile (SRBM) has weapon to Houthis in Yemen. been described as one of the The missile is based on the tech- in strategic partnership country’s more accurate missile nology behind the Scud missile. Boeing and Embraer welcome Montenegro, Colombia, and Kenya. systems, is a road-mobile solid A number of the missiles the unconditional approval of The planned strategic part- propellant system that was pre- are understood to have missed their strategic partnership by the nership between Embraer and viously used by the country in their targets, and at least one Admin­istrative Council for Eco- Boeing comprises two joint ven- an attack on a ski resort in Israel. was intercepted by air defence nomic Defence (CADE)’s General- tures: one joint venture made This attack however was inter- systems that cover the bases. In Superintendence (SG) in Brazil. up of the commercial aircraft cepted by Israel’s Iron-Dome Irbil a fuel tank sections from The decision will become final and services operations of Em- missile defence system. the Qiam system were report- within the next 15 days unless braer (Boeing Brazil – Commer- The Fateh-110 missile is edly found in the area. a review is requested by CADE cial) in which Boeing will own primarily operated by Iran by Iran has one of the largest Commissioners. The partnership 80 percent and Embraer will has also seen service in Syr- and most diverse missile arse- has now received unconditional hold 20 percent; and another ia and has been exported to nals in the Middle East. clearance from every regulatory joint venture to promote and jurisdiction with the exception develop markets for the multi- of the European Commission, mission medium airlift C-390 51 “K9 Thunder” which continues to ­assess the Millennium (Boeing Embraer deal. – Defence) in which Embraer to the Indian Army Unconditional clearance has will own a 51 percent stake and Indian defence contractor Larsen In May 2017, L&T secured now been granted in Brazil, United Boeing will own the remaining & Toubro (L&T) has delivered a Rs45bn ($701.2m) contract States, China, Japan, South Africa, 49 percent. 51 K9 Vajra-T 155mm / 52-cali- from India’s Ministry of Defence bre tracked self-propelled (MoD) for the delivery of artil- howitzers (SPHs) to the Indian lery guns for the Indian Army. Army. Under the contract, the company Rohde & Schwarz supplier The K9 Vajra-T is a vari- will supply 100 units of the self- ant of the Hanwha Defense K9 propelled gun systems. for F-16 Block 70 aircraft Thunder SPH. Lockheed Martin selected two transceivers, one installed ­Rohde & Schwarz as the pre- in the avionic bay, remotely ferred supplier of airborne radio controlled, and one installed communications for new pro- in the cockpit controllable by a duction F-16 Block 70 aircraft. ­local control panel. It is capable The F-16 Block 70 is the newest to cover the frequency range and most advanced F-16 pro- from 30 MHz to 400 MHz and duction configuration. support the NATO frequency Rohde & Schwarz will pro- hopping algorithms (TRAN- vide it’s AN/ARC-238 software- SEC) HAVE QUICK II and defined radio (SDR) on F-16 SATURN. The proprietary Ro- Block 70 aircraft for interna- hde & Schwarz waveform R&S tional customers. The AN/ARC- SECOS combines TRANSEC 238 is the U.S. version of the and COMSEC functionality in independent company’s R&S a single waveform and protects The 51st Vajra-T is a variant of the Hanwha Defense K9 Thunder SPH. MR6000R/L radio. voice and data communications Photo: Defense Citizen Network The AN/ARC-238 consists of against eavesdropping.

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ApusDuo 15 High-Altitude ­Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) ApusDuo 15 high-altitude automated take-off and landing pseudo-satellite (HAPS) is being system and requires no ground- developed by UAVOS, a manu- based landing equipment. facturer of unmanned vehicles ApusDuo 15 HAPS is and autopilot systems. equipped with brushless DC Built using carbon fibres, motors powered by Li-ion bat- the HAPS aircraft features two tery modules. The electric wing structures covered with ­motors drive three two-bladed solar cells. The solar-electric propellers mounted at the for- aerial vehicle combines the ad- ward wing. The vehicle can vantages of a satellite with the perform missions for up to 365 flexibility and resolutions of an days at a latitude of 20°. unmanned aerial system. It has a maximum airspeed Under Gremlins, aircraft will deploy volleys of small unmanned aircraft that a ApusDuo 15 HAPS has a of 8m/s at sea level and 27m/s C-130 mother ship will retrieve in flight. Image: Dynetics wingspan of 14m, while the at an altitude of 15,000m above serial production aircraft is mean sea level (AMSL). It can Gremlins program 1st ­expected to have a wingspan reach a maximum altitude of of 28m. The maximum take-off 20,000m. Flight Test for X-61A Vehicle weight (MTOW) of the vehicle The HAPS platform is in- The Gremlins Program aims to or “Gremlins.” The key objec- is 23kg. The HAPS is capable of tended for persistent operations launch and retrieve low-cost tive is launching groups of UASs operating in extreme tempera- for defence, security, surveil- unmanned aerial vehicles with from multiple types of military tures ranging between -65°C lance, and other civilian pur- focus on safety, reliability, and aircraft while out of range from and 55°C. poses. It can perform real-time affordability adversary defenses. Once Grem- The ApusDuo 15 autono- monitoring of the Earth’s sur- The program has completed lins complete their mission, the mously performs operations face and collection of valuable the first flight test of its X-61A transport aircraft would retrieve from runways using a fully- information for long durations. vehicle. The test in late Novem- them in the air and carry them ber at the U.S. Army’s Dugway home, where ground crews Proving Ground in Utah includ- would prepare them for their ed one captive-carry mission next use within 24 hours. aboard a C-130A aircraft and an Gremlins also can incorpo- airborne launch and free flight rate several types of sensors up lasting just over an hour-and-a- to 150 pounds, and easily in- half. tegrate technologies to address The goal for this third phase different types of stakeholders of the Gremlins program is and missions. completion of a full-scale tech- The U.S. Air Force desig- nology demonstration series nated the Gremlins air vehicle featuring the air recovery of as X-61A in August in recogni- multiple, low-cost, reusable un- tion of the technical challenges ApusDuo HAPS can carry a maximum payload of 2kg has a long endurance capacity of approximately 365 days. Photo: UAVOS INC manned aerial systems (UASs), associated with the program.

