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Types of Polar Questions in Javanese Jozina VANDER KLOK 1
Types of polar questions in Javanese Jozina VANDER KLOK University of Oslo This paper describes the different grammatical strategies to form polar questions (broadly including yes-no questions and alternative questions) in Javanese, an area that has not been fully documented before. Focusing on the dialect of Javanese spoken in Paciran, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, yes-no questions can be formed with intonation, the particles opo, toh and iyo, or by fronting an auxiliary. Yes-no questions with narrow focus in this dialect are achieved via various syntactic positions of the particle toh in contrast to broad focus sentence- finally. Alternative questions are also formed with toh, either conjoining two constituents or with negation as a tag question. Based on these new findings in Paciran Javanese compared with Standard Javanese, the reflex of the alternative question particle is shown to co-vary with the disjunctive marker of that dialect. Additional dialectal variation concerning syntactic restrictions on auxiliary fronting is also discussed. Finally, combinations of these strategies— unexplored in any dialect—are shown to be possible (e.g., auxiliary fronting plus the particle opo) while other combinations are shown to be impossible (e.g., with the particle opo and particle toh in sentence final position). This paper serves as a benchmark for further investigation into dialectal variation across Javanese as well as into the syntax-semantics and syntax-prosody interfaces in deriving different types of yes-no questions. 1. Introduction1 Polar questions in Javanese—in any dialect—are currently not well-documented. Putting together descriptions from various sources on Standard Javanese, as spoken in the courtly centers of Yogyakarta and Surakarta/Solo, yes-no questions are noted to be formed via (i) intonation, (ii) the particle iya/yha/ya ‘yes’, (iii) the particle apa, and (iv) the particle ta (Horne 1961; Arps et al. -
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PENYELENGGARAAN HUTAN KOTA: STUDI KASUS KOTA MEDAN, DELI SERDANG DAN PALANGKA RAYA (Factors Influence Urban Forest Development: Case Study in Medan, Deli Serdang and Palangka Raya) Elvida Yosefi Suryandari & Iis Alviya Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perubahan Iklim dan Kebijakan Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Diterima 3 Juni 2014 direvisi 30 Oktober 2014 disetujui 2 Januari 2015 ABSTRACT Most of urban infrastructure development have been increasing while the existing urban forest is inadequate for fulfilling the needs of urban communities. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the implementation of urban forest in the cities of Medan, Deli Serdang and Palangka Raya. The study used weighing and stakeholder analysis. Weighing is done through ranking of the factors that affect urban forest such as aspects of biophysical, socio-economic, organizational and policy, all based on the perception of the respondents. The results showed that the most influencing factors are scarcity of urban forest land and land disputes. Increasing urban population causes the increasing demand for residential and its supporting facilities, which in turn will reduce urban forest area. On the other hand, forestry policy failed to foster implementation of urban forest because this concept has not been understood by local government as the executor. Another obstacle is the lack of budget and its continuity. Efforts to overcome the scarcity of urban forest land is by optimazing urban forest management through species enrichment and plantings on idle land. Coordination and collaboration among stakeholders are needed in regional planning, budgeting and stipulation of district regulation to reduce the risk of land use conversion. -
Ka И @И Ka M Л @Л Ga Н @Н Ga M М @М Nga О @О Ca П
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3319R L2/07-295R 2007-09-11 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS Source: Michael Everson, SEI (Universal Scripts Project) Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Replaces: N3292 Date: 2007-09-11 1. Introduction. The Javanese script, or aksara Jawa, is used for writing the Javanese language, the native language of one of the peoples of Java, known locally as basa Jawa. It is a descendent of the ancient Brahmi script of India, and so has many similarities with modern scripts of South Asia and Southeast Asia which are also members of that family. The Javanese script is also used for writing Sanskrit, Jawa Kuna (a kind of Sanskritized Javanese), and Kawi, as well as the Sundanese language, also spoken on the island of Java, and the Sasak language, spoken on the island of Lombok. Javanese script was in current use in Java until about 1945; in 1928 Bahasa Indonesia was made the national language of Indonesia and its influence eclipsed that of other languages and their scripts. Traditional Javanese texts are written on palm leaves; books of these bound together are called lontar, a word which derives from ron ‘leaf’ and tal ‘palm’. 2.1. Consonant letters. Consonants have an inherent -a vowel sound. Consonants combine with following consonants in the usual Brahmic fashion: the inherent vowel is “killed” by the PANGKON, and the follow- ing consonant is subjoined or postfixed, often with a change in shape: §£ ndha = § NA + @¿ PANGKON + £ DA-MAHAPRANA; üù n. -
