DOCSLIB.ORG

Miff US Decision Making on Missile Defense by Yeonmin Cho Bachelor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Miff US Decision Making on Missile Defense by Yeonmin Cho Bachelor US Decision Making on Missile Defense by Yeonmin Cho Bachelor of Public Administration, Ewha Women’s University, 1995 Master of Public Administration, Syracuse University, 1996 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2009 miff UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Graduate School of Public and International Affairs This dissertation was presented by Yeonmin Cho It was defended on April 24, 2009 and approved by Phil Williams, Professor, Public and International Affairs Dennis M. Gormley, Senior Lecturer, Public and International Affairs James C. Roberts, Professor, Political Science, Towson University Dissertation Chair: Donald M. Goldstein, Professor, Public and International Affairs ii Copyright © by Yeonmin Cho 2009 iii US Decision Making on Missile Defense Yeonmin Cho, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2009 The world entered the nuclear age in 1945 when the United States first acquired nuclear capability. The United States enjoyed a strategic monopoly but only for a couple of years until the Soviet Union tested its nuclear device in 1949. Since then, the United Kingdom, France, and China joined the exclusive nuclear club, and the threat of nuclear weapons has become one of the most daunting challenges of the world. Almost immediately after the United States developed nuclear weapons in the 1940s, it began to explore a way to destroy an incoming nuclear warhead before it reached its target in the United States in order to negate the dangers of nuclear weapons. Smaller scale threats coming from the Third World or rogue states and possibly terrorist organizations are serious factors to be reckoned with, but the nuclear threat from the Soviets was the backbone of US strategic thinking after WWII and until the late 1980s and early 1990s. During the long history of missile defense, the strategic environment experienced fundamental shifts, the most significant being the end of the Cold War. Nevertheless, the United States has shown rather consistent support for missile defense. Missile defense policy changes were seen but they did not coincide with the rise or fall of the Soviet threat. This is the central research question of this study: how has US missile defense policy been able to survive for decades despite fundamental changes in the security environment? The main interest of this study is the decision making process. Essentially, this study attempts to discover the central force behind US missile defense policy. In this effort, this study proposes three competing perspectives: the security perspective, the bureaucratic politics iv perspective, and the congressional perspective. Was it the external security factor? Was it the executive branch of the US government? Or was it Congress that brought about the policy decisions? This study argues that new strategic developments play an extremely important role in triggering policy changes, but Congress was instrumental in materializing missile defense policy changes. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. XIV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. XVI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND CASE SELECTION ................................... 2 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY .................................................................... 3 1.3 METHODOLOGY OF THIS STUDY............................................................... 5 1.4 CAPSULE HISTORY OF MISSILE DEFENSE.............................................. 7 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THIS STUDY ............................................................... 9 1.6 COMPETING EXPLANATIONS – THREE PERSPECTIVES .................. 11 1.6.1 Security Perspective ...................................................................................... 11 1.6.2 Bureaucratic Politics Perspective ................................................................. 19 1.6.3 Congressional Perspective ............................................................................ 25 2.0 SECURITY PERSPECTIVE .................................................................................... 33 2.1 JOHNSON ADMINISTRATION..................................................................... 34 2.1.1 The Policy Turn ............................................................................................. 34 2.1.2 Johnson Administration’s Original Stance ................................................. 36 2.1.3 Deterrence, MAD, and Arms Control ......................................................... 39 2.1.4 The China Threat and ABM Deployment ................................................... 43 vi 2.1.5 Summary ........................................................................................................ 