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MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 21 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

CH-47 Chinook. Photo: Boeing CH-47 Chinook. Photo: Boeing Germany’s helicopters expected to conclude ing eight NATO nations, which single rotor helicopter, for the by around 2030. help ­Germany’s heavy-lift efforts competition. next heavy-lift The chosen aircraft will fit into the wider European and The company has amassed helicopter replace the country’s fleet of cross-alliance capabilities. an industry team from across ageing Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Boeing has said that if it Germany including MTU Aero Boeing and Sikorsky have Stallions. The final contract is wins the contract it will manu- Engines, Autoflug and Hydro submitted bids to Germany’s expected to cover between 40 facture some of the parts of the Systems, which are set to ­receive competition to acquire a new and 60 aircraft and is worth Chinook in Germany as well a portion of the manufacturing heavy-lift helicopter, offering over 4bn EURO. as issuing a commitment to workshare if selected. the Chinook and King Stallion sustain and train crews for the Sikorsky also stressed that the respectively. Boeing’s bid rotorcraft­ in-country. CH-53K would offer Germany The ‘Schwerer Transport­ Boeing announced that it had interoperability with its existing hubschrauber’ (STH) or heavy offered the CH-47 Chinook Sikorsky’s bid fleet of Lockheed Marin C-130 J transport helicopter competi- to the German Armed Forces. Sikorsky has partnered with Super Hercules transport aircraft tion, aims to meet the country’s There are almost a thousand German defence contractor and the KC-130 tanker. The ro- military goal to place a contract Chinook rotorcraft in opera- Rheinmetall for its bid to pro- torcraft can carry the same sized for the rotorcraft in late 2020 or tion across the world with a vide the German Armed Forces aircraft pallets as both aircraft and 2021, with the delivery of the number of countries, includ- with the CH-53K King Stallion, can be refuelled by the KC-130.

Unmanned minehunting stone between current and to be transportable via low- ­future mine countermeasures loaders, meaning they can be vessels for the Royal Navy (MCM) technology, with the quickly deployed into theatre The UK Royal Navy will begin The unmanned systems are ultimate goal of delivering and wherever they are needed. minehunting and survey opera- set to supplement and sup- developing a fully autonomous Project Wilton is named tions using unmanned surface port the Royal Navy’s existing MCM system for the UK which after the HMS Wilton, an ex- vessels (USVs) in March 2020. manned minehunting force pro- would be able to be deployed perimental coastal minesweeper The navy will deploy a mix vided by Hunt- and Sandown- from many vessels including the launched in 1972 that was the of unmanned and remotely­ class minehunter vessels. ­existing surface fleet. first warship in the world to use operated USVs and submers- Capabilities include At- The systems are designed a glass-reinforced plastic hull. ibles designed to detect ‘smart las Elektronik’s ARCIMS vehicle mines’ and conduct survey mis- ­designed for minesweeping, mine- sions of the ocean and seafloor. hunting, mine disposal, anti-sub- Initial operation of the vessel marine warfare, surveillance, force will be carried out under the protection and diver support using­ Royal Navy’s Project Wilton several different mission module which aims to develop and options. ARCIMS first gained no- deliver the navy’s unmanned tice as part of Exercise Unmanned minehunting and survey pro- Warrior in 2016, where 50 partici- grammes. Wilton has three pants demonstrated the capabili- vessels under its control; two ties of unmanned systems to the remote-controlled and one Royal Navy. manned boat alongside several Project Wilton is seen by submersible vehicles. the Royal Navy as a stepping Atlas Elektronik’s ARCIMS. Photo: Royal Navy

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Extend the service life of the Marder infantry fighting The Bundeswehr has contracted an initial store of spare parts, with Rheinmetall to carry out and training and instruction. new measures for extending the The order is worth around 110 service life of the Marder infan- million EURO. The service life try fighting vehicle. In order to extension will maintain and maintain the operational readi- expand the capabilities of the ness of this tracked vehicle, the Marder, which the Bundeswehr drivetrain of 71 Marder 1A5 first fielded in 1971. ­vehicles will be replaced. Dur- As a first step in replacing ing the 2020-2023 timeframe, the drivetrain, a new power- A KC-46A connects with a B-2 Spirit over California, Apr. 2019. Photo: U.S. Air Force /Christian Turner ­Rheinmetall will be supply- pack will be installed in all of ing the German military with the vehicles, which will boost a total of 78 conversion kits the Marder’s engine output from US Air Force is not happy as well as vehicle tool kits and 600 to over 750 HP. special tools, logistical support, with KC-46A tankers delay Nine years after it won a USD the Boeing company. “The Air 44 billion contract to deliver Force continues to accept de- hundreds of KC-46A tankers, liveries of a tanker incapable of Boeing continues to deliver air- performing its primary opera- craft that are “incapable of per- tional mission.” forming its primary mission,” “As one of your largest mili- the US Air Force chief of staff tary customers, we also rely on reminded the company’s incom- a relationship of trust and confi- ing CEO. dence in not only Boeing’s prod- “We require your attention ucts” but also the long-term and improved focus on the sustainment effort needed for KC-46” tanker, General David equipment that “our warfighters Goldfein, the Air Force chief require,” Goldfein said in the of staff, warned in a letter four Jan. 9 letter made available to days before Dave Calhoun took Bloomberg News. over as chief executive officer of

