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Giving Your Capability the Edge 6/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE And SECURITY IndUSTRIES AssOCIATION Giving your capability the edge. Contribution to situational awareness Support for surfacing decision Proven ESM system combining the advantages of R-ESM and C-ESM Learn more at saab.no © thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Saab_0249_Submarine_annons_210x297.indd 1 2019-01-11 08:47 CAONTENTSRTIKKEL CONTENTS: HX PROGRAM Editor-in-Chief: 2 Five contenders for the Finland´s next fighter M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Poland buys F-35 SPACE TECHNOLOGY 5 NAMMO believes in hybrid rocket motors EUROPE NEEDS TO BOOST THEIR DEFENCE BUDGETS, REGARDLESS OF FSI WHO WINS THIS FALL’S PRESIDENTIAL 7 Norwegian Defence and Security industries ELECTION IN THE USA association The Munich Security Conference 2020 held in February clearly showed BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, that security policy has become much more of a challenge. Not least, INDUSTRY AND TRADE the relations between the USA and the NATO countries in Europe have 17 Remote Weapons Stations to Switzerland taken on a new order of complexity. 18 Hycopter Hydrogen-Electric UAV Virtually every POTUS since the 1970’s has said that Europe needs to carry a greater part of the financial defence burden of the 20 51 “K9 Thunder” to the Indian Army NATO alliance. And even though Donald Trump has “modernised” the 19 No Bradley replacement diplomatic language to quite an extent, the key message remains the 21 Gremlins program 1st Flight Test for X-61A Vehicle same. That said, many of the European nations have demonstrated 24 Germany needs a bigger and stronger Army reluctance to achieve the NATO goal of defence budgets to the tune of 25 South Korea and Poland into joint tank development? 2 % of the gross national product by 2024. For some of the countries, 26 JLTVs order it is evident that this target will not be met. It may seem that many are hoping that Trump will fail in his re-election campaign, for the situation 27 942 trucks for Romanian Armed Forces to revert to “normal”, i.e. “USA pays for the security of Europe.” But even if Trump is replaced, the demand for bigger European SPAAG defence budgets will not be going away. 28 Finland’s marksman The USA has other factors than Europe and NATO to relate to. The USA is also committed to countries along the Pacific rim, such as CV90 Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines, and in these areas, 30 New capacities for the CV90 China is stepping up to become a very challenging military power. For year 2000 the Chinese GNP was 1181 bn USD, while the USA produced B-52 a GNP of 10,147 bn USD. For the year of 2018 the Chinese GNP had grown to 13,184 bn USD, while the USA had grown to a GNP of 20,562 32 “The old King of the sky” bUSD. The figures show that while the American GNP just over doubled in the period, the Chinese GNP went up by a factor of 11 times. For comparison, Russia had a GNP for 2018 of some 1501 bn USD. The numbers show that in the current climate, it is China, and not Russia, that has the fiscal strength to build a military force to challenge the USA. And both the Chinese economy and its military capacity is Coverphoto: Two German Air Force expected to keep growing over the years to come. Eurofighter Typhoons It is easy for Europe to dismiss China as being too far away. But deploying decoy flares today, the security of Europe is heavily dependent on the American on a training mission over Northern Germany. armed forces. And while the US military capacities are massive, they Eurofighter is one of the are far from infinite. When the areas in the Eastern Pacific region candidates for Finland´s new fighter. demand a greater share of the military resources, the US will need Photo: Dr. Stefan Petersen, to prioritise. And for Washington, the answer is simple: The US allies Luftwaffe / Eurofighter will need to contribute more. Not just because the US taxpayers are no longer willing to pay indefinitely for other nations’ security, but also because the USA on its own simply does not have the resources to be the security guarantor both in Europe and around the Pacific the way the world is developing today. PB MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 1 HX FIGHTER PROGRAMME FIVE CONTENDERS FOR THE FINLAND´S NEXT FIGHTER Finland’s HX fighter programme to replace the Finnish Air The supplier will be chosen based on five components: the military capa- Force’s F/A-18 C/D Hornet has entered its evaluation phase. bilities of the fighter jet, the security of Five contenders are in the competition;, with the country set supply, industrial co-operation, acquisition to evaluate entrants from Eurofighter, Boeing F/A-18 