46 2.2 NIXON ADMINISTRATION........................................................................... 48 2.2.1 The Policy Turn ............................................................................................. 48 2.2.2 Nixon’s ABM – Safeguard ............................................................................ 50 2.2.3 From Strategic Superiority to Strategic Sufficiency .................................. 53 2.2.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 62 2.3 REAGAN ADMINISTRATION....................................................................... 63 2.3.1 The Policy Turn ............................................................................................. 63 2.3.2 The Technical Optimism and Increased Resources ................................... 64 2.3.3 The Strategic Development: Imbalance of power ...................................... 68 2.3.4 MX controversy ............................................................................................. 71 2.3.5 Summary ........................................................................................................ 75 2.4 BUSH ADMINISTRATION ............................................................................. 76 2.4.1 The Policy Turn ............................................................................................. 76 2.4.2 From SDI to Global Protection Against Limited Strikes (GPALS) .......... 77 2.4.3 Strategic Debates in a New World ............................................................... 81 2.4.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 86 2.5 CLINTON ADMINISTRATION ..................................................................... 88 2.5.1 The Policy Turn ............................................................................................. 88 2.5.2 From Technology Readiness to Deployment Readiness Program ............ 89 2.5.3 Proliferation of WMD ................................................................................... 95 2.5.4 Summary ...................................................................................................... 100 2.6 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER ............................................................ 102 vii 3.0 BUREAUCRATIC POLITICS PERSPECTIVE .................................................. 106 3.1 JOHNSON ADMINISTRATION................................................................... 107 3.1.1 Department of Defense: Secretary McNamara and the Military ............ 109 3.1.2 Secretary of State Dean Rusk ..................................................................... 114 3.1.3 National Security Adviser Walt Rostow .................................................... 116 3.1.4 President Lyndon Johnson ......................................................................... 117 3.1.5 Interplay ....................................................................................................... 119 3.2 THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION ............................................................... 121 3.2.1 Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird ............................................................ 122 3.2.2 Gerard Smith: SALT Delegation Chief ..................................................... 124 3.2.3 Secretary of State William Rogers ............................................................. 127 3.2.4 National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger .............................................. 130 3.2.5 President Richard Nixon ............................................................................. 136 3.2.6 Interplay ....................................................................................................... 139 3.3 REAGAN ADMINISTRATION..................................................................... 141 3.3.1 The White House Staff ................................................................................ 142 3.3.2 Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger ................................................. 144 3.3.3 Secretary of State George Shultz ............................................................... 146 3.3.4 Outsiders....................................................................................................... 150 3.3.5 President Ronald Reagan ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Future War and the War Powers Resolution