Besides Germany, the armed forces of Chile, Indonesia and Jordan all use the Marder infantry fighting vehicle. Photo: German Army Counter Unmanned Aerial System (C-UAS) to Germany Kongsberg Defence & Aero- such as airports, government India’s DRDO test-fires submarine- space AS (KONGSBERG) has buildings, power plants, political launched ballistic missile entered into a contract with gatherings and sporting events. Federal Office of Bundeswehr The PROTECTOR RWS C-UAS India’s Defence Research A pontoon simulates the situa- Equipment (BAAINBw) to de- has a rapid deployment and and Development Organisation tion of a launch from a subma- liver a Counter Unmanned ­reaction time, and is highly (DRDO) has test-fired a 3,500km rine. The missile ejecting from Aerial System (C-UAS) based mobile.­ range K-4 submarine-launched a submerged platform to the on the PROTECTOR Remote For Germany’s PROTECTOR ballistic missile (SLBM). ­surface is the toughest part. Weapon Station. RWS C-UAS project, KONGS- DRDO conducted the test The 12m long K-4 nuclear The contract worth 250 BERG has cooperated closely from a nuclear-capable sub- missile has a diameter of 1.3m MNOK was won in an inter­ with Hensoldt and is integrat- marine off the Visakhapatnam and weighs around 17t. It is national bidding process. ing the Hensoldt Spexer 3rd coast. powered by solid rocket propel- Germany is the first country generation radar for UAS detec- Armed with K-15 Sagarika lant and is capable of delivering to acquire a C-UAS solution tion and tracking. The solution missiles with a range of 750km, a 2t warhead up to a distance of with the PROTECTOR as a ki- utilizes a 40 mm Automatic the submarine-launched ballistic more than 3,500km. netic effector. The emergence of Grenade launcher with airburst missile would be equipped the As reported by The Print, inexpensive, small unmanned ammunition, - but the PRO- India´s Arihant class subma- DRDO is already working on a aerial systems (UAS), also TECTOR RWS has a variety of rines. much longer range missile ca- ­referred to as drones, poses a weapon integrations up to 30 The test was conducted pable of hitting targets that are relatively new threat to both mm and air defence missiles from a submerged pontoon and 5,000km away, known as the military units as well as civil- that can be employed against has met the desired parameters. K-5. ian infrastructure and events, UAS.

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New portable monitoring receiver Rohde & Schwarz is show­ more than 3.5 hours, perfect for casing the new R&S PR200 longer field operations. portable monitoring receiver. The R&S PR200 offers wide- With a very wide frequency ranging recording capabilities range from 8 kHz to 8 GHz, for documentation purposes or even up to 18 GHz with the and subsequent signal analysis. R&S HF907DC SHF handheld The receiver can record and antenna with integrated down- reproduce all measured values converter, it is highly versatile. over a prolonged period, for Thanks to its high linearity example the amplitude, bear- An Australian Air Force PC-21. Photo: RAAF and effective preselection, the ing, spectrum and demodulated receiver is ideal for complex audio information of a received PC-21 aircraft for Spanish Air Force signal environments. The R&S signal. The receiver can take a Swiss aircraft manufacturer an integrated training system, PR200 is an tool for regulatory snapshot of the I/Q signal with ­Pilatus has signed a con- ­simulators, spare parts and authorities, mobile network up to 60 million samples. Nu- tract with the Spanish Direc- logistics­ support. operators, police forces, military merous options and extensions ción General de Armamento y The aircraft will replace the units and other security organi- for the R&S PR200 support ­Material (DGAM) for the PC-21 Casa C-101 jet trainers, which zations. They can use the por- a wide range of applications. aircraft.­ have been in use with the table receiver to search for and ­Another important feature is the With the signing of the ­Spanish service since 1980. analyze known and unknown additional DF function in com- €200m ($220m) contract, the The PC-21 uses 50% less radio emissions and to local- bination with the R&S Mobile- Spanish Air Force, Ejército del fuel than other jet trainers, ize signal sources. The receiver Locator. Temporarily installed Aire, has become the third in making it more economically offers various display options, in a vehicle, this combination Europe to operate the PC-21 viable for training purposes. markers and other signal analy- enables effective geolocation single-engine turboprop training To date, Pilatus has sold more sis tools. of all radio emissions even in aircraft. than 235 PC-21s to the airforce At only 3.5 kg, the receiver difficult environments such as Under the contract, a total of Singapore, Switzerland, the features a long operating time of dense urban areas. of 24 next-generation trainers United Arab Emirates, France, will be purchased along with Australia and Spain.