Space and Myth in Surakarta Kasunanan Palace, Indonesia
SPACE AND MYTH IN SURAKARTA KASUNANAN PALACE, INDONESIA A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF SPATIAL AND MYTHICAL QUALITIES OF THE PALACE AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE POWER AND AUTHORITY OF THE K1NG/DOM By WAHYU DEWANTO (Architect) SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA LAUNCESTON U-S-T-R-A-L—I-A NOVEMBER 1997 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY OF MATERIAL This dissertation contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institution and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the research contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text of the dissertation. ahyu Dewanto Launceston, 21 November 1997 STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY OF ACCESS TO LOAN AND COPYING The University of Tasmania and its approved officers and representatives are authorised to loan or make limited copies of this dissertation for general dispersal in the interests of academic research, subject to the Copyright act 1968. Signed Wahyu Dewanto Launceston, 21 November 1997 111 abstract Surakarta Kasunanan palace, in central Java, is an important part of the heritage of the Indonesian nation. It is regarded as a centre of Javanese culture. The architecture of the palace represents the complexity of Indonesian culture, where local tradition and external social, cultural and religious influences are manifested in the form and structure. Surakarta Kasunanan palace as a whole is considered a sacred place, gives a religious impression and reflects the characteristics of the kingdom. -
M. Ricklefs an Inventory of the Javanese Manuscript Collection in the British Museum
M. Ricklefs An inventory of the Javanese manuscript collection in the British Museum In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 125 (1969), no: 2, Leiden, 241-262 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 11:29:04AM via free access AN INVENTORY OF THE JAVANESE MANUSCRIPT COLLECTION IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM* he collection of Javanese manuscripts in the British Museum, London, although small by comparison with collections in THolland and Indonesia, is nevertheless of considerable importance. The Crawfurd collection, forming the bulk of the manuscripts, provides a picture of the types of literature being written in Central Java in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a period which Dr. Pigeaud has described as a Literary Renaissance.1 Because they were acquired by John Crawfurd during his residence as an official of the British administration on Java, 1811-1815, these manuscripts have a convenient terminus ad quem with regard to composition. A large number of the items are dated, a further convenience to the research worker, and the dates are seen to cluster in the four decades between AD 1775 and AD 1815. A number of the texts were originally obtained from Pakualam I, who was installed as an independent Prince by the British admini- stration. Some of the manuscripts are specifically said to have come from him (e.g. Add. 12281 and 12337), and a statement in a Leiden University Bah ad from the Pakualaman suggests many other volumes in Crawfurd's collection also derive from this source: Tuwan Mister [Crawfurd] asked to be instructed in adat law, with examples of the Javanese usage. -
46094-001: Neighborhood Upgrading And
Environmental Monitoring Report # Annual Report December 2018 Indonesia: Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Project – Phase 2 Prepared by the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works and Housing for the Republic of Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2018) Currency unit – rupiah currency name in lowercase (Rp) Rp1.00 = $0.00007 $1.00 = Rp14,240 ADB – Asian Development Bank APBD – Anggaran Pendapatan and Belanja Daerah (Regional Budget Income and Expenditure) DGHS – Directorate of Human Settlements NOTE (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Indonesia and its agencies ends on 31 December. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31 December 2011. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annual Environmental Monitoring Report ___________________________________________________________________________ 2017 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT ADB LOAN 3122-INO: Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) Bridge constructed at Beting Kuala Kapias Neighborhood Prepared by Directorate General of Human Settlements - Ministry of Public Works and Housing for Asian Development Bank November 2018 1 Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 2017 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... -
Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application
Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application Yulia, Liliana, Rudy Adipranata, Gregorius Satia Budhi Informatics Department, Industrial Technology Faculty, Petra Christian University Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Javanese is one of the many regional languages used in Indonesia. Javanese language is used by most of the population in Java. But now along with the development of the era, the use of regional languages including Javanese language is to be re- duced especially among the younger generation. One way to help conserve the use of Javanese language is to utilize information technologies, one of them is by developing a text to speech appli- cation that can be used to find out how the pronunciation of Ja- vanese language. In this paper, we discussed the design for Java- nese text to speech applications uses finite state automata. The design result will be used as rules to separate syllables when im- plementing text to speech application. Index Terms—Javanese language; Finite state automata; Text to speech. Figure 1: Basic Javanese characters I. INTRODUCTION In addition to the basic characters, the Javanese character Javanese language is a language widely spoken by the peo- has supplementary characters, consist of symbols for express- ple of Java. It is one of the regional languages of many region- ing vowels as well as a combination of two specific conso- al languages spoken in Indonesia. As one of the assets of na- nants. This supplementary characters is called sandhangan tional culture, Javanese language needs to be preserved. The and can be seen in Figure 2 [5]. younger generation is now more interested in learning a for- Symbol Example Read eign language, rather than the native Indonesian local lan- guage. -
Summary of Terminal Evaluation I
Summary of Terminal Evaluation I. Outline of the Project Country: Indonesia Project title: Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia Issue/Sector: Environment and Energy Cooperation scheme: Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) Division in charge: Global Environment Dept. Total cost: 450 million Japanese Yen Forestry and Nature Conservation Division 1 Period of (R/D): Dec.2009 to Mar. 2014 Partner Country’s Implementing Organization:National Cooperation (Extension): Standardization Agency (BSN)、Agency for the (F/U) : Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)、 (E/N, Grant Aid): National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)、 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)、Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA)、 University of Palangka Raya (UNPAR) Supporting Organization in Japan: Hokkaido University、Japan Science and Technology Agency ( JST )、 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Related Cooperation: 1. Background of the project In marsh area in Indonesia, there is a wide range of tropical peatland. As a result of large scale development in the late 20th century with channeling canals and cutting tropical peat forest, peat degradation has been occurred, and carbon gas emission has been rapidly increasing due to microbial degradation and fires. The distribution of the tropical peatland in the South East Asia covers 68 % of its total area in the world, and 85 % of the South East Asia’s distribution is found in Indonesia. It is estimated that 0.81 Gt to 2.57Gt of carbon was released into the atmosphere from Indonesia, by peat-fire which is linked to El Niño occurred in 1997 and 1998. The situation above indicates the importance of carbon emission control in peatland, and the importance of the peatland management has become widely recognized by public with the increase of international interest in the climate change and global warming issues. -
Persepsi Karyawan Terhadap Pola Komunikasi Pemimpin Rumah Makan Ayam Penyet Surabaya Cabang Palangka Raya
PERSEPSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP POLA KOMUNIKASI PEMIMPIN RUMAH MAKAN AYAM PENYET SURABAYA CABANG PALANGKA RAYA Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi sebagian Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh MUHAMMAD FAHRI NIM. 1303110349 INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) PALANGKARAYA FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN, ADAB DAN DAKWAH JURUSAN DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI ISLAM PROGRAM STUDI KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM TAHUN 2019 M/1 ABSTRAK PERSEPSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP POLA KOMUNIKASI PEMIMPIN RUMAH MAKAN AYAM PENYET SURABAYA CABANG PALANGKA RAYA Pemimpin dan karyawan mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam menjalankan sebuah bisnis rumah makan, hubungan kerja yang baik tentunya membutuhkan pola komunikasi yang diterapkan dalam sebuah lingkungan kerja. Pola komunikasi pemimpin berpengaruh dengan loyalitas karyawan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perusahaan. Efektifitas komunikasi pimpinan sangat ditentukan oleh persepsi dan interpretasi para karyawan. Rumah makan Ayam Penyet Surabaya merupakan brand usaha bisnis dari PT. Wong Solo Group, Di tengah persaingan rumah makan sejenis, mampu bertahan hingga saat ini dibandingkan dengan rumah makan yang lain. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini bagaimana persepsi karyawan terhadap pola komunikasi pemimpin rumah makan Ayam Surabaya cabang Palangka Raya, dengan tujuan mengatahui para karyawan mempersepsi pola komunikasi pimpinannya menjadi hal penting untuk diungkapkan atau dideskripsikan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif yang bersifat lapangan (Field Research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif diskriftif. -
