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Mobilising safety and efficiency: www.mercedes-benz.com/defence-vehicles Editorial The Balkans Are Losing Their Illusions At the beginning of the year, Bulgaria strategy”. If this were true, the authors took over the presidency of the European would have performed a particularly great Council. The six months in which a Mem- service by giving the term a new content. ber State exercises this honorary position, So far, it has been assumed that a strategy before passing on the baton to the next indicates how a goal should be achieved. capital city, are too short for course- However, this document offers only vague setting. Certainly, at least for a moment, hints. Instead, it lists once again what the President of the Council can put issues requirements applicants must fulfil in or- that are important to him on the agenda. der for them to be awarded the honour One issue that Bulgaria would like to of EU membership and in what political highlight is the question of the prospects and economic fields they can hope for as- of accession to the EU for the countries sistance. To attest patronisingly to the six of the Western Balkans that are not yet addressees of the Western Balkans where members of the European Union. In mid- they have already made progress, and to May, representatives of the governments reproach them like a schoolmaster regard- of the countries concerned will be discuss- ing where they still have to make an ef- ing what the answer might look like with fort, may perhaps be meant as construc- their colleagues from the EU, at a summit tive assistance. However, based on the as- in Sofia sumption of international law that states Regardless of this initiative of Bulgaria communicate at eye level, it is an affront, presiding the Council, the European especially as there are also EU members Commission has already made its own that do not fulfil some of the cited eligibil- observations, and published these on 6 ity criteria. After all, the “Strategy Paper” February under the fulsome title “A cred- is so sincere that it does not conceal from ible enlargement perspective for an en- the Balkan states that even if they have hanced EU engagement with the Western done their “homework,” they will not au- Balkans”. The document can be seen as a tomatically receive their entry ticket to the kind of compensatory gesture. Commis- EU. The EU must, in fact, come to terms sion President Jean-Claude Juncker had with itself before it can pay attention to caused resentment with comments that outsiders: “The EU itself needs to ensure there would be no new members dur- that it will be institutionally ready to wel- ing his term of office. Some people read come new Member States once they have from this a fundamental rejection of an met the conditions set. The Union must extension of the EU to include countries of be stronger and more solid, before it can the Western Balkans. This was just a mis- be bigger.” What is given out as a strategy understanding, though one of many that thus turns out to be a declaration of sur- Juncker has conjured up by casual remarks render. and brash initiatives. In fact, he probably Should this actually be all that the EU has only wanted to express what anyone who to offer, the view will prevail in the West- knows the lengthy accession procedure ern Balkans that the “European perspec- and can do a few calculations could have tive” was merely an illusion from which found out for himself. Juncker’s term of they should bow out. Surveys indicate office ends in 2019, and nothing will be that a corresponding shift in sentiment completed by that time which has not among the public is already underway. even begun in earnest. What is more, Alternatives are available. Russia and Tur- even during the term of office of the next key are evoking their historical ties with Commission it is unlikely that at least the region. China is enticing with the offer Serbia and Montenegro, with which Brus- of considerable and swift investment in sels is already negotiating accession, will infrastructure. In Brussels, the competition be ready to join, though. Nothing will be is disdainfully taken note of. The EU would done before 2025. not have to fear the competitors if it had The paper published by the Commission stood by its promises. is supposed to concern a “new Balkan Peter Bossdorf March 2018 · European Security & Defence 1 Content Country Focus: Malaysia Programmes