Germany Needs a Bigger and Stronger Army German tank crews have of Germany’s allies, especially late been practicing with Volks­ the U.S. have long known and wagen minibuses because as criticized this reality, without many as three in four of their much happening. Puma tanks are in the repair In 2014, as Russia was shop. Ordering backpacks, ­invading Crimea, several senior PR200 portable monitoring receiver. Photo: Rohde & Schwartz bullet-proof vests, helmets, German officials gave speeches visors and all sorts of other gear calling for their country to take can take years in the ­German more international responsibil- Kongsberg Maritime sells Hydroid army. About 20,000 job open- ity. Later that year, at a NATO ings can’t be filled because summit in Wales, Germany Kongsberg Maritime AS has subsidiary for USD 350 million so few young people want to joined her allied nations in signed an agreement to sell its on a debt-free and cash-free enlist. Officers complain that pledging to rise military spend- underwater technology com- ­basis and as adjusted off an standards are being lowered, ing to at least 2% of GDP within pany Hydroid, Inc. for USD 350 agreed upon working capital. and that new recruits are “fatter, a decade. million to Huntington Ingalls Hydroid, Inc. is a wholly- weaker and dumber.” Germany has started raising Industries (HII), the largest sup- owned indirect subsidiary of This is all according to its defence spending, but from plier of vessels to the US Navy. Kongsberg Maritime AS and Hans-Peter Bartels, an ombuds- a low base. In absolute terms, The agreement provides that, has its head office in Pocas- man appointed by parliament it budgeted 43.2 billion Euros the parties will enter into a stra- set ­Massachusetts in the USA. to audit the country’s armed ($47.6 billion) last year and 45.1 tegic alliance agreement con- Hydroid builds autonomous forces. And his conclusion was: billion Euros this year, and more cerning underwater technology underwater vessels and sells Germany’s army would current- rises is expected to come. But and maritime solutions. them to military and commer- ly be unable to contribute ade- Hans-Petter Bartels reckons that Kongsberg Maritime acquired cial markets, with the US Navy quately to the collective defence­ those won’t even get the country Hydroid for USD 80 million in as its biggest customer. of NATO. to 1.5% of GDP by 2024. 2007 and is now selling this US

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KONGSBERG demonstration South Korea and Poland of remote tower in Australia into joint tank development? Kongsberg Defence Australia, view quality as sitting in a tower According to The Korea Times, and England’s Challenger 2 that with the support of Indra Aus- at the airfield. Additionally, Hyundai Rotem is planning to could be secured but Poland’s tralia, is currently showcas- instant remote control of the partner with the Polish govern- fundamental principle is to ing the KONGSBERG Remote pan-tilt-zoom camera and other ment to develop and produce develop home-grown weaponry Towers solution deployed at system operations was available 800 K2 Black Panther class which suggests Hyundai Rotem RAAF Amberley. The Remote through commercial network tanks. The monetary value of the is a strong contender in the race. Towers solution, with its elec- connections, enabling remote possible deal was unknown. The total project is said to be tro-optical sensors, is controlled tower operations. Live infrared After France and Germany divided into two stages to pro- from the Remote Tower Mod- image streaming is also prov- declined to let it join their joint duce a total of 800 tanks. ule (RTM) located approxi- ing to be an effective situational program to develop a next-gen Hyundai Rotem officials met mately 1200 kilometres away at awareness asset at night, par- main battle tank, Poland is now with Polish officials several times Kongsberg Defence Australia’s ticularly in monitoring move- looking to develop its own tank, to explain the specifics of the Canberra­ office. ments of wildlife. and South Korea’s Hyundai looks qualifications and functions of Representatives from the John Fry, General Manager as the preferred foreign partner. the K2 Black Panther. In 2008, Australian Defence Force, of Kongsberg Defence Australia, There are other prestigious the South Korean company won Airservices Australia, and the said the new technology will tank developers such as the a bid to sell K2 tanks to Turkey. Civil Aviation Safety Authority advance Australia’s capacity to U.S. M1 Abrams, Russia’s T-90 last week attended live system provide air traffic services in demonstrations in Canberra, remote locations across the conducted under the sponsor- country. ship of the RAAF Air Warfare The KONGSBERG Remote Centre Innovation Hub. Towers solution was recently As previously demonstrated commissioned in Norway for at RAAF Amberley, the RTM Avinor Air Navigation Services demonstrates high resolu- in the world’s largest remote tion real-time live panoramic tower project, and this is the K2 Black Panther Tank firing its main gun. Photo: Korean MOD streaming of imagery across an first installation of the system in ordinary commercial point-to- a remote configuration outside point connection, providing of Norway. Rohde & Schwarz radios in Gripen the same ‘Out of the Window’ Gripen aircraft have success- ated without restrictions when fully participated in numer- they fulfil both military and Finland to modernize its ATC ous exercises and air policing civil requirements. assignments, for example, The airborne transceivers voice communications system Czech and Hungarian Air Force use communications algorithms Rohde & Schwarz will upgrade cy), as well as approach and Gripen C/D fighter aircraft that were standardized through- Finland’s air traffic controltower positions in Helsinki. flying NATO’s Baltic Air Polic- out NATO, including the fast (ATC) communications infra- The system­ will be operating ing operation. frequency-hopping technique structure with its IP-based R&S with more than 300 R&S Se- In the year 2000, Saab chose SATURN (Second Generation VCS-4G solution. ries4200 Voice over IP (VoIP) Rohde & Schwarz as radio com- of Anti-Jam Tactical UHF Radio Air Navigation Services radios, already­ installed country munications supplier for Gripen for NATO), as well as optional Finland Oy (ANS Finland) wide to provide voice commu- fighter aircraft with software embedded NATO cryptology. provides en-route, aerodrome nication services. In addition, defined airborne radios (SDR). Dedicated versions are SECAN control and approach con- Rohde & Schwarz will provide The Rohde & Schwarz SDRs and BSI certified to allow secure trol services­ for 22 airports in R&S VCS-4G systems for Avia are integrated in Gripen fighters communications up to NATO Finland, keeping Finnish air- College – Aviation Training in several export countries. As SECRET. By means of software space safe and controlling air Center, with a total of 80 CWPs such, the new SOVERON AR downloads, the transceivers can route traffic between different in the Simulator & Train- was selected by Saab and the implement important functions airports. ANS Finland recently ing VCS plus three additional Brazilian Air Force to be inte- required during a mission. This awarded Rohde & Schwarz a CWPs in the Test & Validation grated in the country’s Gripen ensures that Gripen can be used contract to provide Helsinki System. E/F fighter aircraft. in international air space under Area Traffic Control Centre R&S VCS-4G is a full IP On the world market, network centric warfare condi- (ATCC) with the R&S VCS-4G solution, with more than 280 Rohde & Schwarz is the only tions. voice communications system systems contracted in 60 coun- provider of military airborne SOVERON radios are in The systems for ANS Fin- tries worldwide, including radios, which meet the civil avi- operation around the world. land consist of 97 Controller airports, area control centers, ation certification requirements Almost 8,000 SDRs from the Working Positions (CWP) for virtual centers, remote towers, of the European Aviation Safety airborne transceiver family are operation in the area control offshore drilling sites, mobile Agency (EASA). Military aircraft in use worldwide on over 70 centre (main and contingen- towers and shelters. can only be certified and oper- different airborne platforms.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 25 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Centaur Unmanned JLTVs order Ground ­Vehicles for USAF Oshkosh Defense announced tion and extreme off-road mo- FLIR Systems announced that identify, and dispose of hazards. that the U.S. Army has placed bility to maneuver with combat the United States (U.S.) Air Weighing roughly 72 kg, the an order for 1,240 Joint Light formations against great power Force has ordered more than open-architected robot features Tactical Vehicles (JLTVs) and adversaries. The vehicle’s digital 180 of the company’s Centaur an advanced EO/IR camera associated kits. architecture allows incorpora- unmanned ground vehicles suite, a manipulator arm that This order includes JLT- tion of advances in weapons, (UGV), plus spares. The value reaches more than six feet, and Vs for the U.S. Marine Corps lasers, sensors, networking, and of the contract is $23 million. the ability to climb stairs. Its (USMC), Slovenia and Lithu- communications. It is designed Centaur is a remotely modular payloads can be used ania and kits for the U.S. Army, to meet the requirements for the operated, medium-sized UGV for CBRNE detection and other USMC, Slovenia and Lithuania. threats faced today and the de- system that provides a standoff missions. The Oshkosh JLTV is a light cades to come. capability to detect, confirm, tactical vehicle with the protec-

Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTVs) from Oshkosh Defense Centaur Unmanned Ground Vehicle Photo: FLIR Systems Photo: Oshkosh Defense

Production of S-400 state-owned company Almaz- in spite of pressure from the US Antey, S-400 is an upgraded to stop the programme. defence ­missile systems version of the S-300 and is ca- Besides Turkey, Iran has Russia has started the produc- ing batches expected to join the pable of engaging and destroy- showed interest in purchas- tion of S-400 long-range sur- Indian Air Force (IAF) by 2023. ing targets such as cruise mis- ing S-400 systems and Bastian face-to-air defence missile sys- In May 2018, India and siles, stealth aircraft, drones and coastal defence systems from tems, with plans to deliver them Russia completed negotiations medium-range ballistic missiles. Russia, according to a Pentagon to India by 2025. for the procurement of S-400 In July last year, Turkey’s report. Russian deputy chief of mis- Triumf air defence missile sys- Ministry of National Defence And in addition, members sion Roman Babushkin said that tems to be deployed with the took delivery of the first com- of the Iraqi Parliament recently the initial batch of the missile IAF in a deal valued at approxi- ponents of S-400 systems in announced that the country was systems will be delivered by Oc- mately Rs400bn ($5.92bn). Ankara and announced plans in considering the purchase of the tober this year, with the remain- Manufactured by Russian November to start their testing S-400 system.

S-400. Photo: Russian Armed Forces

26 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 27 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

