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PEMIKIRAN SOEDJATMOKO TENTANG NASIONALISME Analisis Konten Dari Buku-Buku Karangan Soedjatmoko

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PEMIKIRAN SOEDJATMOKO TENTANG NASIONALISME Analisis Konten Dari Buku-Buku Karangan Soedjatmoko View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository Universitas Negeri Jakarta PEMIKIRAN SOEDJATMOKO TENTANG NASIONALISME Analisis Konten dari Buku-buku Karangan Soedjatmoko Ayu Rahayu 4115133797 Skripsi yang ditulis untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA 2018 2 ABSTRAK AYU RAHAYU, Pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme, Analisis Konten dari Buku-buku Karangan Soedjatmoko. Skripsi. Jakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Desember 2017. Penelitian ini meneliti rasa nasionalisme yang kerap digaungkan. Meski rasa nasionalisme hanya menjadi slogan semata. Orang-orang yang berbicara nasionalisme namun tidak tahu pasti arti, makna dan tindakan dari rasa Nasionalisme. Sebab, pengasahan nasionalisme dipisahkan dari sejarah bangsa. Nasionalisme tanpa melihat kembali konteks sejarah hanya menuai konflik. Untuk menghindari nasionalisme dangkal, diadakanlah penggalian gagasan dari Soedjatmoko. Penelitian ini diajukan untuk mengolah pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik Analisis menggunakan analisis konten pada buku-buku karangan Soedjatmoko Tiga buku dipilih untuk memenuhi teknik analisis. Tiga buku karangan Soedjatmoko berjudul Kebudayaan Sosialis, Dilema Manusia dalam Pembangunan dan Pembangunan dan Kebebasan. Dari tiga buku dapat ditelisik pemikiran SoedjatmokoIroni yang tercipta di masyarakat hanya dapat menggebu- gebu menggaungkan kata nasionalisme. Penelitian ini mengaitkan salah satu pengikut Sjahrir menarik untuk dibahas lebih lanjut. Beliau ialah seorang tokoh yang bernama Soedjatmoko. Soedjatmoko, salah satu tokoh yang dipandang sebagai cendikiawan di masa kemerdekaan. Soedjatmoko atau biasa akrab dipanggil “Koko”. Koko merumuskan gagasan nasionalisme humanis, tentang kebangsaan tanpa diracuni kebencian. Soedjatmoko dikarenakan kedalaman ilmunya, menginginkan perjuangan bangsa dan negara tanpa harus merendahkan martabat bangsa dan negara lain. Nasionalisme yang diusung oleh Soedjatmoko supaya adanya rasa cinta tanah air yang tidak membuat dilakukannya hal-hal destruktif. Koko dalam buku-buku karangannya memuat pesan untuk membangun bangsa dan negara yang berkelindan dengan aspek budaya. Koko tidak ingin membangun tanpa memahami kebutuhan manusia. Soedjatmoko menginginkan kebudayaan sebagai tolok ukur terciptanya bangsa dan negara yang bebas. Tidak memaksakan kehendak kepada masyarakatnya. Sehingga, kecintaan masyarakat tidak fanatik dan tetap memiliki pemartabatan kepada bangsa dan negara lain. Melalui karya ini, pembaca diharapkan dapat merenungi nasionalisme dalam konteks membaca sejarah bangsa. Kata kunci : Pemikiran Soedjatmoko, Nasionalisme Humanis, Kebangsaan Tanpa Kebencian. ABSTRACT AYU RAHAYU, Pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme, Analisis Konten dari Buku-buku Karangan Soedjatmoko. Skripsi. Jakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Desember 2017. This study examines the sense of nationalism that often echoed. Although the sense of nationalism is only a mere slogan. People who speak nationalism but do not know for sure the meaning, meaning and action of a sense of Nationalism. Therefore, the grinding of nationalism is separated from the history of the nation. Nationalism without looking back on the historical context only reaps conflict. To avoid superficial nationalism, there was an excavation of ideas from Soedjatmoko. This research is proposed to process Soedjatmoko's thoughts on Nationalism. The research used descriptive qualitative research type. Analysis Technique uses content analysis on Soedjatmoko books. Three books were selected to meet the analytical techniques. Three books by Soedjatmoko titled Socialist Culture, Human Dilemma in Development and Development and Freedom. Of the three books can be examined SoedjatmokoIroni thought created in the community can only be eager to echo the word nationalism. This study links one of Sjahrir's followers interesting to be discussed further. He is a character named Soedjatmoko. Soedjatmoko, one of the figures who was seen as a scholar in the independence period. Soedjatmoko or familiarly called "Koko". Koko formulated the idea of humanist nationalism, of nationality without poisoned hatred. Due to the depth of knowledge Soedjatmoko wants the struggle of the nation and the state without having to degrade the dignity of other nations and countries. Nationalism promoted by Soedjatmoko so that the love of the homeland