PEMIKIRAN SOEDJATMOKO TENTANG NASIONALISME Analisis Konten Dari Buku-Buku Karangan Soedjatmoko
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository Universitas Negeri Jakarta PEMIKIRAN SOEDJATMOKO TENTANG NASIONALISME Analisis Konten dari Buku-buku Karangan Soedjatmoko Ayu Rahayu 4115133797 Skripsi yang ditulis untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA 2018 2 ABSTRAK AYU RAHAYU, Pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme, Analisis Konten dari Buku-buku Karangan Soedjatmoko. Skripsi. Jakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Desember 2017. Penelitian ini meneliti rasa nasionalisme yang kerap digaungkan. Meski rasa nasionalisme hanya menjadi slogan semata. Orang-orang yang berbicara nasionalisme namun tidak tahu pasti arti, makna dan tindakan dari rasa Nasionalisme. Sebab, pengasahan nasionalisme dipisahkan dari sejarah bangsa. Nasionalisme tanpa melihat kembali konteks sejarah hanya menuai konflik. Untuk menghindari nasionalisme dangkal, diadakanlah penggalian gagasan dari Soedjatmoko. Penelitian ini diajukan untuk mengolah pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik Analisis menggunakan analisis konten pada buku-buku karangan Soedjatmoko Tiga buku dipilih untuk memenuhi teknik analisis. Tiga buku karangan Soedjatmoko berjudul Kebudayaan Sosialis, Dilema Manusia dalam Pembangunan dan Pembangunan dan Kebebasan. Dari -
Soft Religiosity Message for Indonesia from Soedjatmoko
International Journal of Religious and Cultural Studies ISSN xxxx-xxxx Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2019, pp. 1-7 1 Soft Religiosity Message for Indonesia from Soedjatmoko Aji Dedi Mulawarman Universitas Brawijaya, MT Haryono 165 Malang, Indonesia [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT This article tackles the thought of Soedjatmoko as one of Indonesian Article history self-taught intellectuals. Through his writing “Human Dimension in Received 27 January 2019 Development”, “ Socialist Culture”, and “Asia in the Eyes of Revised 8 February 2019 Soedjatmoko”, an evolution of his thought from socialist' historical Accepted 1 April 2019 materialism towards soft religiousity could be portrayed. It is concluded that integrity and intellectual bravery are the strength of the Indonesian Keywords that are derived from faith and tawhid. The spirit that Islam carries Soft-Religiousity becomes the root of solution for poverty as well as applicable education Tawhid for many countries, especially in Asia. Society Intellectual Bravery This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license. 1. Introduction "A religion that does not speak to the basic moral problems of its time will face danger, it will gradually become irrelevant. But in the meantime it is also necessary to avoid dogmatism, because the way to translate moral judgments into wisdom is usually not one, but more than one. What might facilitate the role of religion in that is that it seems that the process of secularization has reached the final stages of the world, and that the debate over the implications of modernization is still not relevant, because in essence all countries and all nations and all cultures in the world are good those who are called modern or not, are equally unprepared to face the 21st century with all its new challenges. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 25720-ID IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT (CPL-38540; SCL-3854A; SCPD-3854S; PPFB-P1701) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$136 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FOR A KALIMANTAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized June 24, 2003 Urban Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective December 31, 2002) Currency Unit = Rupiah Rp 1 = US$ 0.000112139 US$ 1 = Rp 8,917.50 FISCAL YEAR January 1 December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACSD - Abolition and Combination, Simplification, Decentralization BAPPENAS - National Development Planning Agency BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand DPRD - Local Level Parliament EIRR - Economic Internal Rate of Return FIRR - Financial Internal Rate of Return GOI - Government of Indonesia IPLT - Sludge Treatment Facility IUIDP - Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program (or Project) KIMPRASWIL - Ministry of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure KIP - Kampung (poor neighborhood) Improvement Program LARAP - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan LG - Local Government LKMD - Community Organization MIP - Market Improvement Program MOF - Ministry of Finance MSRI - Ministry of Settlement and Regional