26 amphibious platforms Drone Dome Intercepts to the U.S. Marine Corps Multiple Maneuvering Targets According to the contract for brings the total vehicle orders In a recent demo conducted in threats employing its unique the new generation of Amphibi- for the ACV to 116, and moves Israel, RAFAEL’s Drone Dome algorithms. ous Combat Vehicles (ACV) the program closer to full-rate C-UAS system performed in- One of Drone Dome’s awarded in 2018, CNH Indus- production. terceptions of multiple drones, unique capabilities is integrating trial subsidiary Iveco Defence The ACV is an advanced including maneuvering targets, laser technology for hard-kill Vehicles is providing its 8x8 8x8 open ocean-capable vehicle using its hard-kill LASER BEAM capabilities. When the C4I per- amphibious armored platform that is equipped with a new six- director. The system achieved forms a positive identification, design, core components and cylinder, 700hp engine, which 100% success in all test scenar- the system allocates the target services. provides a significant power ios. The stages of the intercep- to the laser effector, which locks In the frame of the contract increase over the legacy fleet tions included target detection, and tracks the target and per- recently awarded by the U.S. currently in service. The vehicle identification, and intercep- forms hard-kill. Marine Corps to the company, delivers mobility in all terrain tion with a high-power LASER Drone Dome is designed to BAE Systems, along with team- and has a suspended interior beam. address threats posed by hostile mate Iveco Defence Vehicles, seat structure for 13 embarked Drone Dome is an innova- drones both in military and will deliver an additional 26 Marines, blast-mitigating posi- tive end-to-end C-UAS solution civilian sites, offering solutions Amphibious Combat Vehicles tions for a crew of three, and for securing air space from hos- for maneuvering forces and (ACV) under the Low-Rate improved survivability and tile drones. Fully operational military facilities, critical border Initial Production (LRIP) phase force protection. and deployed globally, Drone protection, as well as civilian of the program. This award Dome offers a modular infra- targets such as airports, pub- structure, comprised of elec- lic facilities, or any other sites tronic jammers and sensors, that might be vulnerable to the allowing effective detection, full increasing threat of both terror identification and neutralization and criminal drones. of multiple Micro and Mini UAV

(Photo: Iveco

Supports the Royal Drone Dome is designed to address threats posed by hostile drones both in mili- Malaysian Navy’s mission tary and civilian sites. Photo:RAFAEL Rohde & Schwarz delivers software defined radios of communications suite for R&S M3SR (Series4100 HF, Lekiu-class frigates of the Royal Series4400 VHF/UHF), Rohde 942 trucks for Malaysian Navy. & Schwarz also integrates and The Royal Malaysian Navy’s interfaces with present third Romanian Armed Forces Lekiu-class frigates, KD Jebat party systems on board such Iveco Defence Vehicles an- and 8x8 Prime Mover, to be and KD Lekiu, are the most as Datalink, message handling, nounces a first order of a frame further declined in 16 different modern surface ships of the public address and ship tele- agreement including more than variants, among which approxi- Malaysian Navy. To ensure phone system. 2,900 high mobility trucks has mately a third are with armored seamless connectivity and sup- Rohde & Schwarz has pro- been signed with the Romanian cabin. port the mission, Rohde & vided more than 40 navies with Ministry of National Defence. Schwarz has delivered and communications technology, and These first 942 vehicles will commissioned its NAVICS IP in the last fiscal year, contracted be delivered throughout four integrated communications sys- 14 additional platforms with years, starting from 2020. tem (ICS) into the Lekiu-class NAVICS integrated naval com- The frame contract includes frigates of the Royal Malaysian munications systems. NAVICS four typologies of military Navy. references includes the Royal logistic platforms from Iveco Having upgraded the vessels Navy’s Type 26 Global Combat Defence Vehicles’high mobil- with NAVICS, and modern Ship (GCS). ity truck range: 4x4, 6x6, 8x8 (Photo: Iveco

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 27 SPAAG FINLAND’S MARKSMAN

At the Lothaja-Vattajaniemi firing range of the FinnishMaavo - series prototype due to cost overruns. The imat (Finnish Army), located on one of Finland’s largest sand- final ItPsv SU-57s were withdrawn from operational service in 2006. beaches in the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea), observers could Since the Finnish Maavoimat’s witness short bursts of 35mm cannon-rounds fired by one of armoured units, including its Panssaripri- Western Europe’s rare SPAAG’s (Self Propelled Anti-Aircraft kaati/PSPR tank brigade based at Paoloan- Guns) at a small target drone: Maaivomat’s Leopard 2-chassis- nummi (located some 120 km north of Finland’s capital Helsinki) for decades mounted Marksman ItPsv Ilmatorjuntapanssarivaunu 90/Anti operated Soviet/Russian-made T-54/T- Aircraft Tank). 55/T-72 main battle tanks, the decision was taken to install the Marksman turret on a Text and photo: Stefan Degraef programme of these old ItPsv SU 57-2 (in second-hand Polish-built T-55AM chasiss. Finnish nomenclature) to more modern These AM models were also equipped with he operational career of the Marks- -2M standard was initiated in Finland. The a more powerful engine and were heavier man SPAAG in Finnish Maavo- main ambition was to equip these SU-57- than Finland’s ‘own’ redundant and moth- Timat-service started in 1990 with 2 with an on-board radar and added flex- balled T-55’s, offering more stability to the the acquisition of seven vehicles, devel- ibility in on-board ammunition. With no turret, its Marconi surveillance and track- oped by Marconi (UK) to replace twelve other countries interested in co-financing ing radar and finally to its two 35mm Russian/­Soviet-made ZSU-57-2 SPAAGs, this modernisation plan, the project was Swiss-made Oerlikon anti-aircraft can- ordered in 1960. Initially a modernisation cancelled after the production of a pre- nons.