behind Schedule Photo: MoD Poland Photo: Dzirhan Mahadzir Armed forces modernisation – army and police The modernisation of the Polish Navy calls for a new requirements - European partners Pages 31-42 impetus – or capabilities will get lost soon Page 50 SECURITY POLICY ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 10 PESCO: Current State and Future Perspectives 65 US Navy Littoral Combat Ship & Frigate Giulia Tilenni Programmes Conrad Waters 16 What Is the Future for the Eurasian Economic Union? Stephen Blank 69 Stealth Reshapes the Modern Warship Doug Richardson 24 China’s Threat Perception, Security Strategy and Eurasia 74 Tactical Communications – Increasing Use Ali Erdinç of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Tim Guest 28 Russian-Turkish Relations and their Impact on NATO and the EU 77 America Searching New Small Arms Solutions Eugene Kogan David Saw 81 Japan’s Wheeled Armoured Vehicle (Improved) COUNTRY FOCUS: MALAYSIA Shinichi Kiyotani 31 Malaysia’s Defence Dilemma David Saw Index of Advertisers 36 Malaysian Army and Police Requirements Dzirhan Mahadzir Airborne Systems 13 39 European Defence Companies as Contractors Barzan Holdings 11 of the Malaysian Armed Forces BSDA 30 Dzirhan Mahadzir Diehl Aerosystems 43 Eurofighter 4th cover Eurojet 45 ARMED FORCES Eurosatory 17 EW Europe 67 43 “Procurement of an additional Tranche always FNSS 33 remains a possibility.” Future Artillery 79 Interview with LtGen. Gabriele Salvestroni, General Dynamics European Land Systems 57 General Manager, NETMA HEMUS 27 50 Polish Procurement, Naval Industry and the Navy IDEAS 19 Eugene Kogan Mercedes-Benz 2nd cover ISDEF 103 55 Spain Ready to Launch a New Investment Cycle NITEC 76 in Defence Panavia 47 Esteban Villarejo Pearson Engineering 5 59 The Chilean Air Force: “Stretched Only in Terms secunet 3 of Geography...” Textron 85 Georg Mader thyssenkrupp Marine Systems 51 TYRON Runflat 41 UDT 73 2 European Security & Defence · March 2018 Littoral Defence Capabilities New Beam from the Rising Sun Photo: US Navy Photo: Georg Mader The US Navy´s LCS programme Japan’s new C-2 transport aircraft attracted is moving ahead. Page 65 attention at last December’s Dubai Airshow. Page 97 Highly sensitive becomes highly secure. With SINA systems from secunet. Classi ed data need the best protection you can get – and this, of course, doesn’t stop at frontiers. secunet is one of the leading companies when it comes to IT security for armed forces. Our SINA systems, for example, are especially designed for high-security networks and will give you data security up to NATO SECRET level. And, as your general defence strategy is one of the best, why should your data defence be anything less? IT security made in Germany. www.secunet.com/sina IT security partner of the Federal Republic of Germany INDUSTRIE & MARKETS VIEWPOINT FROM … 84 Submerged Unmanned Platforms on the Rise 15 Ankara Luca Peruzzi Cengizhan Çatal 91 Global Mine Countermeasures: An Approach to 22 Washington Future Defence against the Naval Mine Threat Chet Negle Guy Toremans 97 A New Beam from the Rising Sun? COLUMNS Interview “A Further Insight” Georg Mader 1 Editorial 4 Periscope THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP 78 Masthead 48 NATO versus Russia in the Baltic Region 101 Firms & Faces Joris Verbeurgt 104 Preview Issue 3/2018 March 2018 · European Security & Defence 3 Periscope Jet-Powered Drone service of which is foreseen in the middle Aimpoint Red Dot Sights (ck) BAE Systems and the University of Man- of the next decade on the new Intermedi- for Finnish Army chester have successfully tested MAGMA, a ate-Sized Frigates (FTIs) and other French (ck) The NATO Support and Procurement small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Navy ships. The study will help to select Agency (NSPA) has awarded Aimpoint The jet-powered MAGMA uses a blown-air the principal technologies for the SDAM a contract to supply the Finnish Defence system to manoeuvre the aircraft, which and to identify technical risks necessary for is intended to make the aircraft stealthier. initiating and completing the programme. The level of technological maturity sought is that of a demonstrator of the complete system in a representative environment. Photo: Aimpoint Naval Group started work on naval aerial drones in 2005. Based on the CABRI G2 Photo: BAE Systems light civilian helicopter, the VSR700 drone system developed by Airbus Helicopters has a weight of 700 kg.