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Klaipėdos Universitetas Simono Daukanto Veikalų KLAIPƠDOS UNIVERSITETAS Humanitariniǐ mokslǐ fakultetas Lietuviǐ literatnjros katedra SIMONO DAUKANTO VEIKALǏ ISTORIJA ŽEMAITIŠKA IR %NjDAS SENOVƠS LIETUVIǏ, KALNƠ1Ǐ IR ŽEMAIý,Ǐ NARATYVO YPATUMAI (Narrative Peculiarities of Simonas Daukantas’ Works Istorija žemaitiška and %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ) Baigiamasis magistro darbas Autorius MgL II k. stud. Vaida RancinjWơ Vadovas Prof. dr. Roma Bonþkutơ Klaipơda, 2012 ANOTACIJA RancinjWơ V. „Simono Daukanto veikalǐ Istorija žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ naratyvo ypatumai“. Antrosios pakopos literatnjrologijos studijǐ baigiamasis magistro darbas. Darbo vadovơ prof. R. Bonþkutơ. Klaipơdos universitetas: Klaipơda, 2012. – 61 p. Raktažodžiai: naratologija, naratyvas, diskursas, literatnjra, genezơ, pasakotojas (naratorius). Baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojami Simono Daukanto veikalai Istorija žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ pagal naratyvinƳ diskursą ir naratoriaus funkcijas. Darbe aptariama naratologijos teorijos samprata, pagrindinơs teorinơs nuostatos, supažindinama su naratyvo struktnjros elementais, pateikiama pasakotojo funkcijǐ raiška. Darbo objektas – S. Daukanto Istorijos žemaitiškos bei %njdo senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ naratyvo ypatumai. XIX amžiaus romantinơ istoriografija buvo suvokta kaip meno forma, pagrƳsta tradiciniais pasakojimo metodais ir priemonơmis bei pasižyminti jaudria vaizduote. S. Daukanto veikaluose Istorija žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ vyrauja istorinis naratyvo, epinio Nnjrinio pasakojimo bnjdas. Jo tikslas – papasakoti Ƴvykius chronologiškai. Taþiau istorikas nevengia nukrypti nuo epinio pasakojimo Ƴ beletristinƳ. Ʋprastai žinjrint, kaip rašytojas S. Daukantas yra per daug istorikas, kaip istorikas – per daug rašytojas. Tiek literatnjriniame, tiek ir istoriniame pasakojime pagrindinis Ƴvykio sakytojas yra pasakotojas. S. Daukanto istoriniuose veikaluose pasakotojas kalba apie tai, ką matơ, patyrơ arba kokius istorinius šaltinius yra ištyrĊs, ir juos perpasakoja savaip. Jis komentuoja, vertina vaizduojamą tikrovĊ, žinoma, pagal asmeninĊ patirtƳ, pasaulơžinjUą. Todơl pasakojimo metu neišvengiamas subjektyvus matymo taškas. Pasakotojas lyg centrinơ ašis, jo pozicija veikaluose ypaþ svarbi, tik ji padeda adresatui suprasti, kaip vertinti kuriamą realybĊ. 5 SUMMARY RancnjWơ V. „Narrative Peculiarities of Simonas Daukantas’ Works Istorija žemaitiška and %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ“. Graduate work of Literaturology Study Program of Master degree. Leader of labor prof. R. Bonþkutơ. University of Klaipơda: Klaipơda, 2012. – 61 p. Keywords: narration, discourse, literature, genesis, narrator. In this paper Simonas Daukantas works’ Istorija žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ are analysed in terms of narration discourse and the functions of the narrator. The conception of narration, main theoretical attitudes, narration elements of the structure as well as the expression of the functions of the narrator are presented in the paper. The object of the present paper is the narration peculiarities of S. Daukantas works’ Istorijos žemaitiškos bei %njdo senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ. XIX century’s romantic historiography was apprehended as a form of art, which was based on traditional narration methods and means as well as sensitive imagination. The historical narration i.e. the epic creation mean is dominant narration in Simonas Daukantas works’ Istorija žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ. Its essence is to narrate the event in chronological order. Though the historian often drifts into belles-lettres style. All in all, as a writer S. Daukantas is too much of a historian and as a historian he is too much of a writer. In belles-lettres style as well as in historical narration the main narrator is the narrator himself. In Daukantas historical works the narrator tells what he saw and experienced or he interprets in his own way some historical sourses he had explored. He comments on and evaluates the pictured reality in terms of his personal experience and his world-view. That is way the subjective point of view is inevitable. The narrator is the central element and his possition is very important. It is the only factor leading the adressee to the understandig and evaluation of the created reality. 6 TURINYS Ʋvadas....................................................................................................................................................7 I.Naracija ir naratologija.....................................................................................................................15 1. 1. Naracijos ir naratologijos samprata..............................................................................16 1. 