Finland has seven ItPsv 90 Marksman anti-aircraft systems, providing low-level air defence for tank battalions. The ItPsv 90 Marksman is primarily meant to fight helicopters, low-flying aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The armament consists of two Swiss 35 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns, with a rate of fire of 18 rounds per second. The fragmentation round has a muzzle velocity of 1175 m/s. The effective range is 4,000 meters. The vehicle is also equipped with eight Wegmann 76 mm smoke dischargers, a 7.62 mm assault rifle, and a flare gun. The turret can traverse a full 360 degrees and has an elevation range of -10 to +85 degrees. The magazines hold 460 fragmentation rounds and 40 anti-tank rounds. The weapon system is guided by a British Marconi 400 series frequency agile surveillance and tracking X/J- band radar, which can detect targets out to 12 km in search mode and 10 km in tracking mode. The laser distance measure device functions up to 8 km. The commander and the gun operator both have gyro-stabilized optical aiming devices. There are three communication radios in the vehicle for fire guidance and communications. I In addition to the Markman-air defence mission and capabilities, its two 35mm Oerlikon KDA cannons can also be used to engage soft-skinned ground-targets.

28 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 ARTIKKELSPAAG

In 2002 the Finnish Defence Forc- aircraft, helicopters and – as was becoming sound refitting programme of the Marks- es, wanting to upgrade the capabilities of increasingly important - unmanned-­ man platforms. In close cooperation with its armoured units, decided to buy 124 combat air vehicles/U(C)AV’s. Patria - Finland’s main armament company ­second-hand Rheinmetall Leopard 2A4 Fortunately - in January 2014 - the - all seven Marksman turrets were installed main battle tanks (aka 2A4FIN) from the Finnish Government approved the pur- on modified Leopard2A4FIN chassis. As German Bundeswehr, later supplemented chase of 100 second-hand but very modern was hoped, the Leopard 2 chassis, larger in by 15 additional 2A4’s to be used an addi- Rheinmetall Leopard 2A6 main battle size than the old T-55 chassis, proved to be tional operational reserve and a source for tanks from the Royal Netherlands Army/ an ideal fit and firing base during technical spare parts. Koninklijke Landmacht. Although these and tactical testing and evaluation of the The gradual operational withdrawal Dutch Leopard 2A6 were all extensively ‘new’ Marksman. of all Russian-made main-battle tanks upgraded former-2A4 models, the pos- Nowadays all seven Marksman and linked logistical structure and proce- sibility to obtain these tanks at bargain SPAAG’s are assigned to the Helsingin Il- dures forced the Maavoimat to mothball its prices proved a quantum leap in tactical matorjuntapatteri (Armoured Air Defence seven Marksman SPAAG’s from 2010 on. and operational capabilities for the Finnish Regiment) of the PSPR, based at Paroloan- Furthermore, day-to-day operations with Maavoimat, and prevented an indigenous nummi. Within its Regiment, the Marks- the heavy Marksman in sometimes harsh and (most likely) vastly more expensive man Joukkue (Platoon) is joined by the Finnish meteorological and field/terrain­ Finnish 2A4FIN-upgrade programme. 2° Ohjusilmatorjuntapatteri (Air Defense conditions showed the less than ideal The first Leopard 2A6’s arrived in Missile Battery), equipped with mobile performances and capabilities of the old Finland in May 2015 at the PSPR at Paro- Ilmatorjuntaohjus­ 12 (It012) Kongsberg T-55AM-chassis. lannumi to gradually replace the 2A4FIN’s Defence NASAMS II FIN air defence sys- At the same time, the Finnish as the service’s main battle tanks. tems. Purchased in 2009, this medium Defence Forces were not willing to deprive The gradual withdrawal from front- range air defence missile system (MRADMS) its armoured and mechanised infantry line service of the older 2A4FIN’s - with its is the first to use ground-based AIM-120 units of a much-needed close range air- still capable chassis and engines - initiated AMRAAM missiles. defence cover against hostile low-flying an ambitious but (tactically and logistically)

The new Leopard 2 chassis greatly improves mobility compared to the older T-55AM chassis, both on- and off-road. The Leopard 2 chassis is also larger, thus providing a more stable firing platform for the Marksman turret to operate from. The vehicle is operated by three crew members: commander, gunner, and driver.

28 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 29 CV90

(the new LR2 version can reach 5,500 m) and it is used by infantry and light combat NEW CAPACITIES vehicles. It adds fiber-optic communica- tion to and from the operator during flight. Dual-sensor electrooptic guidance system FOR THE CV90 allows the system for precision strike. BAE Systems has conducted the first long-range anti-tank CV90 Mjölner mortar system BAE Systems has delivered the Mjölner ­missile test from the CV90 infantry fighting vehicle in a series vehicle mounted mortar system to the of tests. The completion of missile-firing further diversifies the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration operational capabilities of CV90 on the battlefield by enabling (FMV) for the Swedish Army’s CV90 com- indirect fire at long distances or air targets. bat vehicles. Developed and produced by BAE esting was carried out in northern Systems is being used actively in 33 coun- Systems Hägglunds, Mjölner is a turret Sweden when a Spike long-range tries. Spike is an anti-tank guided missile ­solution that will bring indirect fire capa- T(LR) missile mounted on a BAE and anti-personnel missile with a tandem- bility to the fleet of CV90s. Systems Hägglunds’ CV90 was used to de- charge HEAT warhead. It is available in The first four vehicles fitted with feat a target at more than 2,000m. man-portable, vehicle-launched, and heli- the mortar system are being transferred to CV90 has been designed to accom- copter-launched variants. the Swedish Army. modate future growth to meet evolving Spike-LR is the Long Range Indirect fire delivered by the CV90 missions. ­version. Weight of the missile is 14 kg and Mjölner’s mortar system will support The Spike missile family developed the weight of the complete system is less mechanised battalions. The capability can by Israel-based Rafael Advanced Defence than 45 kg. Maximum range is 4,000 m be adapted for different vehicle platforms.