Super and life-cycle costs, and the security and Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Lockheed Martin F-35A and Saab defence policy ramifications of the acquisi- tion. Of these five components, the mili- Gripen. The contract is expected to be awarded in late 2021. tary capabilities of the fighter will be the primary component of the evaluation. n 1992, the Finnish government and onwards. The new fighters are planned placed an order for 64 McDonnell to enter service as the old Hornets are Five contenders IDouglas F/A-18 C/D Hornet fighters, phased out, and will be delivered through Following a Request for Information (RFI) and the aircraft entered Finnish service be- until 2030. sent to the UK, France, Sweden and the tween in 1995 and 2000. Finland selected The exact number of new fighters is US, Finland now faces a choice between the Hornet to replace its ageing Saab Draken not yet settled, but the goal of the project the Boeing Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, and MiG-21bis. As of today Finland´s Air is to replace the ageing fighter jet fleet with Lockheed Martin F-35A, Saab Gripen and Force has 62 F-18 Hornets in its inventory, up to 64 multi-role fighter jets that meet the Eurofighter Typhoon. 55 F/A-18 C and 7 F/A-18 D. The F/A-18C the requirements of the operating environ- is the single-seat variant and the F/A-18D ment. Finland´s government set in October Boeing Super Hornet is the two-seat variant. last year a 10 billion-euro budget for the The Super Hornet can engage threats The Finnish two-seaters were built acquisition. across air, land and sea, and is one of the in the United States by McDonnell Douglas, The suppliers must put together world´s most proven and affordable multi- which later merged with Boeing, while the a package that meets the performance role fighters. single-seat aircraft were assembled at the requirements within the maximum bud- As a Finland already operates the Patria Finavitec facility in Finland. get set for the project. The package must Hornet fighters, a large amount of infra- include not only the aircraft, but also the structure needed to support a fleet of Super The HX fighter program other technical systems, training systems, Hornets is already in place. With many ex- Finland started its HX fighter program in necessary maintenance equipment, testing isting industry partners in Finland already 2015, to find a replacement for the ageing equipment and spare parts, as well as up and running, it would be possible to fleet of F/A-18 C/D Hornets. The Hornets weapons, sensors and other type-specific perform assembly of the aircraft or compo- are set to start being phased out from 2025 support functions. nents in the country. Boeing offers Finland the latest Super Hornet version, the Block III Super Hornet. The Block III adds capability upgrades that include enhanced network capability and processor, longer range, reduced radar signature, advanced cock- pit system, enhanced communications system, as well as the life of the airframe being extended from 6,000 hours to 10,000 hours. In addition, Boeing also offers Finland the F/A-18 Growler, the electronic warfare version of the F/A-18. Dassault Rafale In late January, two Rafale aircraft from the French Air Force arrived in Finland for its turn at evaluations in the cold. The aircraft is the main fighter of the French Air Force and is also used by several foreign customers including India, Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet block III. The Block III adds capability upgrades that include enhanced Egypt and Qatar. The aircraft comes in a network capability, longer range and reduced radar signature. Ill. Boeing number of variants including a carrier 2 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2019 HX FIGHTER PROGRAMME Finnish F/A-18 Hornet Fighter (top) and a Swedish Gripen. The Finnish Hornets are set to being phased out from 2025 and onwards. Photo: Finland´s Air Force fighter. Finland has been offered the Rafale C aircraft; a twin-seater Rafale B is also available which can be used for training and more intensive missions. According to Finnish media, Dassault has offered Finland the ability to operate the aircraft independently from France with the potential for the airframes to be assembled in the country if so de- sired. Lockheed Martin F-35A Lockheed Martin describes the F-35A Joint Strike Fighter as the ‘best choice for Finland’ citing the fighter’s advanced fea- tures and ever-decreasing price tag. Lockheed Martin says that it will support Finnish security of supply for According to Finnish media, Dassault has offered that the airframes can be assembled in Finland. the fighter by establishing maintenance The photo displays a French Rafale in Mali, 2013.
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