2. Naratyviniai struktnjros elementai................................................................................16 1. 3. Grožinis ir istorinis naratyvas.......................................................................................17 1. 4. Pasakotojas. Jo funkcijos..............................................................................................20 II. Simono Daukanto veikalǐ Istorija Žemaitiška bei %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐgenezơ...................................................................................................................................22 2. 1. Istorijos Žemaitiškos likimas........................................................................................24 2.2. S. Daukanto veikalǐ IŽ ir %njdas skirtybơs ir sąsajos....................................................26 2. 3. %njdo senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ leidimo istorija........................................31 III. Naratyvinio diskurso ir pasakotojo funkcijos raiška Simono Daukanto veikaluose Istorija Žemaitiška ir %njdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ................................................................33 3. 1. Naratyvinio diskurso pobnjdisIŽ ir %njde...................................................................34 3.1.1. Istorinio naratyvo knjrimas S. Daukanto veikaluose IŽ ir %njdas........... 34 3.1.2. Lietuviokario paveikslas S. Daukanto veikaluose IŽ ir %njdas.............37 3.1.3. S. Daukanto veikalǐ IŽ ir %njdasveikơMǐ kalbos.....................................42 3.1.4. Lietuviǐ kalbos svarba bei meniniǐ priemoniǐ vartojimas S. Daukanto IŽ ir %njde............................................................................................................................................44 3. 2. Pasakotojo funkcijǐ raiška S. Daukanto veikaluose IŽ ir %njdas..................................47 3.2.1. Naratyvinơ funkcija.............................................................................48 3.2.2. Ideologinơ funkcija..............................................................................49 3.2.3. Valdymo funkcija................................................................................50 3.2.4. Liudijimo funkcija...............................................................................52 3.2.5. Komunikacinơ funkcija........................................................................54 Išvados................................................................................................................................................56 Literatnjros ir šaltiniǐ sąrašas..............................................................................................................59 7 SANTRUMPǏ SĄRAŠAS ATR – Abiejǐ tautǐ respublika. %njdas – Daukantas S. 1988. Bnjdas senovơs lietuviǐ, kalnơQǐ ir žemaiþLǐ. Parengơ Birutơ Vanagienơ. Vilnius: Vaga. Darbai – Daukantas S. 1976. Darbai senǐMǐ lietuviǐ ir žemaiþLǐ. Raštai 1. Tekstą paruošơ Birutơ Vanagienơ. Sudarơ, Ƴvadą ir paaiškinimus parašơ Vytautas Merkys. Vilnius: Vaga. IŽ1 – Daukantas S. 1995. Istorija Žemaitiška 1. Parengơ Birutơ Vanagienơ. Ʋžangos straipsnƳ parašơ Vytautas Merkys. Vilnius: Lietuviǐ literatnjros ir tautosakos institutas. IŽ2 – Daukantas S. 1995. Istorija Žemaitiška 2. Parengơ Birutơ Vanagienơ. BaigiamąMƳ straipsnƳ parašơ Roma Bonþkutơ ir Giedrius Subaþius. Vilnius: Lietuviǐ literatnjros ir tautosakos institutas. LKŽ – Lietuviǐ kalbos žodynas. 1968. Red. kolegija: Kruopas J., Lyberis A., Paulauskas J., Senkus J., Tolutienơ B. T. 1. Vilnius: Mintis. Pasakojimas – Daukantas S. 1976. Pasakojimas apie veikalus lietuviǐ tautos senovơje. Raštai 2. Parengơ Birutơ Vanagienơ. Vilnius: Vaga. 8 ƲVADAS XIX amžius – tai pereinamasis laikotarpis, kai ima skaidytis senosios LDK tradicijos ir formuotis nacionalinơs kultnjros pradmenys. Bnjtent tuo laikotarpiu susiformuoja Lietuvos istorijos mokslas – tiksliau švietơjiška ir romantinơ istoriografija. „Šiame laikotarpyje istoriografija demonstruoja dơmesƳ faktui, taþiau jos charakteristikoje dar pabrơžiama, kad istorijos veikaluose menkai buvo aprašoma panaudotǐ šaltiniǐ bazơ, o didesnis dơmesys buvo skiriamas estetizuoti ir idealizuoti praeitƳ“ (Aleksandraviþius, 1993, 37 p.)1. Istoriniuose veikaluose daugiau sustojama ties regimuoju planu, ties tuo, kas vyksta prieš skaitytojo akis. Tuo Simono Daukanto tekstai savotiškai priartơja prie graikiškosios raštǐ tradicijos. Erich Auerbach knygoje Mimesisyra išryškinami du skirtingi istorijos vaizdavimo bnjdai Vakarǐ literatnjroje, kurie Ƴvardijami „priekinio ir giluminio plano stiliaus terminais“ (2003, 32 p.)2. Šie tikrovơs suvokimo bnjdai reprezentuoja skirtingą santykƳ su pasauliu, reiškia skirtingą mąstyseną, jauseną bei stilistiką literatnjroje. „Skirtybơ tarp šiǐ vaizdavimo
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