The Mjölner 120mm twin barrel mortar system on a CV90 Photo: BAE Systems

30 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 CV90

The CV90 Mjölner features two smoothbore 120mm gun barrels mounted on the vehicle. The mechanical loading system is designed to rapidly reload the gun barrels in all combat situations. Mjölner offers a full 60° frontal ­engagement arch and its elevating range of 45° to 83° enables operates to engage ­targets over a wide range of distances. BAE Systems Hägglunds is under contract to deliver 40 mortar systems for the Swedish Army’s CV90 vehicles under the Mjölner programme. The programme began in December 2016 and saw the delivery of the first four test vehicles to the FMV earlier this year to conduct validation and training. The four CV90 test vehicles are now certified to join the service. The company is expected to make Test-firing of Spike LR anti-tank missile from a CV90 Photo: BAE Systems final delivery of the remaining vehicles under the programme next year.

NORWEGIAN F-35’S PARTICIPATING IN ICELAND AIR POLICING In March 2020, Norway is parti­ ince NATO started its “Iceland Air ticular, there are rigorous requirements cipating in the international Policing” in 2008, Norway has pro- calling for extra personnel, and quite a few Svided four contributions with its too. operation Iceland Air Policing F-16 fighters. Because of the phasing-in of Iceland does not have an air force (IAP) with its F-35’s. This is the new F-35 fighters, it has now been four of its own, and in order to meet the Ice- the first foreign mission for the years since Norway’s latest contribution. landic needs for sovereignty assertion and Norwegian F-35 fighters, follow- Deploying the F-35 fighters takes airspace surveillance, NATO is contribut- more than deploying the F-16’s. Some 150 ing with periodic air defence presence in ing their initial declaration as persons accompany the four F-35 aircraft peacetime. operational in November 2019. to Iceland. With regard to security in par-

Norwegian F-35 fighters at the Keflavik Air Base on Iceland. Photo: Torbjørn Kjosvold/FMS

30 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 31 AB-RTIKKEL52

SPESIFICATIONS Crew: 5 Length: 159 ft 4 in (48.5 m) Wingspan: 185 ft 0 in (56.4 m) Height: 40 ft 8 in (12.4 m) Max. takeoff weight: 488,000 lb (220,000 kg) Maximum speed: 560 kn (1,047 km/h) Cruise speed: 442 kn (844 km/h) Combat radius: 4,480 mi (7,210 km)

A B-52 taking off from Tinker Air Force base. Photo: Wiki/ B. Greyjoy

B-52; “THE OLD KING OF THE SKY” In service continually since the B-52 still in active service a hundred projected to enter service around 2018 as the 1950s, the B-52 Strato­ years after its first flight. a supplement/ replacement for the U.S. fortress have operated in Air Force’s aging bomber fleet (B-52 and Ongoing upgrades keep the B-1 Lancer). In 2010 the NGB program almost every US conflict since B-52 relevant was ­superseded by the Long Range Strike it first took flight. To stay so relevant for so long, the B-52 has Bomber (LRS-B) heavy bomber program. seen its fair share of overhauls and refits, The Long Range Strike Bomber he B-52 entered into service in the which have upgraded nearly every part of program (LRS-B) is a development and 1950s, and the bomber became a the airframe over the years. ­acquisition program to for a long-range Tpart of the US’ nuclear deterrent, And the upgrading continues; last strategic bomber. In 2015 Northrop Grum- alongside intercontinental ballistic missiles year Raytheon won a contract to upgrade man was awarded a development contract (ICBMs) and nuclear-armed submarines. the aircraft’s radar and allow it to act as a for its B-21 Raider. The US Air Force The first B-52 test-flight was back ‘mothership’ for an airborne hypersonic plans to procure at least 100 of the LRS-B in April 1952, and the heavy bomber has missile test. The US Air Force is also look- aircraft, with potentially as many as 200 been in active service with the USAF since ing to equip the B-52 with laser-based units. Originally the plan was for the B-21 1955. Between 1952 and 1962 a total of missile defence systems. These upgrades to enter service in the mid-2020’s, but as 744 units were built, and as of June 2019, would see one of the oldest serving air- of today the aircraft is more likely to enter­ 58 are in active service, 18 in reserves, and frames equipped with some of the US Air service around 2030. approximately 12 more aircraft in long Force’s most advanced technologies. term storage. ARMAMENT After upgrading the aircraft Replacement ­between 2013 and 2015, the US Air Force The Next-Generation Bomber (NGB) was a Bombs: Approximately 70,000 lb (31,500 aims to fly the B-52 through 2040 and program to develop a new medium bomber kg) mixed ordnance; bombs, mines, missiles, even into the 2050’s. If so, we might see for the US Air Force. The NGB was initially in various configurations.

Administration/Administrasjon: Editorial Office/Redaksjon: Subscriptions/ Castra AS Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 Abonnementservice: ISSN 0806–6159 Org.nr. NO 971 161 531 MVA Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 Publisher/Utgiver: Advertising Office/Annonser: Norsk Militærteknisk Forlag Editor-in-Chief/Ansvarlig redaktør: Krokliveien 66, N-0584 OSLO Design/layout & print: Krokliveien 66, N-0584 OSLO M.Sc./Siv.ing. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 Konsis - www.konsis.no E-mail: [email protected]

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