that does not make things destructive. Koko in his books contains a message to build a nation and a country that closely related to cultural aspects. Koko does not want to build without understanding human needs. Soedjatmoko wants culture as a benchmark for the creation of a free nation and country. Do not impose the will of the people. Thus, the love of the people is not fanatical and still has a dignity to the nation and other countries. Through this work, the reader is expected to contemplate nationalism in the context of reading the history of the nation. Keywords: Soedjatmoko Thought, Humanist Nationalism, Nationality Without Hatred. i ii iii iv Lembar Persembahan Sebermulanya Kata Ide, dalam bayangan kita, tidak turun dari langit. Ide bukanlah wahyu. Proses pengggaliannya, proses aktualisasi itu, tidak seketika, apalagi proses mula- bukanya. Sesuatu yang tersimpan, apalagi tumbuh dalam bumi, memerlukan sejarah. Goenawan Muhamad (Pancasila seperti Ubi, Catatan Pinggir 1). Menyelami sejarah untuk menemukan beberapa unsur, kepribadian kita yang turut mempengaruhi cara penghadapan kita dengan masa sekarang dan hari depan. Soedjatmoko (Kebudayaan Sosialis). Kebohongan publik yang selalu didengungkan pemerintah Jakarta menyangkut satu kambing hitam: Urbanisasi. Marco Kusumawijaya (Urbanisasi, kotarumahkita). Utopia kaum urban yang terbangun tentang kota ialah kesuksesan. Tak ayal banyak orang yang melakukan berbagai cara untuk bertahan hidup. Ayu Rahayu, Utopia Kaum Urban (Citizen Journalism,Wartakota). Ijazah menjelma sebagai kunci pengubah nasib, jalan karier untuk meraih kesuksesan. Padahal dibalik nilai dalam ijazah itu, terdapat dilema yang berkepanjangan. Untuk mendapatkan nilai itu, kita dibuat menjadi robot penghafal. Mahasiswa yang terbius dengan nilai, maka akan menyibukan diri untuk menghafal. Ayu Rahayu, Mahasiswa dan Generasi Hafalan (Poros Mahasiswa, Sindo). 5 6 Kita sendirilah yang mendiskreditkan bahasa Indonesia. Kita yang kadang terlalu mengedepankan bahasa asing sebagai fondasi. Tak ayal, kita mulai kehilangan gairah belajar bahasa Indonesia. Ayu Rahayu (Perada, Koran Jakarta). Maka, apabila berdasarkan suatu filsafat politik kita dari atas hendak mengatur kehidupan manusia dalam keseluruhannya, atau jika dalam berpolitik kita mengklaim memiliki kebenaran mutlak, kita sebenarnya telah menjalankan suatu keangkuhan terhadap hidup itu. Soedjatmoko (Majalah Siasat, Februari 1959). Waktu tidak selamanya punya efek. Juga kekuasaan dari luar kesadaran. Ingatan tak mudah kalah. Penindasan tak pernah selesai dan Milan Kundera benar: “Perjuangan manusia melawan kekuasaan adalah perjuangan melawan ingatan melawan lupa”. Ketika kekuasaan mencoba mengontrol waktu bagi kita yang hidup, kita mencoba menetapkan masa depan dan memaksakan sebuah masa lalu. Goenawan Muhamad (Catatan Pinggir edisi 5). Untuk pendamba gelar, nilai, status sosial, dan kefanaan lainnya... Hidup hanyalah mimpi yang terlalu panjang, kawan... Tulisan ini hanya kedangkalan seorang mahasiswi sepertiku. KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi berjudul “Pemikiran Soedjatmoko tentang Nasionalisme”. Skripsi ini sebagai salah satu program di studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini tidak dapat diselesaikan tanpa dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Atas perihal itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang memberikan kontribusi dan dukungan dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada beberapa pihak, di antaranya: Bapak Dr. Muhammad Zid, M. Si., selaku dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Bapak Drs. Suhadi, M. Si., selaku ketua program studi dan pembimbing satu yang dapat menerima argumentasi mengenai judul yang telah diajukkan. Bapak Mohammad Maiwan, Ph. D., selaku dosen pembimbing dua yang memberikan diskusi dan referensi terkait judul yang diajukkan. Bapak Dr. M. Japar, M. Si., selaku dosen yang memberikan pengaruh untuk menulis esai di media massa dan memberikan semangat untuk terus menulis. Ibu Yasnita Yasin, S. Pd., M. Si., selaku Alumni Fodim-E yang acap kali memberikan apresiasi dan mudah diajak berdiskusi. Seluruh dosen PPKN UNJ, yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu. 7 8 Ibu Juju Julaeha dan Bapak Sobari, kedua orang tua yang sabar menghadapiku dalam menjalani proses menjadi Homo Ludens dan Homo Educandum. Kepada kedua kakak ku, Lina Rosliana dan Hati Solehati yang terus merongrongku supaya segera selesaikan studi dan kepada kedua adikku Ane-Anesi dan Muhamad Ramdan yang setia menanyakan keberlangsungan kuliahku. Teman-teman PPKN UNJ 2013 yang lebih dahulu meraih gelar, teruntuk Cabelita dan (Tyas dan Ela) yang mudah diajak untuk berbuat
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