    Emory International Law Review Volume 29 Issue 3 2015 Future War and the War Powers Resolution Eric Talbot Jensen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Eric T. Jensen, Future War and the War Powers Resolution, 29 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 499 (2015). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol29/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JENSEN GALLEYSPROOFS2 1/22/2015 11:37 AM FUTURE WAR AND THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION ∗ Eric Talbot Jensen ABSTRACT Since its passage in 1973 over the veto of then-President Nixon, the War Powers Resolution (WPR) has been laden with controversy. Labeled as everything from ineffective to unconstitutional, the WPR has generally failed in its design to require notification and consultation to Congress by the President. Despite numerous proposals to amend the WPR, it continues to languish in the twilight of Executive war powers, and its future is bleak. With emerging technologies such as drones, cyber tools, nanotechnology, and genomics, the ineffectiveness of the WPR will prove even more profound. The WPR’s reliance on “armed forces” and “hostilities” as triggers for the reporting and consulting requirements of the statute will prove completely inadequate to regulate the use of these advanced technologies. Rather, as the President analyzes the applicability of the WPR to military operations using these advancing technologies, he will determine that the WPR is not triggered and he has no reporting requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Geopolitics, Oil Law Reform, and Commodity Market Expectations
    OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 63 WINTER 2011 NUMBER 2 GEOPOLITICS, OIL LAW REFORM, AND COMMODITY MARKET EXPECTATIONS ROBERT BEJESKY * Table of Contents I. Introduction .................................... ........... 193 II. Geopolitics and Market Equilibrium . .............. 197 III. Historical U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East ................ 202 IV. Enter OPEC ..................................... ......... 210 V. Oil Industry Reform Planning for Iraq . ............... 215 VI. Occupation Announcements and Economics . ........... 228 VII. Iraq’s 2007 Oil and Gas Bill . .............. 237 VIII. Oil Price Surges . ............ 249 IX. Strategic Interests in Afghanistan . ................ 265 X. Conclusion ...................................... ......... 273 I. Introduction The 1973 oil supply shock elevated OPEC to world attention and ensconced it in the general consciousness as a confederacy that is potentially * M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A. Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. International Law (Georgetown). The author has taught international law courses for Cooley Law School and the Department of Political Science at the University of Michigan, American Government and Constitutional Law courses for Alma College, and business law courses at Central Michigan University and the University of Miami. 193 194 OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 63:193 antithetical to global energy needs. From 1986 until mid-1999, prices generally fluctuated within a $10 to $20 per barrel band, but alarms sounded when market prices started hovering above $30. 1 In July 2001, Senator Arlen Specter addressed the Senate regarding the need to confront OPEC and urged President Bush to file an International Court of Justice case against the organization, on the basis that perceived antitrust violations were a breach of “general principles of law.” 2 Prices dipped initially, but began a precipitous rise in mid-March 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Donald J. Trump†
    THE AGE OF THE WINNING EXECUTIVE: THE CASE OF DONALD J. TRUMP† Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash∗ INTRODUCTION The election of Donald J. Trump, although foretold by Matt Groening’s The Simpsons,1 was a surprise to many.2 But the shock, disbelief, and horror were especially acute for the intelligentsia. They were told, guaranteed really, that there was no way for Trump to win. Yet he prevailed, pulling off what poker aficionados might call a back- door draw in the Electoral College. Since his victory, the reverberations, commotions, and uproars have never ended. Some of these were Trump’s own doing and some were hyped-up controversies. We have endured so many bombshells and pur- ported bombshells that most of us are numb. As one crisis or scandal sputters to a pathetic end, the next has already commenced. There has been too much fear, rage, fire, and fury, rendering it impossible for many to make sense of it all. Some Americans sensibly tuned out, missing the breathless nightly reports of how the latest scandal would doom Trump or why his tormentors would soon get their comeuppance. Nonetheless, our reality TV President is ratings gold for our political talk shows. In his Foreword, Professor Michael Klarman, one of America’s fore- most legal historians, speaks of a degrading democracy.3 Many difficulties plague our nation: racial and class divisions, a spiraling debt, runaway entitlements, forever wars, and, of course, the coronavirus. Like many others, I do not regard our democracy as especially debased.4 Or put an- other way, we have long had less than a thoroughgoing democracy, in part ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– † Responding to Michael J.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Air Forces: Struggling to Maintain Readiness by Farzin Nadimi
    MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 1066 Iran's Air Forces: Struggling to Maintain Readiness by Farzin Nadimi Dec 22, 2005 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Farzin Nadimi Farzin Nadimi, an associate fellow with The Washington Institute, is a Washington-based analyst specializing in the security and defense affairs of Iran and the Persian Gulf region. Brief Analysis ecent events, including the launch of Iran's first space imaging satellite, the announcement that Russia is R selling Iran twenty-nine Tor-M1 (SA-15 Gauntlet) mobile short-range surface-to-air missile systems for $700 million, and the crash of an air force C-130 transport plane into an apartment block in Tehran, have focused attention on Iran's evolving air and aerospace power capabilities, as well as on Iran's longstanding problems in maintaining its aging fleet of military and civilian aircraft. A Force Divided Iran's air forces are divided between the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) and Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force (IRGCAF). The IRIAF is by far the larger and more capable service. Its main role is to defend Iran against foreign enemies; in the event of invasion, this might include long-range offensive missions. To this end, it operates some two hundred and twenty combat aircraft (F-14A Tomcats, F-4D/E Phantoms, F-5E/F Tigers, Su-24MKs, MiG-29A/UBs, Mirage F- 1EQs, and F-7Ns) at various states of readiness; around fifteen reconnaissance aircraft (RF-4Es and RF-5As); at least one hundred training aircraft (F-5B Simorghs, FT-7s, PC-7/S-68s, and F-33 Bonanza/Parastoos); some forty-five transport/tanker aircraft (Boeing 707s and 747s, C-130E/H Hercules, and Fokker F27 Friendships); around thirty- five helicopters used for search and rescue and transport; and four P-3F Orions for maritime surveillance of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case Study of Crossfire Hurricane
    TIMELINE: Congressional Oversight in the Face of Executive Branch and Media Suppression: The Case Study of Crossfire Hurricane 2009 FBI opens a counterintelligence investigation of the individual who would become Christopher Steele’s primary sub-source because of his ties to Russian intelligence officers.1 June 2009: FBI New York Field Office (NYFO) interviews Carter Page, who “immediately advised [them] that due to his work and overseas experiences, he has been questioned by and provides information to representatives of [another U.S. government agency] on an ongoing basis.”2 2011 February 2011: CBS News investigative journalist Sharyl Attkisson begins reporting on “Operation Fast and Furious.” Later in the year, Attkisson notices “anomalies” with several of her work and personal electronic devices that persist into 2012.3 2012 September 11, 2012: Attack on U.S. installations in Benghazi, Libya.4 2013 March 2013: The existence of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s private email server becomes publicly known.5 May 2013: o News reports reveal Obama’s Justice Department investigating leaks of classified information and targeting reporters, including secretly seizing “two months of phone records for reporters and editors of The Associated Press,”6 labeling Fox News reporter James Rosen as a “co-conspirator,” and obtaining a search warrant for Rosen’s personal emails.7 May 10, 2013: Reports reveal that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) targeted and unfairly scrutinized conservative organizations seeking tax-exempt status.8
    [Show full text]
  • After the Meltdown
    Tulsa Law Review Volume 45 Issue 3 Regulation and Recession: Causes, Effects, and Solutions for Financial Crises Spring 2010 After the Meltdown Daniel J. Morrissey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Daniel J. Morrissey, After the Meltdown, 45 Tulsa L. Rev. 393 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol45/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Morrissey: After the Meltdown AFTER THE MELTDOWN Daniel J. Morrissey* We will not go back to the days of reckless behavior and unchecked excess that was at the heart of this crisis, where too many were motivated only by the appetite for quick kills and bloated bonuses. -President Barack Obamal The window of opportunityfor reform will not be open for long .... -Princeton Economist Hyun Song Shin 2 I. INTRODUCTION: THE MELTDOWN A. How it Happened One year after the financial markets collapsed, President Obama served notice on Wall Street that society would no longer tolerate the corrupt business practices that had almost destroyed the world's economy. 3 In "an era of rapacious capitalists and heedless self-indulgence," 4 an "ingenious elite" 5 set up a credit regime based on improvident * A.B., J.D., Georgetown University; Professor and Former Dean, Gonzaga University School of Law. This article is dedicated to Professor Tom Holland, a committed legal educator and a great friend to the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daily Gamecock, Tuesday, September 15, 2015
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons September 2015 Fall 9-15-2015 The aiD ly Gamecock, Tuesday, September 15, 2015 The niU versity of South Carolina, Office oftude S nt Media Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/gamecock_2015_sep Recommended Citation The nivU ersity of South Carolina, Office of Student Media, "The aiD ly Gamecock, Tuesday, September 15, 2015" (2015). September. 6. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/gamecock_2015_sep/6 This Newspaper is brought to you by the 2015 at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in September by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEWS 1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 VOL. 106, NO. 14 ● SINCE 1908 Rucker, Bryan to perform at journalism school dedication Ben Crawford @BENLCRAWFORD Darius Rucker and Mark Bryan, former members of the hit band Hootie & the Blowfi sh, will play a “brief performance” at the School of Journalism and Mass Communications’ New Building Dedication ceremony on Wednesday at 6 p.m., according to College of Information and Communications Dean Charles Bierbauer. It will take place at the foot of Ben Crawford / THE DAILY GAMECOCK the Horseshoe, near Sumter St. Fraternity Council President Tim Bryson addressed chapter presidents in a meeting on Monday evening. “We kept it under wraps as long as we could, to avoid 20,000 people converging. We really don’t want that,” Bierbauer said. Journalism and information technology students who wish to attend the event must fi rst receive a Fraternity Council VP wristband Wednesday at 8:30 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Journalists Tweet About the Final 2016 Presidential Debate Hannah Hopper East Tennessee State University
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2018 Political Journalists Tweet About the Final 2016 Presidential Debate Hannah Hopper East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the American Politics Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Political Theory Commons, Social Influence and Political Communication Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Hopper, Hannah, "Political Journalists Tweet About the Final 2016 Presidential Debate" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3402. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3402 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Political Journalists Tweet About the Final 2016 Presidential Debate _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Media and Communication East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Brand and Media Strategy _____________________ by Hannah Hopper May 2018 _____________________ Dr. Susan E. Waters, Chair Dr. Melanie Richards Dr. Phyllis Thompson Keywords: Political Journalist, Twitter, Agenda Setting, Framing, Gatekeeping, Feminist Political Theory, Political Polarization, Presidential Debate, Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump ABSTRACT Political Journalists Tweet About the Final 2016 Presidential Debate by Hannah Hopper Past research shows that journalists are gatekeepers to information the public seeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Every Purchase Includes a Free Hot Drink out of Stock, but Can Re-Order New Arrival / Re-Stock
    every purchase includes a free hot drink out of stock, but can re-order new arrival / re-stock VINYL PRICE 1975 - 1975 £ 22.00 30 Seconds to Mars - America £ 15.00 ABBA - Gold (2 LP) £ 23.00 ABBA - Live At Wembley Arena (3 LP) £ 38.00 Abbey Road (50th Anniversary) £ 27.00 AC/DC - Live '92 (2 LP) £ 25.00 AC/DC - Live At Old Waldorf In San Francisco September 3 1977 (Red Vinyl) £ 17.00 AC/DC - Live In Cleveland August 22 1977 (Orange Vinyl) £ 20.00 AC/DC- The Many Faces Of (2 LP) £ 20.00 Adele - 21 £ 19.00 Aerosmith- Done With Mirrors £ 25.00 Air- Moon Safari £ 26.00 Al Green - Let's Stay Together £ 20.00 Alanis Morissette - Jagged Little Pill £ 17.00 Alice Cooper - The Many Faces Of Alice Cooper (Opaque Splatter Marble Vinyl) (2 LP) £ 21.00 Alice in Chains - Live at the Palladium, Hollywood £ 17.00 ALLMAN BROTHERS BAND - Enlightened Rogues £ 16.00 ALLMAN BROTHERS BAND - Win Lose Or Draw £ 16.00 Altered Images- Greatest Hits £ 20.00 Amy Winehouse - Back to Black £ 20.00 Andrew W.K. - You're Not Alone (2 LP) £ 20.00 ANTAL DORATI - LONDON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA - Stravinsky-The Firebird £ 18.00 Antonio Carlos Jobim - Wave (LP + CD) £ 21.00 Arcade Fire - Everything Now (Danish) £ 18.00 Arcade Fire - Funeral £ 20.00 ARCADE FIRE - Neon Bible £ 23.00 Arctic Monkeys - AM £ 24.00 Arctic Monkeys - Tranquility Base Hotel + Casino £ 23.00 Aretha Franklin - The Electrifying £ 10.00 Aretha Franklin - The Tender £ 15.00 Asher Roth- Asleep In The Bread Aisle - Translucent Gold Vinyl £ 17.00 B.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Southpaw Grammar Morrissey Rar
    Southpaw Grammar Morrissey Rar 1 / 4 Southpaw Grammar Morrissey Rar 2 / 4 3 / 4 [DD] Discografía Morrissey 320 kbps [MEGA]. Morrissey es un ... (1995) Southpaw Grammar (Expanded Edition 2009). 1. The Boy Racer 2.. 4Shared Mp3 : Morrissey - Southpaw Grammar (legacy) rapidshare. Track 4shared mp3 List ... http://www.easy-share.com/1904773812/MS.rar. Southpaw Grammar, Morrissey's fifth studio record, has a number of stellar song names--"Best Friend on the Payroll," for instance--but musically, adds up to just .... ( ZIP ALBUM ) Morrissey - Southpaw Grammar rar DOWNLOAD: bit.ly/311ZrK1 Tracklist: 1. The Teachers Are Afraid of the Pupils 2. Reader .... http://rapidshare.de/files/21601310/1995_The_Boy_Racer_CD.rar.html the 4 live b-sides from both UK cd-singles of The Boy Racer recorded in .... "THE WORLD OF MORRISSEY" · "Dagenham Dave" · "SOUTHPAW GRAMMAR" [original edition] "The Boy Racer" · "Sunny". 1997 "VIVA HATE" [EMI100 edition]. *A photo of the disc is included in the RAR file. Country: U.S.A. ... even if the concept is flawed. tags: morrissey, southpaw grammar, 1995, flac,.. 11. Speedway. CALIDAD: 320 kbps. 1995 - Southpaw Grammar. 1. Teachers Are Afraid Of The Pupils, The 2. Reader Meet Author 3. Boy Racer .... (1995) Southpaw Grammar (Expanded Edition 2009). 1. The Boy Racer 2. Do Your Best and Don't Worry 3. Reader Meet Author 4. Honey, You Know Where To .... Morrissey Southpaw Grammar Cover; Morrissey Southpaw Grammar Vinyl; Morrissey Southpaw Grammar 2009 Rare. Alsatian Cousin 2.. (Steven Patrick Morrissey) segue uma das carreiras solos mais bem sucedidas. ... Southpaw Grammar (1992). 01. ... Suedehead The Best of Morrissey (1997). 01.
    [Show full text]
  • Jose Anguiano [email protected] Mexican Blood, American Heart: Listening for Home, Gender and Affect in Chicana/O Smiths/Morrissey Fandom
    Jose Anguiano [email protected] Mexican Blood, American Heart: Listening for Home, Gender and Affect in Chicana/o Smiths/Morrissey fandom This Night Has Opened My Eyes On December 10th 2009 Morrissey was in concert in Los Angeles in support of his new release “Swords,” a compilation of previously unreleased B-sides. I ventured out there with two friends acting as research assistants, a video camera, an audio recorder, and a clip board full of research consent forms to see if any fans would talk with me about their Morrissey fandom. We arrived at 3:30pm to find approximately thirty people waiting in line for a show that started at 8:00pm. The low number of fans waiting in line reflected the fact that most fans had reserved seats except for small general admission “pit” at the front of the stage. All the fans in line had general admission tickets and arrived as early as they could to vie for a spot near the front of the stage. The fans appeared to be of various ethnic backgrounds, ages and styles of dress. I noticed that whites and Latinos made up most of the fans in line but I would later find much more diversity in ethnic backgrounds as I went around and talked with fans. Of interest to me right away was the one African-American woman in line, who would later refuse to even speak to us, the young Latino rockabilly kids in the middle of the pack and the group of white youth that were first in line.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings
    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons International Seapower Symposium Events 9-2016 Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S., "Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings" (2016). International Seapower Symposium. 7. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss/7 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Events at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Seapower Symposium by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPORT OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings 20–23 September 2016 Edited by John B. Hattendorf Ernest J. King Professor Emeritus of Maritime History U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Newport, Rhode Island 2017 Attended by naval and coast guard representatives from 106 nations, the International Seapower Symposium provides live translations of the proceedings for all visitors. Editor’s Note Every attempt has been made by this editor to record a clear and accurate record of the Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium. Through the use of speak- ing notes, transcripts, seminar notes, and tape recordings of the speakers or, when necessary, simultaneous translations, the opinions and views of the participating maritime leaders are recorded in this printed text.
    [Show full text]